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Chen X, Zhang J, Wang R, Liu H, Bao C, Wu S, Wen J, Yang T, Wei Y, Ren S, Tong Y, Zhao Y. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-Based Serum and Urine Metabonomics Study on the Ameliorative Effects of Palmatine on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586954. [PMID: 33041831 PMCID: PMC7522567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of Palmatine (Pal) on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) Method Body function, serum biochemical indicators and histopathology were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of Pal on CAG rats. The target genes expression levels were verified and assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis based on urine and serum was performed to identify the potential metabolites in the pathological process of CAG induced by H. pylori. Metabolic pathway analysis was performed to elucidate the metabolic network associated with Pal treatment of CAG. Results Pal (10, 20, 40 mg/kg/day) significantly restored the body function of CAG rats, reduced the serum biochemical indicators, and maintained the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelial barrier while alleviated gastric histological damage. Metabolomics analysis shows that the therapeutic effect of Pal on CAG involves 10 metabolites and 10 metabolic pathways, of which the Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions are closely related to the gastrointestinal protection of Pal, and these metabolic pathways crosstalk with each other due to the internet hub of citric acid cycle. Conclusions Metabolomics was used for the first time to identify potential biomarkers of CAG and to illuminate the therapeutic mechanism of Pal on CAG induced by H. pylori. The results provided a new insight for further research on CAG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bao
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sichen Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Ye LH, Wang B, Zheng H, Cao J. Electrochemical microreactor combined with mass spectrometry for online oxidation and real-time detection of alkaloids. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3969-3981. [PMID: 32823375 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the prototypes and oxidation products of alkaloids with the use of an online electrochemistry/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. The metabolism of oxidative phase I and II was simulated in an electrochemical reaction cell. The metabolic processes for coptisine and jatrorrhizine were simulated in a thin-layer cell fitted with a glassy carbon working electrode, while the metabolic processes for berberine and palmatine were simulated by using a boron-doped diamond working electrode. By using the new experimental system, dehydrogenation, demethylation, methylation, hydroxylation, and the formation of two hydroxylation adducts were detected by applying different potentials to the electrochemical cell. The online reaction with glutathione yielded different covalent glutathione adducts. The results obtained from the electrochemical simulation were found to be in good accordance with those reported previously in vivo, showing that electrochemistry/mass spectrometry is an effective tool for studying metabolic reactions for various complex components. Moreover, analysis of alkaloids in liver microsomes by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry confirmed the possibility of using an electrochemistry technique to simulate the metabolism of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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3
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Chen X, Wang R, Bao C, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li R, Wu S, Wen J, Yang T, Wei S, Li H, Wei Y, Ren S, Zhao Y. Palmatine ameliorates Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting MMP-10 through ADAM17/EGFR. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173267. [PMID: 32569674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Palmatine (Pal), a plant-based isoquinoline alkaloid, was initially isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CR, Huanglian in Chinese) and considered to be a potential non-antibiotic therapeutic agent that can safely and effectively improve Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induced chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored the protective effect of Pal on H. pylori induced CAG in vivo and in vitro. As a result, Pal alleviated the histological damage of gastric mucosa and the morphological changes of gastric epithelial cell (GES-1) caused by H. pylori. Furthermore, Pal significantly inhibited the expression of EGFR-activated ligand genes, including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and the proinflammatory factors, such as chemokine 16 (CXCL-16) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), were suppressed. In addition, Pal attenuated inflammatory infiltration of CD8+ T cells while promoted Reg3a expression to enhance host defense. Taken together, we concluded that Pal attenuated the MMP-10 dependent inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa by blocking ADAM17/EGFR signaling, which contributed to its gastrointestinal protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chunmei Bao
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Juling Zhang
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jianxian Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Sichen Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Pei J, Fu B, Jiang L, Sun T. Biosynthesis, characterization, and anticancer effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Coptis chinensis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1969-1978. [PMID: 30936697 PMCID: PMC6421896 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s188235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tremendous growth in nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in fundamental and applied aspects, including the synthesis of nanoscale matter and understanding/utilizing its exotic physicochemical and optoelectronic properties. Green-synthesis methods employing either biological microorganisms or plant extracts have emerged as a simple and alternative to chemical synthesis. Methods In our present study, we aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with an aqueous extract of Coptis chinensis (CC) using a suitable ecofriendly green-synthesis way. Results In our results, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy revealed a near-absorbance peak at 450 nm, which confirmed the AgNP synthesis. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was revealed with X-ray diffraction. Transmission electron-microscopy analysis showed spherically dispersed nanoparticles of 6–45 nm diameter. We analyzed the elementary mechanism across A549 lung carcinoma cells ahead of treatment with doses of CC-AgNPs (10 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL). The antiproliferative effect of CC-AgNPs revealed a significant decline in cell viability. Antibacterial assays with both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria exhibited a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Conclusion Furthermore, CC-AgNPs regulated apoptosis using the intrinsic pathway to inhibit A549-cell proliferation. Proliferation migration and invasion were notably inhibited by CC-AgNPs, which promoted apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells by regulating the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Pei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Binfan Fu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
| | - Taizhen Sun
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China,
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5
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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6
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Wang J, Ran Q, Zeng HR, Wang L, Hu CJ, Huang QW. Cellular stress response mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis: a systematic review. Chin Med 2018; 13:27. [PMID: 29930696 PMCID: PMC5992750 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis has been used in China for thousands of years with the functions of heating dampness and purging fire detoxification. But the underlying molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis are still far from being fully elucidated. Alkaloids, especially berberine, coptisine and palmatine, are responsible for multiple pharmacological effects of Rhizoma coptidis. In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K–Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. Then we summarized the mechanisms of these alkaloid components of Rhizoma coptidis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetic complications. Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K–Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Hai-Rong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 China
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7
