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Filipić B, Ušjak D, Rambaher MH, Oljacic S, Milenković MT. Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370062. [PMID: 38510964 PMCID: PMC10951914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Tian D, Qiao Y, Peng Q, Xu X, Shi B. Anti-biofilm mechanism of a synthetical low molecular weight poly-d-mannose on Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106515. [PMID: 38160987 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a low molecular weight poly-d-mannose (LMWM) was separated from a mixed polysaccharide synthesized previously. Monosaccharide composition, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), periodate oxidation and smith degradation were determined. After safety evaluation, the inhibition of LMWM on the different biofilm formation stages of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of LMWM on the adhesion of S. Typhimurium to Caco-2 cells and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) were observed. Results indicated that LMWM was a homopolysaccharide without cytotoxicity and hemolysis, containing both α-mannose and β-mannose. It showed obvious anti-biofilm activity on S. Typhimurium and mainly activated on the initial adhesion and formation stage, even better than the commercial S. cerevisiae mannan (CM). LMWM inhibited the adhesion of S. Typhimurium on Caco-2 cells with the inhibition rate of 61.04 % at 2 mg/ml. Meanwhile, LMWM decreased the hydrophobicity of S. Typhimurium cell surface. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect on S. Typhimurium biofilm was not caused by bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity of LMWM. The specific anti-adhesion and the decrease of bacterial CSH by LMWM may closely relate to anti-biofilm mechanism. This study provides some supports for the application of LMWM as antibiotics alternative on S. Typhimurium in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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3
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Mougin J, Pavaux AS, Fanesi A, Lopez J, Pruvost E, Guihéneuf F, Sciandra A, Briandet R, Lopes F. Bacterial adhesion inhibition by microalgal EPSs from Cylindrotheca closterium and Tetraselmis suecica biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:168. [PMID: 38261095 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In the food industry, successful bacterial pathogen colonization and persistence begin with their adhesion to a surface, followed by the spatial development of mature biofilm of public health concerns. Compromising bacterial settlement with natural inhibitors is a promising alternative to conventional anti-fouling treatments typically based on chemical biocides that contribute to the growing burden of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, three extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) fractions extracted from microalgae biofilms of Cylindrotheca closterium (fraction C) and Tetraselmis suecica (fraction Ta rich in insoluble scale structure and fraction Tb rich in soluble EPS) were screened for their anti-adhesive properties, against eight human food-borne pathogens belonging to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes species. The results showed that the fraction Ta was the most effective inducing statistically significant reduction for three strains of E. coli, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. Overall, EPSs coating on polystyrene surfaces of the different fractions increased the hydrophilic character of the support. Differences in bacterial adhesion on the different coated surfaces could be explained by several dissimilarities in the structural and physicochemical EPS compositions, according to HPLC and ATR-FTIR analysis. Interestingly, while fractions Ta and Tb were extracted from the same microalgal culture, distinct adhesion patterns were observed, highlighting the importance of the extraction process. Overall, the findings showed that EPS extracted from microalgal photosynthetic biofilms can exhibit anti-adhesive effects against food-borne pathogens and could help develop sustainable and non-toxic anti-adhesive surfaces for the food industry. KEY POINTS: •EPSs from a biofilm-based culture of C. closterium/T. suecica were characterized. •Microalgal EPS extracted from T. suecica biofilms showed bacterial anti-adhesive effects. •The anti-adhesive effect is strain-specific and affects both Gram - and Gram + bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratoire Génie Des Procédés Et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Pavaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Laboratoire Génie Des Procédés Et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea Fanesi
- Laboratoire Génie Des Procédés Et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Lopez
- Laboratoire d, Océanographie de Villefranche LOV, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7093, BP 28, 06230, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Eric Pruvost
- Laboratoire d, Océanographie de Villefranche LOV, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7093, BP 28, 06230, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Antoine Sciandra
- Laboratoire d, Océanographie de Villefranche LOV, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7093, BP 28, 06230, Villefranche-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Laboratoire Génie Des Procédés Et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
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4
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Sabino YNV, Araújo Domingues KCD, Mathur H, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Drouin G, Martínez-Abad A, Tótola MR, Abreu LM, Cotter PD, Mantovani HC. Exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus spp. inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with bovine mastitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126689. [PMID: 37678679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a costly disease in the dairy sector worldwide. Here the objective was to identify and characterize anti-biofilm compounds produced by Bacillus spp. against S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis. Results showed that cell-free supernatants of three Bacillus strains (out of 33 analysed) reduced S. aureus biofilm formation by approximately 40 % without affecting bacterial growth. The anti-biofilm activity was associated with exopolysaccharides (EPS) secreted by Bacillus spp. The EPS decreased S. aureus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting biofilm formation by 83 % at 1 mg/mL. The EPS also showed some biofilm disruption activity (up to 36.4 %), which may be partially mediated by increased expression of the aur gene. The characterization of EPS produced by Bacillus velezensis 87 and B. velezensis TR47II revealed macromolecules with molecular weights of 31.2 and 33.7 kDa, respectively. These macromolecules were composed mainly of glucose (mean = 218.5 μg/mg) and mannose (mean = 241.5 μg/mg) and had similar functional groups (pyranose ring, beta-type glycosidic linkage, and alkynes) as revealed by FT-IR. In conclusion, this study shows the potential applications of EPS produced by B. velezensis as an anti-biofilm compound that could contribute to the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harsh Mathur
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Gaetan Drouin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Marcos Rogério Tótola
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Magalhães Abreu
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hilario Cuquetto Mantovani
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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5
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Tian D, Qiao Y, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Shi L, Xiong X, He M, Xu X, Shi B. A Poly-D-Mannose Synthesized by a One-Pot Method Exhibits Anti-Biofilm, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1579. [PMID: 37627574 PMCID: PMC10451989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, D-mannose was used to synthesize poly-D-mannose using a one-pot method. The molecular weight, degree of branching, monosaccharide composition, total sugar content, and infrared spectrum were determined. In addition, we evaluated the safety and bioactivity of poly-D-mannose including anti-pathogen biofilm, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that poly-D-mannose was a mixture of four components with different molecular weights. The molecular weight of the first three components was larger than 410,000 Da, and that of the fourth was 3884 Da. The branching degree of poly-D-mannose was 0.53. The total sugar content was 97.70%, and the monosaccharide was composed only of mannose. The infrared spectra showed that poly-D-mannose possessed characteristic groups of polysaccharides. Poly-D-mannose showed no cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity at the concentration range from 0.125 mg/mL to 8 mg/mL. In addition, poly-D-mannose had the best inhibition effect on Salmonella typhimurium at the concentration of 2 mg/mL (68.0% ± 3.9%). The inhibition effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not obvious, and the biofilm was reduced by 37.6% ± 2.9% at 2 mg/mL. For Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, poly-D-mannose had no effect on biofilms at low concentration; however, 2 mg/mL of poly-D-mannose showed inhibition rates of 33.7% ± 6.4% and 47.5% ± 4%, respectively. Poly-D-mannose showed different scavenging ability on free radicals. It showed the best scavenging effect on DPPH, with the highest scavenging rate of 74.0% ± 2.8%, followed by hydroxyl radicals, with the scavenging rate of 36.5% ± 1.6%; the scavenging rates of superoxide anion radicals and ABTS radicals were the lowest, at only 10.1% ± 2.1% and 16.3% ± 0.9%, respectively. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, poly-D-mannose decreased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, it can be concluded that poly-D-mannose prepared in this research is safe and has certain biological activity. Meanwhile, it provides a new idea for the development of novel prebiotics for food and feed industries or active ingredients used for pharmaceutical production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.T.); (Y.Q.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.T.); (Y.Q.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.); (M.H.)
