1
|
Khalvati B, Sheikhsaran F, Sharifzadeh S, Kalantari T, Behzad Behbahani A, Jamshidzadeh A, Dehshahri A. Delivery of plasmid encoding interleukin-12 gene into hepatocytes by conjugated polyethylenimine-based nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1036-1044. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1202256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khalvati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhsaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kalantari
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bråve A, Gudmundsdotter L, Sandström E, Haller BK, Hallengärd D, Maltais AK, King AD, Stout RR, Blomberg P, Höglund U, Hejdeman B, Biberfeld G, Wahren B. Biodistribution, persistence and lack of integration of a multigene HIV vaccine delivered by needle-free intradermal injection and electroporation. Vaccine 2010; 28:8203-9. [PMID: 20951666 PMCID: PMC7126493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is likely that gene-based vaccines will enter the human vaccine area soon. A few veterinary vaccines employing this concept have already been licensed, and a multitude of clinical trials against infectious diseases or different forms of cancer are ongoing. Highly important when developing novel vaccines are the safety aspects and also new adjuvants and delivery techniques needs to be carefully investigated so that they meet all short- and long-term safety requirements. One novel in vivo delivery method for plasmid vaccines is electroporation, which is the application of short pulses of electric current immediately after, and at the site of, an injection of a genetic vaccine. This method has been shown to significantly augment the transfection efficacy and the subsequent vaccine-specific immune responses. However, the dramatic increase in delivery efficacy offered by electroporation has raised concerns of potential increase in the risk of integration of plasmid DNA into the host genome. Here, we demonstrate the safety and lack of integration after immunization with a high dose of a multigene HIV-1 vaccine delivered intradermally using the needle free device Biojector 2000 together with electroporation using Derma Vax™ DNA Vaccine Skin Delivery System. We demonstrate that plasmids persist in the skin at the site of injection for at least four months after immunization. However, no association between plasmid DNA and genomic DNA could be detected as analyzed by qPCR following field inversion gel electrophoresis separating heavy and light DNA fractions. We will shortly initiate a phase I clinical trial in which healthy volunteers will be immunized with this multiplasmid HIV-1 vaccine using a combination of the delivery methods jet-injection and intradermal electroporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bråve
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun JC, Liang XT, Pan K, Wang H, Zhao JJ, Li JJ, Ma HQ, Chen YB, Xia JC. High expression level of EDIL3 in HCC predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4611-5. [PMID: 20857535 PMCID: PMC2945496 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i36.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the role of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3 (EDIL3) in pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by investigating the EDIL3 expression in HCC and its prognostic value for HCC.
METHODS: EDIL3 expression was detected in 101 HCC surgical tissue samples with immunohistochemistry method, and its relation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of HCC patients was analyzed.
RESULTS: EDIL3 was highly expressed in 48.5% of the HCC patients. Although the EDIL3 expression level did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression level of EDIL3 resulted in a significantly poor prognosis of HCC patients (log-rank test, P = 0.010). Multivariate Cox’s analysis showed that the EDIL3 expression level was a significant and independent prognostic parameter for the overall survival rate of HCC patients (hazard ratio = 1.978, 95% confidence interval = 1.139-3.435, P = 0.015).
