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Okabe M, Sato T, Takahashi M, Honjo A, Okawa M, Ishida M, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Autism Spectrum Disorder- and/or Intellectual Disability-Associated Semaphorin-5A Exploits the Mechanism by Which Dock5 Signalosome Molecules Control Cell Shape. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3092-3107. [PMID: 38666924 PMCID: PMC11049140 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties in social interactions, communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. While genetic mutations in individuals with ASD can either activate or inactivate the activities of the gene product, impacting neuronal morphogenesis and causing symptoms, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully established. Herein, for the first time, we report that genetically conserved Rac1 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dock5 signalosome molecules control process elongation in the N1E-115 cell line, a model line capable of achieving neuronal morphological changes. The increased elongation phenotypes observed in ASD and intellectual disability (ID)-associated Semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) Arg676-to-Cys [p.R676C] were also mediated by Dock5 signalosome molecules. Indeed, knockdown of Dock5 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CasRx-based guide(g)RNA specifically recovered the mutated Sema5A-induced increase in process elongation in cells. Knockdown of Elmo2, an adaptor molecule of Dock5, also exhibited similar recovery. Comparable results were obtained when transfecting the interaction region of Dock5 with Elmo2. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the primary signal transduction molecules underlying process elongation, was ameliorated by either their knockdown or transfection. These results suggest that the Dock5 signalosome comprises abnormal signaling involved in the process elongation induced by ASD- and ID-associated Sema5A. These molecules could be added to the list of potential therapeutic target molecules for abnormal neuronal morphogenesis in ASD at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takanari Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mikito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Asahi Honjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maho Okawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Miki Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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Okabe M, Miyamoto Y, Ikoma Y, Takahashi M, Shirai R, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Yamauchi J. RhoG-Binding Domain of Elmo1 Ameliorates Excessive Process Elongation Induced by Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Sema5A. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:548-566. [PMID: 38133141 PMCID: PMC10745971 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD is characterized by poor interpersonal relationships and strong attachment. The correlations between activated or inactivated gene products, which occur as a result of genetic mutations affecting neurons in ASD patients, and ASD symptoms are now of critical concern. Here, for the first time, we describe the process in which that the respective ASD-associated mutations (Arg676-to-Cys [R676C] and Ser951-to-Cys [S951C]) of semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) localize Sema5A proteins themselves around the plasma membrane in the N1E-115 cell line, a model line that can achieve neuronal morphological differentiation. The expression of each mutated construct resulted in the promotion of excessive elongation of neurite-like processes with increased differentiation protein markers; R676C was more effective than S951C. The differentiated phenotypes were very partially neutralized by an antibody, against Plexin-B3 as the specific Sema5A receptor, suggesting that the effects of Sema5A act in an autocrine manner. R676C greatly increased the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the signaling molecules underlying process elongation. In contrast, the blocking of JNK signaling, by a chemical JNK inhibitor or an inhibitory construct of the interaction of RhoG with Elmo1 as JNK upstream signaling molecules, recovered the excessive process elongation. These results suggest that ASD-associated mutations of Sema5A, acting through the JNK signaling cascade, lead to excessive differentiated phenotypes, and the inhibition of JNK signaling recovers them, revealing possible therapeutic targets for recovering the potential molecular and cellular phenotypes underlying certain ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mikito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science,Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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3
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Jagota P, Ugawa Y, Aldaajani Z, Ibrahim NM, Ishiura H, Nomura Y, Tsuji S, Diesta C, Hattori N, Onodera O, Bohlega S, Al-Din A, Lim SY, Lee JY, Jeon B, Pal PK, Shang H, Fujioka S, Kukkle PL, Phokaewvarangkul O, Lin CH, Shambetova C, Bhidayasiri R. Nine Hereditary Movement Disorders First Described in Asia: Their History and Evolution. J Mov Disord 2023; 16:231-247. [PMID: 37309109 PMCID: PMC10548072 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical case studies and reporting are important to the discovery of new disorders and the advancement of medical sciences. Both clinicians and basic scientists play equally important roles leading to treatment discoveries for both cures and symptoms. In the field of movement disorders, exceptional observation of patients from clinicians is imperative, not just for phenomenology but also for the variable occurrences of these disorders, along with other signs and symptoms, throughout the day and the disease course. The Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force (TF) was formed to help enhance and promote collaboration and research on movement disorders within the region. As a start, the TF has reviewed the original studies of the movement disorders that were preliminarily described in the region. These include nine disorders that were first described in Asia: Segawa disease, PARK-Parkin, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy, Kufor-Rakeb disease, tremulous dystonia associated with mutation of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 2 gene, and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We hope that the information provided will honor the original researchers and help us learn and understand how earlier neurologists and basic scientists together discovered new disorders and made advances in the field, which impact us all to this day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jagota
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Yoshiko Nomura Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cid Diesta
- Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Makati Medical Center, NCR, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saeed Bohlega
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Al-Din
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals National Health Services Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson’s & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center & Seoul National University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangalore, India
| | - Onanong Phokaewvarangkul
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Cuccurullo C, Striano P, Coppola A. Familial Adult Myoclonus Epilepsy: A Non-Coding Repeat Expansion Disorder of Cerebellar-Thalamic-Cortical Loop. Cells 2023; 12:1617. [PMID: 37371086 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonus Epilepsy (FAME) is a non-coding repeat expansion disorder that has been reported under different acronyms and initially linked to four main loci: FAME1 (8q23.3-q24.1), FAME 2 (2p11.1-q12.1), FAME3 (5p15.31-p15.1), and FAME4 (3q26.32-3q28). To date, it is known that the genetic mechanism underlying FAME consists of the expansion of similar non-coding pentanucleotide repeats, TTTCA and TTTTA, in different genes. FAME is characterized by cortical tremor and myoclonus usually manifesting within the second decade of life, and infrequent seizures by the third or fourth decade. Cortical tremor is the core feature of FAME and is considered part of a spectrum of cortical myoclonus. Neurophysiological investigations as jerk-locked back averaging (JLBA) and corticomuscular coherence analysis, giant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), and the presence of long-latency reflex I (or C reflex) at rest support cortical tremor as the result of the sensorimotor cortex hyperexcitability. Furthermore, the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols in FAME patients has recently shown that inhibitory circuits are also altered within the primary somatosensory cortex and the concomitant involvement of subcortical networks. Moreover, neuroimaging studies and postmortem autoptic studies indicate cerebellar alterations and abnormal functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebrum in FAME. Accordingly, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying FAME has been hypothesized to reside in decreased sensorimotor cortical inhibition through dysfunction of the cerebellar-thalamic-cortical loop, secondary to primary cerebellar pathology. In this context, the non-coding pentameric expansions have been proposed to cause cerebellar damage through an RNA-mediated toxicity mechanism. The elucidation of the underlying pathological mechanisms of FAME paves the way to novel therapeutic possibilities, such as RNA-targeting treatments, possibly applicable to other neurodegenerative non-coding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cuccurullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Berkovic SF, Striano P, Tsuji S. History of familial adult myoclonus epilepsy/benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy around the world. Epilepsia 2023; 64 Suppl 1:S3-S8. [PMID: 36707971 PMCID: PMC10952646 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy/benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (FAME/BAFME) has emerged as a specific and recognizable epilepsy syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance found around the world. Here, we trace the history of this syndrome. Initially, it was likely conflated with other familial myoclonus epilepsies, especially the progressive myoclonus epilepsies. As the progressive myoclonus epilepsies became better understood clinically and genetically, this group began to stand out and was first recognized as such in Japan. Subsequently, families were recognized around the world and there was debate as to whether they represented one or multiple disorders. Clarification came with the identification of pentanucleotide repeats in Japanese families, and FAME/BAFME was quickly shown to be due to pentanucleotide expansions in at least six genes. These have geographic predilections and appear to have been caused by historically ancient initial mutations. Within and between families, there is some variation in the phenotype, explained in large part by expansion size, but whether there are features specific to individual genes remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel F. Berkovic
- Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research CentreUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitGiannina Gaslini Institute, Scientific Institute for Research and Health CareGenoaItaly
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child HealthUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
- Institute of Medical GenomicsInternational University of Health and WelfareChibaJapan
