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Montes-Robles MA, Gallardo-Pérez MM, Hernández-Flores EJ, Pastelín-Martínez MDL, Sánchez-Bonilla D, Robles-Nasta M, Ocaña-Ramm G, Olivares-Gazca JC, Ruiz-Delgado GJ, Ruiz-Argüelles GJ. In persons with CIDP, auto-HSCT can be conducted fully on an outpatient basis and induces significant clinical responses: A prospective study in a single center. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101944. [PMID: 37866669 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is one of the world's most common treatable neuropathy which usually responds to immunosuppressive treatment. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is an intense way of inducing immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE We analyze the evolution of CIDP patients treated with aHSCT in our center. METHODS Between 2018 and 2023, persons with CIDP were prospectively autografted employing the "Mexican method" to conduct grafts on an outpatient basis, employing cyclophosphamide 200 mg/Kg and rituximab 1000 mg. The protocol is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02674217. RESULTS In our center 21 autologous transplant cases were completed in 2018-2023. Seven patients provided data to assess the efficacy of the procedure. Positive responses (stabilization and/or improvement) were observed in all seven patients: Five reported improvements in the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) score and one reported stabilization. In the Inflammatory Rasch-Built Overall Disability Scale (I-RODS) score. Median INCAT score was 5 (range 1-9), whereas median I-RODS score was 24 (range 11-29). Five patients (71%) reported improvement in the INCAT score, one reported stabilization and one informed worsening; concerning the I-RODS score 5 (71%) informed improvement, whereas two reported stabilization. CONCLUSION aHSCT conducted fully in an outpatient basis, employing the conditioning regimen of the "Mexican method" appears to be a feasible therapeutic option for persons with CIDP. Additional studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moisés Manuel Gallardo-Pérez
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Edgar J Hernández-Flores
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Sánchez-Bonilla
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Max Robles-Nasta
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ocaña-Ramm
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Olivares-Gazca
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Delgado
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Guillermo J Ruiz-Argüelles
- Centro de Hematología y Medicina Interna, Clínica Ruiz, Puebla, Mexico.; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico..
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Stem Cell Therapy in Neuroimmunological Diseases and Its Potential Neuroimmunological Complications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142165. [PMID: 35883607 PMCID: PMC9318423 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the 1990s, transplantations of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells (HSCT and MSCT) and dendritic cell (DCT) have been investigated for the treatment of neurological autoimmune disorders (NADs). With the growing number of transplanted patients, awareness of neuroimmunolgical complications has increased. Therefore, an overview of SCT for the most common NADs and reports of secondary immunity after SCT is provided. Methods: For this narrative review, a literature search of the PubMed database was performed. A total of 86 articles reporting on different SCTs in NADs and 61 articles dealing with immune-mediated neurological complications after SCT were included. For multiple sclerosis (MS), only registered trials and phase I/II or II studies were considered, whereas all available articles on other disorders were included. The different transplantation procedures and efficacy and safety data are presented. Results: In MS patients, beneficial effects of HSCT, MSCT, and DCT with a decrease in disability and stabilization of disease activity have been reported. These effects were also shown in other NADs mainly in case reports. In seven of 132 reported patients with immune-mediated neurological complications, the outcome was fatal. Conclusions: Phase III trials are ongoing for MS, but the role of SCT in other NADs is currently limited to refractory patients due to occasional serious complications.
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Meléndez-Flores JD, Ramos-Dávila EM, González-Treviño M, Gómez-Almaguer D. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for uncommon immune-mediated neurological disorders: A literature review. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:676-685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Urbain F, Labeyrie C, Castilla-Llorente C, Cintas P, Puma A, Maubeuge N, Puyade M, Farge D. [Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:639-649. [PMID: 33773849 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a dysimmune neuropathy with sensory and/or motor symptoms due to destruction of the myelin sheat secondary to an auto-immune attack. A quarter to a third of patients do not respond to immunomodulatory first line recommended therapies. No second line treatment has shown its effectiveness with a sufficient level of evidence. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a promising therapy for autoimmune disease, especially for CIDP in recent works. We present in this article an update on the diagnosis of CIDP, its conventional treatments as well as the results of AHSCT in this indication, which was the subject of French recommendations under the aegis of the SFGMTC and neuromuscular disease french faculty (FILNEMUS) as a third line therapy after failure of two first-line and one second-line treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Urbain
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, service de medecine interne, groupe hospitalier universitaire Paris Sud, hôpital Bicêtre, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France.