CONCLUSION: High expression level of EDIL3 predicts poor prognosis of HCC patients. EDIL3 may be a potential target of antiangiogenic therapy for HCC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gene doping detection: evaluation of approach for direct detection of gene transfer using erythropoietin as a model system. Gene Ther 2010; 17:1022-32. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
5
|
Jones DS, Muldoon BC, Woolfson A, Andrews GP, McCoy CP, Sanderson F. Moisture‐activated rheological structuring of nonaqueous poloxamine–poly(acrylic acid) systems designed as novel biomedical implants. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1838-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Gene doping abuses the legitimate approach of gene therapy. While gene therapy aims to correct genetic disorders by introducing a foreign gene to replace an existing faulty one or by manipulating existing gene(s) to achieve a therapeutic benefit, gene doping employs the same concepts to bestow performance advantages on athletes over their competitors. Recent developments in genetic engineering have contributed significantly to the progress of gene therapy research and currently numerous clinical trials are underway. Some athletes and their staff are probably watching this progress closely. Any gene that plays a role in muscle development, oxygen delivery to tissues, neuromuscular coordination, or even pain control is considered a candidate for gene dopers. Unfortunately, detecting gene doping is technically very difficult because the transgenic proteins expressed by the introduced genes are similar to their endogenous counterparts. Researchers today are racing the clock because assuring the continued integrity of sports competition depends on their ability to develop effective detection strategies in preparation for the 2012 Olympics, which may mark the appearance of genetically modified athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, SSE # 1194, AUC Avenue, 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fewell JG, Matar MM, Rice JS, Brunhoeber E, Slobodkin G, Pence C, Worker M, Lewis DH, Anwer K. Treatment of disseminated ovarian cancer using nonviral interleukin-12 gene therapy delivered intraperitoneally. J Gene Med 2009; 11:718-28. [PMID: 19507172 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor prognosis associated with ovarian cancer is primarily the result of delayed diagnosis and the lack of an effective treatment for advanced disease. Use of novel immunotherapy strategies are being evaluated that work to enhance local and systemic immune responses against cancer cells and can possibly work together with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens to produce more effective treatment options. METHODS In the present study, we describe a gene-based therapy whereby the anticancer cytokine interleukin-12 gene (pmIL-12) is formulated with a synthetic polymeric delivery vehicle (PPC) and administered intraperitoneally into a mouse model of disseminated ovarian cancer. RESULTS The administration of pmIL-12/PPC in tumor-bearing mice was associated with a shift towards a Th1 immune state, including significant increases in murine IL-12 (mIL-12) and interferon (IFN)-gamma (mIFN-gamma) in ascites fluid, with little change in systemic levels of these proteins. The mIL-12 protein was detectable for several days and could be reintroduced with subsequent injections. We show that treatment delayed the onset of ascites formation and improved survival in a dose-dependent manner. A significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor was associated with pmIL-12/PPC delivery and believed to play a predominant role in inhibiting ascites accumulation. Administration of pmIL-12/PPC was associated with minimal toxicity and, when combined with standard chemotherapies, resulted in additive improvement in survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that pmIL-12/PPC may be an effective strategy for inhibiting progression of disseminated ovarian cancer and may offer a new option for treatment of advanced disease that can be used to complement standard therapies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bacardí D, Amador-Cañizares Y, Cosme K, Urquiza D, Suárez J, Marante J, Viña A, Vázquez A, Concepción J, Pupo M, Aldana L, Soria Y, Romero J, Madrigal R, Martínez L, Hernández L, González I, Dueñas-Carrera S. Toxicology and biodistribution study of CIGB-230, a DNA vaccine against hepatitis C virus. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28:479-91. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327109106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CIGB-230, a mixture of a DNA plasmid expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural antigens and a HCV recombinant capsid protein, has demonstrated to elicit strong immune responses in animals. The present study evaluated the plasmid biodistribution after the administration of CIGB-230 in mice, as well as toxicity of this vaccine candidate in rats. In the biodistribution study, mice received single or repeated intramuscular injections of CIGB-230, 50 μg of plasmid DNA mixed with 5 μg of Co.120 protein. Plasmid presence was assessed in ovaries, kidney, liver, pancreas, mesenteric ganglion, blood, and muscle of the injection site by a qualitative polymerase chain reaction. The toxicology evaluation included treatment groups receiving doses 5, 15, or 50 times higher, according to the body weight, than the expected therapeutic clinical dose. During the first hour after repeated inoculation, a promiscuous distribution was observed. However, 3 months later, plasmid could not be detected in any tissue. There was an absence of detectable adverse effects on key toxicology parameters and no damage evidenced in inspected organs and tissues. These results indicate that CIGB-230 is nontoxic at local and systemic levels and no concerns about persistence are observed, which support clinical testing of this vaccine candidate against HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Bacardí
