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Momoh R, Kollamparambil S. A Case Report of a Clinically Suspected Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome With Cardiac Impairment. Cureus 2024; 16:e56980. [PMID: 38665734 PMCID: PMC11045175 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report presents a description of a hypertrophic left ventricle with reduced ejection fraction in a man in his mid-twenties with clinical, radiologic, and biochemical features of a rare syndrome called mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). A literature review of this uncommon syndrome and MELAS cardiomyopathy has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiu Momoh
- Critical Care, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, GBR
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Conti F, Di Martino S, Drago F, Bucolo C, Micale V, Montano V, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Lopriore P. Red Flags in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases: What Should We Recognize? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16746. [PMID: 38069070 PMCID: PMC10706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are complex group of metabolic disorders caused by genetically determined impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The unique features of mitochondrial genetics and the pivotal role of mitochondria in cell biology explain the phenotypical heterogeneity of primary mitochondrial diseases and the resulting diagnostic challenges that follow. Some peculiar features ("red flags") may indicate a primary mitochondrial disease, helping the physician to orient in this diagnostic maze. In this narrative review, we aimed to outline the features of the most common mitochondrial red flags offering a general overview on the topic that could help physicians to untangle mitochondrial medicine complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95213 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Montano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
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Krishnan A, Wu K, Girgis L, Pamphlett R, Tomlinson S, Muthiah K. A mitochondrial cytopathy presenting with persistent troponin elevation: case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad132. [PMID: 37123645 PMCID: PMC10141452 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial diseases represent an important potential cause of cardiomyopathy and should be considered in patients presenting with multisystem manifestations. Timely diagnosis of a mitochondrial disorder is needed as it can have reproductive implications for the offspring of the proband. Case Summary We describe a case of undifferentiated rising and persistent troponin elevation in a 70-year-old female with only mild heart failure symptoms and signs. An eventual diagnosis of a mitochondrial cytopathy was made after genetic testing, striated muscle, and endomyocardial biopsy. Multidisciplinary involvement was vital in securing the ultimate diagnosis and is a key lesson from this case. On follow up, with institution of heart failure therapy including cardiac resynchronisation device therapy there was improvement in exercise tolerance and symptoms. Discussion For discussion is the investigation of undifferentiated cardiomyopathies and consideration of mitochondrial disorders as an important diagnosis to exclude prior to diagnosis as an idiopathic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Krishnan
- Corresponding author. Tel: +61 2 8382 1111, Fax: +61 2 9369 4155,
| | - Kathy Wu
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laila Girgis
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Sydney Medical School, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Susan Tomlinson
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Towheed A, Goldstein AC. Genetics of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-023-00715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Venketasubramanian N. Advances in Neurological Diseases and Stroke. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020066. [PMID: 36826562 PMCID: PMC9966626 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major cause of death and disability worldwide [...].
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Popoiu TA, Dudek J, Maack C, Bertero E. Cardiac Involvement in Mitochondrial Disorders. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:76-87. [PMID: 36802007 PMCID: PMC9977856 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review pathophysiology and clinical features of mitochondrial disorders manifesting with cardiomyopathy. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanistic studies have shed light into the underpinnings of mitochondrial disorders, providing novel insights into mitochondrial physiology and identifying new therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial disorders are a group of rare genetic diseases that are caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or in nuclear genes that are essential to mitochondrial function. The clinical picture is extremely heterogeneous, the onset can occur at any age, and virtually, any organ or tissue can be involved. Since the heart relies primarily on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to fuel contraction and relaxation, cardiac involvement is common in mitochondrial disorders and often represents a major determinant of their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
- "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Savvatis K, Vissing CR, Klouvi L, Florian A, Rahman M, Béhin A, Fayssoil A, Masingue M, Stojkovic T, Bécane HM, Berber N, Mochel F, Duboc D, Fontaine B, Krett B, Stalens C, Lejeune J, Pitceathly RDS, Lopes L, Saadi M, Gossios T, Procaccio V, Spinazzi M, Tard C, De Groote P, Dhaenens CM, Douillard C, Echaniz-Laguna A, Quinlivan R, Hanna MG, Yilmaz A, Vissing J, Laforêt P, Elliott P, Wahbi K. Cardiac Outcomes in Adults With Mitochondrial Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1421-1430. [PMID: 36202532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mitochondrial diseases are at risk of heart failure (HF) and arrhythmic major adverse cardiac events (MACE). OBJECTIVES We developed prediction models to estimate the risk of HF and arrhythmic MACE in this population. METHODS We determined the incidence and searched for predictors of HF and arrhythmic MACE using Cox regression in 600 adult patients from a multicenter registry with genetically confirmed mitochondrial diseases. RESULTS Over a median follow-up time of 6.67 years, 29 patients (4.9%) reached the HF endpoint, including 19 hospitalizations for nonterminal HF, 2 cardiac transplantations, and 8 deaths from HF. Thirty others (5.1%) reached the arrhythmic MACE, including 21 with third-degree or type II second-degree atrioventricular blocks, 4 with sinus node dysfunction, and 5 sudden cardiac deaths. Predictors of HF were the m.3243A>G variant (HR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.8-10.1), conduction defects (HR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3-6.9), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (HR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-5.8), LV ejection fraction <50% (HR: 10.2; 95% CI: 4.6-22.3), and premature ventricular beats (HR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.7-9.9). Independent predictors for arrhythmia were single, large-scale mtDNA deletions (HR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.7-10.4), conduction defects (HR: 6.8; 95% CI: 3.0-15.4), and LV ejection fraction <50% (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1-7.1). C-indexes of the Cox regression models were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70-0.90) for the HF and arrhythmic MACE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We developed the first prediction models for HF and arrhythmic MACE in patients with mitochondrial diseases using genetic variant type and simple cardiac assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Savvatis