| | - C Labeyrie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre de reference maladies rares neuropathies amyloïdes familiales et autres neuropathies peripheriques rares, service de neurologie, groupe hospitalier universitaire Paris Sud, hôpital Bicêtre, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre cedex, France
| | - C Castilla-Llorente
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, service d'hématologie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - P Cintas
- Explorations neurophysiologiques, centre SLA, centre de référence de pathologie neuromusculaire, CHU Toulouse, hôpital Pierre-Paul-Riquet, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - A Puma
- Maladies du systeme nerveux peripherique et du muscle, Centre SLA, hôpital Pasteur 2-Zone C, CS 51069, 06001 Nice cedex 1, France
| | - N Maubeuge
- CHU de Poitiers, service de neurologie, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - M Puyade
- CHU de Poitiers, service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France; CHU de Poitiers, CIC-1402, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - D Farge
- Unité de médecine interne, maladies auto-immunes et pathologie vasculaire UF04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Île-de-France MATHEC Hôpital Saint-Louis, UF04, Filière 'FAI2R', 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 3518, Paris, France; Département de Médecine, Université McGill, Montreal, QC, Canada
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5
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Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 48:760-766. [PMID: 33631093 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) refractory to conventional therapy can lead to marked disability and represents a therapeutic challenge. OBJECTIVE To report five cases of treatment-refractory disabling CIDP treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care referral center for both neuromuscular disease and AHSCT. Patients with CIDP treated with AHSCT between 2008 and 2020 were included. All patients had major persistent and disabling neuropathic deficits despite combinations of intensive immunosuppressive therapy. The primary outcome measures were: Medical Research Council sum score, Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale and requirement for ongoing CIDP immunotherapy after transplantation. We also analyzed safety outcomes by documenting all severe AHSCT-related complications. RESULTS Five patients with refractory CIDP underwent AHSCT. Three were classified as manifesting a typical syndrome, two were classified as the multifocal Lewis Sumner variant. The mean age at time of CIDP diagnosis was 33.4 years (range 24-46 years), with a median delay of 46 months (range 21-135 months) between diagnosis and AHSCT. The median follow-up period was 41 months. All five patients were able to wean off CIDP-related immunotherapy. Marked improvements in Medical Research Council scale and overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale were noted in 4/5 patients. One patient with longstanding neurogenic atrophy showed no improvement in disability scales. There were no treatment-related deaths or critical illnesses. CONCLUSIONS AHSCT can achieve marked sustained clinical improvement of refractory CIDP and may allow for weaning off long-term complex immunotherapies.
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6
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Das J, Sharrack B, Snowden JA. Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in neurological disorders: current approach and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1299-1313. [PMID: 32893698 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1820325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT) has become increasingly popular in recent years as an effective treatment of immune-mediated neurological diseases. Treatment-related mortality has significantly reduced primarily through better patient selection, optimization of transplant technique, and increased center experience. AREA COVERED Multiple sclerosis is the main indication, but people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, stiff-person spectrum disorder, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, and other immune-mediated neurological disorders also have been treated. The review herein discusses the use of AHSCT in these neurological disorders, the importance of patient selection and transplant technique optimization and future directions. EXPERT OPINION Phase II and III clinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of AHSCT in multiple sclerosis and recent phase II clinical trials have also suggested its safety and efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, with the evidence in other neurological disorders limited to individual case reports, small case series, and registry data. Therefore, further randomized controlled clinical trials are required to assess its safety and efficacy in other neurological conditions. However, in rare neurological conditions, pragmatic treatment trials or registry-based studies may be more realistic options for gathering efficacy and safety data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyutpal Das
- Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust , Salford, UK.,Cardiovascular medicine, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, NIHR Translational Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK
| | - Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neuroscience, NIHR Translational Neuroscience BRC, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Hematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
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7