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Yang C, Guo F, Zang C, Li C, Cao H, Zhang B. The Effect of Ginger Juice Processing on the Chemical Profiles of Rhizoma coptidis. Molecules 2018; 23:E380. [PMID: 29439421 PMCID: PMC6017751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma coptidis (RC) has been used as an herbal medicine in China for over one thousand years, and it was subjected to specific processing before use as materia medica. Processing is a pharmaceutical technique that aims to enhance the efficacy and/or reduce the toxicity of crude drugs according to traditional Chinese medicine theory. In this study, the chemical profiles of RC, ginger juice processed RC (GRC), and water processed RC (WRC) was determined to reveal the mechanism of processing of RC. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of methanol extract of RC, GRC, and WRC has been conducted to investigate the effect of processing on the composition of RC. HPLC-PDA was used to determine the variance of total alkaloids and seven alkaloids of RC during the processing. The volatiles of RC, GRC and ginger juice were separated by distillation, the change of volatiles content was recorded and analyzed, and the qualitative analysis of the volatiles was carried out using GC-MS. The microstructures of RC, GRC and WRC were observed using a light microscope. Results showed that ginger juice/water processing had limited influence on the composition of RC's methanol extract, but significant influence on the content of some alkaloids in RC. Ginger juice processing significantly increased (p < 0.05) the volatiles content of RC and changed the volatiles composition obviously. Processing also had an influence on the microstructure of RC. This research comprehensively revealed the mechanism of ginger juice processing of RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Fengqian Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Chen Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Baoxian Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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8
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Dang X, He Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Li JL, Zhou XL, Jiang H, Li J. Rh( iii)-catalyzed synthesis of tetracyclic isoquinolinium salts via C–H activation and [4+2] annulation of 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and alkynes in ethanol. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30050-30054. [PMID: 35547300 PMCID: PMC9085511 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and convenient method to construct tetracyclic isoquinolinium salts via [Cp*RhCl2]2 catalyzed C–H activation and [4 + 2] annulation reactions in ethanol is described. This reaction is very fast and highly efficient in the green solvent ethanol. The reaction works with a broad substrate scope affording the products in good to excellent yields in a short time. Moreover, a ratio of S/C up to 10 000 could be achieved with gram scale synthesis. An efficient method to construct tetracyclic isoquinolinium salts via C–H activation and [4 + 2] annulation reactions in ethanol is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Dang
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Yu He
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Yingtian Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics
- Chengdu University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Hezhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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9
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Xu Z, Feng W, Shen Q, Yu N, Yu K, Wang S, Chen Z, Shioda S, Guo Y. Rhizoma Coptidis and Berberine as a Natural Drug to Combat Aging and Aging-Related Diseases via Anti-Oxidation and AMPK Activation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:760-777. [PMID: 29344415 PMCID: PMC5758350 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for human diseases, as it results in cellular growth arrest, impaired tissue function and metabolism, ultimately impacting life span. Two different mechanisms are thought to be primary causes of aging. One is cumulative DNA damage induced by a perpetuating cycle of oxidative stress; the other is nutrient-sensing adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and rapamycin (mTOR)/ ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) pathways. As the main bioactive component of natural Chinese medicine rhizoma coptidis (RC), berberine has recently been reported to expand life span in Drosophila melanogaster, and attenuate premature cellular senescence. Most components of RC including berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine have been found to have beneficial effects on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension aging-related diseases. The mechanism of these effects involves multiple cellular kinase and signaling pathways, including anti-oxidation, activation of AMPK signaling and its downstream targets, including mTOR/rpS6, Sirtuin1/ forkhead box transcription factor O3 (FOXO3), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Most of these mechanisms converge on AMPK regulation on mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, such evidence supports the possibility that rhizoma coptidis, in particular berberine, is a promising anti-aging natural product, and has pharmaceutical potential in combating aging-related diseases via anti-oxidation and AMPK cellular kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Xu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wei Feng
- 3South Branch of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Qian Shen
- 4Dongfang hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Nannan Yu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Kun Yu
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- 4Dongfang hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Seiji Shioda
- 5Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yi Guo
- 1Acu-moxibustion and Tuina Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Acupuncture Research Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Dai SY, Xu B, Zhang Y, Li JY, Sun F, Shi XY, Qiao YJ. Establishment and reliability evaluation of the design space for HPLC analysis of six alkaloids in Coptis chinensis (Huanglian) using Bayesian approach. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:697-708. [PMID: 27667516 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coptis chinensis (Huanglian) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb and alkaloids are the most important chemical constituents in it. In the present study, an isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method allowing the separation of six alkaloids in Huanglian was for the first time developed under the quality by design (QbD) principles. First, five chromatographic parameters were identified to construct a Plackett-Burman experimental design. The critical resolution, analysis time, and peak width were responses modeled by multivariate linear regression. The results showed that the percentage of acetonitrile, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and concentration of potassium phosphate monobasic were statistically significant parameters (P < 0.05). Then, the Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to further evaluate the interactions between the three parameters on selected responses. Full quadratic models were built and used to establish the analytical design space. Moreover, the reliability of design space was estimated by the Bayesian posterior predictive distribution. The optimal separation was predicted at 40% acetonitrile, 1.7 g·mL(-1) of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.03 mol·mL(-1) of potassium phosphate monobasic. Finally, the accuracy profile methodology was used to validate the established HPLC method. The results demonstrated that the QbD concept could be efficiently used to develop a robust RP-HPLC analytical method for Huanglian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yun Dai
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technologies for Chinese Medicine Production and New Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian-Yu Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Shi
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technologies for Chinese Medicine Production and New Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Qiao
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technologies for Chinese Medicine Production and New Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China.
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11
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Regulation of miRNAs by herbal medicine: An emerging field in cancer therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:262-270. [PMID: 28006752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs' expression profiles have recently gained major attention as far as cancer research is concerned. MicroRNAs are able to inhibit target gene expression via binding to the 3' UTR of target mRNA, resulting in target mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs play significant parts in a myriad of biological processes; studies have proven, on the other hand, that aberrant microRNA expression is, more often than not, associated with the growth and progression of cancers. MicroRNAs could act as oncogenes (oncomir) or tumor suppressors and can also be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that such herbal extracts as Shikonin, Sinomenium acutum, curcumin, Olea europaea, ginseng, and Coptidis Rhizoma could alter microRNA expression profiles through inhibiting cancer cell development, activating the apoptosis pathway, or increasing the efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutics. Such findings patently suggest that the novel specific targeting of microRNAs by herbal extracts could complete the restriction of tumors by killing the cancerous cells so as to recover survival results in patients diagnosed with malignancies. In this review, we summarized the current research about microRNA biogenesis, microRNAs in cancer, herbal compounds with anti-cancer effects and novel strategies for employing herbal extracts in order to target microRNAs for a better treatment of patients diagnosed with cancer.
