1
|
Gegenhuber B, Wu MV, Bronstein R, Tollkuhn J. Gene regulation by gonadal hormone receptors underlies brain sex differences. Nature 2022; 606:153-159. [PMID: 35508660 PMCID: PMC9159952 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oestradiol establishes neural sex differences in many vertebrates1-3 and modulates mood, behaviour and energy balance in adulthood4-8. In the canonical pathway, oestradiol exerts its effects through the transcription factor oestrogen receptor-α (ERα)9. Although ERα has been extensively characterized in breast cancer, the neuronal targets of ERα, and their involvement in brain sex differences, remain largely unknown. Here we generate a comprehensive map of genomic ERα-binding sites in a sexually dimorphic neural circuit that mediates social behaviours. We conclude that ERα orchestrates sexual differentiation of the mouse brain through two mechanisms: establishing two male-biased neuron types and activating a sustained male-biased gene expression program. Collectively, our findings reveal that sex differences in gene expression are defined by hormonal activation of neuronal steroid receptors. The molecular targets we identify may underlie the effects of oestradiol on brain development, behaviour and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Gegenhuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - M V Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - R Bronstein
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - J Tollkuhn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stokar J, Gurt I, Cohen-Kfir E, Yakubovsky O, Hallak N, Benyamini H, Lishinsky N, Offir N, Tam J, Dresner-Pollak R. Hepatic Adropin is Regulated by Estrogen and Contributes to Adverse Metabolic Phenotypes in Ovariectomized Mice. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101482. [PMID: 35364299 PMCID: PMC9044006 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Menopause is associated with visceral adiposity, hepatic steatosis and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. As estrogen replacement therapy is not suitable for all postmenopausal women, a need for alternative therapeutics and biomarkers has emerged. Methods 9-week-old C57BL/6 J female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or SHAM surgery (n = 10 per group), fed a standard diet and sacrificed 6- & 12 weeks post-surgery. Results Increased weight gain, hepatic triglyceride content and changes in hepatic gene expression of Cyp17a1, Rgs16, Fitm1 as well as Il18, Rares2, Retn, Rbp4 in mesenteric visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were observed in OVX vs. SHAM. Liver RNA-sequencing 6-weeks post-surgery revealed changes in genes and microRNAs involved in fat metabolism in OVX vs. SHAM mice. Energy Homeostasis Associated gene (Enho) coding for the hepatokine adropin was significantly reduced in OVX mice livers and strongly inversely correlated with weight gain (r = −0.7 p < 0.001) and liver triglyceride content (r = −0.4, p = 0.04), with a similar trend for serum adropin. In vitro, Enho expression was tripled by 17β-estradiol in BNL 1 ME liver cells with increased adropin in supernatant. Analysis of open-access datasets revealed increased hepatic Enho expression in estrogen treated OVX mice and estrogen dependent ERα binding to Enho. Treatment of 5-month-old OVX mice with Adropin (i.p. 450 nmol/kg/twice daily, n = 4,5 per group) for 6-weeks reversed adverse adipokine gene expression signature in VAT, with a trended increase in lean body mass and decreased liver TG content with upregulation of Rgs16. Conclusions OVX is sufficient to induce deranged metabolism in adult female mice. Hepatic adropin is regulated by estrogen, negatively correlated with adverse OVX-induced metabolic phenotypes, which were partially reversed with adropin treatment. Adropin should be further explored as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for menopause-related metabolic derangement. OVX increased body weight, liver fat & adverse visceral fat adipokine signature. OVX altered liver transcriptome & miRNA profile including fat metabolism pathways. Enho was downregulated by OVX & inversely correlated with weight gain & liver fat. Hepatic adropin expression was upregulated by estrogen in-vitro & in-vivo. Adropin treatment partially reversed OVX induced adverse metabolic phenotypes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao Y, Kim M, Lazar MA. Nuclear receptors and transcriptional regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2020; 50:101119. [PMID: 33220489 PMCID: PMC8324695 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of a sedentary lifestyle and excess food consumption in modern society, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by fat accumulation in the liver is becoming a major disease burden. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD characterized by inflammation and fibrosis that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that closely control multiple aspects of metabolism. Their transcriptional activity is modulated by various ligands, including hormones and lipids. NRs serve as potential pharmacological targets for NAFLD/NASH and other metabolic diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of NRs that have been studied in the context of NAFLD/NASH with a focus on their transcriptional regulation, function in preclinical models, and studies of their clinical utility. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional regulation of NRs is context-dependent. During the dynamic progression of NAFLD/NASH, NRs play diverse roles in multiple organs and different cell types in the liver, which highlights the necessity of targeting NRs in a stage-specific and cell-type-specific manner to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zahreddine R, Davezac M, Smirnova N, Buscato M, Lhuillier E, Lupieri A, Solinhac R, Vinel A, Vessieres E, Henrion D, Renault MA, Gadeau AP, Flouriot G, Lenfant F, Laffargue M, Métivier R, Arnal JF, Fontaine C. Tamoxifen Accelerates Endothelial Healing by Targeting ERα in Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2020; 127:1473-1487. [PMID: 33012251 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tamoxifen prevents the recurrence of breast cancer and is also beneficial against bone demineralization and arterial diseases. It acts as an ER (estrogen receptor) α antagonist in ER-positive breast cancers, whereas it mimics the protective action of 17β-estradiol in other tissues such as arteries. However, the mechanisms of these tissue-specific actions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested whether tamoxifen is able to accelerate endothelial healing and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Using 3 complementary mouse models of carotid artery injury, we demonstrated that both tamoxifen and estradiol accelerated endothelial healing, but only tamoxifen required the presence of the underlying medial smooth muscle cells. Chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol and tamoxifen elicited differential gene expression profiles in the carotid artery. The use of transgenic mouse models targeting either whole ERα in a cell-specific manner or ERα subfunctions (membrane/extranuclear versus genomic/transcriptional) demonstrated that 17β-estradiol-induced acceleration of endothelial healing is mediated by membrane ERα in endothelial cells, while the effect of tamoxifen is mediated by the nuclear actions of ERα in smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Whereas tamoxifen acts as an antiestrogen and ERα antagonist in breast cancer but also on the membrane ERα of endothelial cells, it accelerates endothelial healing through activation of nuclear ERα in smooth muscle cells, inviting to revisit the mechanisms of action of selective modulation of ERα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Zahreddine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Morgane Davezac
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Natalia Smirnova
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Melissa Buscato
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Emeline Lhuillier
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Romain Solinhac
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Alexia Vinel
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI facility, INSERM U1083, UMR CNRS 6015, University of Angers, France (E.V., D.H.)
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute, CARFI facility, INSERM U1083, UMR CNRS 6015, University of Angers, France (E.V., D.H.)
| | - Marie-Ange Renault
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR 1034, Pessac, France (M.-A.R., A.-P.G.)
| | - Alain-Pierre Gadeau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR 1034, Pessac, France (M.-A.R., A.-P.G.)
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- University of Rennes, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - INSERM, UMR_S 1085, France (G.F.)
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- CNRS, Univeristy of Rennes, IGDR (Institut de Génétique De Rennes) - UMR 6290, France (R.M.)