- Inherited Cardiac Conditions Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoffer Rasmus Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Capital Region's Unit for Inherited Cardiac Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anca Florian
- Department of Cardiology I, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mehjabin Rahman
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Béhin
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France
| | - Abdallah Fayssoil
- AP-HP, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France; Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marion Masingue
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France
| | - Henri Marc Bécane
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nawal Berber
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Genetics Department, Inserm UMR S975, CNRS UMR7225, ICM, Paris, France; Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 University, Myology Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Denis Duboc
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris Cedex, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche en Myologie-UMR 974, Service de Neuro-Myologie, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bjørg Krett
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Robert D S Pitceathly
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Lopes
- Inherited Cardiac Conditions Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malika Saadi
- AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Gossios
- Cardiomyopathies Laboratory, 1st Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Equipe Mitolab, Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France; Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France; Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Tard
- Université de Lille, INSERMU1172, Lille, France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord Est Ile de France, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal De Groote
- Service de Cardiologie, Pôle Cardio-vasculaire et Pulmonaire, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France
| | - Claire-Marie Dhaenens
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Claire Douillard
- CHU de Lille, Département d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U1195, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology I, Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Laforêt
- Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France; Nord/Est/Île-de-France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France; INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Université Paris Saclay, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Perry Elliott
- Inherited Cardiac Conditions Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute for Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Wahbi
- AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Reference Center for Muscle Diseases Paris-Est, Myology Institute, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris Cedex, France; Université de Paris, Paris, France; Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, Paris, France.
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Będkowska N, Zontek A, Paprocka J. Stroke-like Episodes in Inherited Neurometabolic Disorders. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100929. [PMID: 36295831 PMCID: PMC9611026 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke-like episodes (SLEs) are significant clinical manifestations of metabolic disorders affecting the central nervous system. Morphological equivalents presented in neuroimaging procedures are described as stroke-like lesions (SLLs). It is crucial to distinguish SLEs from cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, mainly due to the variety in management. Another significant issue to underline is the meaning of the main pathogenetic hypotheses in the development of SLEs. The diagnostic process is based on the patient’s medical history, physical and neurological examination, neuroimaging techniques and laboratory and genetic testing. Implementation of treatment is generally symptomatic and includes L-arginine supplementation and adequate antiepileptic management. The main aim of the current review was to summarize the basic and actual knowledge about the occurrence of SLEs in various inherited neurometabolic disorders, discuss the possible pathomechanism of their development, underline the role of neuroimaging in the detection of SLLs and identification of the electroencephalographic patterns as well as histological abnormalities in inherited disorders of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Będkowska
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta Zontek
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Campbell T, Slone J, Huang T. Mitochondrial Genome Variants as a Cause of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182835. [PMID: 36139411 PMCID: PMC9496904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small double-membraned organelles responsible for the generation of energy used in the body in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are unique in that they contain their own circular mitochondrial genome termed mtDNA. mtDNA codes for 37 genes, and together with the nuclear genome (nDNA), dictate mitochondrial structure and function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic variants in the mtDNA or nDNA can result in mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial disease primarily impacts tissues with high energy demands, including the heart. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is characterized by the abnormal structure or function of the myocardium secondary to genetic defects in either the nDNA or mtDNA. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy can be isolated or part of a syndromic mitochondrial disease. Common manifestations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy are a phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac conduction defects. The underlying pathophysiology of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is complex and likely involves multiple abnormal processes in the cell, stemming from deficient oxidative phosphorylation and ATP depletion. Possible pathophysiology includes the activation of alternative metabolic pathways, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics, abnormal calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial iron overload. Here, we highlight the clinical assessment of mtDNA-related mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and offer a novel hypothesis of a possible integrated, multivariable pathophysiology of disease.