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6
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Xiong J, Liu DM, Huang YY. Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: isolation, purification, structure–function relationship, and application. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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7
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Molecular Targets in Campylobacter Infections. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030409. [PMID: 36979344 PMCID: PMC10046527 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis results from foodborne infections with Campylobacter bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and represents a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. After consumption of contaminated poultry meat, constituting the major source of pathogenic transfer to humans, infected patients develop abdominal pain and diarrhea. Post-infectious disorders following acute enteritis may occur and affect the nervous system, the joints or the intestines. Immunocompromising comorbidities in infected patients favor bacteremia, leading to vascular inflammation and septicemia. Prevention of human infection is achieved by hygiene measures focusing on the reduction of pathogenic food contamination. Molecular targets for the treatment and prevention of campylobacteriosis include bacterial pathogenicity and virulence factors involved in motility, adhesion, invasion, oxygen detoxification, acid resistance and biofilm formation. This repertoire of intervention measures has recently been completed by drugs dampening the pro-inflammatory immune responses induced by the Campylobacter endotoxin lipo-oligosaccharide. Novel pharmaceutical strategies will combine anti-pathogenic and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce the risk of both anti-microbial resistance and post-infectious sequelae of acute enteritis. Novel strategies and actual trends in the combat of Campylobacter infections are presented in this review, alongside molecular targets applied for prevention and treatment strategies.
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8
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Ray RR, Pattnaik S. Contribution of phytoextracts in challenging the biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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9
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Ding C, Wu H, Cao X, Gao Z, Tang Z, Fan W, Yan L, Liu B, Lin H, Song S. Lactobacillus crispatus-derived exopolysaccharides with antibacterial activity limit Salmonella typhimurium invasion by inhibiting inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Food Funct 2022; 13:10501-10515. [PMID: 36148688 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide (EPS 7-4) with a molecular weight of 53 387 Da was isolated from Lactobacillus crispatus, and it was mainly composed of mannose (36.9%) and glucose (30.8%). EPS 7-4 showed excellent inhibitory effects on the proliferation, biofilm formation, and virulence factor gene expression of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial wall. Furthermore, EPS 7-4 can effectively restrict bacterial translocation, upregulate the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., and alleviate the S. typhimurium induced severe inflammatory response in the intestinal tract of mice. Besides, we demonstrated that EPS 7-4 can protect mice by inhibiting S. typhimurium induced pyroptosis, with the mechanism that EPS 7-4 affects ASC oligomerization during inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Therefore, due to its excellent anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory abilities, EPS 7-4 is a promising health regulator owing to its excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huixian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Management Office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhihui Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Liping Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Management Office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Algal polysaccharide's potential to combat respiratory infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens biofilms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:671-693. [PMID: 34449042 PMCID: PMC8390546 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth of respiratory diseases, as witnessed through the SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks, and antimicrobial-resistance together pose a serious threat to humanity. One reason for antimicrobial resistance is formation of bacterial biofilms. In this study the sulphated polysaccharides from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr-SPs) is tested for its antibacterial and antibiofilm potential against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Agar cup assay clearly indicated the antibacterial potential of Cr-SPs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of Cr-SPs against Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be 850 µg/ml, and it is 800 µg/ml in Serratia marcescens. Time-kill and colony-forming ability assays suggest the concentration-dependent bactericidal potential of Cr-SPs. Cr-SPs showed 74–100% decrease in biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner by modifying the cell surface hydrophobic properties of these bacteria. Cr-SPs have also distorted preformed-biofilms by their ability to interact and destroy the extra polymeric substance and eDNA of the matured biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that Cr-SPs effectively altered the morphology of these bacterial cells and distorted the bacterial biofilms. Furthermore reduced protease, urease and prodigiosin pigment production suggest that Cr-SPs interferes the quorum sensing mechanism in these bacteria. The current study paves way towards developing Cr-SPs as a control strategy for treatment of respiratory tract infections.