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. J Neurol 2020; 267:3378-3391. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Sharrack B, Saccardi R, Alexander T, Badoglio M, Burman J, Farge D, Greco R, Jessop H, Kazmi M, Kirgizov K, Labopin M, Mancardi G, Martin R, Moore J, Muraro PA, Rovira M, Sormani MP, Snowden JA. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and other cellular therapy in multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated neurological diseases: updated guidelines and recommendations from the EBMT Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of EBMT and ISCT (JACIE). Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:283-306. [PMID: 31558790 PMCID: PMC6995781 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
These updated EBMT guidelines review the clinical evidence, registry activity and mechanisms of action of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other immune-mediated neurological diseases and provide recommendations for patient selection, transplant technique, follow-up and future development. The major focus is on autologous HSCT (aHSCT), used in MS for over two decades and currently the fastest growing indication for this treatment in Europe, with increasing evidence to support its use in highly active relapsing remitting MS failing to respond to disease modifying therapies. aHSCT may have a potential role in the treatment of the progressive forms of MS with a significant inflammatory component and other immune-mediated neurological diseases, including chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, neuromyelitis optica, myasthenia gravis and stiff person syndrome. Allogeneic HSCT should only be considered where potential risks are justified. Compared with other immunomodulatory treatments, HSCT is associated with greater short-term risks and requires close interspeciality collaboration between transplant physicians and neurologists with a special interest in these neurological conditions before, during and after treatment in accredited HSCT centres. Other experimental cell therapies are developmental for these diseases and patients should only be treated on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- NIHR Neurosciences Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Riccardo Saccardi
- Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Klinik fur Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Badoglio
- EBMT Paris study office, Department of Haematology, Saint Antoine Hospital, INSERM UMR 938, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominique Farge
- Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire (UF 04), Hôpital St-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière, FAI2R, Paris, France
- EA 3518, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raffaella Greco
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Helen Jessop
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Majid Kazmi
- Kings Health Partners, Department of Haematology, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kirill Kirgizov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Myriam Labopin
- EBMT Paris study office, Department of Haematology, Saint Antoine Hospital, INSERM UMR 938, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Gianluigi Mancardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Genova and Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Moore
- Haematology Department, St. Vincent's Health Network, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Montserrat Rovira
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Institut Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pia Sormani
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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Muley SA, Jacobsen B, Parry G, Usman U, Ortega E, Walk D, Allen J, Pasnoor M, Varon M, Dimachkie MM. Rituximab in refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2020; 61:575-579. [PMID: 31922613 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a disorder in which early effective treatment is important to minimize disability from axonal degeneration. It has been suggested that some patients with CIDP may benefit from rituximab therapy, but there is no definitive evidence for this. METHODS Baseline and post-rituximab-therapy neuromuscular Medical Research Council (MRC) sum scores, Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score, and functional status were assessed in 11 patients with refactory CIDP. RESULTS The MRC sum score, INCAT disability score, and functional status improved in all patients after rituximab therapy. DISCUSSION Our study provides evidence of the efficacy of rituximab therapy in at least some patients with CIDP. A placebo-controlled study to assess the effectiveness of rituximab therapy in CIDP with and without nodal antibodies is required to identify disease markers that predict responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj A Muley
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Bill Jacobsen
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Gareth Parry
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Uzma Usman
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Erik Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David Walk
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeff Allen
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Matthew Varon
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Indications de l’autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques dans la polyradiculonévrite inflammatoire démyélinisante chronique : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC). Bull Cancer 2020; 107:S104-S113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Qin Z, Huang Q, Zou J, Tang L, Hu Z, Tang X. Progress in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for CIDP. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:234-241. [PMID: 32038107 PMCID: PMC6990890 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a kind of autoimmune-mediated inflammation and demyelinating disease. The etiology is mainly related to autoimmune dysfunction. The conventional treatments of CIDP have relied on immunomodulation and inhibition therapies such as adrenal cortex hormone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is known as a novel therapy for autoimmune disorders, which provides the chance to cure CIDP. More than 70 patients with refractory CIDP have received HSCT. The clinical symptoms and electrophysiological examination results of most patients have been improved. However, the treatment still has risks. This review describes the pathogenesis of CIDP and the current conventional treatments, and highlights the application of HSCT in CIDP, including its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangying Zou