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Ma H, Hu Y, Zou Z, Feng M, Ye X, Li X. Antihyperglycemia and Antihyperlipidemia Effect of Protoberberine Alkaloids From Rhizoma Coptidis in HepG2 Cell and Diabetic KK-Ay Mice. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:163-70. [PMID: 27045983 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), the root of Coptis chinensis Franch, a species in the genus Coptis (family Ranunculaceae), has been commonly prescribed for the treatment of diabetes in Chinese traditional herbal medicine applications. The present study is focused on the assessment of the antihyperglycemia and antidiabetic hyperlipidemia effect of five protoberberine alkaloids, berberine (BBR), coptisine (COP), palmatine (PAL), epiberberine (EPI), and jatrorrhizine (JAT), separated from R. Coptidis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and diabetic KK-Ay mice. Protoberberine alkaloids are effective in modulating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. After adding BBR and COP to culture medium, glucose consumption of HepG2 cells was increased. In KK-Ay mice assays, suppressed fasting blood glucose level and ameliorated glucose tolerance were observed after BBR/COP administration. After treated with berberine and coptisine, in the same dose of 5 µg/mL, the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells were promoted and, respectively, reached 96.1% and 17.6%. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, and urinary output of KK-Ay mice were reduced after treated with EPI. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of mice were decreased after treated with palmatine and jatrorrhizine. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice was increased after palmatine, jatrorrhizine, and berberine administrated. Moreover, hepatomegaly was attenuated in JTR-treated mice. Suggested that these protoberberine alkaloids from R. Coptidis have potential curative effect for diabetes. Drug Dev Res 77 : 163-170, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yinran Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zongyao Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
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Zou ZY, Hu YR, Ma H, Feng M, Li XG, Ye XL. Epiberberine reduces serum cholesterol in diet-induced dyslipidemia Syrian golden hamsters via network pathways involving cholesterol metabolism. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 774:1-9. [PMID: 26593426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effect of epiberberine in dyslipidemia Syrian golden hamsters induced by high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) diet and its regulation mechanism on some key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Hamsters were divided into six groups: normal control group (NC), HFHC group, simvastatin (Sim) and three doses of epiberberine group. The body weight, organs weight and serum lipid levels, as well as total cholesterol (TC) and total bile acids (TBA) levels in liver and feces were determined. Furthermore, the antidyslipidemia effect of epiberberine on key genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, conversion and elimination such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL receptor), 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) were investigated. The results showed that epiberberine at high dosage significantly reduced serum TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and TBA levels by 20.2%, 22.3% and 43.8%, respectively, and increased TBA and TC levels in feces. Epiberberine inhibited HMGCR mRNA and protein expressions and slightly reduced the protein level of ASBT, as well as dramatically up-regulated mRNA and protein expressions of CYP7A1 and LDL receptor. These findings suggested that the antidyslipidemia effects of epiberberine can be achieved via inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol, promoting the uptake and conversion of TC in liver and increasing the excretion of TC and TBA in feces. Thus, epiberberine should be considered as one of the promising natural drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yao Zou
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yin-Ran Hu
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China; College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xue-Gang Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Ye
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Effect of Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian) on Treating Diabetes Mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:921416. [PMID: 26508987 PMCID: PMC4609856 DOI: 10.1155/2015/921416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue globally; considerable progress has been made in the field of western hypoglycemic drug and insulin, but some shortages still exist. As one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) performs a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the treatment of DM. TCM therapy has certain advantages of less toxicity and/or side effects, and Chinese herbal medicine which usually contains various active ingredients could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Huang Lian (Rhizoma coptidis, RC) is a herb frequently used in many traditional formulas for properties of “clearing damp-heat, quenching fire, and counteracting poison” in Asia for centuries. In this review, we summarize the application of RC in the treatment of DM from two aspects of contents. Firstly, theoretical principles are explained, including the properties and related records about RC in ancient references and modern pharmacological researches and pharmacokinetics on RC and its active components. Secondly, the clinical application of RC is mainly reviewed, such as applicable stage and syndrome, the reasonable dose range, the preparation formulations, and the toxicity and/or side effects and solutions to its adverse actions. This review provides scientific evidence about the effective components, pharmacological researches, and toxicity of RC, as well as introducing traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, in order to guide clinician to use RC more suitably and reasonably in the clinical practice.
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Ma CH, Kang LL, Ren HM, Zhang DM, Kong LD. Simiao pill ameliorates renal glomerular injury via increasing Sirt1 expression and suppressing NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in high fructose-fed rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:108-117. [PMID: 26117533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Simiao pill is one of the most frequently prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine to treat hyperuricemia and gout. This study was to investigate the protective effects of Simiao pill on renal glomerular injury in a rat model of high fructose intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were given 10% fructose in drinking water and standard laboratory chow for 4 weeks to induce hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. Then fructose-fed animals were randomly divided into four groups receiving water, Simiao pill (78.87 and 157.74 mg/kg) and allopurinol (5mg/kg) daily for next 6 weeks, respectively. Serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, insulin, as well as urinary albumin were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Kidney pathological changes were detected using periodic-acid schiff-stained (PAS) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Glomerular protein levels of nephrin, podocin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), interleukin (IL)-1β, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Simiao pill effectively restored high fructose-induced hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in rats. Simiao pill significantly increased protein levels of nephrin, podocin and CD2AP in renal glomeruli, improved renal inflammatory cell infiltration into interstitium and glomerular injury in high fructose-fed rats with reduction of urine albumin levels. Furthermore, Simiao pill up-regulated Sirt1 protein levels and suppressed NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation to reduce IL-1β in renal glomeruli of high fructose-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS The renal protective effects of Simiao pill may be associated with up-regulation of Sirt1 expression and suppression of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation to reduce renal glomerular injury in high fructose-fed rats with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Choi JS, Ali MY, Jung HA, Oh SH, Choi RJ, Kim EJ. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity of alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis and their molecular docking studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 171:28-36. [PMID: 26027757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIC RELEVANCE Rhizoma Coptidis (the rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch) has commonly been used for treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional Chinese medicine due to its blood sugar-lowering properties and therapeutic benefits which highly related to the alkaloids therein. However, a limited number of studies focused on the Coptis alkaloids other than berberine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic potential of Coptis alkaloids, including berberine (1), epiberberine (2), magnoflorine (3), and coptisine (4), by evaluating the ability of these compounds to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and ONOO(-)-mediated protein tyrosine nitration. We scrutinized the potentials of Coptis alkaloids as PTP1B inhibitors via enzyme kinetics and molecular docking simulation. RESULTS The Coptis alkaloids 1-4 exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against PTP1B with the IC50 values of 16.43, 24.19, 28.14, and 51.04 μM, respectively, when compared to the positive control ursolic acid. These alkaloids also suppressed ONOO(-)-mediated tyrosine nitration effectively in a dose dependent manner. In addition, our kinetic study using the Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots revealed that 1 and 2 showed a mixed-type inhibition against PTP1B, while 3 and 4 noncompetitively inhibited PTP1B. Moreover, molecular docking simulation of these compounds demonstrated negative binding energies (Autodock 4.0=-6.7 to -7.8 kcal/mol; Fred 2.0=-59.4 to -68.2 kcal/mol) and a high proximity to PTP1B residues, including Phe182 and Asp181 in the WPD loop, Cys215 in the active sites and Tyr46, Arg47, Asp48, Val49, Ser216, Ala217, Gly218, Ile219, Gly220, Arg221 and Gln262 in the pocket site, indicating a higher affinity and tighter binding capacity of these alkaloids for the active site of the enzyme. CONCLUSION Our results clearly indicate the promising anti-diabetic potential of Coptis alkaloids as inhibitors on PTP1B as well as suppressors of ONOO(-)-mediated protein tyrosine nitration, and thus hold promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes and related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Korean BioInformation Center (KOBIC), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Angiogenesis & Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eon Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Liu H, Shao Y, Lin C, Jia H, Chen G, Yang D, Wang Y. Selective lighting up of epiberberine alkaloid fluorescence by fluorophore-switching aptamer and stoichiometric targeting of human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex multimer. Anal Chem 2015; 87:730-7. [PMID: 25429435 PMCID: PMC5515279 DOI: 10.1021/ac503730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers, that exist naturally in living cells as functional elements and can switch nonfluorescent natural targets to fluorophores, are very useful in developing highly sensitive and selective biosensors and screening functional agents. This work demonstrates that human telomeric G-quadruplex (HTG) can serve as a potential fluorophore-switching aptamer (FSA) to target a natural isoquinoline alkaloid. We found that, among the G-quadruplexes studied here and the various structurally similar alkaloids including epiberberine (EPI), berberine (BER), palmatine (PAL), jatrorrhizine (JAT), coptisine (COP), worenine (WOR), sanguinarine (SAN), chelerythrine (CHE), and nitidine (NIT), only the HTG DNA, especially with a 5'-TA-3' residue at the 5' end of the G-quadruplex tetrad (5'-TAG3(TTAG3)3-3', TA[Q]) as the minimal sequence, is the most efficient FSA to selectively light up the EPI fluorescence. Compared to the 5' end flanking sequences, the 3' end flanking sequences of the tetrad contribute significantly less to the recognition of EPI. The binding affinity of EPI to TA[Q] (K(d) = 37 nM) is at least 20 times tighter than those of the other alkaloids. The steady-state absorption, steady-state/time-resolved fluorescence, and NMR studies demonstrate that EPI most likely interact with the 5' end flanking sequence substructure beyond the core [Q] and the G-quadruplex tetrad in a much more specific manner than the other alkaloids. The highly selective and tight binding of EPI with the FSA and significantly enhanced fluorescence suggest the potential development of a selective EPI sensor (detection limit of 10 nM). More importantly, EPI, as the brightest FSA emitter among the alkaloids, can also serve as an efficient conformation probe for HTG DNA and discriminate the DNA G-quadruplex from the RNA counterpart. Furthermore, EPI can bind stoichiometrically to each G-quadruplex unit of long HTG DNA multimer with the most significant fluorescence enhancement, which has not been achieved by the previously reported probes. Our work suggests the potential use of EPI as a bioimaging probe and a therapeutic DNA binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Clement Lin
- College of Pharmacy, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Huan Jia
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Gang Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Danzhou Yang
- College of Pharmacy, BIO5 Institute, Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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So MJ, Cho EJ. Phloroglucinol Attenuates Free Radical-induced Oxidative Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:129-35. [PMID: 25320709 PMCID: PMC4195617 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective role of phloroglucinol against oxidative stress and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) was investigated in vitro and in cell culture. Phloroglucinol had strong and concentration-dependent radical scavenging effects against nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions (O2−), and hydroxyl radicals. In this study, free radical generators were used to induce oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Treatment with phloroglucinol attenuated the oxidative stress induced by peroxyl radicals, NO, O2−, and peroxynitrite. Phloroglucinol also increased cell viability and decreased lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cells were used to investigate the protective effect of phloroglucinol against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced SIPS. Phloroglucinol treatment attenuated H2O2-induced SIPS by increasing cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation, suggesting that treatment with phloroglucinol should delay the aging process. The present study supports the promising role of phloroglucinol as an antioxidative agent against free radical-induced oxidative stress and SIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung So