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Nikhanj A, Bautista J, Siddiqi ZA, Phan CL, Oudit GY. Low Prevalence of Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Mitochondrial Disease and Neurological Manifestations. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070221. [PMID: 35877583 PMCID: PMC9320353 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with mitochondrial diseases can develop cardiomyopathy but with variable expressivity and penetrance. Our prospective study enrolled and evaluated a cohort of 53 patients diagnosed with chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia (CPEO, n = 34), Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS, n = 3), neuropathy ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP, n = 1), myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF, n = 1), Harel-Yoon Syndrome (HYS, n = 1) and 13 patients with undefined mitochondrial diseases, presenting primarily with neurological symptoms. Over a 4-year period, six patients in our study cohort were diagnosed with heart disease (11.3%), with only three patients having defined cardiomyopathy (5.7%). Cardiomyopathy was present in a 21-year-old patient with HYS and two CPEO patients having mild cardiomyopathy at an older age. Two CPEO patients had congenital heart disease, and a third CPEO had LV hypertrophy secondary to hypertension. In three patients, traditional risk factors for heart disease, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, and respiratory disease, were present. The majority of our adult cohort of patients have normal cardiac investigations with a median left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 59.0%, indexed LV mass of 67.0 g/m2, and normal diastolic and valvular function at baseline. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed normal cardiac conduction across the study cohort. Importantly, follow-up assessments showed consistent cardiac structure and function. Our study shows a low prevalence of cardiomyopathy and highlights the breadth of phenotypic variability in patients with mitochondrial disorders. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors and aging are important comorbidities in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Nikhanj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jesi Bautista
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.B.); (Z.A.S.); (C.L.P.)
| | - Zaeem A. Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.B.); (Z.A.S.); (C.L.P.)
| | - Cecile L. Phan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.B.); (Z.A.S.); (C.L.P.)
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +780-407-8569; Fax: +780-407-6452
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11
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Hendrix CLF, van den Heuvel FMA, Rodwell L, Timmermans J, Nijveldt R, Janssen MCH, Saris CGJ. Screening and prevalence of cardiac abnormalities on electro- and echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:219-225. [PMID: 35659503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with primary mitochondrial disease (MD), screening with electrocardiogram (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is warranted according to current guidelines as structural cardiac abnormalities are frequent. This study aims to evaluate the cardiac phenotype of a large Dutch cohort of patients with MD and investigates whether ECG alone is sufficient for predicting structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, genetically confirmed MD patients >18 years old with an available ECG and TTE were included. Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Scale for Adults (NMDAS) scores were assessed. ECG's were evaluated for rhythm and conduction disorders, voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and repolarization disorders. Echocardiographic evaluation included left and right ventricular volumes and function, and presence of LVH or concentric remodeling. RESULTS In total, 200 MD patients were included with a median age of 45 years (IQR; 37-57) of whom 36% were male. Of all MD patients, 35% had abnormalities on ECG and 61% on TTE. Most frequent structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE were: global longitudinal strain > - 18% (54%), concentric remodeling (27%) and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <52% (14%). Patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) had the highest prevalence of ECG abnormalities (50% and 47%). TTE abnormalities were most prevalent in patients with MIDD (75%), followed by mitochondrial myopathy (MM) (55%), MELAS (47%) and Mitochondrial Epilepsy and Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) (47%). MD patients with a high disease severity (NMDAS ≥21) had a higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities (44%, p = 0.039) and structural cardiac abnormalities (72%, p = 0.004) compared to patients with a NMDAS score of 11-20 and ≤ 10 (ECG: 34% and 19%; TTE: 63% and 39%). ECG abnormalities had a positive predictive value of 74% and a negative predictive value of 53% for structural cardiac abnormalities on TTE. CONCLUSION MD patients frequently have cardiac involvement especially patients with MIDD, MELAS or high NMDAS score. ECG as sole screening parameter is insufficient to detect structural cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant L F Hendrix
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rodwell
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Timmermans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirian C H Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan G J Saris