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Jha N, Sivagnanavelmurugan M, Prasad P, Lakra AK, Ayyanna R, Domdi L, Arul V. Physicochemical properties, preliminary characterization, and assessment of potential bioactivities of polysaccharide purified from the leaves of Avicennia marina. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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González A, Casado J, Lanas Á. Fighting the Antibiotic Crisis: Flavonoids as Promising Antibacterial Drugs Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:709749. [PMID: 34354964 PMCID: PMC8329489 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.709749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Helicobacter pylori. Chronic infection with this microbial class I carcinogen is considered the most important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. The increasing antimicrobial resistance to first-line antibiotics mainly causes the failure of current eradication therapies, inducing refractory infections. The alarming increase in multidrug resistance in H. pylori isolates worldwide is already beginning to limit the efficacy of existing treatments. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included H. pylori in its list of “priority pathogens” for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Novel strategies must be followed to fight this antibiotic crisis, including properly exploiting the proven therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and plant-derived phytochemicals. In this mini-review, we overview the impressive properties of naturally occurring flavonoids as effective antimicrobial agents against H. pylori, which support the use of these plant-derived bioactive compounds as promising drug candidates for inclusion in novel and personalized combinatory therapies against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés González
- Group of Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Casado
- Group of Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Group of Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Digestive Diseases Service, University Clinic Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Kreling V, Falcone FH, Kehrenberg C, Hensel A. Campylobacter sp.: Pathogenicity factors and prevention methods-new molecular targets for innovative antivirulence drugs? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10409-10436. [PMID: 33185702 PMCID: PMC7662028 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by bacterial species from the genus Campylobacter are one of the four main causes of strong diarrheal enteritis worldwide. Campylobacteriosis, a typical food-borne disease, can range from mild symptoms to fatal illness. About 550 million people worldwide suffer from campylobacteriosis and lethality is about 33 million p.a. This review summarizes the state of the current knowledge on Campylobacter with focus on its specific virulence factors. Using this knowledge, multifactorial prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in the food chain. In particular, antiadhesive strategies with specific adhesion inhibitors seem to be a promising concept for reducing Campylobacter bacterial load in poultry production. Antivirulence compounds against bacterial adhesion to and/or invasion into the host cells can open new fields for innovative antibacterial agents. Influencing chemotaxis, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, secretion systems, or toxins by specific inhibitors can help to reduce virulence of the bacterium. In addition, the unusual glycosylation of the bacterium, being a prerequisite for effective phase variation and adaption to different hosts, is yet an unexplored target for combating Campylobacter sp. Plant extracts are widely used remedies in developing countries to combat infections with Campylobacter. Therefore, the present review summarizes the use of natural products against the bacterium in an attempt to stimulate innovative research concepts on the manifold still open questions behind Campylobacter towards improved treatment and sanitation of animal vectors, treatment of infected patients, and new strategies for prevention. KEY POINTS: • Campylobacter sp. is a main cause of strong enteritis worldwide. • Main virulence factors: cytolethal distending toxin, adhesion proteins, invasion machinery. • Strong need for development of antivirulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kreling
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Veterinary Food Science, University of Gießen, Frankfurterstraße 81, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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14
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Lu Y, Yang Y, Liu L, Yu T, Zhao J, Liu L, Li C. Anti‐adhesive effects of sialic acid and
Lactobacillus plantarum
on
Staphylococcus aureus
in vitro. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Dairy Center Heilongjiang Green Food Research Institute Harbin China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institute of Animal Science (IAS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing China
| | - Tianshu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, College of Food Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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15
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Joulak I, Finore I, Poli A, Abid Y, Bkhairia I, Nicolaus B, Di Donato P, Dal Poggetto G, Gharsallaoui A, Attia H, Azabou S. Hetero-exopolysaccharide from the extremely halophilic Halomonas smyrnensis K2: production, characterization and functional properties in vitro. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:395. [PMID: 32832343 PMCID: PMC7431504 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we firstly reported the production and the structural characterization of a novel hetero-exopolysaccharide namely EPS-K2 from the extremely halophilc Halomonas smyrnensis K2. Results revealed that EPS-K2 was mainly composed of three monosaccharides including mannose (66.69%), glucose (19.54%) and galactose (13.77%). EPS-K2 showed high thermostability with a degradation temperature around 260 °C, which could make it a suitable candidate for application in thermal processes. Moreover, EPS-K2 showed attractive functional properties. In fact, it exhibited potent antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner as assessed in analyses of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, iron chelating and DNA protection ability. Furthermore, EPS-K2 showed strong adhesion inhibition activity against Enterococcus faecalis (75.52 ± 3.35%) and Escherichia coli (61.95 ± 2.48%) at 1 g/l concentration, as well as a high biofilm disruption activity especially against E. coli (70.73 ± 2.78%), at 2 g/l concentration. According to its biotechnological properties, EPS-K2 could be exploited as functional ingredient in food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Joulak
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
| | - Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Yousra Abid
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Bkhairia
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Centro Direzionale-Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dal Poggetto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R.), Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Adem Gharsallaoui
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
| | - Samia Azabou
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation et Sécurité des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, Sfax, 3038 Tunisia
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16