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Ecology for the Elderly, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Kim BK, Choi JM, Kang SA, Park KY, Cho EJ. Antioxidative effects of Kimchi under different fermentation stage on radical-induced oxidative stress. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:638-43. [PMID: 25489403 PMCID: PMC4252523 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.6.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented vegetable containing several ingredients. We investigated the protective activity of methanol extract of kimchi under different fermentation stages against oxidative damage. MATERIALS/METHODS Fresh kimchi (Fresh), optimally ripened kimchi (OptR), and over ripened kimchi (OvR) were fermented until the pH reached pH 5.6, pH 4.3, and pH 3.8, respectively. The radical scavenging activity and protective activity from oxidative stress of kimchi during fermentation were investigated under in vitro and cellular systems using LLC-PK1 cells. RESULTS Kimchi exhibited strong radical scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radical. In addition, the free radical generators led to loss of cell viability and elevated lipid peroxidation, while treatment with kimchi resulted in significantly increased cell viability and decreased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the protective effect against oxidative stress was related to regulation of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-κB p65, and IκB expression. In particular, OvR showed the strongest protective effect from cellular oxidative stress among other kimchi. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that kimchi, particularly OptR and OvR, played a protective role against free radical-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggest that kimchi is a promising functional food with an antioxidative effect and fermentation of kimchi led to elevation of antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Soon Ah Kang
- Department of Conversing Technology, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul 137-867, Korea
| | - Kun Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Choi JS, Kim JH, Ali MY, Min BS, Kim GD, Jung HA. Coptis chinensis alkaloids exert anti-adipogenic activity on 3T3-L1 adipocytes by downregulating C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:199-208. [PMID: 25128422 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, and chronic disease that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and hypertension, and has become a major worldwide health problem. Developing novel anti-obesity drugs from natural products is a promising solution to the global health problem of obesity. While screening anti-obesity potentials of natural products, the methanol extract of the rhizome of Coptis chinensis (Coptidis Rhizoma) was found to significantly inhibit adipocyte differentiation and lipid contents in 3T3-L1 cells, as assessed by Oil-Red O staining. Five known alkaloids, berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, and magnoflorine, were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of the methanol extract of Coptidis Rhizoma. We determined the chemical structure of these alkaloids through comparisons of published nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Furthermore, we screened these alkaloids for their ability to inhibit adipogenesis over a range of concentrations (12.5-50 μM). All five Coptidis Rhizoma alkaloids significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells without affecting cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, the five alkaloids significantly reduced the expression levels of several adipocyte marker genes including proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α). In the present study, we found that the isolated alkaloids inhibited adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells; this inhibition was attributed to their abilities to downregulate the protein levels of the adipocyte marker proteins PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. Thus, these results suggest that Coptidis Rhizoma extract and its isolated alkaloids may be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food and Life Science, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HY, Sin SM, Lee S, Cho KM, Cho EJ. The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 18:18-22. [PMID: 24471105 PMCID: PMC3867156 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2013.18.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (·OH). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-PK1 cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion (O2 (-)). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and O2 (-), caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-PK1 cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by ONOO(-). These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Seung Mi Sin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 456-756, Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Gyeongnam 660-758, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Zhang Q, Wang CH, Ma YM, Zhu EY, Wang ZT. UPLC-ESI/MS determination of 17 active constituents in two categorized formulas of traditional Chinese medicine, Sanhuang Xiexin Tang and Fuzi Xiexin Tang: application in comparing the differences in decoctions and macerations. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1079-88. [PMID: 23629873 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive UPLC-ESI/MS method was established and validated to determine 17 active constituents (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylmesaconine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine, baicalein, wogonin, baicalin, wogonoside, emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein) in Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (SXT) and Fuzi Xiexin Tang (FXT), which are two classic compound recipes from Xiexin Tang categorized formulas in traditional Chinese medicien. The separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column gradient eluted using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase. ESI/MS was operated in positive ([M + H](+)) in selected ion recording mode for analysis of alkaloids and flavones, while in negative ([M - H](-)) selected ion recording mode for anthraquinones. All of the 17 constituents exhibited good linearity in a relatively wide concentration ranges with the lowest limits of detection of 0.38 ng/mL. All of the relative standard deviation values of intra- and inter-precisions and stabilities of 17 constituents were within 5%. The method was successfully applied to determine 17 active constituents in decoctions and macerations of SXT and FXT. The results indicated that different preparative methods resulted in significant diversity in concentrations of the 17 analytes. Herb-herb interaction appeared between aconitum alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and another three herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Berberine protects human renal proximal tubular cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress pathways. J Transl Med 2013; 11:24. [PMID: 23360542 PMCID: PMC3599611 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury plays a crucial role in renal transplantation, and represents a significant risk factor for acute renal failure and delayed graft function. The pathophysiological contribution of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria stress to ischemia/reperfusion injury has also been highlighted. Berberine (BBR) has been showed to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. The study was carried out to investigate whether the pretreatment of BBR could reduce hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury by inhibiting mitochondria stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Methods The cultured human renal proximal tubular cell line HK-2 cells were exposed to 24 h hypoxia (5% CO2, 1% O2, 94% N2) followed by 3 h reoxygenation (5% CO2, 21% O2, 74% N2). And BBR was added to the culture medium 2h prior to the treatment. Then the cell viability, oxidative stress level, morphological change of apoptosis and apoptotic rate were determined. In addition, Western blot analysis was performed to identify the expression of apoptotic pathway parameters, including Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C involved in mitochondrial-dependent pathway and ER stress hallmarks such as glucose-regulated protein 78 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein. Results H/R produced dramatic injuries in HK-2 cells. The cell viability and the oxidative stress level in group H/R was significantly decreased. The classical morphological change of apoptosis was found, while the apoptotic rate and the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways increased (p<0.05). Administration of BBR significantly inhibited these H/R induced changes (p<0.05). Conclusion This study revealed that BBR pretreatment serves a protective role against H/R induced apoptosis of human renal proximal tubular cells, and the mechanism is related to suppression of mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways.