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (RCMM), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Ng YS, Lim AZ, Panagiotou G, Turnbull DM, Walker M. Endocrine Manifestations and New Developments in Mitochondrial Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:583-609. [PMID: 35552684 PMCID: PMC9113134 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of common inherited diseases causing disruption of oxidative phosphorylation. Some patients with mitochondrial disease have endocrine manifestations, with diabetes mellitus being predominant but also include hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, and hypoparathyroidism. There have been major developments in mitochondrial disease over the past decade that have major implications for all patients. The collection of large cohorts of patients has better defined the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and the majority of patients with endocrine abnormalities have involvement of several other systems. This means that patients with mitochondrial disease and endocrine manifestations need specialist follow-up because some of the other manifestations, such as stroke-like episodes and cardiomyopathy, are potentially life threatening. Also, the development and follow-up of large cohorts of patients means that there are clinical guidelines for the management of patients with mitochondrial disease. There is also considerable research activity to identify novel therapies for the treatment of mitochondrial disease. The revolution in genetics, with the introduction of next-generation sequencing, has made genetic testing more available and establishing a precise genetic diagnosis is important because it will affect the risk for involvement for different organ systems. Establishing a genetic diagnosis is also crucial because important reproductive options have been developed that will prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease because of mitochondrial DNA variants to the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Albert Zishen Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Mitochondrial stroke-like episodes: the search for new therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Stenton SL, Zou Y, Cheng H, Liu Z, Wang J, Shen D, Jin H, Ding C, Tang X, Sun S, Han H, Ma Y, Zhang W, Jin R, Wang H, Sun D, Lv JL, Prokisch H, Fang F. Leigh syndrome: a study of 209 patients at the Beijing Children's Hospital. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:466-482. [PMID: 35094435 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Stenton
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Image Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Changhong Ding
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiaolu Tang
- Image Center, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Suzhen Sun
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province Taiyuan China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Neurology Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou China
| | - Ruifeng Jin
- Department of Neurology Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology Wuhan Children's Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Jun Lan Lv
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
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15
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MD) include an heterogenous group of systemic disorders caused by sporadic or inherited mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), causing impairment of oxidative phosphorylation system. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the dominant pattern of cardiomyopathy in all forms of mtDNA disease, being observed in almost 40% of the patients. Dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction, and conduction system disturbances have been also reported. In this article, the authors discuss the current clinical knowledge on MD, focusing on diagnosis and management of mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations.
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16
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Dell'Era E, Polidori M, Bernardini M, Capomaccio S, Cappelli K, Balducci F, Mandara MT. Selective symmetrical necrotizing encephalopathy secondary to primary mitochondrial disorder in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2401-2408. [PMID: 34291836 PMCID: PMC8478069 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2‐year‐old female cat was referred for progressive neurological signs indicative of involvement of the prosencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem. Magnetic resonance imaging identified multifocal, bilateral, symmetrical lesions with strong contrast enhancement, affecting multiple areas of the brain. Neuropathology at necropsy showed demyelination, necrotic lesions, spongiosis, and neuropil edema with reactive astrogliosis and neovascularization. Ultrastructural study indicated mitochondrial polymorphism. Genetic investigations outlined 2 polymorphisms within the tRNA‐Leu(UUR) gene of mitochondrial DNA. Imaging and neuropathological findings were consistent with selective symmetrical necrotizing encephalopathy, for which genetic investigations support mitochondrial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dell'Era
- Neurology Unit, AniCura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Polidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, AniCura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical Section, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Balducci