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Corbett MA, Depienne C, Veneziano L, Klein KM, Brancati F, Guerrini R, Zara F, Tsuji S, Gecz J. Genetics of familial adult myoclonus epilepsy: From linkage studies to noncoding repeat expansions. Epilepsia 2023; 64 Suppl 1:S14-S21. [PMID: 37021642 PMCID: PMC10952679 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) is a genetic epilepsy syndrome that for many years has resisted understanding of its underlying molecular cause. This review covers the history of FAME genetic studies worldwide, starting with linkage and culminating in the discovery of noncoding TTTTA and inserted TTTCA pentanucleotide repeat expansions within six different genes to date (SAMD12, STARD7, MARCHF6, YEATS2, TNRC6A, and RAPGEF2). FAME occurs worldwide; however, repeat expansions in particular genes have regional geographical distributions. FAME repeat expansions are dynamic in nature, changing in length and structure within germline and somatic tissues. This variation poses challenges for molecular diagnosis such that molecular methods used to identify FAME repeat expansions typically require a trade-off between cost and efficiency. A rigorous evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of each molecular approach remains to be performed. The origin of FAME repeat expansions and the genetic and environmental factors that modulate repeat variability are not well defined. Longer repeats and particular arrangements of the TTTTA and TTTCA motifs within an expansion are correlated with earlier onset and increased severity of disease. Other factors such as maternal or paternal inheritance, parental age, and repeat length alone have been suggested to influence repeat variation; however, further research is required to confirm this. The history of FAME genetics to the present is a chronicle of perseverance and predominantly collaborative efforts that yielded a successful outcome. The discovery of FAME repeats will spark progress toward a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of FAME, discovery of new loci, and development of cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Corbett
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital Essen, University Duisburg–EssenEssenGermany
| | - Liana Veneziano
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyNational Research CouncilRomeItaly
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics, and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's HospitalResearch Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine–Main, Department of Neurology, Center of Neurology and NeurosurgeryCenter for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research, University Hospital, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyNational Research CouncilRomeItaly
- Medical Genetics, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly
- Laboratory of Human Functional GenomicsIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San RaffaeleRomeItaly
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience and Neurogenetics DepartmentMeyer Children's HospitalFlorenceItaly
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of NeurogeneticsIRCCS Institute "G. Gaslini"GenoaItaly
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute of Medical GenomicsInternational University of Health and WelfareChibaJapan
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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Loureiro JR, Castro AF, Figueiredo AS, Silveira I. Molecular Mechanisms in Pentanucleotide Repeat Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020205. [PMID: 35053321 PMCID: PMC8773600 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from repeat expansion has increased extraordinarily in recent years. In several of these pathologies, the repeat can be transcribed in RNA from both DNA strands producing, at least, one toxic RNA repeat that causes neurodegeneration by a complex mechanism. Recently, seven diseases have been found caused by a novel intronic pentanucleotide repeat in distinct genes encoding proteins highly expressed in the cerebellum. These disorders are clinically heterogeneous being characterized by impaired motor function, resulting from ataxia or epilepsy. The role that apparently normal proteins from these mutant genes play in these pathologies is not known. However, recent advances in previously known spinocerebellar ataxias originated by abnormal non-coding pentanucleotide repeats point to a gain of a toxic function by the pathogenic repeat-containing RNA that abnormally forms nuclear foci with RNA-binding proteins. In cells, RNA foci have been shown to be formed by phase separation. Moreover, the field of repeat expansions has lately achieved an extraordinary progress with the discovery that RNA repeats, polyglutamine, and polyalanine proteins are crucial for the formation of nuclear membraneless organelles by phase separation, which is perturbed when they are expanded. This review will cover the amazing advances on repeat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R. Loureiro
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Castro
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Figueiredo
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silveira
- Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction Laboratory, i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.R.L.); (A.F.C.); (A.S.F.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-2240-8800
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8
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Su Y, Fan L, Shi C, Wang T, Zheng H, Luo H, Zhang S, Hu Z, Fan Y, Dong Y, Yang J, Mao C, Xu Y. Deciphering Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Long-Read Sequencing. Neurology 2021; 97:423-433. [PMID: 34389649 PMCID: PMC8408508 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit chronic progressive lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems with unclear causes. The search for pathogenic mutations in human neurodegenerative diseases has benefited from massively parallel short-read sequencers. However, genomic regions, including repetitive elements, especially with high/low GC content, are far beyond the capability of conventional approaches. Recently, long-read single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies have emerged and enabled researchers to study genomes, transcriptomes, and metagenomes at unprecedented resolutions. The identification of novel mutations in unresolved neurodegenerative disorders, the characterization of causative repeat expansions, and the direct detection of epigenetic modifications on naive DNA by virtue of long-read sequencers will further expand our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we review and compare 2 prevailing long-read sequencing technologies, Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and discuss their applications in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Tai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yali Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China .,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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9
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Mizuguchi T, Toyota T, Miyatake S, Mitsuhashi S, Doi H, Kudo Y, Kishida H, Hayashi N, Tsuburaya RS, Kinoshita M, Fukuyama T, Fukuda H, Koshimizu E, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Fujita A, Takata A, Miyake N, Kato M, Tanaka F, Adachi H, Matsumoto N. Complete sequencing of expanded SAMD12 repeats by long-read sequencing and Cas9-mediated enrichment. Brain 2021; 144:1103-1117. [PMID: 33791773 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A pentanucleotide TTTCA repeat insertion into a polymorphic TTTTA repeat element in SAMD12 causes benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Although the precise determination of the entire SAMD12 repeat sequence is important for molecular diagnosis and research, obtaining this sequence remains challenging when using conventional genomic/genetic methods, and even short-read and long-read next-generation sequencing technologies have been insufficient. Incomplete information regarding expanded repeat sequences may hamper our understanding of the pathogenic roles played by varying numbers of repeat units, genotype-phenotype correlations, and mutational mechanisms. Here, we report a new approach for the precise determination of the entire expanded repeat sequence and present a workflow designed to improve the diagnostic rates in various repeat expansion diseases. We examined 34 clinically diagnosed benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy patients, from 29 families using repeat-primed PCR, Southern blot, and long-read sequencing with Cas9-mediated enrichment. Two cases with questionable results from repeat-primed PCR and/or Southern blot were confirmed as pathogenic using long-read sequencing with Cas9-mediated enrichment, resulting in the identification of pathogenic SAMD12 repeat expansions in 76% of examined families (22/29). Importantly, long-read sequencing with Cas9-mediated enrichment was able to provide detailed information regarding the sizes, configurations, and compositions of the expanded repeats. The inserted TTTCA repeat size and the proportion of TTTCA sequences among the overall repeat sequences were highly variable, and a novel repeat configuration was identified. A genotype-phenotype correlation study suggested that the insertion of even short (TTTCA)14 repeats contributed to the development of benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. However, the sizes of the overall TTTTA and TTTCA repeat units are also likely to be involved in the pathology of benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Seven unsolved SAMD12-negative cases were investigated using whole-genome long-read sequencing, and infrequent, disease-associated, repeat expansions were identified in two cases. The strategic workflow resolved two questionable SAMD12-positive cases and two previously SAMD12-negative cases, increasing the diagnostic yield from 69% (20/29 families) to 83% (24/29 families). This study indicates the significant utility of long-read sequencing technologies to explore the pathogenic contributions made by various repeat units in complex repeat expansions and to improve the overall diagnostic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kudo
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama Brain and Spine Center, Yokohama 235-0012, Japan
| | - Hitaru Kishida
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan
| | - Noriko Hayashi
- Department of Neurology, Yamato Municipal Hospital, Yamato 242-8602, Japan
| | - Rie S Tsuburaya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto 616-8255, Japan
| | - Masako Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Utano National Hospital, Kyoto 616-8255, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Fukuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fukuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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10
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Pan S, Li X, Li L, Lin H, Wang D, Zhang X, Zhao X, Ye J, Huang Z, Lin Y, Duan Y, Ma R, Gao L, Wang C, Wang Y. Comprehensive genetic, clinical and electrophysiological studies of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy 1 highlight the role of gene configurations. Seizure 2021; 87:69-74. [PMID: 33721773 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two configurations of TTTTA/TTTCA expansion in SAMD12 have been identified in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1 (FCMTE1). This study investigated the clinical and neurophysiological features of FCMTE1 and their association with TTTTA/TTTCA expansion patterns. METHODS In total, 76 patients from 20 Chinese pedigrees were enrolled. Genetic (TTTTA/TTTCA configuration), clinical (e.g., onset, medication, prognosis, and anticipation) and neurophysiological examination (e.g., electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalography) data were evaluated, and associations between these parameters were analyzed. RESULTS All patients carried the TTTTA/TTTCA expansion mutation, 19 displayed the (TTTTA)exp(TTTCA)exp (type I) configuration and 1 displayed the (TTTTA)exp (TTTCA)exp(TTTTA)exp (type II) configuration. All patients manifested as progressive tremor, but symptoms of patients carrying type II expansion were more severe. The onset of tremor but not generalized tonic and clonic seizures displayed clinical anticipation between generations of 7 pedigrees, but the pedigree carrying the type II mutation did not show anticipation. Nanopore sequencing showed that the repeats expanded during maternal/offspring transmission (pedigree #7) but shrank during paternal/offspring transmission (pedigree #9). Magnetoencephalographic dipoles were localized in the right frontal lobe near the central sulcus in 4 patients carrying the type I mutation and on the left side in one patient carrying the type II mutation. SIGNIFICANCE We confirmed the causative roles played by TTTTA/TTTCA repeat expansion in the SAMD12 gene in FCTME1. Both the length and the configuration of the repeats contribute to the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xuying Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dequan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhaoyang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yicong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiran Duan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lehong Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hosptial, Captial Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China.