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Quality evaluation and species differentiation of Rhizoma coptidis by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 747:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yang X, Wang J, Luo J, Kong L. ONE-STEP LARGE-SCALE PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS FROM RHIZOMA COPTIDIS CHINENSIS BY POLYAMIDE COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND THEIR QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-RETENTION RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Yang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , P.R. China
| | - Junsong Wang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , P.R. China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , P.R. China
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Ma BL, Ma YM, Gao CL, Wu JS, Qiu FR, Wang CH, Wang XH. Lipopolysaccharide increased the acute toxicity of the Rhizoma coptidis extract in mice by increasing the systemic exposure to Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:169-174. [PMID: 21924335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma coptidis is used as an antidysenteric in clinics in China. However, patients suffering from dysentery are susceptible to the acute toxicity of Rhizoma coptidis. The current study investigates the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which are a key pathogenic factor in dysentery, on the acute toxicity of a Rhizoma coptidis extract in mice; possible mechanisms are proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic experiments in mice were conducted. The plasma concentration of Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids in mice was determined using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the tissue homogenate was determined using an AChE determination kit. RESULTS Pretreatment with LPS for 16 h increased the acute toxicity of the oral Rhizoma coptidis extract. Systemic exposure to Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids was also increased by LPS pretreatment. Neostigmine significantly increased whereas pyraloxime methylchloride reduced the acute toxicity of the Rhizoma coptidis extract. LPS pretreatment alone showed no significant effect on the activity of thoracoabdominal diaphragm AChE. However, it enhanced the inhibitory effect of the Rhizoma coptidis extract. LPS pretreatment did not affect the acute toxicity of various dosages of tail vein-injected berberine. CONCLUSIONS LPS increased the acute toxicity of the oral Rhizoma coptidis extract in mice by increasing the systemic exposure to the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ma BL, Yao MK, Han XH, Ma YM, Wu JS, Wang CH. Influences of Fructus evodiae pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1395-1401. [PMID: 21855623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma coptidis is a traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological properties. It is usually prescribed with Fructus evodiae as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas. Here we report the influences of Fructus evodiae on the pharmacokinetics of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids and propose possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic experiments were performed in rats. In vitro absorption experiments were performed in everted rat gut sacs, while in vitro metabolism experiments and determination of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 mRNA expression were performed in rat liver microsomes. RESULTS Pretreatment with Fructus evodiae extract for two weeks decreased the systemic exposure of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. This effect was not due to inhibition of absorption or enhanced hepatic phase I metabolism of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. However, Fructus evodiae pretreatment enhanced both the activity and expression of hepatic UGT1A1. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that Fructus evodiae pretreatment decreased the systemic exposure of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids by inducing hepatic UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Ji HF, Shen L. Berberine: a potential multipotent natural product to combat Alzheimer's disease. Molecules 2011; 16:6732-40. [PMID: 21829148 PMCID: PMC6264702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the accelerated aging of human society Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become one of the most threatening diseases in the elderly. However, there is no efficient therapeutic agent to combat AD. Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects. In the present paper, we review the multiple activities of berberine, including antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory, monoamine oxidase inhibitory, amyloid-b peptide level-reducing and cholesterol-lowering activities, which suggest that berberine may act as a promising multipotent agent to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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Lee JS, Park SY, Thapa D, Kim AR, Shin HM, Kim JA. HMC05, Herbal Formula, Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:974728. [PMID: 19736220 PMCID: PMC3130524 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In the present study, we found that HMC05, an extract from eight different herbal mixtures, dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Such inhibitory effect of HMC05 correlated with suppressed expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, CC chemokine receptor 2, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1. In addition, HMC05 significantly inhibited production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by TNF-α. Those inhibitory effects of HMC05 (1–10 μg mL−1) on the TNF-α-induced inflammatory event was similar to those of berberine (1–10 μM), which is a major component of HMC05 and one of herbal compounds known to have vasorelaxing and lipid-lowering activities. However, berberine significantly reduced the viability of HUVECs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, HMC05 (1–10 μg ml−1) did not affect the cell viability for up to 48 h treatment. In conclusion, we propose that HMC05 may be a safe and potent herbal formula against vascular inflammation, and its action may be attributable to the inhibition of ROS- and NF-κB-dependent expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Lee JW, Iwahashi A, Hasegawa SI, Yonezawa T, Jeon WB, Cha BY, Nagai K, Woo JT. Coptisine inhibits RANKL-induced NF-κB phosphorylation in osteoclast precursors and suppresses function through the regulation of RANKL and OPG gene expression in osteoblastic cells. J Nat Med 2011; 66:8-16. [PMID: 21656335 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excessive receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling causes enhanced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The downregulation of RANKL expression and its downstream signals may be an effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis. Here, we found that coptisine, one of the isoquinoline alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma, exhibited inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Although coptisine has been studied for its antipyretic, antiphotooxidative, dampness dispelling, antidote, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, its effects on osteoclastogenesis have not been investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of coptisine on osteoblastic cells as well as osteoclast precursors for osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The addition of coptisine to cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and primary osteoblastic cells with 10(-8) M 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) caused significant inhibition of osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed that coptisine inhibited RANKL gene expression and stimulated the osteoprotegerin gene expression induced by 1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) in osteoblastic cells. Coptisine strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation when added during the early stage of bone marrow macrophage (BMM) cultures, suggesting that it acts on osteoclast precursors to inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling. Among the RANK signaling pathways, coptisine inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylations, which are regulated in response to RANKL in BMMs. Coptisine also inhibited the RANKL-induced expression of NFATc1, which is a key transcription factor. In addition, 10 μM coptisine significantly inhibited both the survival of mature osteoclasts and their pit-forming activity in cocultures. Thus, coptisine has potential for the treatment or prevention of several bone diseases characterized by excessive bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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Yan H, Sun X, Sun S, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang R, An P, Yang F, Kang W. Anti-ultraviolet radiation effects of Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron amurense glycans by immunomodulating and inhibiting oxidative injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:720-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suzuki H, Tanabe H, Mizukami H, Inoue M. Differential gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells following treatment with coptisine exerts a selective antiproliferative effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:634-638. [PMID: 21401114 DOI: 10.1021/np100645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is known that coptisine (1), an isoquinoline alkaloid, selectively inhibits proliferation of rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the present study, the characteristics of its antiproliferative effect on several types of smooth muscle-like cells were investigated and compared to the effects of berberine (2) and palmatine (3). To clarify further the mechanism underlying the VSMC-selective antiproliferative effect of 1, the genes responsible were investigated by determining which mRNAs showed expression regulated by 1. Coptisine (1) showed a greater antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells derived from the aorta than on those derived from other organs. Analysis of the mRNA expression revealed that 1 upregulated two genes, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible alpha (Gadd45a) and response gene to complement32 (Rgc32). Both genes remained unchanged in 3Y1 fibroblasts and were not affected by 2 and 3. Coptisine (1) was found to induce the mRNA of the Gadd45a and Rgc32 genes, specifically in VSMC. Activation of these genes by 1 may mediate inhibition of cell-cycle progression. However, as these genes are commonly expressed in various cell types, a selective target for 1 activity is likely to exist upstream of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Aristolactams and Alkamides of Aristolochia gigantea. Molecules 2010; 15:9462-72. [PMID: 21178901 PMCID: PMC6259121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15129462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new aristolactam, aristolactam 9-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside, and two alkamides, N-cis- and N-trans-p-coumaroyl-3-O-methyldopamine, were isolated from stems of Aristolochia gigantea, together with the known compounds allantoin, E-nerolidol, β-sitosterol, (+)-kobusin, (+)-eudesmin, trans-N-feruloyltyramine, trans-N-coumaroyltyramine, trans-N-feruloyl-3-O-methyldopamine, aristolactam Ia-N-β-D-glucoside, aristolactam Ia 8-β-D-glucoside, aristolactam IIIa, and magnoflorine. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses.
