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Santos Musachio EA, da Silva Andrade S, Meichtry LB, Fernandes EJ, de Almeida PP, Janner DE, Dahleh MMM, Guerra GP, Prigol M. Exposure to Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S during development induces autism-like endophenotypes in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 103:107348. [PMID: 38554851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS) are being widely used by the industry with the claim of "safer substances", even with the scarcity of toxicological studies. Given the etiological gap of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environment may be a causal factor, so we investigated whether exposure to BPF and BPS during the developmental period can induce ASD-like modeling in adult flies. Drosophila melanogaster flies were exposed during development (embryonic and larval period) to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM of BPF and BPS, separately inserted into the food. When they transformed into pupae were transferred to a standard diet, ensuring that the flies (adult stage) did not have contact with bisphenols. Thus, after hatching, consolidated behavioral tests were carried out for studies with ASD-type models in flies. It was observed that 1 mM BPF and BPS caused hyperactivity (evidenced by open-field test, negative geotaxis, increased aggressiveness and reproduction of repetitive behaviors). The flies belonging to the 1 mM groups of BPF and BPS also showed reduced cognitive capacity, elucidated by the learning behavior through aversive stimulus. Within the population dynamics that flies exposed to 1 mM BPF and 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed a change in social interaction, remaining more distant from each other. Exposure to 1 mM BPF, 0.5 and 1 mM BPS increased brain size and reduced Shank immunoreactivity of adult flies. These findings complement each other and show that exposure to BPF and BPS during the development period can elucidate a model with endophenotypes similar to ASD in adult flies. Furthermore, when analyzing comparatively, BPS demonstrated a greater potential for damage when compared to BPF. Therefore, in general these data sets contradict the idea that these substances can be used freely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize A Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani da Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Pamela Piardi de Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Dieniffer Espinosa Janner
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
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Zhang L, Li G, Lin B, He H, Zhou R, Jiang W. Ascorbyl palmitate ameliorates inflammatory diseases by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111915. [PMID: 38522141 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to pathogenesis of multiple inflammation-driven human diseases. However, the medications targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are not approved for clinic use to date. Here, we show that ascorbyl palmitate (AP), a lipophilic derivative of ascorbic acid (AA) and a safe food additive, is a potent inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome. Compared with AA, AP inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome with increased potency and specificity. Mechanistically, AP directly scavenged mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) by its antioxidant activity and blocked NLRP3-NEK7 interaction and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Moreover, AP showed more significant preventive effects than AA in LPS-induced systemic inflammation, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Thus, our results suggest that AP is a potential therapeutic combating NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guoyang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bolong Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of Institute of Health and Medicine (IHM), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Musachio EAS, Pires RG, Fernandes EJ, Andrade S, Meichtry LB, Janner DE, Meira GM, Ribeiro EE, Barbisan F, da Cruz IBM, Prigol M. The Amazonian Camu-Camu Fruit Modulates the Development of Drosophila melanogaster and the Neural Function of Adult Flies under Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:102. [PMID: 38247526 PMCID: PMC11154359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is known for its antioxidant properties, although little is known about its developmental safety effects, particularly on adult neural function under basal redox and oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, this study sought to address this gap by conducting three complementary protocols using Drosophila melanogaster to investigate these effects. The initial assays revealed that second-stage larvae consumed diets supplemented with various concentrations of camu-camu uniformly, establishing a 50% lethal concentration at 4.799 mg/mL. Hence, non-lethal (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) and sub-lethal (5 and 10 mg/mL) concentrations were then chosen to evaluate the effects of camu-camu on preimaginal development and adult neural function. Our observations showed that camu-camu impacts the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reactive species, and lipoperoxidation. Notably, sub-lethal concentrations decreased preimaginal viability and locomotor activity, negatively influenced geotaxis and acetylcholinesterase activity, and increased reactive species, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activity in flies. Additionally, the protective effects of camu-camu against oxidative stress induced by iron (20 mM) were assessed. Flies supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL of camu-camu during the larval period showed improved neural viability and function, and this supplementation was found to protect against oxidative stress. These findings are instrumental in evaluating the safety and efficacy of commercial supplements based on camu-camu, offering significant insights for future research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Rafaela Garay Pires
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefani Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Dieniffer Espinosa Janner
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Graziela Moro Meira
- Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Euler Esteves Ribeiro
- Center for Research, Teaching and Technological Development-GERONTEC, Open University Foundation for the Elderly, Manaus 69029-040, AM, Brazil;
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (F.B.)
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Laboratory of Biogenomics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (G.M.M.); (F.B.)
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui 97650-000, RS, Brazil; (E.A.S.M.); (R.G.P.); (E.J.F.); (S.A.); (L.B.M.); (D.E.J.); (M.P.)