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Song Y, Sun M, Feng L, Liang X, Song X, Mu G, Tuo Y, Jiang S, Qian F. Antibiofilm Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 12 Exopolysaccharides against Shigella flexneri. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00694-20. [PMID: 32444475 PMCID: PMC7376565 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00694-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, Shigella flexneri is the most common enteric pathogen causing bacillary dysentery. Biofilm formation by S. flexneri can cause the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, which poses serious threats to food safety and human health. In this study, the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 12 exopolysaccharides (L-EPSs) and S. flexneri exopolysaccharides (S-EPSs) on S. flexneri CMCC51574 biofilm formation were investigated. The results showed that L-EPS could decrease polysaccharide production in the extracellular polymeric matrix of S. flexneri and inhibit biofilm formation by S. flexneri L-EPS could decrease the minimum biofilm elimination concentration (MBEC) of antibiotics against S. flexneri biofilm and inhibit S. flexneri adhesion to and invasion into HT-29 cell monolayers, which might be ascribed to S. flexneri biofilm disturbance by L-EPS. In contrast, S-EPS exhibited the opposite effects compared to L-EPS. The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that L-EPS was composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, and xylose, with the molar ratio of 32.26:0.99:1.79:5.63:0.05:4.07, while S-EPS was composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactosamine, glucose, and galactose, with the molar ratio of 25.43:2.28:7.13:5.35. L-EPS was separated into the neutral polysaccharide L-EPS 1-1 and the acidic polysaccharide L-EPS 2-1 by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. L-EPS 2-1 exerted higher antibiofilm activity than L-EPS 1-1. The antibiofilm activity of L-EPS might be associated with its structure.IMPORTANCES. flexneri is a widespread foodborne pathogen causing food contamination and responsible for food poisoning outbreaks related to various foods in developing countries. Not only has biofilm formation by S. flexneri been difficult to eliminate, but it has also increased the drug resistance of the strain. In the present study, it was demonstrated that L-EPSs secreted by Lactobacillus plantrum 12 could inhibit S. flexneri biofilm formation on, adhesion to, and invasion into HT-29 cells. Also, L-EPSs could decrease the minimum biofilm elimination concentration (MBEC) of the antibiotics used against S. flexneri biofilm. Therefore, L-EPSs were shown to be bioactive macromolecules with the potential ability to act against S. flexneri infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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17
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Smart drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori: pectin-coated, mucoadhesive liposomes with antiadhesive activity and antibiotic cargo. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5943-5957. [PMID: 32399588 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first step in the development of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity is the receptor-mediated adhesion to the gastric epithelium. Inhibition of outer membrane proteins of H. pylori (e.g. BabA) by antiadhesive drugs will contribute to reduced recolonization and infection. Pectin from apple inhibits the BabA and LPS-mediated adhesion of H. pylori to human stomach cells. Pectin-coated liposomes with encapsulated amoxicillin were characterized for polydispersity, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and amoxicillin release. Coated liposomes did not influence the viability of AGS and HT29-MTX cells up to 100 μg/mL but exert cytotoxicity against H. pylori at 10 μg/mL. Pectin-coating of liposomes provoked direct interaction and subsequent binding of the particles to surface structures of H. pylori, and interaction with mucus from porcine stomach and mucus secreted by HT29-MTX cells. Laser scanning microscopy of H. pylori and AGS cells together with liposomes indicated co-aggregation. The mucoadhesive effect seems interesting as stomach cells are covered by a mucus layer. H. pylori is able to penetrate and cross the mucin rapidly to reach pH-neutral epithelium to escape the acidic environment, followed by interaction with epithelial cells. In summary, all experimental evidence is consistent with a specific interaction of pectin-coated liposomes with mucins and surface structures of H. pylori. As the coated liposomes show mucoadhesion to the negatively charged mucins, docking to stomach mucin, mucus penetration, and recognition of and adhesion to H. pylori, they can be considered a novel type of multifunctional drug carriers for local antibiotic therapy against H. pylori. KEY POINTS: • Smart, multifunctional mucoadhesive liposomes • Specific targeting against BabA/LPS of Helicobacter pylori • Inhibition of bacterial adhesion of H. pylori to human host cells • Release of antibiotic cargo.
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18
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Mahamuni-Badiger PP, Patil PM, Badiger MV, Patel PR, Thorat- Gadgil BS, Pandit A, Bohara RA. Biofilm formation to inhibition: Role of zinc oxide-based nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Evaluation of aqueous-extracts from four aromatic plants for their activity against Candida albicans adhesion to human HEp-2 epithelial cells. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Borowski RGV, Barros MP, da Silva DB, Lopes NP, Zimmer KR, Staats CC, de Oliveira CB, Giudice E, Gillet R, Macedo AJ, Gnoatto SCB, Zimmer AR. Red pepper peptide coatings control Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and biofilm formation. Int J Pharm 2019; 574:118872. [PMID: 31812797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Medical devices (indwelling) have greatly improved healthcare. Nevertheless, infections related to the use of these apparatuses continue to be a major clinical concern. Biofilms form on surfaces after bacterial adhesion, and they function as bacterial reservoirs and as resistance and tolerance factors against antibiotics and the host immune response. Technological strategies to control biofilms and bacterial adhesion, such as the use of surface coatings, are being explored more frequently, and natural peptides may promote their development. In this study, we purified and identified antibiofilm peptides from Capsicum baccatum (red pepper) using chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, MALDI-MS, MS/MS and bioinformatics. These peptides strongly controlled biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most prevalent pathogen in device-related infections, without any antibiotic activity. Furthermore, natural peptide-coated surfaces dislayed effective antiadhesive proprieties and showed no cytotoxic effects against different representative human cell lines. Finally, we determined the lead peptide predicted by Mascot and identified CSP37, which may be useful as a prime structure for the design of new antibiofilm agents. Together, these results shed light on natural Capsicum peptides as a possible antiadhesive coat to prevent medical device colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gomes Von Borowski
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Primon Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, CP 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Rigon Zimmer
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédios 43421/43431, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Charley Christian Staats
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédios 43421/43431, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bernardes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Giudice
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Prédios 43421/43431, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, Caixa Postal 15005, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, n. 2752, CEP 90610-000, Bairro Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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21