- Healing With Stem Cell Therapy Inc, PO Box 2289, Shawnee Mission, 66201, KS, USA
| | - Lisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road 139#, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
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12
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Burman J, Tolf A, Hägglund H, Askmark H. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:147-155. [PMID: 28866625 PMCID: PMC5800332 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and myasthenia gravis are leading causes of physical disability in people of working age. In the last decades significant therapeutic advances have been made that can ameliorate the disease course. Nevertheless, many affected will continue to deteriorate despite treatment, and the costs associated with disease-modifying drugs constitute a significant fiscal burden on healthcare in developed countries. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a treatment approach that aims to ameliorate and to terminate disease activity. The erroneous immune system is eradicated using cytotoxic drugs, and with the aid of haematopoietic stem cells a new immune system is rebuilt. As of today, more than 1000 patients with multiple sclerosis have been treated with this procedure. Available data suggest that autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is superior to conventional treatment in terms of efficacy with an acceptable safety profile. A smaller number of patients with other neuroinflammatory conditions have been treated with promising results. Herein, current data on clinical effect and safety of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for neurological disease are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Tolf
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Hägglund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Askmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Rajabally YA. Unconventional treatments for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2017; 7:331-342. [PMID: 29043889 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the unconventional treatments used in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). First line, evidence-based treatments for CIDP include corticosteroids, immunoglobulins and plasma exchanges. Several unproven treatments are however given in treatment-refractory disease or to reduce requirements in validated therapies for reasons of side effects/practical delivery/cost. Despite methodological issues, IFN-α, azathioprine and methotrexate have not been shown to be useful in randomized controlled trials. Cyclophosphamide, rituximab and, as final resort in highly selected cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplant may be options considered in severely disabled refractory patients. Debatably, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil are still occasionally used, among others, in milder disease. Physical therapy may be of benefit in CIDP but is not systematically considered as an integral part of management strategies. Current literature relating to unconventional therapies in CIDP is reviewed here and the possible avenues that require consideration in severe refractory disease and less disabling forms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf A Rajabally
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston Brain Centre, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Regional Neuromuscular Clinic, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Rajabally YA, Stettner M, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP, Malik RA. CIDP and other inflammatory neuropathies in diabetes — diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:599-611. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Mahdi‐Rogers M, Brassington R, Gunn AA, van Doorn PA, Hughes RAC. Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5:CD003280. [PMID: 28481421 PMCID: PMC6481566 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003280.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a disease that causes progressive or relapsing and remitting weakness and numbness. It is probably caused by an autoimmune process. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs would be expected to be beneficial. This review was first published in 2003 and has been updated most recently in 2016. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange in CIDP. SEARCH METHODS On 24 May 2016, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 4) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and LILACS for completed trials, and clinical trial registers for ongoing trials. We contacted the authors of the trials identified and other disease experts seeking other published and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We sought randomised and quasi-randomised trials of all immunosuppressive agents, such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, ciclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab, and all immunomodulatory agents, such as interferon (IFN) alfa and IFN beta, in participants fulfilling standard diagnostic criteria for CIDP. We included all comparisons of these agents with placebo, another treatment, or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We wanted to measure the change in disability after one year as our primary outcome. Our secondary outcomes were change in disability after four or more weeks (from randomisation); change in impairment after at least one year; change in maximum motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude after one year; and for participants who were receiving corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), the amount of this medication given during at least one year after randomisation. Participants with one or