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11
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Latorre A, Rocchi L, Magrinelli F, Mulroy E, Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Bhatia KP. Unravelling the enigma of cortical tremor and other forms of cortical myoclonus. Brain 2021; 143:2653-2663. [PMID: 32417917 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical tremor is a fine rhythmic oscillation involving distal upper limbs, linked to increased sensorimotor cortex excitability, as seen in cortical myoclonus. Cortical tremor is the hallmark feature of autosomal dominant familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE), a syndrome not yet officially recognized and characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Non-coding repeat expansions in different genes have been recently recognized to play an essential role in its pathogenesis. Cortical tremor is considered a rhythmic variant of cortical myoclonus and is part of the 'spectrum of cortical myoclonus', i.e. a wide range of clinical motor phenomena, from reflex myoclonus to myoclonic epilepsy, caused by abnormal sensorimotor cortical discharges. The aim of this update is to provide a detailed analysis of the mechanisms defining cortical tremor, as seen in FCMTE. After reviewing the clinical and genetic features of FCMTE, we discuss the possible mechanisms generating the distinct elements of the cortical myoclonus spectrum, and how cortical tremor fits into it. We propose that the spectrum is due to the evolution from a spatially limited focus of excitability to recruitment of more complex mechanisms capable of sustaining repetitive activity, overcoming inhibitory mechanisms that restrict excitatory bursts, and engaging wide areas of cortex. Finally, we provide evidence for a possible common denominator of the elements of the spectrum, i.e. the cerebellum, and discuss its role in FCMTE, according to recent genetic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Mahadevan R, Bhoyar RC, Viswanathan N, Rajagopal RE, Essaki B, Suroliya V, Chelladurai R, Sankaralingam S, Shanmugam G, Vayanakkan S, Shamim U, Mathur A, Jain A, Imran M, Faruq M, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Kalyanaraman S. Genomic analysis of patients in a South Indian Community with autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus and epilepsy suggests a founder repeat expansion mutation in the SAMD12 gene. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcaa214. [PMID: 33501421 PMCID: PMC7811760 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus and Epilepsy is a non-progressive disorder characterized by distal tremors. Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus and Epilepsy has been reported globally with different genetic predispositions of autosomal dominant inheritance with a high degree of penetrance. In south India, Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus and Epilepsy has been reported in a large cohort of 48 families, in which the genetic defect was not identified. This report pertains to the whole-genome analysis of four individuals followed by repeat-primed PCR for 102 patients from a familial cohort of 325 individuals. All the patients underwent extensive clinical evaluation including neuropsychological examinations. The whole-genome sequencing was done for two affected and two unaffected individuals, belonging to two different families. The whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed the repeat expansion of TTTTA and TTTCA in intron 4 of the SAMD12 gene located on chromosome 8 in the patients affected with Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus and Epilepsy, whereas the unaffected family members were negative for the similar expansion. Further, the repeat-primed PCR analysis of 102 patients showed the expansion of the TTTCA repeats in the intron 4 of SAMD12 gene. All patients registered for this study belong to a single community called “Nadar” whose nativity is confined to the southern districts of India, with reported unique genetic characteristics. This is the largest and most comprehensive single report on clinically and genetically characterized Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus and Epilepsy patients belonging to a unique ethnic group worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Mahadevan
- Department of Neurology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul C Bhoyar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Raskin Erusan Rajagopal
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bobby Essaki
- Department of Neurology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varun Suroliya
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rachel Chelladurai
- Department of Neurology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Aradhana Mathur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohamed Imran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shantaraman Kalyanaraman
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli 627011, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Yeetong P, Chunharas C, Pongpanich M, Bennett MF, Srichomthong C, Pasutharnchat N, Suphapeetiporn K, Bahlo M, Shotelersuk V. Founder effect of the TTTCA repeat insertions in SAMD12 causing BAFME1. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 29:343-348. [PMID: 32973343 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (BAFME1) in several Japanese and Chinese families has recently been found to be caused by pentanucleotide repeat expansions in SAMD12. We identified a Thai family with six members affected with BAFME. Microsatellite studies suggested a linkage to the BAFME1 region on chromosome 8q24. Subsequently, long-read whole-genome sequencing showed the (TTTTA)446(TTTCA)149 in intron 4 of SAMD12 in an affected member. Repeat-primed PCR and long-range PCR revealed that the pentanucleotide repeat expansions segregated with the disease status. Our Thai family is the first non-Japanese and non-Chinese family with BAFME1. SNP array showed that the aberrant repeats had the same haplotype as those previously determined in Japanese and Chinese patients suggesting a common ancestry. The variant is estimated to arise ~12,000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patra Yeetong
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaipat Chunharas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chulalongkorn Cognitive, Clinical & Computational Neuroscience, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Chalurmpon Srichomthong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nath Pasutharnchat
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy: TTTCA/TTTTA repeat expansions and expanding phenotype in two Chinese families. Brain Res 2020; 1737:146796. [PMID: 32194077 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, expanded intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeat in SAMD12 were identified in families with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE). We conducted to this study to clarify the genetic etiology and to describe the clinical, neurophysiologic, and imaging features in two unrelated Chinese families with FCMTE. In this study, we performed the RP-PCR and long-range PCR analysis to examine and verifyTTTCA and TTTTA expansions in five affected members whose severities of cortical tremor, neuropsychology and MRI were also evaluated. Reliable clinical information was collected from another two affected members. Our results revealed that expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in SAMD12 were both identified in all five affected subjects. All seven affected living patients had cortical tremor with a median age at onset of 16.4 years (range, 10-22 years). Convulsions occurred in 5 of 7 with a median age at onset of 32.4 years (range, 10-42 years). Among five patients evaluated for cortical tremor severity and psychiatric comorbidity, two patients had severe cortical tremor, anxiety and depression. Abnormal brain MRI findings including the possible existence of demyelination, severe atrophy of the cerebral hemisphere and abnormal bilateral symmetrical signals in the globus pallidus were observed in three patients, respectively. These results further expanded the known genotype in two Chinese families affected with FCMTE. Border clinical spectrum needs to be confirmed in future studies from additional FCMTE families genetically diagnosed.