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Yan T, Nian T, Wu B, Xiao F, He B, Bi K, Jia Y. Okra polysaccharides can reverse the metabolic disorder induced by high-fat diet and cognitive function injury in Aβ 1-42 mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110802. [PMID: 31794852 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showed that a high-fat diet threatened human health seriously. It can induce various diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disturbance and cognitive dysfunction which also related to insulin signaling. In the present study, Aβ1-42 induced AD model mice and normal mice were given a standard diet and high-fat diet, respectively. Meanwhile, Okra polysaccharides were used to treat AD mice to explore the possible mechanism between Alzheimer's disease and insulin signals. Weight and blood glucose of mice were measured weekly. Through the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test, the Okra polysaccharides could improve the cognitive impairment of the AD mice. In addition, we also performed the serum chemistry analysis of mice, studied the histopathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region by HE staining and detected the expressions of AKT, PI3K, ERK1/2, and GSK3β in the hippocampus by western blot. These results suggested that a high-fat diet can aggravate the metabolic disorder in AD mice and Okra polysaccharides can significantly reverse the metabolic disorder induced by high-fat diet and cognitive function injury in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingting Nian
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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22
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Eltigani SA, Eltayeb MM, Ishihara A, Arima J. Isolates from Monechma ciliatum seeds' extract hampered Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinins. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13029. [PMID: 31465126 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontitis pathogen that produces several virulence factors including hemagglutinins. These proteins, which are vital molecules, allow P. gingivalis to uptake iron and heme by attaching, aggregating, and lysing erythrocytes. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Monechma ciliatum seeds against the hemagglutination activity of P. gingivalis. M. ciliatum is a Sudanese medicinal herb that grows in arid and semi-arid lands of tropical Africa. The water extracted from dry powdered seeds was partitioned using ethyl acetate followed by reversed-phase chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, ESI-MS, and NMR analysis resulting in the isolation of four compounds identified as oleic acid, coumarin, 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, and 1,3-dioleoylglycerol with MICs of 15-100 μg/ml against hemagglutination. We believe that the isolation and purification of these compounds will expand the application of M. ciliatum as a natural therapeutic or preventative agent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Monechma ciliatum or black mahlab is a famous medicinal plant that grows in some parts of arid and semi-arid areas of tropical Africa including western Sudan. Despite its nutritional and traditional medical applications, no studies have evaluated its anti-hemagglutination activity against periodontal pathogens. In this study, four active compounds (oleic acid, coumarin, 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, and 1,3-dioleoylglycerol) were isolated and identified from an aqueous extract of M. ciliatum seeds. The isolated compounds revealed high levels of inhibitory activity against all hemagglutinin agents secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis. This evidence of inhibitory activity will encourage the application of M. ciliatum effectively as a functional food or therapeutic agent to prevent periodontal diseases in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Eltigani
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mohamed M Eltayeb
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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23
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Jin X, Lee YJ, Hong SH. Canavalia ensiformis-derived lectin inhibits biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:300-310. [PMID: 30240117 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM A lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) derived from Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) exhibits high-binding affinity to carbohydrates on bacterial cell surfaces. The objective of this study was to inhibit the biofilm formation of the foodborne pathogens enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes using ConA prepared by a membrane-based extraction method. METHODS AND RESULTS ConA was extracted using a simple and inexpensive membrane method instead of a chromatography approach. The extracted ConA was effective in inhibiting biofilms of E. coli by 30-fold and L. monocytogenes by 140-fold. In addition, ConA decreased the swimming motility of enterohemorrhagic E. coli EDL933 (EHEC) by 37%, resulting in low biofilm formation, as ConA binding to the bacterial cell surfaces might cause a reduced capability to adhere due to low cellular motility. We confirmed that the extracted ConA contains active components at less than 10 kDa as well as ConA multimers (>30 kDa) that repress EHEC biofilms. Additionally, noncell-based mannose reduced the activity of ConA in inhibiting biofilms. CONCLUSIONS ConA extracted using the membrane-based method is active in inhibiting the biofilm formation by E. coli and L. monocytogenes via the mannose-binding affinity of ConA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY ConA can be used as a promising anti-adherent and antibiofilm agent in inhibiting biofilm formation by enterohemorrhagic E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The membrane-based extraction approach may be applied for the economic production of biologically active lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S H Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Wu Q, John A, Jiang Y, Yang J, Liu H, Yang B. Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable “okra” and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. Food Chem 2018; 242:211-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Guzman J, Téné N, Touchard A, Castillo D, Belkhelfa H, Haddioui-Hbabi L, Treilhou M, Sauvain M. Anti-Helicobacter pylori Properties of the Ant-Venom Peptide Bicarinalin. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:E21. [PMID: 29286296 PMCID: PMC5793108 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom peptide bicarinalin, previously isolated from the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum, is an antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity. In this study, we investigate the potential of bicarinalin as a novel agent against Helicobacter pylori, which causes several gastric diseases. First, the effects of synthetic bicarinalin have been tested against Helicobacter pylori: one ATCC strain, and forty-four isolated from stomach ulcer biopsies of Peruvian patients. Then the cytoxicity of bicarinalin on human gastric cells and murine peritoneal macrophages was measured using XTT and MTT assays, respectively. Finally, the preventive effect of bicarinalin was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy using an adherence assay of H. pylori on human gastric cells treated with bicarinalin. This peptide has a potent antibacterial activity at the same magnitude as four antibiotics currently used in therapies against H. pylori. Bicarinalin also inhibited adherence of H. pylori to gastric cells with an IC50 of 0.12 μg·mL-1 and had low toxicity for human cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that bicarinalin can significantly decrease the density of H. pylori on gastric cells. We conclude that Bicarinalin is a promising compound for the development of a novel and effective anti-H. pylori agent for both curative and preventive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Guzman
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
| | - Nathan Téné
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Axel Touchard
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Denis Castillo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
| | - Haouaria Belkhelfa
- Fonderephar, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Laila Haddioui-Hbabi
- Fonderephar, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417-BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
| | - Michel Sauvain
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima 34, Peru.