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1048, University of Toulouse 3, France (R.Z., M.D., N.S., M.B., E.L., A.L., R.S., A.V., F.L., M.L., J.-F.A., C.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tunc E, Eve AA, Madak-Erdogan Z. Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Estrogen Receptor Signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:228-238. [PMID: 31787492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chest pain with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) occurs more frequently in women than in men and is mainly related to coronary microvascular disease (CMD). The majority of CMD patients are postmenopausal women, suggesting a role for lack of estrogens in the development and progression of CMD. Patients are often discharged without a clear treatment plan due to the limited understanding of etiology and diagnostic parameters of CMD and have significantly higher rates of future cardiovascular events. Thus, there is a need for a better understanding of the underlying biology, and CMD-specific diagnostic tests and therapies. In this article, we reviewed recent studies on CMD, estrogen action in coronary microvasculature, and diagnosis and treatment options for CMD in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tunc
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alicia Arredondo Eve
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gegenhuber B, Tollkuhn J. Signatures of sex: Sex differences in gene expression in the vertebrate brain. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e348. [PMID: 31106965 PMCID: PMC6864223 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women and men differ in disease prevalence, symptoms, and progression rates for many psychiatric and neurological disorders. As more preclinical studies include both sexes in experimental design, an increasing number of sex differences in physiology and behavior have been reported. In the brain, sex-typical behaviors are thought to result from sex-specific patterns of neural activity in response to the same sensory stimulus or context. These differential firing patterns likely arise as a consequence of underlying anatomic or molecular sex differences. Accordingly, gene expression in the brains of females and males has been extensively investigated, with the goal of identifying biological pathways that specify or modulate sex differences in brain function. However, there is surprisingly little consensus on sex-biased genes across studies and only a handful of robust candidates have been pursued in the follow-up experiments. Furthermore, it is not known how or when sex-biased gene expression originates, as few studies have been performed in the developing brain. Here we integrate molecular genetic and neural circuit perspectives to provide a conceptual framework of how sex differences in gene expression can arise in the brain. We detail mechanisms of gene regulation by steroid hormones, highlight landmark studies in rodents and humans, identify emerging themes, and offer recommendations for future research. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Sex Determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gegenhuber
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gegenhuber B, Tollkuhn J. Sex Differences in the Epigenome: A Cause or Consequence of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain? Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060432. [PMID: 31181654 PMCID: PMC6627918 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Females and males display differences in neural activity patterns, behavioral responses, and incidence of psychiatric and neurological diseases. Sex differences in the brain appear throughout the animal kingdom and are largely a consequence of the physiological requirements necessary for the distinct roles of the two sexes in reproduction. As with the rest of the body, gonadal steroid hormones act to specify and regulate many of these differences. It is thought that transient hormonal signaling during brain development gives rise to persistent sex differences in gene expression via an epigenetic mechanism, leading to divergent neurodevelopmental trajectories that may underlie sex differences in disease susceptibility. However, few genes with a persistent sex difference in expression have been identified, and only a handful of studies have employed genome-wide approaches to assess sex differences in epigenomic modifications. To date, there are no confirmed examples of gene regulatory elements that direct sex differences in gene expression in the brain. Here, we review foundational studies in this field, describe transcriptional mechanisms that could act downstream of hormone receptors in the brain, and suggest future approaches for identification and validation of sex-typical gene programs. We propose that sexual differentiation of the brain involves self-perpetuating transcriptional states that canalize sex-specific development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gegenhuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| | - Jessica Tollkuhn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coons LA, Burkholder AB, Hewitt SC, McDonnell DP, Korach KS. Decoding the Inversion Symmetry Underlying Transcription Factor DNA-Binding Specificity and Functionality in the Genome. iScience 2019; 15:552-591. [PMID: 31152742 PMCID: PMC6542189 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding why a transcription factor (TF) binds to a specific DNA element in the genome and whether that binding event affects transcriptional output remains a great challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that TF binding in the genome follows inversion symmetry (IS). In addition, the specific DNA elements where TFs bind in the genome are determined by internal IS within the DNA element. These DNA-binding rules quantitatively define how TFs select the appropriate regulatory targets from a large number of similar DNA elements in the genome to elicit specific transcriptional and cellular responses. Importantly, we also demonstrate that these DNA-binding rules extend to DNA elements that do not support transcriptional activity. That is, the DNA-binding rules are obeyed, but the retention time of the TF at these non-functional DNA elements is not long enough to initiate and/or maintain transcription. We further demonstrate that IS is universal within the genome. Thus, IS is the DNA code that TFs use to interact with the genome and dictates (in conjunction with known DNA sequence constraints) which of those interactions are functionally active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Coons