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15
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Yeetong P, Pongpanich M, Srichomthong C, Assawapitaksakul A, Shotelersuk V, Tantirukdham N, Chunharas C, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. TTTCA repeat insertions in an intron of YEATS2 in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy type 4. Brain 2020; 142:3360-3366. [PMID: 31539032 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder and identification of its causes is important for a better understanding of its pathogenesis. We previously studied a Thai family with a type of epilepsy, benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy type 4 (BAFME4), and localized its gene to chromosome 3q26.32-q28. Here, we used single-molecule real-time sequencing and found expansions of TTTTA and insertions of TTTCA repeats in intron 1 of YEATS2 in one affected member of the family. Of all the available members in the family-comprising 13 affected and eight unaffected-repeat-primed PCR and long-range PCR revealed the co-segregation of the TTTCA repeat insertions with the TTTTA repeat expansions and the disease status. For 1116 Thai control subjects, none were found to harbour the TTTCA repeats while four had the TTTTA repeat expansions. Therefore, our findings suggest that BAFME4 is caused by the insertions of the intronic TTTCA repeats in YEATS2. Interestingly, all four types of BAFMEs for which underlying genes have been found (BAFMEs 1, 4, 6 and 7) are caused by the same molecular pathology, suggesting that the insertions of non-coding TTTCA repeats are involved in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patra Yeetong
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,, Thailand
| | - Chalurmpon Srichomthong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adjima Assawapitaksakul
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varote Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nithiphut Tantirukdham
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaipat Chunharas
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Bennett MF, Oliver KL, Regan BM, Bellows ST, Schneider AL, Rafehi H, Sikta N, Crompton DE, Coleman M, Hildebrand MS, Corbett MA, Kroes T, Gecz J, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Bahlo M. Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy type 1 SAMD12 TTTCA repeat expansion arose 17,000 years ago and is present in Sri Lankan and Indian families. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:973-978. [PMID: 32203200 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy 1 (FAME1), first recognised in Japanese families, was recently shown to be caused by a TTTCA repeat insertion in intron 4 of SAMD12 on chromosome 8. We performed whole genome sequencing on two families with FAME, one of Sri Lankan origin and the other of Indian origin, and identified a TTTCA repeat insertion in SAMD12 in both families. Haplotype analysis revealed that both families shared the same core ancestral haplotype reported in Japanese and Chinese families with FAME1. Mutation dating, based on the length of shared haplotypes, estimated the age of the ancestral haplotype to be ~670 generations, or 17,000 years old. Our data extend the geographic range of this repeat expansion to Southern Asia and potentially implicate an even broader regional distribution given the age of the variant. This finding suggests patients of Asian ancestry with suspected FAME should be screened for the SAMD12 TTTCA expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Karen L Oliver
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Brigid M Regan
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Susannah T Bellows
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Amy L Schneider
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Neblina Sikta
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Douglas E Crompton
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Neurology Department, Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3076, Australia
| | - Matthew Coleman
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A Corbett
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Thessa Kroes
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Research Institute & Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,The Florey Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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17
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Corbett MA, Kroes T, Veneziano L, Bennett MF, Florian R, Schneider AL, Coppola A, Licchetta L, Franceschetti S, Suppa A, Wenger A, Mei D, Pendziwiat M, Kaya S, Delledonne M, Straussberg R, Xumerle L, Regan B, Crompton D, van Rootselaar AF, Correll A, Catford R, Bisulli F, Chakraborty S, Baldassari S, Tinuper P, Barton K, Carswell S, Smith M, Berardelli A, Carroll R, Gardner A, Friend KL, Blatt I, Iacomino M, Di Bonaventura C, Striano S, Buratti J, Keren B, Nava C, Forlani S, Rudolf G, Hirsch E, Leguern E, Labauge P, Balestrini S, Sander JW, Afawi Z, Helbig I, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Sisodiya SM, Casari G, Sadleir LG, van Coller R, Tijssen MAJ, Klein KM, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Zara F, Guerrini R, Berkovic SF, Pippucci T, Canafoglia L, Bahlo M, Striano P, Scheffer IE, Brancati F, Depienne C, Gecz J. Intronic ATTTC repeat expansions in STARD7 in familial adult myoclonic epilepsy linked to chromosome 2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4920. [PMID: 31664034 PMCID: PMC6820779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Adult Myoclonic Epilepsy (FAME) is characterised by cortical myoclonic tremor usually from the second decade of life and overt myoclonic or generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Four independent loci have been implicated in FAME on chromosomes (chr) 2, 3, 5 and 8. Using whole genome sequencing and repeat primed PCR, we provide evidence that chr2-linked FAME (FAME2) is caused by an expansion of an ATTTC pentamer within the first intron of STARD7. The ATTTC expansions segregate in 158/158 individuals typically affected by FAME from 22 pedigrees including 16 previously reported families recruited worldwide. RNA sequencing from patient derived fibroblasts shows no accumulation of the AUUUU or AUUUC repeat sequences and STARD7 gene expression is not affected. These data, in combination with other genes bearing similar mutations that have been implicated in FAME, suggest ATTTC expansions may cause this disorder, irrespective of the genomic locus involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Thessa Kroes
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Liana Veneziano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Rahel Florian
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Amy L Schneider
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Member of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex epilepsies, ERN EpiCARE, London, UK
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mei
- Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Medical School, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Luciano Xumerle
- Personal Genomics, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Brigid Regan
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas Crompton
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Correll
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachael Catford
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sara Baldassari
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kirston Barton
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Shaun Carswell
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Smith
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St-Vincent's Clinical School, Faulty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Renee Carroll
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Alison Gardner
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ilan Blatt
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, IRCCS Istituto "G. Gaslini", Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Bonaventura
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Julien Buratti
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, F-75013, Paris, France
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- MS Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Josemir W Sander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Tel Aviv University Medical School, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Division of Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Genome Center, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Giorgio Casari
- TIGEM - Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, and San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lynette G Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, IRCCS Istituto "G. Gaslini", Genova, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- Member of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex epilepsies, ERN EpiCARE, London, UK
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "G. Gaslini", Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Florey Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia.
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18
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Florian RT, Kraft F, Leitão E, Kaya S, Klebe S, Magnin E, van Rootselaar AF, Buratti J, Kühnel T, Schröder C, Giesselmann S, Tschernoster N, Altmueller J, Lamiral A, Keren B, Nava C, Bouteiller D, Forlani S, Jornea L, Kubica R, Ye T, Plassard D, Jost B, Meyer V, Deleuze JF, Delpu Y, Avarello MDM, Vijfhuizen LS, Rudolf G, Hirsch E, Kroes T, Reif PS, Rosenow F, Ganos C, Vidailhet M, Thivard L, Mathieu A, Bourgeron T, Kurth I, Rafehi H, Steenpass L, Horsthemke B, LeGuern E, Klein KM, Labauge P, Bennett MF, Bahlo M, Gecz J, Corbett MA, Tijssen MAJ, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Depienne C. Unstable TTTTA/TTTCA expansions in MARCH6 are associated with Familial Adult Myoclonic Epilepsy type 3. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4919. [PMID: 31664039 PMCID: PMC6820781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Adult Myoclonic Epilepsy (FAME) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by cortical tremor and seizures. Intronic TTTTA/TTTCA repeat expansions in SAMD12 (FAME1) are the main cause of FAME in Asia. Using genome sequencing and repeat-primed PCR, we identify another site of this repeat expansion, in MARCH6 (FAME3) in four European families. Analysis of single DNA molecules with nanopore sequencing and molecular combing show that expansions range from 3.3 to 14 kb on average. However, we observe considerable variability in expansion length and structure, supporting the existence of multiple expansion configurations in blood cells and fibroblasts of the same individual. Moreover, the largest expansions are associated with micro-rearrangements occurring near the expansion in 20% of cells. This study provides further evidence that FAME is caused by intronic TTTTA/TTTCA expansions in distinct genes and reveals that expansions exhibit an unexpectedly high somatic instability that can ultimately result in genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel T Florian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elsa Leitão
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaya
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Buratti
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Theresa Kühnel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Schröder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giesselmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Tschernoster
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anaide Lamiral
- Department of Neurology, CHU Jean Minjoz, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Boris Keren
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Nava
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, 75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bouteiller
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Forlani
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Jornea
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Regina Kubica
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tao Ye
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Damien Plassard
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Bernard Jost
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Yannick Delpu
- Genomic Vision, 80 Rue des Meuniers, 92220, Bagneux, France
| | | | - Lisanne S Vijfhuizen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Department of Neurology-centre de référence des epilepsies rares, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Department of Neurology-centre de référence des epilepsies rares, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thessa Kroes
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Philipp S Reif
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Thivard
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Pasteur Institute, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Pasteur Institute, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Steenpass
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Horsthemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric LeGuern
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, 75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Mark A Corbett
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700, AB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France.
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U1258/Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.