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Kim BK, Choi MJ, Park KY, Cho EJ. Protective effects of Korean mistletoe lectin on radical-induced oxidative stress. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1152-8. [PMID: 20606306 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The radical scavenging effects and protective activities against oxidative stress of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) lectin were investigated in vitro and with a cellular system using LLC-PK(1) renal epithelial cells. The Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with an IC(50) value of 42.6 microg/ml. It also exerted nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in concentration-dependent manners. These results suggest that KML is a promising antioxidant by scavenging free radicals. Furthermore, under the LLC-PK(1) cellular model, the cells showed declines in viability and increases in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, generators of NO and O(2)(-), respectively. However, KML significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cell cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimnie (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by simultaneously releases of NO and O(2)(-), caused cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and NO overproduction in the LLC-PK(1) cells while KML ameliorated ONOO(-)-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, overexpressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase induced by SIN-1 were observed, but KML down-regulated the expression levels of both genes. KML also reduced SIN-1-induced nuclear factor kappa B expression and the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B alpha in LLC-PK(1) cells. These results indicate that KML has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Suzuki H, Tanabe H, Mizukami H, Inoue M. Selective regulation of multidrug resistance protein in vascular smooth muscle cells by the isoquinoline alkaloid coptisine. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:677-82. [PMID: 20410605 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When the biological activites of hydrophobic drugs or xenobiotics are studied, it is important to clarify their effects on expression and function of multidrug resistance (MDR) protein. We therefore evaluated the effects of coptisine on MDR in comparison with the structurally related isoquinoline alkaloids berberine and palmatine. To achieve this, we investigated the effects of the three alkaloids on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein/MDR1, MDR1 gene products, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In A10 cells (a rat VSMC line), coptisine upregulated the mRNAs of Mdr1a and Mdr1b, rodent homologues of human MDR1, and these effects were completely abrogated by actinomycin D. Coptisine also induced Mdr1a/1b protein expression and enhanced the efflux of rhodamine 123 from A10 cells. In contrast, berberine and palmatine slightly upregulated the mRNAs of Mdr1a and Mdr1b, but failed to induce Mdr1a/1b protein expression or stimulate rhodamine 123 efflux. To clarify whether these effects occurred in other cells, the effects of the three alkaloids on Mdr1a/1b function were examined in 3Y1, dRLh-84 and B16 cells. Coptisine and berberine enhanced rhodamine 123 efflux in all three cell types, while palmatine inhibited it, based on the finding that palmatine efficiently activated the Mdr1a ATPase activity as a good substrate for Mdr1a. Therefore, the three isoquinoline alkaloids regulated MDR differently in cell type-specific manners. In particular, only coptisine induced Mdr1a/1b in A10 cells and stimulated rhodamine 123 efflux. Taken together, coptisine appears to exert VSMC-selective effects on Mdr1a/1b induction in contrast to berberine and palmatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Japan
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Liu F, Ding X, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Jiang H, Liu H. Silver- and Gold-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization to Substituted Tetracyclic Isoquinolizinium Hexafluorostilbates. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5810-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1006174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhao X, Nan Y, Xiao C, Zheng J, Zheng X, Wei Y, Zhang Y. Screening the bioactive compounds in aqueous extract of Coptidis rhizoma which specifically bind to rabbit lung tissues beta2-adrenoceptor using an affinity chromatographic selection method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2029-34. [PMID: 20561827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A receptor affinity chromatographic selection method was developed for screening the bioactive compounds binding to beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)-AR) in Coptidis rhizome. The bioactive compounds were analyzed by molecular recognition with a beta(2)-AR affinity column. The retention compounds eluted from the beta(2)-AR column were separated online with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography by column switching technology, and identified by a coupled ion-trap mass spectrometer. Four compounds were screened as the bioactive compounds of Coptidis rhizome and identified as 2,9,10-trimethoxy-3-hydroxyl-protoberberine (jateorhizine), 2,3-methylenedioxy-9-methoxy-protoberberine, 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-protoberberine (palmatine) and 2,3-methylenedioxy-9,10-dimethoxy-protoberberine (berberine). The association constants of jatrorrhizine, palmatine and berberine to the beta(2)-AR were determined by the zonal elution method with standards. Berberine and palmatine had only one type of binding site on the immobilized beta(2)-AR. Their association constants were (2.28+/-0.11)x10(4)/M and (3.00+/-0.10)x10(4)/M, respectively. Jatrorrhizine had at least two type of binding sites on the immobilized beta(2)-AR, and the corresponding association constants were (2.20+/-0.09)x10(-4)/M and (6.78+/-0.001)x10(5)/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Choi JM, Kim JH, Cho EJ. Protective activity of purple sweet potato extract-added soymilk fermented by Bacillus subtilis against oxidative stress. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Ma BL, Ma YM, Shi R, Wang TM, Zhang N, Wang CH, Yang Y. Identification of the toxic constituents in Rhizoma Coptidis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:357-364. [PMID: 20117200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) is a widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, it causes human as well as animal toxicities. In this study, we aimed to ascertain the toxic constituents in Rhizoma Coptidis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The acute toxicity of both the total extract and the alkaloid-rich extract of Rhizoma Coptidis were tested in mice. The dose related tissue concentration of the Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids in mice was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The influence of phenobarbital sodium [a non-selective hepatic enzyme (P450) inducer] on the acute toxicity of Rhizoma Coptidis as well as the tissue concentration of the alkaloids was investigated. The cytotoxicity of the Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids was tested in six cell lines using the MTT assay. RESULTS The median acute oral lethal dose of the total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis was 2.95g/kg in mice. The alkaloid-rich extract was much more toxic than the total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis. Four Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids were detected in brain, heart, and lung tissues of mice that received the oral total extract of Rhizoma Coptidis. Tissue concentration increased nonlinearly with higher doses. Phenobarbital sodium decreased the tissue concentration of every alkaloid as well as the toxicity of Rhizoma Coptidis. All alkaloids, especially berberine, showed dose and time dependent cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The toxic constituents of Rhizoma Coptidis were the alkaloids, mainly berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Palmatine attenuates d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:222-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A systematic review of the anticancer properties of berberine, a natural product from Chinese herbs. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:757-69. [PMID: 19704371 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328330d95b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products represent a rich reservoir of potential small chemical molecules exhibiting antiproliferation and anticancer properties. An example is berberine, a protoberberine alkaloid widely distributed in medical plants used in traditional Chinese prescriptions. Recent advances have shown that berberine exerts anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo through different mechanisms. Berberine shows inhibitory effects on the proliferation and reproduction of certain tumorigenic microorganisms and viruses, such as Heliobacter pylori and hepatitis B virus. Transcriptional regulation of some oncogene and carcinogenesis-related gene expression and interaction with both DNA and RNA are also well documented. Besides, berberine is a broad spectrum enzyme inhibitor, which affects N-acetyltransferase, cyclooxygenase-2, and topoisomerase activities and gene/protein expression. These actions, together with the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation might underlie its antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. More importantly, the suppression of tumor growth and metastasis, the beneficial application in combined medication, and the improvement of multidrug resistance both in vivo and in vitro clearly show its potential as an alternative medicine for tumor chemotherapy.