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Harej A, Macan AM, Stepanić V, Klobučar M, Pavelić K, Pavelić SK, Raić-Malić S. The Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-L-Ascorbic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194735. [PMID: 31554245 PMCID: PMC6801448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel 4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ascorbic acid (L-ASA) conjugates with hydroxyethylene spacer as well as their conformationally restricted 4,5-unsaturated analogues were synthesized as potential antioxidant and antiproliferative agents. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of novel compounds showed that the majority of the 4,5-unsaturated L-ASA derivatives showed a better antioxidant activity compared to their saturated counterparts. m-Hydroxyphenyl (7j), p-pentylphenyl (7k) and 2-hydroxyethyl (7q) substituted 4,5-unsaturated 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA derivatives exhibited very efficient and rapid (within 5 min) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity (7j, 7k: IC50 = 0.06 mM; 7q: IC50 = 0.07 mM). In vitro scavenging activity data were supported by in silico quantum-chemical modelling. Thermodynamic parameters for hydrogen-atom transfer and electron-transfer radical scavenging pathways of anions deprotonated at C2-OH or C3-OH groups of L-ASA fragments were calculated. The structure activity analysis (SAR) through principal component analysis indicated radical scavenging activity by the participation of OH group with favorable reaction parameters: the C3-OH group of saturated C4-C5(OH) derivatives and the C2-OH group of their unsaturated C4=C5 analogues. The antiproliferative evaluation showed that p-bromophenyl (4e: IC50 = 6.72 μM) and p-pentylphenyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA conjugate (4k: IC50 = 26.91 μM) had a selective cytotoxic effect on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compound 4e did not inhibit the growth of foreskin fibroblasts (IC50 > 100 μM). In MCF-7 cells treated with 4e, a significant increase of hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and decreased expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were observed, suggesting the involvement of 4e in the HIF-1α signaling pathway for its strong growth-inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Harej
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Andrijana Meščić Macan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Division of Electronics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Klobučar
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- Faculty of medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Therapeutic Perspective of Vitamin C and Its Derivatives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080247. [PMID: 31357509 PMCID: PMC6721080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Ascorbic acid (ASA), vitamin C, is a ubiquitous carbohydrate-like compound that has an essential role in a number of cellular processes, such as collagen synthesis, cellular oxidation, and various hydroxylation reactions. ASA is a biomolecule of critical importance for protection of cellular components against oxidative damage caused by toxic free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are involved in the development of various types of chronic diseases. Vitamin C has a switchover role from being an antioxidant in physiological conditions to a prooxidant under pathologic conditions. Moreover, some l-ascorbic acid derivatives exhibit strong and selective antitumor and antiviral activity. This review emphasizes the advances on diverse and potent biological profiles of l-ascorbic acid and its derivatives, and their perspective in the development of new bioactive chemical entities in the future. The work is primarily addressed at antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral potencies of l-ascorbic acid and compounds containing its butenolide structural motif.
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Insights into the chemistry and therapeutic potential of furanones: A versatile pharmacophore. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:66-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Barbier V, Couty F, David OR. Furan-2,3-diones as masked dipoles: synthesis of isotetronic acids and mechanistic considerations. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Synthesis of some substituted furan-2(5H)-ones and derived quinoxalinones as potential anti-microbial and anti-cancer agents. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chemical modification of ascorbic acid and evaluation of its lipophilic derivatives as inhibitors of secretory phospholipase A2 with anti-inflammatory activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 345:69-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weber V, Rubat C, Duroux E, Lartigue C, Madesclaire M, Coudert P. New 3- and 4-hydroxyfuranones as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4552-64. [PMID: 15908218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new furanones substituted by methylsulfonylphenyl or methylsulfamidophenyl moieties were found to protect against oxidation damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species in in vitro experiments. The effect on lipid peroxidation was also examined. In addition, we investigated the activity of products in two models of inflammation: phorbol ester-induced ear edema in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat. The most powerful compounds and with reducing activity against DPPH (IC50=1779 and 57 microM, respectively), superoxide anion quenching capacity (IC50=511 and 49 microM, respectively), lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect and anti-inflammatory properties (about 50-65% inhibition of edema at 200 mg/kg ip in both tests used) were selected for further pharmacological and toxicological tests because of their attractive profile for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Weber
- Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 28, place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
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Pillai AD, Rathod PD, Franklin PX, Padh H, Vasu KK, Sudarsanam V. Design, synthesis, and SAR studies of some 5-aliphatic oximino esters of thiophene as potential anti-inflammatory leads: comparative biological activity profile of aliphatic oximes vs aromatic oximes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 317:1067-74. [PMID: 15094377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tetra substituted thiophenes were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin induced rat paw edema model-an acute in vivo model. Compounds V1, V3, V11, V12, V17, and V18 showed good anti-inflammatory activity, indicating the importance of oxime moiety in modulating the activity. The structure-activity relationship studies explore "the aliphatic oxime esters" attached via a ketone bridge to fifth position of the thiophene, and indicate that this feature may enhance the anti-inflammatory activity as compared to aromatic oximes. Since free radicals are implicated in various inflammatory disorders, the free radical scavenging activity of some of the synthesized candidates was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl assay. The oxime containing analogs exhibited weak to moderate activity as free radical scavengers in DPPH assay. A plausible reasoning for its free radical scavenging ability is discussed. All the compounds were also screened in nitro blue tetrazolium model, to assess them as superoxide anion radical scavengers. A direct correlation between anti-inflammatory activity and free radical scavenging activity was not seen. The results disclose a new class of anti-inflammatory agents designed and synthesized for the first time wherein the utility of aliphatic oxime esters in modulating the anti-inflammatory activity profile is apparent. This will give us potential anti-inflammatory leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay D Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Mathikere, Bangalore 560 054, Karnataka, India
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Cotelle P, Cotelle N, Teissier E, Vezin H. Synthesis and antioxidant properties of a new lipophilic ascorbic acid analogue. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1087-93. [PMID: 12614896 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenylmethyl)-2-hydroxyfurane-2-one 1 was prepared by an acidic dimerisation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and some of its antioxidant and spectroscopic properties have been measured and compared to that of ascorbic acid. 1 is as good an antioxidant as ascorbic acid in the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical) test and the inhibition of hydroxyl radical and a powerful inhibitor of the Cu(2+) or AAPH (2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) induced oxidation of human LDL. 1 gives a stable radical characterised by its ESR spectrum similarly to ascorbic acid but in lower concentration and with a different reactivity towards nitroxides. Theoretical calculations allow us to propose the structure for the radical formed from 1, to explain its lower stability than ascorbyl radical and to evaluate the lipophilicity of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Macromoléculaire, UPRESA CNRS 8009, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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