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buscato M, Fontaine C, Fabre A, Vinel A, Valera MC, Noirrit E, Guillaume M, Payrastre B, Métivier R, Arnal JF. The antagonist properties of Bazedoxifene after acute treatment are shifted to stimulatory action after chronic exposure in the liver but not in the uterus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:87-96. [PMID: 29183806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A promising alternative to conventional hormone therapy for postmenopausal symptoms is treatment combining Bazedoxifene (BZA), a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), and conjugated equine estrogen (CE). This combination is also known as a tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC). Understanding the tissue-specific actions of SERMs and the TSEC remains a major challenge to try to predict their clinical effects. The aim of this study was to compare acute versus chronic treatment with BZA, CE or CE + BZA in two major targets of estrogens, the uterus and the liver. In these two tissues, acute treatment with CE, but not with BZA, induced similar gene expression change than the most important endogenous estrogen, 17-β estradiol (E2). Acute induction of gene expression by E2 or by CE was antagonized by the addition of BZA. Concomitantly, BZA alone or in combination with E2 or CE induced a partial degradation of ERα protein after acute exposure. In uterus, chronic treatment of BZA alone had no impact on tissue weight gain or on epithelial cell proliferation, and also antagonized CE-effect in uterus, thereby mimicking the acute effect. By contrast, in the liver, chronic BZA and CE + BZA elicited agonistic transcriptional effects similar to those of CE alone. In addition, at variance to BZA acute effect, no change in ERα protein abundance was observed after chronic treatment in this tissue. These experimental in vivo data highlight a new aspect of the time-dependent tissue-specific action of BZA or TSEC, i.e. they can act acutely as antagonists but become agonists after chronic treatment. This shift was observed in liver tissue, but not in proliferative sex target such as the uterus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Buscato
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Vinel
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Valera
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Noirrit
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France; Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Maeva Guillaume
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Equipe SPARTE, UMR CNRS 6290, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Inserm U1048 (I2MC), CHU de Toulouse and Université Toulouse III, I2MC, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van der Weijden VA, Flöter VL, Ulbrich SE. Gestational oral low-dose estradiol-17β induces altered DNA methylation of CDKN2D and PSAT1 in embryos and adult offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7494. [PMID: 29748642 PMCID: PMC5945594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) interfere with the natural hormone balance and may induce epigenetic changes through exposure during sensitive periods of development. In this study, the effects of short-term estradiol-17β (E2) exposure on various tissues of pregnant sows (F0) and on day 10 blastocysts (F1) were assessed. Intergenerational effects were investigated in the liver of 1-year old female offspring (F1). During gestation, sows were orally exposed to two low doses and a high dose of E2 (0.05, 10, and 1000 µg/kg body weight/day). In F0, perturbed tissue specific mRNA expression of cell cycle regulation and tumour suppressor genes was found at low and high dose exposure, being most pronounced in the endometrium and corpus luteum. The liver showed the most significant DNA hypomethylation in three target genes; CDKN2D, PSAT1, and RASSF1. For CDKN2D and PSAT1, differential methylation in blastocysts was similar as observed in the F0 liver. Whereas blastocysts showed hypomethylation, the liver of 1-year old offspring showed subtle, but significant hypermethylation. We show that the level of effect of estrogenic EDC, with the periconceptual period as a sensitive time window, is at much lower concentration than currently presumed and propose epigenetics as a sensitive novel risk assessment parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika L Flöter
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland.,Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Life Science Center Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen M, Cao J, Shi H. Effects of Estrogen and Estrogen Receptors on Transcriptomes of HepG2 Cells: A Preliminary Study Using RNA Sequencing. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5789127. [PMID: 30510575 PMCID: PMC6230429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5789127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a much higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant form of liver cancer, than women, suggesting that estrogens play a protective role in liver cancer development and progression. To begin to understand the potential mechanisms of estrogens' inhibitory effects on HCC development, RNA sequencing was used to generate comprehensive global transcriptome profiles of the human HCC-derived HepG2 cell line following treatment of vehicle (control), estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor alpha- (ERα-) specific agonist 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole (PPT), or ERβ-specific agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) using a small set of cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in the biological process (BP) of response to different stimuli and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in various enzyme activities and chemical bindings. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated enhanced pathways associated with carbohydrate metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway by E2 and ER agonists. GO analysis also identified decreased expression of genes by E2, PPT, and DPN involved in BP related to the cell cycle and cell division, which reduced MF in activity of multiple enzymes and microtubule activity. KEGG analysis indicated that E2, PPT, and DPN suppressed pathways associated with the cell cycle; E2 and PPT suppressed pathways associated with chemical carcinogenesis and drug metabolism, and DPN suppressed DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Collectively, these differentially expressed genes across HepG2 cell transcriptome involving cellular and metabolic processes by E2 and ER agonists provided mechanistic insight into protective effects of estrogens in HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 700 E. High St., Oxford, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Trott AJ, Menet JS. Regulation of circadian clock transcriptional output by CLOCK:BMAL1. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007156. [PMID: 29300726 PMCID: PMC5771620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock relies on the transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 to coordinate the rhythmic expression of 15% of the transcriptome and control the daily regulation of biological functions. The recent characterization of CLOCK:BMAL1 cistrome revealed that although CLOCK:BMAL1 binds synchronously to all of its target genes, its transcriptional output is highly heterogeneous. By performing a meta-analysis of several independent genome-wide datasets, we found that the binding of other transcription factors at CLOCK:BMAL1 enhancers likely contribute to the heterogeneity of CLOCK:BMAL1 transcriptional output. While CLOCK:BMAL1 rhythmic DNA binding promotes rhythmic nucleosome removal, it is not sufficient to generate transcriptionally active enhancers as assessed by H3K27ac signal, RNA Polymerase II recruitment, and eRNA expression. Instead, the transcriptional activity of CLOCK:BMAL1 enhancers appears to rely on the activity of ubiquitously expressed transcription factors, and not tissue-specific transcription factors, recruited at nearby binding sites. The contribution of other transcription factors is exemplified by how fasting, which effects several transcription factors but not CLOCK:BMAL1, either decreases or increases the amplitude of many rhythmically expressed CLOCK:BMAL1 target genes. Together, our analysis suggests that CLOCK:BMAL1 promotes a transcriptionally permissive chromatin landscape that primes its target genes for transcription activation rather than directly activating transcription, and provides a new framework to explain how environmental or pathological conditions can reprogram the rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Trott
- Department of Biology, Program of Genetics and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Menet
- Department of Biology, Program of Genetics and Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yao G, Hu S, Yu L, Ru Y, Chen CD, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Genome-Wide Mapping of In Vivo ERα-Binding Sites in Male Mouse Efferent Ductules. Endocrinology 2017. [PMID: 28645209 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As an important nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor α (ERα), which is encoded by the Esr1 gene, regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in a stimulus-specific, temporal, and tissue-specific fashion, mainly by binding to specific DNA sequences called estrogen response elements (EREs). As an important estrogen target tissue in males, the function of the efferent ductules relies on the presence of the ERα protein, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly illustrated. In this study, genome-wide ERα-binding sites in mouse efferent ductules were mapped by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. In total, 12,105 peaks were identified, and a majority of them were located far from the annotated gene transcription start site. Motif analysis revealed that ∼80% of the ERα-binding peaks harbored at least one ERE, whereas androgen response element-like sequences were the most overrepresented motif in the peaks without any EREs. A number of candidate transcription factor motifs adjacent to the EREs were significantly enriched, including AP2 and GRE, implying the involvement of these putative adjacent factors in the global regulation of ERα target genes. Unexpectedly, more than 50% of the ERα-binding peaks in mouse efferent ductules overlapped with those binding peaks previously identified in mouse uterus, suggesting the conserved mechanism of ERα action in these two tissues. Cobinding of ERα target genes by androgen receptor was further confirmed for Slc9a3 gene, which was responsible for fluid resorption in the efferent ductules. Taken together, our study provides a useful reference set for future work aimed at exploring the mechanism of ERα action in physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanggang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlie Degui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coons LA, Hewitt SC, Burkholder AB, McDonnell DP, Korach KS. DNA Sequence Constraints Define Functionally Active Steroid Nuclear Receptor Binding Sites in Chromatin. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3212-3234. [PMID: 28977594 PMCID: PMC5659708 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory programs are encoded in the sequence of the DNA. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, millions of gene regulatory elements have been identified in the human genome. Understanding how each of those sites functionally contributes to gene regulation, however, remains a challenge for nearly every field of biology. Transcription factors influence cell function by interpreting information contained within cis-regulatory elements in chromatin. Whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing has been used to identify and map transcription factor-DNA interactions, it has been difficult to assign functionality to the binding sites identified. Thus, in this study, we probed the transcriptional activity, DNA-binding competence, and functional activity of select nuclear receptor mutants in cellular and animal model systems and used this information to define the sequence constraints of functional steroid nuclear receptor cis-regulatory elements. Analysis of the architecture within sNR chromatin interacting sites revealed that only a small fraction of all sNR chromatin-interacting events is associated with transcriptional output and that this functionality is restricted to elements that vary from the consensus palindromic elements by one or two nucleotides. These findings define the transcriptional grammar necessary to predict functionality from regulatory sequences, with a multitude of future implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Coons
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Sylvia C Hewitt
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Palierne G, Fabre A, Solinhac R, Le Péron C, Avner S, Lenfant F, Fontaine C, Salbert G, Flouriot G, Arnal JF, Métivier R. Changes in Gene Expression and Estrogen Receptor Cistrome in Mouse Liver Upon Acute E2 Treatment. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:709-32. [PMID: 27164166 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation by the estrogen receptor-α (ER) has been investigated mainly in breast cancer cell lines, but estrogens such as 17β-estradiol (E2) exert numerous extrareproductive effects, particularly in the liver, where E2 exhibits both protective metabolic and deleterious thrombotic actions. To analyze the direct and early transcriptional effects of estrogens in the liver, we determined the E2-sensitive transcriptome and ER cistrome in mice after acute administration of E2 or placebo. These analyses revealed the early induction of genes involved in lipid metabolism, which fits with the crucial role of ER in the prevention of liver steatosis. Characterization of the chromatin state of ER binding sites (BSs) in mice expressing or not ER demonstrated that ER is not required per se for the establishment and/or maintenance of chromatin modifications at the majority of its BSs. This is presumably a consequence of a strong overlap between ER and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α BSs. In contrast, 40% of the BSs of the pioneer factor forkhead box protein a (Foxa2) were dependent upon ER expression, and ER expression also affected the distribution of nucleosomes harboring dimethylated lysine 4 of Histone H3 around Foxa2 BSs. We finally show that, in addition to a network of liver-specific transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, ER might be required for proper Foxa2 function in this tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Palierne
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Aurélie Fabre
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Romain Solinhac
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Christine Le Péron
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Stéphane Avner
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Equipe Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (SP@RTE) (G.P., C.L.P., S.A., G.S., R.M.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut de Genétique et Développement de Rennes), Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, and Equipe Transcription, Environment and Cancer (TREC) (G.F.), Inserm U1085-Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, Rennes 35042 Cedex, France; and Equipe 9 "Estrogen Receptor: In Vivo Dissection and Modulation" (A.F., R.S., F.L., C.F., J.-F.A.), Inserm Unité 1048 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires), Toulouse 31432 Cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu Q, Schnitzler GR, Ueda K, Iyer LK, Diomede OI, Andrade T, Karas RH. ER Alpha Rapid Signaling Is Required for Estrogen Induced Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152807. [PMID: 27035664 PMCID: PMC4818104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which likely underlies its ability to accelerate re-endothelialization and reduce adverse remodeling after vascular injury. In previous studies, we have shown that the protective effects of E2 (the active endogenous form of estrogen) in vascular injury require the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). ERα transduces the effects of estrogen via a classical DNA binding, "genomic" signaling pathway and via a more recently-described "rapid" signaling pathway that is mediated by a subset of ERα localized to the cell membrane. However, which of these pathways mediates the effects of estrogen on endothelial cells is poorly understood. Here we identify a triple point mutant version of ERα (KRR ERα) that is specifically defective in rapid signaling, but is competent to regulate transcription through the "genomic" pathway. We find that in ECs expressing wild type ERα, E2 regulates many genes involved in cell migration and proliferation, promotes EC migration and proliferation, and also blocks the adhesion of monocytes to ECs. ECs expressing KRR mutant ERα, however, lack all of these responses. These observations establish KRR ERα as a novel tool that could greatly facilitate future studies into the vascular and non-vascular functions of ERα rapid signaling. Further, they support that rapid signaling through ERα is essential for many of the transcriptional and physiological responses of ECs to E2, and that ERα rapid signaling in ECs, in vivo, may be critical for the vasculoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gavin R. Schnitzler
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GRS); (RHK)
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lakshmanan K. Iyer
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Olga I. Diomede
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Andrade
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GRS); (RHK)
| |
Collapse
|