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19
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Cen Z, Chen Y, Yang D, Zhu Q, Chen S, Chen X, Wang B, Xie F, Ouyang Z, Jiang Z, Fu A, Hu B, Yin H, Qiu X, Yu F, Du X, Hao W, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang L, Yu X, Xiao Y, Liu C, Xiao J, Zhou Y, Yang W, Zhang B, Luo W. Intronic (TTTGA)
n
insertion in
SAMD12
also causes familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1571-1576. [PMID: 31483537 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cen
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dehao Yang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qingchen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xinhui Chen
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhengwen Jiang
- Genesky Diagnostics Inc, Biobay, SIP Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Aisi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ben Hu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Houmin Yin
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Feng Yu
- Genesky Diagnostics Inc, Biobay, SIP Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery Humanity Hospital Xiamen Fujian China
- Department of Neurology, West District The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Weicheng Hao
- Department of Neurology, West District The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Institute of Epilepsy Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Lebo Wang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiafei Yu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA
| | - Yongxing Zhou
- Department of Neurology MedStar St Mary's Hospital/Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Medical Group Leonardtown Maryland USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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20
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Cen Z, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Zheng X, Xie F, Yang X, Lu X, Ouyang Z, Wu H, Chen S, Yin H, Qiu X, Wang S, Ding M, Tang Y, Yu F, Li C, Wang T, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Jiao C, Liu C, Xiao J, Luo W. Intronic pentanucleotide TTTCA repeat insertion in the SAMD12 gene causes familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1. Brain 2019; 141:2280-2288. [PMID: 29939203 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cortical tremor and epileptic seizures. Although four subtypes (types 1-4) mapped on different chromosomes (8q24, 2p11.1-q12.2, 5p15.31-p15.1 and 3q26.32-3q28) have been reported, the causative gene has not yet been identified. Here, we report the genetic study in a cohort of 20 Chinese pedigrees with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Linkage and haplotype analysis in 11 pedigrees revealed maximum two-point logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores from 1.64 to 3.77 (LOD scores in five pedigrees were >3.0) in chromosomal region 8q24 and narrowed the candidate region to an interval of 4.9 Mb. Using whole-genome sequencing, long-range polymerase chain reaction and repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction, we identified an intronic pentanucleotide (TTTCA)n insertion in the SAMD12 gene as the cause, which co-segregated with the disease among the 11 pedigrees mapped on 8q24 and additional seven unmapped pedigrees. Only two pedigrees did not contain the (TTTCA)n insertion. Repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction revealed that the sizes of (TTTCA)n insertion in all affected members were larger than 105 repeats. The same pentanucleotide insertion (ATTTCATTTC)58 has been reported to form RNA foci resulting in neurotoxicity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 37, which suggests the similar pathogenic process in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengwen Jiang
- Genesky Diagnostics Inc, Biobay, SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - You Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingjiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houmin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiping Ding
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yelei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Genesky Diagnostics Inc, Biobay, SIP, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chuan Jiao
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy: A new expansion repeats disorder. Seizure 2019; 67:73-77. [PMID: 30928698 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy (FAME), also described with different acronyms (ADCME, BAFME, FEME, FCTE and others), is a high-penetrant autosomal dominant condition featuring cortical hand tremors, myoclonic jerks, and occasional/rare convulsive seizures. Prevalence is unknown since this condition is often under-recognized, but it is estimated to be less than 1/35,000. The disease usually starts in the second decade of life and has been genetically associated with at least 4 different loci (8q24, 2p11.1-q12.2, 5p15.31-p15 and 3q26.32-3q28). Recently, the expansion of non coding TTTTA and TTTCA repeats has been identified as the causative mutation in Japanese families linked to the 8q24. The diagnosis is supported by clinical features and electrophysiological investigations as jerk-locked back averaging, C-reflex, and somatosensory-evoked potential. Photic stimulation, emotional stress, and sleep deprivation may trigger both tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures. FAME has a slow but progressive clinical course occurring with intellectual disability and worsening of both tremor and myoclonus although with a less severe decline compared to other progressive myoclonic epilepsies. Valproate, levetiracetam, and benzodiazepines are considered the first-line treatments.
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22
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Lei XX, Liu Q, Lu Q, Huang Y, Zhou XQ, Sun HY, Wu LW, Cui LY, Zhang X. TTTCA repeat expansion causes familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:513-518. [PMID: 30351492 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim was to investigate whether abnormal TTTTA and TTTCA repeat expansions in introns of SAMD12, TNRC6A and RAPGEF2 are involved in the pathogenesis of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE). METHODS Five families diagnosed with FCMTE were included in the current genetic analysis. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in selected patients of each family. TTTTA and TTTCA expansions were examined by repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction. The clinical features of FCMTE were elicited as defined by the common genetic mechanism of 14 patients. RESULTS Abnormal TTTCA expansion was identified and co-segregated in all five FCMTE families, four inserted in SAMD12 and one in RAPGEF2. The insertion of expanded TTTCA was not found in 116 control alleles. TTTTA expansion in SAMD12 was detected in 90.9% (10/11) of patients or mutation carriers; TTTTA expansion in RAPGEF2 was not found. The onset age of myoclonic tremor was 27.4 ± 5.9 (19-37) and epilepsy usually presented around age 34. Focal and generalized seizures were witnessed with various origins recorded by electroencephalogram. Cognitive deficits were not common within the first 3 years after epilepsy onset. Emotional instability was reported by most patients. No patients showed any cerebellar deficits. Valproate added with clonazepam is effective in controlling seizures but cannot guarantee a complete remission of tremor. Repeat length showed intergenerational instability and was inversely correlated with age at onset of myoclonic tremor and epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS TTTCA expansion insertion is associated with FCMTE in Chinese families. The homogenous genetic mechanism allowed for a higher precision of FCMTE description.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Lei
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China.,McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Lu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - X Q Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Sun
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - L W Wu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - L Y Cui
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China.,McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Matsumoto R, Watanabe M, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Nationwide survey in Japan endorsed diagnostic criteria of benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy. Seizure 2018; 61:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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24
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Lin H, Hu N, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Macdonald RL. Whole exome sequencing reveals novel NOV and DCAF13 variants in a Chinese pedigree with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:115-120. [PMID: 30003937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report a large new family of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy(FCMTE) from China and identify the possible causative gene(s) for the family. METHOD Whole exome sequencing of blood genomic DNA from 4 patients and 2 unaffected family members were performed. Detected variants and their cosegregation were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified c.20 G > C variant in the DCAF13 gene and c.983 T > C variant in the NOV gene cosegregating in the family. There was no additional cross-over in the family to narrow to one gene. The two DCAF13 and NOV gene variants are located on 8q23.3 and 8q24.12, which is consistent with the location 8q23.3-q24.13 reported previously for a group of Japanese families. The DCAF13 variant is located in alternative transcription start site(TSS) and the function of alternative TSS is unknown. The missense NOV variant is near the C terminus in a site that is highly conserved across species. It was predicted to be deleterious on protein function. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identify two novel variants in the DCAF13 and NOV genes associated with FCMTE in Asian populations. The interval between two variants is 15.6Mb, which is very close to each other. Future studies of additional families with this phenotype are warranted to confirm whether it is rare bigenic or monogenic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ningning Hu
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Departments of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA; Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.
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25
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Zeng S, Zhang MY, Wang XJ, Hu ZM, Li JC, Li N, Wang JL, Liang F, Yang Q, Liu Q, Fang L, Hao JW, Shi FD, Ding XB, Teng JF, Yin XM, Jiang H, Liao WP, Liu JY, Wang K, Xia K, Tang BS. Long-read sequencing identified intronic repeat expansions inSAMD12from Chinese pedigrees affected with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. J Med Genet 2018; 56:265-270. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe locus for familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) has long been mapped to 8q24 in linkage studies, but the causative mutations remain unclear. Recently, expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeat motifs withinSAMD12were found to be involved in the pathogenesis of FCMTE in Japanese pedigrees. We aim to identify the causative mutations of FCMTE in Chinese pedigrees.MethodsWe performed genetic linkage analysis by microsatellite markers in a five-generation Chinese pedigree with 55 members. We also used array-comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies (whole-exome sequencing, capture region deep sequencing and whole-genome sequencing) to identify the causative mutations in the disease locus. Recently, we used low-coverage (~10×) long-read genome sequencing (LRS) on the PacBio Sequel and Oxford Nanopore platforms to identify the causative mutations, and used repeat-primed PCR for validation of the repeat expansions.ResultsLinkage analysis mapped the disease locus to 8q23.3–24.23. Array-CGH and NGS failed to identify causative mutations in this locus. LRS identified the intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeat expansions inSAMD12as the causative mutations, thus corroborating the recently published results in Japanese pedigrees.ConclusionsWe identified the pentanucleotide repeat expansion inSAMD12as the causative mutation in Chinese FCMTE pedigrees. Our study also suggested that LRS is an effective tool for molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders, especially for neurological diseases that cannot be positively diagnosed by conventional clinical microarray and NGS technologies.