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba,
| | | | - Karelia Cosme
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dioslaida Urquiza
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - José Suárez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jeny Marante
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ariel Viña
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ariel Vázquez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Joel Concepción
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maylín Pupo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lizet Aldana
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yordanka Soria
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Juan Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Madrigal
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leticia Martínez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lourdes Hernández
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Idania González
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cubanacán, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orság P, Kvardová V, Raska M, Miller AD, Ledvina M, Turánek J. Quantitative real-time PCR study on persistence of pDNA vaccine pVax-Hsp60 TM814 in beef muscles. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2008; 6:11. [PMID: 18761754 PMCID: PMC2542361 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Application of plasmid DNA for immunization of food-producing animals established new standards of food safety. The addition of foreign products e.g. pDNA into the food chain should be carefully examined to ensure that neither livestock animals nor consumers develop unpredicted or undesirable side-effects. Methods A quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR) methodology was developed to study the biodistribution and persistence of plasmid DNA vaccine pDNAX (pVAX-Hsp60 TM814) in mice and beef cattle. The linear quantification range and the sensitivity of the method was found to be 10 – 109 copies per reaction (500 ng/gDNA) and 3 copies per reaction, respectively. Results Persistence of pDNAX in mice muscle tissue was restricted to injection site and the amount of pDNAX showed delivery formulation dependent (naked pDNA, electroporation, cationic liposome complexes) and mouse age-dependent clearance form injection site but pDNAX was still detectable even after 365 days. The QRTPCR analysis of various muscle tissue samples of vaccinated beef bulls performed 242–292 days after the last revaccination proved that residual pDNAX was found only in the injection site. The highest plasmid levels (up to 290 copies per reaction) were detected in the pDNAX:CDAN/DOPE group similarly to mice model. No pDNA was detected in the samples from distant muscles and draining lymph nodes. Conclusion Quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR) assay was developed to assess the residual pDNA vaccine pVAX-Hsp60 TM814 in mice and beef cattle. In beef cattle, ultra low residual level of pDNA vaccine was only found at the injection site. According to rough estimation, consumption of muscles from the injection site represents almost an undetectable intake of pDNA (400 fg/g muscle tissue) for consumers. Residual plasmid in native state will hardly be found at measurable level following further meat processing. This study brings supportive data for animal and food safety and hence for further approval of pDNA vaccine field trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Orság
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tonheim TC, Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. What happens to the DNA vaccine in fish? A review of current knowledge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:1-18. [PMID: 18448358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of DNA vaccines, a bacterial plasmid DNA containing a construct for a given protective antigen, is to establish specific and long-lasting protective immunity against diseases where conventional vaccines fail to induce protection. It is acknowledged that less effort has been made to study the fate, in terms of cellular uptake, persistence and degradation, of DNA vaccines after in vivo administration. However, during the last year some papers have given new insights into the fate of DNA vaccines in fish. By comparing the newly acquired information in fish with similar knowledge from studies in mammals, similarities with regard to transport, blood clearance, cellular uptake and degradation of DNA vaccines have been found. But the amount of DNA vaccine redistributed from the administration site after intramuscular administration seems to differ between fish and mammals. This review presents up-to-date and in-depth knowledge concerning the fate of DNA vaccines with emphasis on tissue distribution, cellular uptake and uptake mechanism(s) before finally describing the intracellular hurdles that DNA vaccines need to overcome in order to produce their gene product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Christian Tonheim