- Neurology Unit, AniCura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria T Mandara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Neuropathology Laboratory, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Lim AZ, Jones DM, Bates MGD, Schaefer AM, O'Sullivan J, Feeney C, Farrugia ME, Bourke JP, Turnbull DM, Gorman GS, McFarland R, Ng YS. Risk of cardiac manifestations in adult mitochondrial disease caused by nuclear genetic defects. Open Heart 2021. [PMCID: PMC8021886 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Regular cardiac surveillance is advocated for patients with primary mitochondrial DNA disease. However, there is limited information to guide clinical practice in mitochondrial conditions caused by nuclear DNA defects. We sought to determine the frequency and spectrum of cardiac abnormalities identified in adult mitochondrial disease originated from the nuclear genome. Methods Adult patients with a genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease were identified and followed up at the national clinical service for mitochondrial disease in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (January 2009 to December 2018). Case notes, molecular genetics reports, laboratory data and cardiac investigations, including serial electrocardiograms and echocardiograms, were reviewed. Results In this cohort-based observational study, we included 146 adult patients (92 women) (mean age 53.6±18.7 years, 95% CI 50.6 to 56.7) with a mean follow-up duration of 7.9±5.1 years (95% CI 7.0 to 8.8). Eleven different nuclear genotypes were identified: TWNK, POLG, RRM2B, OPA1, GFER, YARS2, TYMP, ETFDH, SDHA, TRIT1 and AGK. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 14 patients (9.6%). Seven of these patients (4.8%) had early-onset cardiac manifestations: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy required cardiac transplantation (AGK; n=2/2), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and bifascicular heart block (GFER; n=2/3) and mild LV dysfunction (GFER; n=1/3, YARS2; n=1/2, TWNK; n=1/41). The remaining seven patients had acquired heart disease most likely related to conventional cardiovascular risk factors and presented later in life (14.6±12.8 vs 55.1±8.9 years, p<0.0001). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the risk of cardiac involvement is genotype specific, suggesting that routine cardiac screening is not indicated for most adult patients with nuclear gene-related mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Zishen Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel M Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew G D Bates
- Department of Cardiology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John O'Sullivan
- Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Feeney
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria E Farrugia
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - John P Bourke
- Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Cardiothoracic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Sharma G, Pfeffer G, Shutt TE. Genetic Neuropathy Due to Impairments in Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33810506 PMCID: PMC8066130 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of fusing, dividing, and moving about the cell. These properties are especially important in neurons, which in addition to high energy demand, have unique morphological properties with long axons. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction causes a variety of neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy, which is linked to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Nonetheless, exactly why peripheral neurons are especially sensitive to impaired mitochondrial dynamics remains somewhat enigmatic. Although the prevailing view is that longer peripheral nerves are more sensitive to the loss of mitochondrial motility, this explanation is insufficient. Here, we review pathogenic variants in proteins mediating mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport that cause peripheral neuropathy. In addition to highlighting other dynamic processes that are impacted in peripheral neuropathies, we focus on impaired mitochondrial quality control as a potential unifying theme for why mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments in mitochondrial dynamics in particular cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Child Health Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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19
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Mitochondrial Syndromes Revisited. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061249. [PMID: 33802970 PMCID: PMC8002645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, the knowledge of the genetic basis of mitochondrial diseases has significantly advanced. However, the vast phenotypic variability linked to mitochondrial disorders and the peculiar characteristics of their genetics make mitochondrial disorders a complex group of disorders. Although specific genetic alterations have been associated with some syndromic presentations, the genotype–phenotype relationship in mitochondrial disorders is complex (a single mutation can cause several clinical syndromes, while different genetic alterations can cause similar phenotypes). This review will revisit the most common syndromic pictures of mitochondrial disorders, from a clinical rather than a molecular perspective. We believe that the new phenotype definitions implemented by recent large multicenter studies, and revised here, may contribute to a more homogeneous patient categorization, which will be useful in future studies on natural history and clinical trials.