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26
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Expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Nat Genet 2018; 50:581-590. [PMID: 29507423 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and mutations in genes encoding ion channels or neurotransmitter receptors are frequent causes of monogenic forms of epilepsy. Here we show that abnormal expansions of TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in intron 4 of SAMD12 cause benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME). Single-molecule, real-time sequencing of BAC clones and nanopore sequencing of genomic DNA identified two repeat configurations in SAMD12. Intriguingly, in two families with a clinical diagnosis of BAFME in which no repeat expansions in SAMD12 were observed, we identified similar expansions of TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in introns of TNRC6A and RAPGEF2, indicating that expansions of the same repeat motifs are involved in the pathogenesis of BAFME regardless of the genes in which the expanded repeats are located. This discovery that expansions of noncoding repeats lead to neuronal dysfunction responsible for myoclonic tremor and epilepsy extends the understanding of diseases with such repeat expansion.
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van den Ende T, Sharifi S, van der Salm SMA, van Rootselaar AF. Familial Cortical Myoclonic Tremor and Epilepsy, an Enigmatic Disorder: From Phenotypes to Pathophysiology and Genetics. A Systematic Review. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2018; 8:503. [PMID: 29416935 PMCID: PMC5801339 DOI: 10.7916/d85155wj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE) is characterized by distal tremulous myoclonus, generalized seizures, and signs of cortical reflex myoclonus. FCMTE has been described in over 100 pedigrees worldwide, under several different names and acronyms. Pathological changes have been located in the cerebellum. This systematic review discusses the clinical spectrum, treatment, pathophysiology, and genetic findings. Methods We carried out a PubMed search, using a combination of the following search terms: cortical tremor, myoclonus, epilepsy, benign course, adult onset, familial, and autosomal dominant; this resulted in a total of 77 studies (761 patients; 126 pedigrees) fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Phenotypic differences across pedigrees exist, possibly related to underlying genetic differences. A "benign" phenotype has been described in several Japanese families and pedigrees linked to 8q (FCMTE1). French patients (5p linkage; FCMTE3) exhibit more severe progression, and in Japanese/Chinese pedigrees (with unknown linkage) anticipation has been suggested. Preferred treatment is with valproate (mind teratogenicity), levetiracetam, and/or clonazepam. Several genes have been identified, which differ in potential pathogenicity. Discussion Based on the core features (above), the syndrome can be considered a distinct clinical entity. Clinical features may also include proximal myoclonus and mild progression with aging. Valproate or levetiracetam, with or without clonazepam, reduces symptoms. FCMTE is a heterogeneous disorder, and likely to include a variety of different conditions with mutations of different genes. Distinct phenotypic traits might reflect different genetic mutations. Genes involved in Purkinje cell outgrowth or those encoding for ion channels or neurotransmitters seem good candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van den Ende
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarvi Sharifi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. A. van der Salm
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Rootselaar AF, Groffen AJ, de Vries B, Callenbach PMC, Santen GWE, Koelewijn S, Vijfhuizen LS, Buijink A, Tijssen MAJ, van den Maagdenberg AMJM. δ-Catenin ( CTNND2) missense mutation in familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy. Neurology 2017; 89:2341-2350. [PMID: 29127138 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the causative gene in a large Dutch family with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE). METHODS We performed exome sequencing for 3 patients of our FCMTE family. Next, we performed knock-down (shRNA) and rescue experiments by overexpressing wild-type and mutant human δ-catenin (CTNND2) proteins in cortical mouse neurons and compared the results with morphologic abnormalities in the postmortem FCMTE brain. RESULTS We identified a missense mutation, p.Glu1044Lys, in the CTNND2 gene that cosegregated with the FCMTE phenotype. The knock-down of Ctnnd2 in cultured cortical mouse neurons revealed increased neurite outgrowth that was rescued by overexpression of wild-type, but not mutant, CTNND2 and was reminiscent of the morphologic abnormalities observed in cerebellar Purkinje cells from patients with FCMTE. CONCLUSIONS We propose CTNND2 as the causal gene in FCMTE3. Functional testing of the mutant protein revealed abnormal neuronal sprouting, consistent with the abnormal cerebellar Purkinje cell morphology in patients with FCMTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Groffen
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boukje de Vries
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Petra M C Callenbach
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs W E Santen
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephany Koelewijn
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne S Vijfhuizen
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Buijink
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina A J Tijssen
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- From the Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology (A.-F.v.R., A.B., M.A.J.T.), Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam; Departments of Functional Genomics and Clinical Genetics (A.J.G.), CNCR, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and VU Medical Centre; Departments of Human Genetics (B.d.V., S.K., L.S.V., A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Clinical Genetics (G.W.E.S.), and Neurology (A.M.J.M.v.d.M.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (P.M.C.C., M.A.J.T.), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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van Coller R, van Rootselaar AF, Schutte C, van der Meyden CH. Familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy: Description of a new South African pedigree with 30 year follow up. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 38:35-40. [PMID: 28237853 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to report the index case of a South African family with cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy, to describe the pedigree with the clinical findings and results of additional investigations, and to report the unique follow-up evaluation of affected and unaffected family members after 30 years. METHODS The index case led to evaluation of the clinical files of patients from 1978/1979 and clinical assessment and investigation of patients from this cohort as well as newly identified family members. Patients were examined clinically; cortical myoclonic tremor severity was scored by using the Fahn-Tolosa- Marin-Tremor Rating Scale and the Myoclonus Rating Scale. Cortical origin of myoclonus was proven. Statistical analyses were done to assess the impact of cortical myoclonic tremor on quality of life. CONCLUSION Clinical data was available for 23 patients. Increase in cortical myoclonic tremor and age showed a statistically significant correlation with worsening of the sub-score for Quality of Life (FTMTRS) and myoclonus rating scale. After 30 years eleven of fourteen patients could be followed up. Progression of cortical myoclonic tremor severity was noted but epilepsy control was adequate with all patients reporting less than two seizures per year. No clinical features of neurodegeneration were found. DISCUSSION We describe the initial presentation and 30 year follow-up of a four generation South African family with FCMTE. The unique long term follow up of this pedigree supports previous findings that the condition does not cause additional progressive neurological deterioration and quality of life is mostly influenced by worsening of the cortical myoclonic tremor with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan van Coller
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Schutte
- Department of Neurology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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30
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Analysis of the tremor in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2016; 128:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cen Z, Huang C, Yin H, Ding X, Xie F, Lu X, Ouyang Z, Lou Y, Qiu X, Wang Z, Xiao J, Ding M, Luo W. Clinical and neurophysiological features of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1704-1710. [PMID: 27613677 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy is a rare epilepsy syndrome. Herein, we report on nine Chinese familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy pedigrees to delineate its clinical and neurophysiological features. METHODS Detailed clinical and neurophysiological data were obtained. Somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes and clinical profile were analyzed using multilevel statistical models. Age-at-onset anticipation was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were interviewed directly, whose mean age at onset of cortical tremor and generalized tonic-clonic seizures were 31.0 ± 8.3 and 36.0 ± 7.9 years. Giant somatosensory evoked potential was detected in 87.5% (28 of 32) of patients, and long-latency cortical reflex was detected in 93.5% (29 of 31). Cortical tremor severity was significantly higher in patients with longer disease duration of cortical tremor (P = 0.0061). Somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes were significant higher in patients with higher level of cortical tremor severity (P = 0.0003) and those using antiepileptic drugs (P = 0.0150). Age-at-onset anticipation of cortical tremor with paternal transmission was found with statistical significance (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION We provided the clinical and neurophysiological features of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy patients. This study is reported for the presentation of this rare disease in a Chinese population with the largest single report on familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy worldwide. Age-at-onset anticipation of cortical tremor with paternal transmission was statistically significant, which further confirmed a possibility of unstable expanding repeat in the genetic mechanism of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Cen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houmin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Ding
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Lou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meiping Ding
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Aydin Özemir Z, Oğuz Akarsu E, Matur Z, Öge AE, Baykan B. Autosomal Dominant Cortical Tremor, Myoclonus, and Epilepsy Syndrome mimicking Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2016; 53:272-275. [PMID: 28373807 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2016.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME) syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous and under-recognized disease characterized by tremulous movements mimicking essential tremor, myoclonus, and rare generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Here we described the clinical and electrophysiological features of three siblings with ADCME syndrome mimicking juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). METHODS Three siblings (two females and one male) diagnosed with ADCME were analyzed by electroencephalogram (EEG), somatosensory evoked potentials, and accelerometric recordings. The results were compared with 14 JME patients without tremor and 14 with essential tremor (ET). RESULTS The shared features of the siblings were cortical tremor, myoclonia, epilepsy, migraine, and psychiatric symptoms. In all siblings, tremor had started before myoclonic epilepsy associated with 4-6 Hz generalized spike and wave discharges. The N20-P25 and P25-N35 amplitudes were substantially higher in the three siblings with ADCME. Although tremor frequencies were similar to those of the ET group, the siblings had mild interrupting low-amplitude myoclonus, suggestive of cortical tremor, in the accelerometric analysis. CONCLUSION We presented a detailed clinical evaluation with electrophysiological confirmation of ADCME syndrome in a Turkish family. This rare clinical picture might be misdiagnosed as JME and should be kept in mind to ensure correct diagnosis and to provide a homogenous group for genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aydin Özemir
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Oğuz Akarsu
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Matur
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Emre Öge
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Baykan
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Gao L, Li L, Ye J, Zhu X, Shen N, Zhang X, Wang D, Gao Y, Lin H, Wang Y, Liu Y. Identification of a novel mutation in PLA2G6 gene in a Chinese pedigree with familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Seizure 2016; 41:81-5. [PMID: 27513994 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) is an epileptic syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance, of which four genetic subtypes (FCMTE1-4) have been reported. In the present study, we described the clinical and neurophysiologic features of a newly diagnosed Chinese FCMTE family, and investigated the genetic cause for this disease. METHODS Clinical information was obtained from affected and normal individuals of an FCMTE family comprising 41 members. Electroencephalographies were analyzed in five of six affected members (including the proband). Brain magnetic resonance imaging, somatosensory evoked potential with C-reflex analysis and magnetoencephalography was performed in the proband. Genomic DNA of three affected and two unaffected individuals was analyzed to detect the genetic mutations by using whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS The inheritance pattern of the pedigree was autosomal dominant. A novel missense mutation c.475C>T (p.Ala159Thr) of PLA2G6 were identified in this family. The mutated locus is highly conserved among other species. The mutation is predicted to have a functional impact, and completely co-segregated with the phenotype. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel PLA2G6 mutation that is the possible genetic cause of FCMTE in this family. This mutation and associated clinical features expand the spectrum and phenotypes of PLA2G6-related disorders including neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehong Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dequan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100101, China.