- UMR 152 PHARMADEV, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, IRD, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Cires MJ, Wong X, Carrasco-Pozo C, Gotteland M. The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Nutr 2017; 3:57. [PMID: 28097121 PMCID: PMC5206694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Salas-Jara MJ, Sanhueza EA, Retamal-Díaz A, González C, Urrutia H, García A. Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C biofilm formation on AGS and Caco-2 cells and Helicobacter pylori inhibition. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1245-1257. [PMID: 27834106 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1249367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the human isolate Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C to form biofilm and synthesize exopolysaccharide on abiotic and biotic models is described. These properties were compared with the well-known Lactobacillus casei Shirota to better understand their anti-Helicobacter pylori probiotic activities. The two strains of lactobacilli synthesized exopolysaccharide as detected by the Dubois method and formed biofilm on abiotic and biotic surfaces visualized by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Concomitantly, these strains inhibited H. pylori urease activity by up to 80.4% (strain UCO-979C) and 66.8% (strain Shirota) in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, but the two species showed equal levels of inhibition (~84%) in colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The results suggest that L. fermentum UCO-979C has probiotic potential against H. pylori infections. However, further analyses are needed to explain the increased activity observed against the pathogen in AGS cells as compared to L. casei Shirota.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Salas-Jara
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - E A Sanhueza
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - A Retamal-Díaz
- b Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - C González
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - H Urrutia
- c Laboratorio de Investigación de Estructura, Función y Aplicaciones en Biotecnología Ambiental de Biopelículas Microbianas, Centro de Biotecnología , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - A García
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
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Surface Treatments of Titanium with Antibacterial Agents for Implant Applications. MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31849-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Papa R, Selan L, Parrilli E, Tilotta M, Sannino F, Feller G, Tutino ML, Artini M. Anti-Biofilm Activities from Marine Cold Adapted Bacteria Against Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1333. [PMID: 26696962 PMCID: PMC4677098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have great negative impacts on the world’s economy and pose serious problems to industry, public health and medicine. The interest in the development of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation has increased. Since, bacterial pathogens living in biofilm induce persistent chronic infections due to the resistance to antibiotics and host immune system. A viable approach should target adhesive properties without affecting bacterial vitality in order to avoid the appearance of resistant mutants. Many bacteria secrete anti-biofilm molecules that function in regulating biofilm architecture or mediating the release of cells from it during the dispersal stage of biofilm life cycle. Cold-adapted marine bacteria represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity able to synthesize a broad range of bioactive compounds, including anti-biofilm molecules. The anti-biofilm activity of cell-free supernatants derived from sessile and planktonic cultures of cold-adapted bacteria belonging to Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, and Psychromonas species were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Reported results demonstrate that we have selected supernatants, from cold-adapted marine bacteria, containing non-biocidal agents able to destabilize biofilm matrix of all tested pathogens without killing cells. A preliminary physico-chemical characterization of supernatants was also performed, and these analyses highlighted the presence of molecules of different nature that act by inhibiting biofilm formation. Some of them are also able to impair the initial attachment of the bacterial cells to the surface, thus likely containing molecules acting as anti-biofilm surfactant molecules. The described ability of cold-adapted bacteria to produce effective anti-biofilm molecules paves the way to further characterization of the most promising molecules and to test their use in combination with conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
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Inhibition of in vitro adhesion and virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis by aqueous extract and polysaccharides from Rhododendron ferrugineum L. A new way for prophylaxis of periodontitis? Fitoterapia 2015; 107:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Schmuch J, Beckert S, Brandt S, Löhr G, Hermann F, Schmidt TJ, Beikler T, Hensel A. Extract from Rumex acetosa L. for prophylaxis of periodontitis: inhibition of bacterial in vitro adhesion and of gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis by epicatechin-3-O-(4β→8)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (procyanidin-B2-Di-gallate). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120130. [PMID: 25803708 PMCID: PMC4372542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aerial parts of Rumex acetosa L. have been used in traditional European medicine for inflammatory diseases of the mouth epithelial tissue. The following study aimed to investigate the influence of a proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from R. acetosa extract against the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a pathogen strongly involved in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. A further goal was to define the bioactive lead structures responsible for a potential antiadhesive activity and to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of the antiadhesive effects. METHODOLOGY An extract of R. acetosa (RA1) with a defined mixture of flavan-3-ols, oligomeric proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, was used. Its impact on P. gingivalis adhesion to KB cells was studied by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and in situ adhesion assay using murine buccal tissue. RA1 and its compounds 1 to 15 were further investigated for additional effects on gingipain activity, hemagglutination and gene expression by RT-PCR. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS RA1 (5 to 15 μg/mL) reduced P. gingivalis adhesion in a dose-dependent manner to about 90%. Galloylated proanthocyanidins were confirmed to be responsible for this antiadhesive effect with epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β,8)-epicatechin-3'-O-gallate (syn. procyanidin B2-di-gallate) being the lead compound. Ungalloylated flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins were inactive. RA1 and the galloylated proanthocyanidins strongly interact with the bacterial virulence factor Arg-gingipain, while the corresponding Lys-gingipain was hardly influenced. RA1 inhibited also hemagglutination. In silico docking studies indicated that epicatechin-3-O-gallate-(4β,8)-epicatechin-3'-O-gallate interacts with the active side of Arg-gingipain and hemaglutinin from P. gingivalis; the galloylation of the molecule seems to be responsible for fixation of the ligand to the protein. In conclusion, the proanthocyanidin-enriched extract RA1 and its main active constituent procyanidin B2-di-gallate protect cells from P. gingivalis infection by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to the host cell. RA1 and procyanidin B2-di-gallate appear to be promising candidates for future cytoprotective preparations for oral mouth care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schmuch
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Beckert
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone Brandt
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Gesine Löhr
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Hermann
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontics and Endodontics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Münster, Germany
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El-Deeb N, Sharaf MM, El-Adawi H. Antibacterial and Plasmid Curing Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Strains. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.114.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Robyn J, Rasschaert G, Pasmans F, Heyndrickx M. Thermotolerant Campylobacter during Broiler Rearing: Risk Factors and Intervention. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:81-105. [PMID: 33401809 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacters are one of the most important bacterial causative agents of human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In most European Union (EU) member states human campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli following consumption or inadequate handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. To date, no effective strategy to control Campylobacter colonization of broilers during rearing is available. In this review, we describe the public health problem posed by Campylobacter presence in broilers and list and critically review all currently known measures that have been researched to lower the numbers of Campylobacter bacteria in broilers during rearing. We also discuss the most promising measures and which measures should be investigated further. We end this review by elaborating on readily usable measures to lower Campylobacter introduction and Campylobacter numbers in a broiler flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robyn