more serious adverse events during the first year was also a secondary outcome. MAIN RESULTS Four trials fulfilled the selection criteria: one of azathioprine (27 participants), two of IFN beta-1a (77 participants in total) and one of methotrexate (60 participants). The risk of bias was considered low in the trials of IFN beta-1a and methotrexate but high in the trial of azathioprine. None of the trials showed significant benefit in any of the outcomes selected by their authors. The results of the outcomes which approximated most closely to the primary outcome for this review were as follows.In the azathioprine trial there was a median improvement in the Neuropathy Impairment Scale (scale range 0 to 280) after nine months of 29 points (range 49 points worse to 84 points better) in the azathioprine and prednisone treated participants compared with 30 points worse (range 20 points worse to 104 points better) in the prednisone alone group. There were no reports of adverse events.In a cross-over trial of IFN beta-1a with 20 participants, the treatment periods were 12 weeks. The median improvement in the Guy's Neurological Disability Scale (range 1 to 10) was 0.5 grades (interquartile range (IQR) 1.8 grades better to zero grade change) in the IFN beta-1a treatment period and 0.5 grades (IQR 1.8 grades better to 1.0 grade worse) in the placebo treatment period. There were no serious adverse events in either treatment period.In a parallel group trial of IFN beta-1a with 67 participants, none of the outcomes for this review was available. The trial design involved withdrawal from ongoing IVIg treatment. The primary outcome used by the trial authors was total IVIg dose administered from week 16 to week 32 in the placebo group compared with the IFN beta-1a groups. This was slightly but not significantly lower in the combined IFN beta-1a groups (1.20 g/kg) compared with the placebo group (1.34 g/kg, P = 0.75). There were four participants in the IFN beta-1a group and none in the placebo group with one or more serious adverse events, risk ratio (RR) 4.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 to 80.05).The methotrexate trial had a similar design involving withdrawal from ongoing corticosteroid or IVIg treatment. At the end of the trial (approximately 40 weeks) there was no significant difference in the change in the Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, a disability scale (scale range 0 to 12), the median change being 0 (IQR -1 to 0) in the methotrexate group and 0 (IQR -0.75 to 0) in the placebo group. These changes in disability might have been confounded by the reduction in corticosteroid or IVIg dose required by the protocol. There were three participants in the methotrexate group and one in the placebo with one or more serious adverse events, RR 3.56 (95% CI 0.39 to 32.23). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Low-quality evidence from randomised trials does not show significant benefit from azathioprine or interferon beta-1a and moderate-quality evidence from one randomised trial does not show significant benefit from a relatively low dose of methotrexate for the treatment of CIDP. None of the trials was large enough to rule out small or moderate benefit. The evidence from observational studies is insufficient to avoid the need for randomised controlled trials to discover whether these drugs are beneficial. Future trials should have improved designs, more sensitive outcome measures relevant to people with CIDP, and longer treatment durations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Brassington
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryQueen Square Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesPO Box 114LondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Angela A Gunn
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryMRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesPO Box 114LondonUKWC1N 3BG
| | - Pieter A van Doorn
- Erasmus University Medical CenterDepartment of NeurologyPO Box 2040RotterdamNetherlands3000 CA
| | - Richard AC Hughes
- National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryMRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesPO Box 114LondonUKWC1N 3BG
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Kelsey PJ, Oliveira MC, Badoglio M, Sharrack B, Farge D, Snowden JA. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases: From basic science to clinical practice. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:71-82. [PMID: 27316390 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on animal studies and serendipitous clinical cases, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used since 1995 as a specific treatment for patients with severe treatment-resistant autoimmune disease (ADs). Despite other clinical developments for autoimmune diseases, including biological therapies, there has been an ongoing requirement for HSCT in some diseases and several thousand procedures have been registered in databases for a wide variety of diseases, predominantly for treatment with autologous HSCT. Currently, the main indications are multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis and Crohn's disease, which are supported by large series and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), whereas retrospective registry analyses support benefit in a range of rarer indications. Research into mechanisms of action has provided insight into how tolerance may be achieved with an intensive one-off treatment. In addition to the profound anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects provided by the cytotoxic regimen, long-term responses in some diseases may be explained by 'resetting' the immune system through thymic reprocessing and generation of increased T-regulatory cell activity. This review aims to summarise the gradual evolution of HSCT in severe autoimmune diseases over the last 20 years, focussing on the recent publication of clinical and scientific studies, as well as evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Kelsey
- Departments of Haematology and Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK.