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
A safety and efficacy study of local delivery of interleukin-12 transgene by PPC polymer in a model of experimental glioma. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:133-42. [PMID: 18176109 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282f24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) triggers an antitumoral immune response and an antiangiogenic effect against cancer. In this study, we tested a novel polymeric vehicle for IL-12 gene therapy along with adjuvant local biodegradable carmustine (BCNU) chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant glioma. Highly concentrated DNA/PPC (polyethylenimine covalently modified with methoxypolyethyleneglycol and cholesterol) complexes were used to deliver a murine plasmid encoding IL-12 (pmIL-12). For toxicity assessment, mice received intracranial injections with different volumes of pmIL-12/PPC. For efficacy, mice with intracranial GL261 glioma were treated with local delivery of pmIL-12/PPC and/or BCNU-containing polymers. Intracranial injections of 5-10 microl of pmIL-12/PPC were well tolerated and led to IL-12 expression in the brains of treated animals. Treatment with pmIL-12/PPC led to a significant increase in survival compared with untreated mice (median survival 57 days; 25% long-term survival >95 vs. 45 days for control; P<0.05). Treatment with BCNU led to a significant increase in survival compared with untreated mice, with 75% of treated mice having a long-term survival >95 days, (P<0.05). Most importantly, the combination of BCNU and pmIL-12/PPC led to a survival of 100% of the mice for 95 days after treatment (P<0.0001). This novel strategy is safe and effective for the treatment of malignant glioma. The synergy resultant from the combination of locally administered pmIL-12/PPC and BCNU suggests a role for this approach in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
Collapse
|
12
|
Baoutina A, Alexander IE, Rasko JEJ, Emslie KR. Developing strategies for detection of gene doping. J Gene Med 2007; 10:3-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Vilalta A, Mahajan RK, Hartikka J, Rusalov D, Martin T, Bozoukova V, Leamy V, Hall K, Lalor P, Rolland A, Kaslow DC. I. Poloxamer-Formulated Plasmid DNA-Based Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine: Evaluation of Plasmid DNA Biodistribution/Persistence and Integration. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:1143-50. [PMID: 16218775 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies were conducted in mice and rabbits to evaluate biodistribution/persistence and potential integration of plasmid DNA (pDNA) after intramuscular administration of a poloxamer-formulated pDNAbased vaccine, VCL-CT01, encoding gB, pp65, and IE1 human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immunogens. Tissue distribution in mice vaccinated with VCL-CT01 was compared with that in mice vaccinated with a phosphate- buffered saline (PBS)-formulated control pDNA vaccine. Residual pDNA copy number (PCN), in selected tissues collected on days 3, 30, and 60 after vaccination, was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In VCL-CT01-vaccinated mice and in control pDNA-vaccinated mice, pDNA was below the limit of detection by day 60 in all tissues except the injection site. Clearance of pDNA from the injection site was slower in VCL-CT01-vaccinated mice compared with PBS-pDNA-vaccinated mice. An integration study was conducted in rabbits to determine whether pDNA integration into the genome of the vaccinated animal contributed to pDNA persistence. Residual pDNA in VCL-CT01-injected rabbit muscle collected 60 days after vaccination (geometric mean of 1085 PCN/microg total DNA) was comparable to that observed in VCL-CT01- injected mouse muscle (geometric mean of 1471 PCN/microg total DNA) collected at the same time point. pDNA integration was not detectable by column agarose gel electrophoresis despite the persistence of pDNA at the injection site 60 days after vaccination. Therefore the risk of genomic integration of hCMV pDNA formulated with poloxamer was considered negligible.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vilalta A, Mahajan RK, Hartikka J, Rusalov D, Martin T, Bozoukova V, Leamy V, Hall K, Lalor P, Rolland A, Kaslow DC. I. Poloxamer-Formulated Plasmid DNA-Based Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine: Evaluation of Plasmid DNA Biodistribution/Persistence and Integration. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Kolka JA, Vreede AP, Roessler BJ. Lipopolysaccharide recognition protein, MD-2, facilitates cellular uptake of E. coli-derived plasmid DNA in synovium. J Gene Med 2005; 7:956-64. [PMID: 15772934 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cell types are susceptible to transfection in vivo using naked plasmid DNA. The mechanisms involved in mediating in vivo transfection are incompletely known, but evidence suggests that receptor-mediated endocytosis is important for specific types of cells. In this study we tested the hypothesis that residual Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) forms a non-covalent complex with expression plasmid DNA, and host-cell-derived soluble LPS-binding proteins bind to the DNA-LPS complexes in order to facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis. METHODS Cells from the murine synovial lining were used as an in vivo model system and in vivo luciferase imaging was used to quantify levels of transgene expression. Using a series of gene-deleted mice, the roles of LPS recognition complex proteins, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CD14 and MD-2, in the process of in vivo transfection were determined. RESULTS Luciferase expression assays revealed that mice lacking LBP or CD14 had increased luciferase expression (p < 0.023 and < 0.165, respectively), while mice deleted of MD-2 had significant reductions in luciferase expression (p < 0.001). Gene deletion of hyaluronic acid binding protein CD44 was used as a control and had no statistically significant effect on transgene expression in vivo. In muscle tissue, where neither cell surface nor soluble MD-2 is expressed, no MD-2 dependence of plasmid transfection was identified, suggesting the role of MD-2 is tissue or cell type specific. Additionally, depleting mice of macrophages showed that luciferase expression is occurring within fibroblast-like synoviocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a physical association between LPS and E. coli-derived plasmid DNA, and that in vivo transfection of fibroblast-like synoviocytes is dependent on the soluble form of the LPS-binding protein MD-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A Kolka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 3560 MSRB 2, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0688, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vilalta A, Mahajan RK, Hartikka J, Rusalov D, Martin T, Bozoukova V, Leamy V, Hall K, Lalor P, Rolland A, Kaslow DC. I. Poloxamer-Formulated Plasmid DNA-Based Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine: Evaluation of Plasmid DNA Biodistribution/Persistence and Integration. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
17
|
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the term widely used to describe the progressive loss of muscle mass with advancing age. Even before significant muscle wasting becomes apparent, ageing is associated with a slowing of movement and a gradual decline in muscle strength, factors that increase the risk of injury from sudden falls and the reliance of the frail elderly on assistance in accomplishing even basic tasks of independent living. Sarcopenia is recognised as one of the major public health problems now facing industrialised nations, and its effects are expected to place increasing demands on public healthcare systems worldwide. Although the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle are unlikely to be halted or reversed, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these deleterious changes present numerous targets for drug discovery with potential opportunities to attenuate muscle wasting, improve muscle function, and preserve functional independence. Very few drugs have been developed with sarcopenia specifically in mind. However, because many of the effects of ageing on skeletal muscle resemble those indicated in many neuromuscular disorders, drugs that target neurodegenerative diseases may also have important relevance for treating age-related muscle wasting and weakness. This review describes a selection of the emerging drugs that have been developed during the period 1997 - 2004, relevant to sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Lynch
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Manthorpe M, Hobart P, Hermanson G, Ferrari M, Geall A, Goff B, Rolland A. Plasmid vaccines and therapeutics: from design to applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005; 99:41-92. [PMID: 16568888 DOI: 10.1007/10_003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1980s, Vical and collaborators discovered that the injection into tissues of unformulated plasmid encoding various proteins resulted in the uptake of the plasmid by cells and expression of the encoded proteins. After this discovery, a period of technological improvements in plasmid delivery and expression and in pharmaceutical and manufacturing development was quickly followed by a plethora of human clinical trials testing the ability of injected plasmid to provide therapeutic benefits. In this chapter, we summarize in detail the technologies used in the most recent company-sponsored clinical trials and discuss the potential for future improvements in plasmid design, manufacturing, delivery, formulation and administration. A generic path for the clinical development of plasmid-based products is outlined and then exemplified using a case study on the development of a plasmid vaccine from concept to clinical trial.
Collapse
|