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium.,the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Xu X. Plant Polysaccharides and Their Effects on Cell Adhesion. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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González-Ortiz G, Bronsoms S, Quarles Van Ufford HC, Halkes SBA, Virkola R, Liskamp RMJ, Beukelman CJ, Pieters RJ, Pérez JF, Martín-Orúe SM. A proteinaceous fraction of wheat bran may interfere in the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli K88 (F4+) to porcine epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104258. [PMID: 25119298 PMCID: PMC4138013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran (WB) from Triticum aestivum has many beneficial effects on human health. To the best of our knowledge, very little has been published about its ability to prevent pathogenic bacterial adhesion in the intestine. Here, a WB extract was fractionated using different strategies, and the obtained fractions were tested in different in vitro methodologies to evaluate their interference in the attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 to intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) with the aim of identifying the putative anti-adhesive molecules. It was found that a proteinaceous compound in the >300-kDa fraction mediates the recognition of ETEC K88 to IPEC-J2. Further fractionation of the >300-kDa sample by size-exclusion chromatography showed several proteins below 90 kDa, suggesting that the target protein belongs to a high-molecular-weight (MW) multi-component protein complex. The identification of some relevant excised bands was performed by mass spectrometry (MS) and mostly revealed the presence of various protease inhibitors (PIs) of low MW: Serpin-Z2B, Class II chitinase, endogenous alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM3. Furthermore, an incubation of the WB extract with ETEC K88 allowed for the identification of a 7S storage protein globulin of wheat, Globulin 3 of 66 kDa, which may be one of the most firmly attached WB proteins to ETEC K88 cells. Further studies should be performed to gain an understanding of the molecular recognition of the blocking process that takes place. All gathered information can eventually pave the way for the development of novel anti-adhesion therapeutic agents to prevent bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma González-Ortiz
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sílvia Bronsoms
- Servei de Proteòmica i Biologia Estructural, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mòdul B Parc de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H. C. Quarles Van Ufford
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. Bart A. Halkes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ritva Virkola
- Department of Biosciences, General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob M. J. Liskamp
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. Beukelman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José Francisco Pérez
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana María Martín-Orúe
- Servei de Nutrició i Benestar Animal (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Inngjerdingen KT, Thöle C, Diallo D, Paulsen BS, Hensel A. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells by aqueous extracts and pectic polysaccharides from the roots of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. and Vernonia kotschyana Sch. Bip. ex Walp. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Nontraditional therapies to treat Helicobacter pylori infection. J Microbiol 2014; 52:259-72. [PMID: 24682990 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Helicobacter pylori is increasingly more resistant to the three major antibiotics (metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin) that are most commonly used to treat infection. As a result, there is an increased rate of treatment failure; this translates into an overall higher cost of treatment due to the need for increased length of treatment and/or the requirement for combination or sequential therapy. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, the complicated treatment regime, and issues related to patient compliance that stem from the duration and complexity of treatment, there is clearly a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat H. pylori infection. As such, researchers are actively investigating the utility of antimicrobial peptides, small molecule inhibitors and naturopathic therapies. Herein we review and discuss each of these novel approaches as a means to target this important gastric pathogen.
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Plant polysaccharides and their effects on cell adhesion. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_67-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ahmad I, Husain FM, Maheshwari M, Zahin M. Medicinal Plants and Phytocompounds: A Potential Source of Novel Antibiofilm Agents. SPRINGER SERIES ON BIOFILMS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-53833-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Traditional medicines in Africa: an appraisal of ten potent african medicinal plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:617459. [PMID: 24367388 PMCID: PMC3866779 DOI: 10.1155/2013/617459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants as a fundamental component of the African traditional healthcare system is perhaps the oldest and the most assorted of all therapeutic systems. In many parts of rural Africa, traditional healers prescribing medicinal plants are the most easily accessible and affordable health resource available to the local community and at times the only therapy that subsists. Nonetheless, there is still a paucity of updated comprehensive compilation of promising medicinal plants from the African continent. The major focus of the present review is to provide an updated overview of 10 promising medicinal plants from the African biodiversity which have short- as well as long-term potential to be developed as future phytopharmaceuticals to treat and/or manage panoply of infectious and chronic conditions. In this endeavour, key scientific databases have been probed to investigate trends in the rapidly increasing number of scientific publications on African traditional medicinal plants. Within the framework of enhancing the significance of traditional African medicinal plants, aspects such as traditional use, phytochemical profile, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies and also future challenges pertaining to the use of these plants have been explored.
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Marcial G, Messing J, Menchicchi B, Goycoolea FM, Faller G, Graciela FDV, Hensel A. Effects of polysaccharide isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus CRL1190 on human gastric epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Screening the ability of natural feed ingredients to interfere with the adherence of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88 to the porcine intestinal mucus. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:633-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the attachment of bacteria to the intestine by receptor analogues could be a novel approach to prevent enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88-induced diarrhoea in piglets. The objective of the present study was to screen the ability of different feed ingredients (FI) to bind to ETEC K88 (adhesion test, AT) and to block its attachment to the porcine intestinal mucus (blocking test, BT) usingin vitromicrotitration-based models. In the AT, wheat bran (WB), casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) and exopolysaccharides exhibited the highest adhesion to ETEC K88 (P< 0·001). In the BT, WB, CGMP and locust bean (LB) reduced the number of ETEC K88 attached to the intestinal mucus (P< 0·001). For WB and LB, fractionation based on their carbohydrate components was subsequently carried out, and each fraction was evaluated individually. None of the WB fractions reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 to the mucus as did the original extract, suggesting that a protein or glycoprotein could be involved in the recognition process. With regard to the LB fractions, the water-extractable material reduced the adhesion of ETEC K88 (P< 0·001) to the mucus similar to the original extract (P< 0·001), indicating, in this case, that galactomannans or phenolic compounds could be responsible for the recognition process. In conclusion, among the FI screened, the soluble extracts obtained from WB, LB and CGMP exhibited the highest anti-adhesive properties against ETEC K88 in the BT. These results suggest that they may be good candidates to be included in diets of weaned piglets for the prevention of ETEC K88-induced diarrhoea.