| | - M-C Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - B Sharrack
- Departments of Haematology and Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - D Farge
- St. Louis hospital, Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, Paris, France; INSERM 1160 Unit, Paris 7 Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 1, Paris, France
| | - J A Snowden
- Departments of Haematology and Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
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Kleyman I, Brannagan TH. Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 15:47. [PMID: 26008811 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is one of the acquired demyelinating neuropathies and is considered to be immune mediated. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical history, neurologic examination, electrophysiologic studies, CSF studies, and pathologic examination. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent irreversible axonal loss and optimize improvement in function. The first-line agents for treatment are intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis, which have all been demonstrated to be effective in controlled studies. Studies have not shown a significant difference between these three treatments, and the initial choice of therapy is often based on availability, cost, ease of administration, and side effect profile. If patients do not respond to one of these agents, they may respond to one of the others and sometimes in combination. If the first-line agents are not effective, chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive agents may be considered. There are limited controlled studies of these modalities, and they are often used in conjunction with a first-line treatment. The majority of patients require long-term therapy to maintain a response and to prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Kleyman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Neurological Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 710 W 168th St, box 163, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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Press R, Askmark H, Svenningsson A, Andersen O, Axelson HW, Strömberg U, Wahlin A, Isaksson C, Johansson JEJ, Hägglund H. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a viable treatment option for CIDP. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:618-24. [PMID: 24262917 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only 70-80% of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) respond satisfactorily to the established first-line immunomodulatory treatments. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has been performed as a last treatment resort in a few therapy-refractory cases with CIDP. We describe the results of AHSCT in 11 consecutive Swedish patients with therapy-refractory CIDP with a median follow-up time of 28 months. METHOD Case data were gathered retrospectively for AHSCT treatments in 11 patients with CIDP refractory to the first-line immunomodulatory treatments, intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin, corticosteroids and plasma exchange and to one or more second-line treatments used in 10 of the 11 patients. RESULTS The median Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) score within 1 month prior to AHSCT was 6 and the Rankin score 4. Total INCAT and Rankin scores improved significantly within 2-6 months after AHSCT and continued to do so at last follow-up. The motor action potential amplitudes (CMAP) improved already within 4 months (median) after AHSCT. Three of the 11 patients relapsed during the follow-up period, requiring retransplantation with AHSCT in one. Eight of the 11 patients maintained drug-free remission upon last follow-up. AHSCT was safe but on the short term associated with a risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, CMV disease, haemorrhagic cystitis and pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Our results though hampered by the limited number of patients and the lack of a control group suggest AHSCT to be efficacious in therapy-refractory CIDP, with a manageable complication profile. Confirmation of these results is necessary through randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Press
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, , Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
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Lehmann HC, Hughes RAC, Hartung HP. Treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 115:415-27. [PMID: 23931793 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52902-2.00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a sporadically occurring, acquired neuropathic condition of autoimmune origin with chronic progressive or relapsing-remitting disease course. CIDP is a treatable disorder; a variety of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents are available to modify, impede, and even reverse the neurological deficits and sequelae that manifest in the course of the disease. However, in many cases CIDP is not curable. Challenges that remain in the treatment of CIDP patients are well recognized and include a remarkably individual heterogeneity in terms of disease course and treatment response as well as a lack of objective and feasible measures to predict and monitor the responsiveness to the available therapies. In this chapter an overview of the currently used drugs in the treatment of CIDP patients is given and some important and controversial issues that arise in the context of care for CIDP patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Mahdi-Rogers M, van Doorn PA, Hughes RAC. Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD003280. [PMID: 23771584 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003280.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a disease causing progressive or relapsing and remitting weakness and numbness. It is probably due to an autoimmune process. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs would be expected to be beneficial. This review was first published in 2003 and has been most recently updated in 2013. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review systematically the evidence from randomised trials of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for CIDP. SEARCH METHODS On 9 July 2012, we searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (July 2012), CENTRAL (2012, Issue 6 in The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (January 1977 to July 2012), EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2012), CINAHL (January 1982 to July 2012) and LILACS (January 1982 to July 2012). We contacted the authors of the trials identified and other disease experts seeking other published and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We sought randomised and quasi-randomised trials of all immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, ciclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab and all immunomodulatory agents such as interferon alfa and interferon beta, in participants fulfilling standard diagnostic criteria for CIDP. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected trials, judged their risk of bias and extracted data. We wanted to measure the change in disability after one year as our primary outcome. Our secondary outcomes were change in disability after four or more weeks (from randomisation), change in impairment after at least one year, change in maximum motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude after one year and for those participants who were receiving corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin, the amount of this medication given during at least one year after randomisation. Participants with one or more serious adverse events during the first year was also a secondary outcome. MAIN RESULTS Four trials fulfilled the selection criteria, one of azathioprine (27 participants), two of interferon beta-1a (77 participants in total) and one of methotrexate (60 participants). The risk of bias in the two trials of interferon beta-1a for CIDP and the trial of methotrexate was assessed to be low but bias in the trial of azathioprine was judged high. None of these trials showed significant benefit in the primary outcome (measured only in the methotrexate study) or secondary outcomes selected for this review. Severe adverse events occurred no more frequently than in the placebo groups for methotrexate and interferon beta-1a, but participant numbers were low. There was no adverse event reporting in the azathioprine study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from randomised trials does not show significant benefit from azathioprine, interferon beta-1a or methotrexate but none of the trials was large enough to rule out small or moderate benefit. The evidence from observational studies is insufficient to avoid the need for randomised controlled trials to discover whether these drugs are beneficial. Future trials should have improved designs, more sensitive outcome measures and longer durations.