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20
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Scott Binder M, Roda RH, Corse AM, Sidhu S, Stewart S, Barth AS. Prevalence of heart disease in patients with mitochondrial abnormalities on skeletal muscle biopsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:825-830. [PMID: 33638621 PMCID: PMC8045917 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Whether an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease is present in patients presenting with mitochondrial abnormalities on skeletal muscle biopsy remains unknown. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of cardiac conduction disease and structural heart disease in patients presenting with mitochondrial abnormalities on skeletal muscle biopsy. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 103 patients with mitochondrial abnormalities on skeletal muscle biopsy who were referred for evaluation of muscle weakness at a single tertiary care referral center from 2012 to 2018. Of these patients, 59 (57.3%) had an electrocardiogram available and were evaluated for the presence of conduction disease. An echocardiogram was available in 43 patients (42%) who were evaluated for the presence of structural heart disease. The prevalence of cardiac disease was compared to control cohort populations (Framingham and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, ARIC cohorts). Results Mitochondrial abnormalities associated with cardiac conduction disease (defined as QRS duration ≥ 120 msec) were present in 8.9%, versus 2.0% (p < 0.001) in the Framingham population and 2.6% (p = 0.003) in the ARIC cohort. LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 50%) was present in 11.6%, versus 3.6% (p < 0.01) in the Framingham and 3% (p < 0.01) in the ARIC populations. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 28.6%, versus 13.6% (p < 0.02) in the Framingham and 10.4% (p < 0.001) in the ARIC populations. Interpretation Given the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease, patients with mitochondrial abnormalities on skeletal muscle biopsy should undergo routine cardiac screening with physical exam, electrocardiography, and cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scott Binder
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo H Roda
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea M Corse
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunjeet Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andreas S Barth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Fonseca AC, Almeida AG, Santos MO, Ferro JM. Neurological complications of cardiomyopathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 177:91-109. [PMID: 33632460 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819814-8.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a multifaceted relationship between the cardiomyopathies and a wide spectrum of neurological disorders. Severe acute neurological events, such as a status epilepticus and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, may result in an acute cardiomyopathy the likes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Conversely, the cardiomyopathies may result in a wide array of neurological disorders. Diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy may have already been established at the time of the index neurological event, or the neurological event may have prompted subsequent cardiac investigations, which ultimately lead to the diagnosis of a cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathies belong to one of the many phenotypes of complex genetic diseases or syndromes, which may also involve the central or peripheral nervous systems. A number of exogenous agents or risk factors such as diphtheria, alcohol, and several viruses may result in secondary cardiomyopathies accompanied by several neurological manifestations. A variety of neuromuscular disorders, such as myotonic dystrophy or amyloidosis, may demonstrate cardiac involvement during their clinical course. Furthermore, a number of genetic cardiomyopathies phenotypically incorporate during their clinical evolution, a gamut of neurological manifestations, usually neuromuscular in nature. Likewise, neurological complications may be the result of diagnostic procedures or medications for the cardiomyopathies and vice versa. Neurological manifestations of the cardiomyopathies are broad and include, among others, transient ischemic attacks, ischemic strokes, intracranial hemorrhages, syncope, muscle weakness and atrophy, myotonia, cramps, ataxia, seizures, intellectual developmental disorder, cognitive impairment, dementia, oculomotor palsies, deafness, retinal involvement, and headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Neurology Service, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana G Almeida
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira Santos
- Neurology Service, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Ferro
- Neurology Service, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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22
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Cicero AFG, Fogacci F, Bove M, Borghi C. Successful treatment of a patient with mitochondrial myopathy with alirocumab. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:646-648. [PMID: 32800583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 48-year-old man presented to our lipid clinic with statin intolerance and elevated serum creatine kinase levels, being affected by mitochondrial myopathy because of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA missense mutation in MTCO1 gene (m.7671T>A). He had just been treated with a coronary artery bypass 4 years before because of acute coronary syndrome, and he had consistently high levels of both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Dyslipidemia was successfully treated using 75 mg of alirocumab subcutaneously every 2 weeks, 10 mg of ezetimibe daily, 2 g of marine omega-3 fatty acids daily, and 145 mg of micronized fenofibrate every 2 days. Although muscle weakness persisted, myalgia did not reoccur and serum creatine kinase levels remained almost stable over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilisa Bove
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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23
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24
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Iwahana T, Okada S, Kanda M, Oshima M, Iwama A, Matsumiya G, Kobayashi Y. Novel myocardial markers GADD45G and NDUFS5 identified by RNA-sequencing predicts left ventricular reverse remodeling in advanced non-ischemic heart failure: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:116. [PMID: 32138671 PMCID: PMC7059273 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) has been detected in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients following optimal treatment. However, its prediction with only conventional modalities is often difficult. This study sought to examine whether RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of myocardium tissue samples could predict LVRR in NIDCM. Methods A total of 17 advanced NIDCM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 30% who underwent cardiac biopsy from Left ventricle (LV) were prospectively recruited. They received optimal treatment and followed with echocardiogram every 6 months. Based on LVRR status after 12 months of treatment, patients were divided into the reverse remodeling (RR) or non-RR group. Tissue samples were analyzed by RNA-seq, and a functional analysis of differentially expressed genes was carried out. Results There were eight and nine patients in the RR and non-RR groups, respectively. No difference was found in age, sex, disease duration, LV end-diastolic diameter, and LVEF between the two groups. There were 155 genes that were differentially expressed between the two groups. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit (NDUF)S5 and Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (GADD)45G, along with several genes related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and ribosome, were significantly downregulated in the RR as compared to the non-RR group. Conclusion GADD45G and NDUFS5 are potential biomarkers for LVRR in patients with advanced NIDCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Togo Iwahana
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sho Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masato Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Goro Matsumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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