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Henden L, Freytag S, Afawi Z, Baldassari S, Berkovic SF, Bisulli F, Canafoglia L, Casari G, Crompton DE, Depienne C, Gecz J, Guerrini R, Helbig I, Hirsch E, Keren B, Klein KM, Labauge P, LeGuern E, Licchetta L, Mei D, Nava C, Pippucci T, Rudolf G, Scheffer IE, Striano P, Tinuper P, Zara F, Corbett M, Bahlo M. Identity by descent fine mapping of familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) to 2p11.2-2q11.2. Hum Genet 2016; 135:1117-25. [PMID: 27368338 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by adult onset, involuntary muscle jerks, cortical myoclonus and occasional seizures. FAME is genetically heterogeneous with more than 70 families reported worldwide and five potential disease loci. The efforts to identify potential causal variants have been unsuccessful in all but three families. To date, linkage analysis has been the main approach to find and narrow FAME critical regions. We propose an alternative method, pedigree free identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping, that infers regions of the genome between individuals that have been inherited from a common ancestor. IBD mapping provides an alternative to linkage analysis in the presence of allelic and locus heterogeneity by detecting clusters of individuals who share a common allele. Succeeding IBD mapping, gene prioritization based on gene co-expression analysis can be used to identify the most promising candidate genes. We performed an IBD analysis using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data followed by gene prioritization on a FAME cohort of ten European families and one Australian/New Zealander family; eight of which had known disease loci. By identifying IBD regions common to multiple families, we were able to narrow the FAME2 locus to a 9.78 megabase interval within 2p11.2-q11.2. We provide additional evidence of a founder effect in four Italian families and allelic heterogeneity with at least four distinct founders responsible for FAME at the FAME2 locus. In addition, we suggest candidate disease genes using gene prioritization based on gene co-expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndal Henden
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Saskia Freytag
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zaid Afawi
- Tel Aviv University Medical School, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Baldassari
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Neurophysiopathology and Epilepsy Center, IRCCS Foundation C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Casari
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Christel Depienne
- Département de Médicine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Robinson Institute and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.,Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Physiology and Cell Biology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel.,Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edouard Hirsch
- Medical and Surgical Epilepsy Unit, Hautepierre Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,UMR S 1127, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Hessen, University Hospitals Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University, Gui de Chauliac, 34295, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric LeGuern
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,UMR S 1127, ICM, 75013, Paris, France.,INSERM, U 1127; CNRS, UMR 7225; INSERM UMR 975; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière; and Département de Génétique et de Cytogénétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6) (UPMC), UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Caroline Nava
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,UMR S 1127, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Pippucci
- Medical Genetics Unit, Polyclinic Sant'Orsola-Malpighi-Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Département de Médicine translationnelle et Neurogénétique, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Department of Neurology, Hautepierre Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ingrid Eileen Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mark Corbett
- Robinson Institute and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Long L, Zeng LL, Song Y, Shen H, Fang P, Zhang L, Xu L, Gong J, Zhang YC, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Huang S, Chen S, Xie Y, Hu D, Xiao B. Altered cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016; 57:941-8. [PMID: 27037791 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME) remains unknown, although cerebellar pathologic changes and brain hyperexcitability have been reported. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and cerebrum in a Chinese family with BAFME for the first time. METHODS Eleven adults with BAFME and 15 matched healthy controls underwent resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI scanning. The cerebellar seeds, including the bilateral crus I, lobule VIII, lobule VIIb, and lobule IV&V, were defined a priori. Next, regional time courses were obtained for each individual by averaging the BOLD time series over all voxels in each seed region. Then, seed-based functional connectivity z-maps were produced by computing Pearson's correlation coefficients (converted to z-scores by Fisher transformation) between each seed signal and the time series from all other voxels within the entire brain. Finally, a second-level random-effect two-sample t-test was performed on the individual z-maps in a voxel-wise manner. RESULTS Reduced functional connectivity of the right cerebellar crus I with the left middle frontal gyrus and right cerebellar lobule IX was observed in the default network of BAFME. Enhanced functional connectivity of the left cerebellar lobule VIII with the bilateral middle temporal gyri, right putamen, and left cerebellar crus I was found in the dorsal attention network of BAFME. Enhanced functional connectivity between the left cerebellar lobule VIIb and right frontal pole was found in the control network of BAFME. SIGNIFICANCE Altered cerebellar-cerebral functional connectivity may contribute to the understanding of the nosogenesis of BAFME and explain the cognitive dysfunction in this Chinese family with BAFME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Fang
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yun-Ci Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Pinting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Mechatronics and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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36
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Coppola A, Caccavale C, Santulli L, Balestrini S, Cagnetti C, Licchetta L, Esposito M, Bisulli F, Tinuper P, Provinciali L, Minetti C, Zara F, Striano P, Striano S. Psychiatric comorbidities in patients from seven families with autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 56:38-43. [PMID: 26827300 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this report was to assess the psychiatric comorbidity in a group of patients affected by autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME). METHODS Reliable and validated psychodiagnostic scales including the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), STAI-Y1 and 2 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Y; 1 and 2), MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - 2), and QoLIE-31 (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory - 31) were administered to 20 patients with ADCME, 20 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and 20 healthy controls. RESULTS There was a higher prevalence of mood disorders in patients with ADCME compared to patients with JME and healthy controls, particularly depression (p=0.035 and p=0.017, respectively) and state anxiety (p=0.024 and p=0.019, respectively). Trait anxiety was not different from JME (p=0.102) but higher than healthy controls (p=0.017). The myoclonus score positively correlated with both state (rho: 0.58, p=0.042) and trait anxiety (rho: 0.65, p=0.011). These psychiatric features were also often associated with pathological traits of personality: paranoid (OR: 25.7, p=0.003), psychasthenia (OR: 7.0, p=0.023), schizophrenia (OR: 8.5, p=0.011), and hypomania (OR: 5.5, p=0.022). Finally, in patients with ADCME, decreased quality of life correlated with these psychiatric symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with ADCME show a significant psychiatric burden that impairs their quality of life. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation should be offered at the time of diagnosis to detect these comorbidities and to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Coppola
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy.