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Fan S, Guo L, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yang B, Huang C. Okra polysaccharide improves metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2075-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qinhu Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
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Anti-biofilm activity of the Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Res Microbiol 2013; 164:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides have been shown to mediate many of the cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions that are required for the formation, cohesion and stabilization of bacterial biofilms. However, recent studies have identified several bacterial polysaccharides that inhibit biofilm formation by a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi both in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the composition, modes of action and potential biological roles of antibiofilm polysaccharides recently identified in bacteria and eukarya. Some of these molecules may have technological applications as antibiofilm agents in industry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Rendueles
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Département de Microbiologie, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Département de Microbiologie, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
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Rafsanjany N, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Hensel A. Antiadhesion as a functional concept for protection against uropathogenic Escherichia coli: in vitro studies with traditionally used plants with antiadhesive activity against uropathognic Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:591-597. [PMID: 23211661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Investigation of medicinal plant extracts traditionally used against uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) and identification of antiadhesive effects under in vitro conditions against binding of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on bladder cell surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search on traditionally used medicinal plants for UTI was performed by online data bases and standard herbal monographs. For further identification shortlisting was done by intensive evaluation of results by plausibility and phytochemical aspects. Plant material with documented antibacterial effects was not considered for further investigations. Direct cytotoxicity of EtOH-water (1:1; v/v) extracts of the shortlisted plants was investigated against UPEC strain 2980 and bladder cell line T24. Inhibition of UPEC adhesion to T24 cells was monitored either after pretreatment of bacteria or eukaryotic cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS Literature search on traditionally used medicinal plants for UTI resulted in 275 plant species, from which 20 were shortlisted by a validated selection process for experimental testing. While direct cytotoxicity of the extracts (1-2000 μg/mL) against UPEC and T24 cells was excluded significant antiadhesive effects were monitored for five plant extracts. Two of them, prepared from the rhizome of Agropyron repens L. and the stigmata of Zea mays L. decreased bacterial adhesion (IC(25) 630 μg/mL, IC(50) 1040 μg/mL, resp.) by interacting with bacterial outer membrane proteins, which was shown by pretreatment of UPEC. Preparations of three plant extracts from the leaves of Betula spp. (according to European pharmacopoeia 7.0), Orthosiphon stamineus BENTH. and Urtica spp. showed antiadhesive effects by interacting with T24 cells (IC(50) 415, 1330 μg/mL, resp. IC(25) 580 μg/mL). Combination of two extracts, one interacting with the bacterial surface (Zea mays L., Agropyron repens L.) and one with the eukaryotic target (Orthosiphon stamineus BENTH.) revealed synergistic effects, as shown by strongly decreased IC(50) values (131 μg/mL, 511 μg/mL, resp.). CONCLUSIONS Different plant extracts, traditionally used for UTI, exhibit antiadhesive effects against UPEC under in vitro conditions. Molecular targets can be different, either on the bacterial or on the host cell surface. Combination of these medicinal plants with different targets, as observed often in phytotherapy, results in synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasli Rafsanjany
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Hittorfstraße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Salcedo J, Barbera R, Matencio E, Alegría A, Lagarda MJ. Gangliosides and sialic acid effects upon newborn pathogenic bacteria adhesion: an in vitro study. Food Chem 2012; 136:726-34. [PMID: 23122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the main gangliosides (GM(1), GM(3), GD(3)) and free sialic acid (Neu5Ac) upon the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria implicated in infant diarrhoea is assessed in vitro using the Caco-2 cell line. Concentrations of the bioactive compounds found in the bioaccessible (soluble) fraction of infant formula and human milk are employed. Bacterial adhesion behaviour included enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella entericaserovartyphi, Shigella sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Three different approaches were assayed: pre-incubation of bacteria and compounds before addition to cells (competition); pre-incubation of the cells with compounds (exclusion); and pre-incubation of cells with bacteria (displacement). Furthermore, the spatial localization of the most abundant gangliosides, GM(3) and GD(3), in Caco-2 cells has been determined using confocal microscopy. Results show that GM(3), GD(3), GM(1) and Neu5Ac at the assayed concentrations are able to interfere with the adhesion of several pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal diseases-the greatest effect corresponding to Neu5Ac, followed by GD(3), GM(1) and GM(3). Gangliosides GM(3) and GD(3) are located in the apical and basolateral membranes of the Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salcedo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Ulbricht C, Abrams TR, Conquer J, Costa D, Serrano JMG, Iovin R, Isaac R, Nguyen Y, Rusie E, Tran D, Weissner W, Windsor RC. An evidence-based systematic review of umckaloabo (Pelargonium sidoides) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2012; 7:283-302. [PMID: 22432518 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.507116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review, including written and statistical analysis of scientific literature, expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
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Ganan M, Silván J, Carrascosa A, Martínez-Rodríguez A. Alternative strategies to use antibiotics or chemical products for controlling Campylobacter in the food chain. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Thomas RJ. Receptor mimicry as novel therapeutic treatment for biothreat agents. Bioeng Bugs 2011; 1:17-30. [PMID: 21327124 DOI: 10.4161/bbug.1.1.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specter of intentional release of pathogenic microbes and their toxins is a real threat. This article reviews the literature on adhesins of biothreat agents, their interactions with oligosaccharides and the potential for anti-adhesion compounds as an alternative to conventional therapeutics. The minimal binding structure of ricin has been well characterised and offers the best candidate for successful anti-adhesion therapy based on the Galβ1-4GlcNAc structure. The botulinum toxin serotypes A-F bind to a low number of gangliosides (GT1b, GQ1b, GD1a and GD1b) hence it should be possible to determine the minimal structure for binding. The minimal disaccharide sequence of GalNAcβ1-4Gal found in the gangliosides asialo-GM1 and asialo-GM2 is required for adhesion for many respiratory pathogens. Although a number of adhesins have been identified in bacterial biothreat agents such as Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella species and Burkholderia pseudomallei, specific information regarding their in vivo expression during pneumonic infection is lacking. Limited oligosaccharide inhibition studies indicate the potential of GalNAcβ1-4Gal, GalNAcβ-3Gal and the hydrophobic compound, para-nitrophenol as starting points for the rational design of generic anti-adhesion compounds. A cocktail of multivalent oligosaccharides based on the minimal binding structures of identified adhesins would offer the best candidates for anti-adhesion therapy.
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