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Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2013; 15:350-66. [PMID: 23564314 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-013-0229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Chronic Inflammatory polyneuropathies are an important group of neuromuscular disorders that present chronically and progress over more than 8 weeks, being referred to as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Despite tremendous progress in elucidating disease pathogenesis, the exact triggering event remains unknown. Our knowledge regarding diagnosis and management of CIDP and its variants continues to expand, resulting in improved opportunities for identification and treatment. Most clinical neurologists will be involved in the management of patients with these disorders, and should be familiar with available therapies for CIDP. We review the distinctive clinical, laboratory, and electro-diagnostic features that aid in diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of clinical patterns that define treatment responsiveness and the most appropriate therapies in order to improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3599 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA,
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Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an immune disorder of the peripheral nervous system. This article highlights our current understanding of the condition along with its phenotypic variants that are encountered in clinical practice. The diagnostic evaluation of CIDP includes laboratory studies to detect associated medical conditions and electrodiagnostic studies to assess for demyelination. Current treatment options include corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immune globulin, along with alternative therapies that may be used as corticosteroid-sparing agents or for treatment-refractory cases. Approximately 85% to 90% of patients eventually improve or stabilize with treatment, and the long-term prognosis of CIDP is favorable.
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Multifocal motor neuropathy, multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, and other chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy variants. Neurol Clin 2013; 31:533-55. [PMID: 23642723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathies (CADP) constitute an important group of immune neuromuscular disorders affecting myelin. This article discusses CADP with emphasis on multifocal motor neuropathy, multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy, distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, and less common variants. Although each of these entities has distinctive laboratory and electrodiagnostic features that aid in their diagnosis, clinical characteristics are of paramount importance in diagnosing specific conditions and determining the most appropriate therapies. Knowledge regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of these disorders continues to expand, resulting in improved opportunities for identification and treatment.
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25
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Stork ACJ, van der Pol WL, van Kessel D, Lokhorst HM, Notermans NC. Effect of stem cell transplantation for B-cell malignancies on disease course of associated polyneuropathy. J Neurol 2012; 259:2100-4. [PMID: 22399147 PMCID: PMC3464387 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
B cell dyscrasias are often refractory to medical treatments, and hematological stem cell therapy (SCT) may be warranted. It is not clear whether an associated polyneuropathy may also profit from SCT. In exceptional cases SCT has been tried in patients with monoclonal gammopathy and progressive polyneuropathy refractory to medical treatments. In a cohort of 225 patients with monoclonal gammopathy and polyneuropathy, we selected the six patients who underwent SCT and retrospectively examined the effects of SCT on the disease course of the associated polyneuropathy. In all patients except one, the indication for SCT was hemato-oncological (multiple myeloma in 4 patients and primary AL amyloidosis in 1). The remaining patient had an IgG monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and a progressive and painful polyneuropathy for which she was treated with SCT. SCT led to improvement of motor scores and autonomic symptoms in one patient; three patients experienced improvement of neuropathic pain or sensory deficits but showed further progression of weakness. One patient showed no improvement at all. One patient died within 100 days after SCT. In conclusion, SCT as a treatment of refractory hematological malignancy may occasionally have a positive effect on the associated progressive polyneuropathy, although the benefits are very limited and the treatment-related mortality is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C J Stork
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mahdi-Rogers M, Swan AV, van Doorn PA, Hughes RA. Immunomodulatory treatment other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD003280. [PMID: 21069674 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003280.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is a disease causing progressive or relapsing and remitting weakness and numbness. It is probably due to an autoimmune process. Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs would be expected to be beneficial. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review systematically the evidence from randomised trials of cytotoxic drugs and interferons other than corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and plasma exchange for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialised Register (May 2010), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2), MEDLINE (January 1977 to May 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to May 2010), CINAHL (January 1982 to May 2010) and LILACS (January 1982 to May 2010). We contacted the authors of the trials identified and other disease experts seeking other published and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA We sought randomised and quasi-randomised trials of all immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, ciclosporin A, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab and all immunomodulatory agents such as interferon alfa and interferon beta in participants fulfilling standard diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected trials, judged their methodological quality and extracted data. We wanted to measure the change in disability after one year as our primary outcome. Our secondary outcomes were change in disability after four or more weeks (from randomisation), change in impairment after at least one year, change in maximum motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential amplitude after one year and for those participants who were receiving corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin, the amount of this medication given during at least one year after randomisation. Participants with one or more serious adverse events during the first year was also a secondary outcome. MAIN RESULTS Four trials fulfilled the selection criteria, one of azathioprine (27 participants), two of interferon beta-1a (77 participants in total) and one of methotrexate (60 participants). None of these trials showed significant benefit in the primary outcome or secondary outcomes selected for this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence from randomised trials does not show significant benefit from azathioprine, interferon beta-1a or methotrexate but none of the trials was large enough to rule out small or moderate benefit. The evidence from observational studies is insufficient to avoid the need for randomised controlled trials to discover whether these drugs are beneficial. Future trials should have improved designs, more sensitive outcome measures and longer durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahdi-Rogers
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK, SE5 9RS
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Brannagan TH, Patterson SK. Alemtuzumab: the future of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy treatment? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:319-21. [PMID: 20441416 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Investigations and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and other inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol 2010; 23:242-8. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e3283394203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mahdi-Rogers M, Kazmi M, Ferner R, Hughes RAC, Renaud S, Steck AJ, Fuhr P, Halter J, Gratwohl A, Tyndall A. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2009; 14:118-24. [PMID: 19691534 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2009.00221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Six patients with chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathy (CADP) were treated with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Two with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome improved-improvement was sustained in one but relapsed and required repeat transplant in the other. Two of the three with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and one with an IgM paraprotein and antibodies to nerve improved--of the responders, one relapsed after 18 months and the other was in remission after 6 months. Four developed neutropenic septicemia and pneumonia. The role of PBSCT in CADP refractory to other treatment deserves further investigation but the serious adverse events and lack of sustained response in some patients emphasize the need for caution.
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Kuitwaard K, van Doorn PA. Newer Therapeutic Options for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy. Drugs 2009; 69:987-1001. [DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200969080-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Brannagan TH. Current treatments of chronic immune-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathies. Muscle Nerve 2009; 39:563-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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van Schaik IN. What's new in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in 2007-2008? J Peripher Nerv Syst 2009; 13:258-60. [PMID: 19192063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2008.00189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)-related research has made progress in the field of pathogenesis, genetics, and treatment. The number of circulating CD4(+) CD25(+) T-regulatory cells was shown to be reduced in CIDP patients. Increased frequency of genotype GA13-16 of the SH2D2A gene encoding for a T-cell-specific adapter protein in CIDP patients may result in a defective control and elimination of autoreactive T cells. IVIg treatment has been shown to increase numbers and function of peripheral CD4(+) CD25(+) T-regulatory cell in a mouse model. These findings shed new light on the understanding of why peripheral tolerance is breached in CIDP patients and why the disease becomes chronic and adds another possible mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin to the already long list. Long-term effectiveness of IVIg has now been proven. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin could be an alternative for IVIg, but this has to be explored further in well-designed trials. Autologous stem cell transplantation has been tried in refractory patients, but larger trials are necessary to assess safety and effect of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The inflammatory neuropathies are a large diverse group of immune-mediated neuropathies that are amenable to treatment and may be reversible. Their accurate diagnosis is essential for informing the patient of the likely course and prognosis of the disease, informing the treating physician of the appropriate therapy and informing the scientific community of the results of well-targeted, designed and performed clinical trials. With the advent of biological therapies able to manipulate the immune response more specifically, an understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions is increasingly important. This review presents a broad overview of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory neuropathies, concentrating on the most commonly encountered conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P T Lunn
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Bone marrow transplantation, refractory autoimmunity and the contributions of Susumu Ikehara. J Autoimmun 2008; 30:105-7. [PMID: 18243658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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