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Kim YM, Ha YM, Jin YC, Shi LY, Lee YS, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Choi JS, Kim YS, Kang SS, Lee JH, Chang KC. Palmatine from Coptidis rhizoma reduces ischemia–reperfusion-mediated acute myocardial injury in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2097-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ye X, Feng Y, Tong Y, Ng KM, Tsao S, Lau GKK, Sze C, Zhang Y, Tang J, Shen J, Kobayashi S. Hepatoprotective effects of Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver hepatotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:130-136. [PMID: 19536921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Coptidis rhizoma (CR, Chinese name is Huanglian) has been used in treating infectious and inflammatory diseases for two thousand years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Its related pharmacological basis for the therapeutics has been studied intensively, but CR can also be used for vomiting of "dampness-heat type or acid regurgitation" due to "liver-fire attacking stomach" in TCM, whose symptoms seem to link the hepatic and biliary disorders, yet details in the therapies of liver diseases and underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear. To clarify this ethnopharmacological relevance, hepatoprotective effect of Coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract (CRAE) and its possible mechanism were studied in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPRAGUE-Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 weeks old were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg as a 50% olive oil solution. The rats were orally given the CRAE at doses of 400, 600, 800 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg berberine body weight (BW) after 6 h of CCl4 treatment. At 24 h after CCl4 injection, samples of blood and liver were collected and then biochemical parameters and histological studies were carried out. RESULTS The results showed that CRAE and berberine inhibited significantly the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Observation on the hepatoprotective effect of berberine was consistent to that of CRAE. CONCLUSION The study is the first time to demonstrate that CRAE has hepatoprotective effect on acute liver injuries induced by CCl4, and the results suggest that the effect of CRAE against CCl4-induced liver damage is related to antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshen Ye
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, PR China
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Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Coptis chinensis. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:341-5. [PMID: 19387576 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (*OH) scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activities of four isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Coptis chinensis Franch were studied for the identification of their structural characteristics to scavenge *OH. The *OH was generated via Fe(II)-catalazed Fenton reaction in this study and the reliable measurement of *OH scavenging activities of isoquinoline alkaloids were achieved using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry method. At the 1 mM concentration, berberrubine (85%) showed the strongest *OH scavenging activity and the next were in the decreasing order of coptisine (79%), berberine (23%), and palmatine (22%). The ferrous ion chelating effects of the alkaloids showed similar pattern with their *OH scavenging effects. These results suggest that *OH scavenging effects of the alkaloids were closely related to their ferrous ion chelating activities. In addition, metal chelating functional groups such as hydroxy group at C-9 and methylenedioxy group at C-9 and C-10 were thought to contribute to the *OH scavenging activities of the isoquinoline alkaloids.
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Jung HA, Min BS, Yokozawa T, Lee JH, Kim YS, Choi JS. Anti-Alzheimer and Antioxidant Activities of Coptidis Rhizoma Alkaloids. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1433-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Jung
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University
| | | | | | - Je-Hyun Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Pukyong National University
- Blue-Bio Industry RIC
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Jung HA, Yoon NY, Bae HJ, Min BS, Choi JS. Inhibitory activities of the alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma against aldose reductase. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:1405-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-2124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kim KM, Choi JY, Yoo SE, Park MY, Lee BS, Ko YH, Sung SH, Shin HM, Park JE. HMCO5, herbal extract, inhibits NF-kappaB expression in lipopolysaccharide treated macrophages and reduces atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol fed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:316-324. [PMID: 17931811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
HMCO5 is a herbal extract which comprises of eight different herbs. We studied whether this extract has anti-atherosclerotic effects. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, HMCO5 inhibited NF-kappaB activation as well as iNOS promoter activity, inhibited the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and directly inhibited the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. ApoE knock-out mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet with HMCO5 for 10 weeks showed a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesions. A notable finding was the preservation of the smooth muscle cell layer in the media of aorta in the HMCO5 co-treated mice. HMCO5 treated mice did not show significant decrease in serum level of cholesterol. These results suggest that HMCO5 has anti-atherosclerotic effects which in part may be attributable to the inhibition of production of NF-kappaB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Mo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center & Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Letasiová S, Jantová S, Miko M, Ovádeková R, Horváthová M. Effect of berberine on proliferation, biosynthesis of macromolecules, cell cycle and induction of intercalation with DNA, dsDNA damage and apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:263-70. [PMID: 16451756 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.2.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our primary aim was to study berberine, a potential anti-cancer drug, for its cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity in-vitro using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by the growth inhibition assay. We investigated the effect of berberine on the biosynthesis of macro-molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins), cell cycle effects and induction of dsDNA damage and apoptosis in berberine-treated EAC cells. Our results showed that berberine acts cytotoxically on EAC cells. The cytotoxicity was directly concentration and time dependent. The highest cytotoxic concentrations (100 and 50 microg mL(-1)) induced intercalation of berberine with DNA, formation of dsDNA breaks, inhibition of DNA synthesis and death of EAC cells. A concentration of 10 mug mL(-1) induced clear apoptotic cell death, which was followed by inhibition of protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Letasiová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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