| | - Carmela Caccavale
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lia Santulli
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Balestrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Epilepsy Society, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks, UK; Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Cagnetti
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Esposito
- Department of Neurological Science, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Tinuper
- IRCCS, Neurological Science Institute of Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Leandro Provinciali
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neurosciences, Department of Neurosciences, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Striano
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Odontostomatology and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Mahadevan R, Viswanathan N, Shanmugam G, Sankaralingam S, Essaki B, Chelladurai RP. Autosomal dominant cortical tremor, myoclonus, and epilepsy (ADCME) in a unique south Indian community. Epilepsia 2016; 57:e56-9. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Mahadevan
- Department of Neurology; Tirunelveli Medical College; Tirunelveli Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Ganesan Shanmugam
- Department of Neurology; Tirunelveli Medical College; Tirunelveli Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Bobby Essaki
- Department of Neurology; Tirunelveli Medical College; Tirunelveli Tamilnadu India
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Cen ZD, Xie F, Xiao JF, Luo W. Rational search for genes in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy, clues from recent advances. Seizure 2016; 34:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zeng LL, Long L, Shen H, Fang P, Song Y, Zhang L, Xu L, Gong J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao B, Hu D. Gray Matter Loss and Related Functional Connectivity Alterations in A Chinese Family With Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1767. [PMID: 26496303 PMCID: PMC4620778 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME) is a non-progressive monogenic epilepsy syndrome. So far, the structural and functional brain reorganizations in BAFME remain uncharacterized. This study aims to investigate gray matter atrophy and related functional connectivity alterations in patients with BAFME using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Eleven BAFME patients from a Chinese pedigree and 15 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Optimized voxel-based morphometric and resting-state functional MRI approaches were performed to measure gray matter atrophy and related functional connectivity, respectively. The Trail-Making Test-part A and part B, Digit Symbol Test (DST), and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) were carried out to evaluate attention and executive functions.The BAFME patients exhibited significant gray matter loss in the right hippocampus, right temporal pole, left orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. With these regions selected as seeds, the voxel-wise functional connectivity analysis revealed that the right hippocampus showed significantly enhanced connectivity with the right inferior parietal lobule, bilateral middle cingulate cortex, left precuneus, and left precentral gyrus. Moreover, the BAFME patients showed significant lower scores in DST and VFT tests compared with the healthy controls. The gray matter densities of the right hippocampus, right temporal pole, and left orbitofrontal cortex were significantly positively correlated with the DST scores. In addition, the gray matter density of the right temporal pole was significantly positively correlated with the VFT scores, and the gray matter density of the right hippocampus was significantly negatively correlated with the duration of illness in the patients.The current study demonstrates gray matter loss and related functional connectivity alterations in the BAFME patients, perhaps underlying deficits in attention and executive functions in the BAFME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Zeng
- From the College of Mechatronics and Automation (Ling-Li Zeng, Hui Shen, Peng Fang, Dewen Hu), National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073; Department of Neurology (Lili Long, Yanmin Song, Lin Xu, Bo Xiao), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000; Fuyang People's Hospital (Linlin Zhang, Jian Gong, Yunci Zhang, Yong Zhang), Fuyang, Anhui 236000, People's Republic of China
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40
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Cen ZD, Xie F, Lou DN, Lu XJ, Ouyang ZY, Liu L, Cao J, Li D, Yin HM, Wang ZJ, Xiao JF, Luo W. Fine mapping and whole-exome sequencing of a familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy family. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:595-9. [PMID: 26130016 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) is an autosomal dominant epilepsy syndrome. Four loci, including 8q24 (FCMTE1), 2p11.1-q12.2 (FCMTE2), 5p15.31-p15.1 (FCMTE3), and 3q26.32-3q28 (FCMTE4) were previously reported. Herein, we report a new FCMTE1 pedigree from Chinese population with its clinical and genetic study results. Whole genome scan was performed to identify the causative gene region and copy number variants. Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify the causative gene. There were twelve affected members alive in this FCMTE1 pedigree. Nine affected members had both cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy, while three affected members had only cortical myoclonic tremor. Electrophysiologic examinations manifested giant somatosensory evoked potentials and long-latency cortical reflex in some affected members. Whole genome scan identified a 20.4 Mb causative gene region at 8q22.3-q24.13. No copy number variants were identified as the causative mutation. Whole-exome sequencing identified a co-segregated mutation (c.206A>T; p.Y69F) in the SLC30A8 gene. However, the evidence supporting this gene as the causative gene of FCMTE1 is not enough. We report the first Chinese FCMTE1 pedigree. No copy number variants, point mutation or small insertion/deletion were detected in the identified region that showed an association with FCMTE1. Further studies could focus on other possible genetic mechanisms while the association between the SLC30A8 and FCMTE1 needs further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Cen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Ning Lou
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Jiao Lu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cheng du, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hou-Min Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Feng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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41
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Altered intrinsic brain activity in patients with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy: An amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation study. J Neurol Sci 2015; 351:133-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Magnin E. Logopenic syndrome and corticobasal dysfunction in a "benign" type 3 familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 25:84-6. [PMID: 25645643 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Memory Center (CMRR), CHU, Besançon, France; Department of Neurology, Leenaards Memory Center, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Long L, Song Y, Zhang L, Hu C, Gong J, Xu L, Long H, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao B. A case-control proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study confirms cerebellar dysfunction in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:485-91. [PMID: 25750529 PMCID: PMC4348134 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s77910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME) is a rare form of epilepsy syndrome. The pathogenesis of BAFME remains unclear, though it seems to involve dysfunction of the cerebellum. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) to investigate whether neurochemical changes underlie abnormal brain function in BAFME. METHODS Twelve BAFME patients from one family and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The ratios of NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, Cho/Cr, and NAA/(Cr+Cho) were analyzed. RESULTS The BAFME patients exhibited a decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) ratio in the cerebellar cortex, whereas there were no significant differences in the NAA/creatine (Cr), Cho/Cr, and NAA/(Cr+Cho) ratios compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences in (1)H-MRS values in the frontal cortex or thalamus between the BAFME patients and controls. No correlation was detected between the NAA/Cho ratio in the cerebellar cortex and disease duration, myoclonus severity, or tremor severity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate clear cerebellar dysfunction in BAFME. (1)H-MRS is a useful tool for the diagnosis of BAFME in combination with family history and electrophysiological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gong
- The People's Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunci Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Fuyang, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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45
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Li J, Hu X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu G. A Chinese Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy Pedigree Suggesting Linkage to Chromosome 5p15.31–p15.1. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:627-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Apartis E, Jedynak CP. Tremori. Neurologia 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(14)66663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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47
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De Fusco M, Vago R, Striano P, Di Bonaventura C, Zara F, Mei D, Kim MS, Muallem S, Chen Y, Wang Q, Guerrini R, Casari G. The α2B-adrenergic receptor is mutant in cortical myoclonus and epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:77-87. [PMID: 24114805 PMCID: PMC3932827 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autosomal dominant cortical myoclonus and epilepsy (ADCME) is characterized by distal, fairly rhythmic myoclonus and epilepsy with variable severity. We have previously mapped the disease locus on chromosome 2p11.1-q12.2 by genome-wide linkage analysis. Additional pedigrees affected by similar forms of epilepsy have been associated with chromosomes 8q, 5p, and 3q, but none of the causing genes has been identified. We aim to identify the mutant gene responsible for this form of epilepsy. METHODS Genes included in the ADCME critical region were directly sequenced. Coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent, and electrophysiologic approaches to transfected human cells have been utilized for testing the functional significance of the identified mutation. RESULTS Here we show that mutation in the α2 -adrenergic receptor subtype B (α2B -AR) is associated with ADCME by identifying a novel in-frame insertion/deletion in 2 Italian families. The mutation alters several conserved residues of the third intracellular loop, hampering neither the α2B -AR plasma membrane localization nor the arrestin-mediated internalization capacity, but altering the binding with the scaffolding protein spinophilin upon neurotransmitter activation. Spinophilin, in turn, regulates interaction of G protein coupled receptors with regulator of G protein signaling proteins. Accordingly, the mutant α2B -AR increases the epinephrine-stimulated calcium signaling. INTERPRETATION The identified mutation is responsible for ADCME, as the loss of α2B -AR/spinophilin interaction causes a gain of function effect. This work implicates for the first time the α-adrenergic system in human epilepsy and opens new ways of understanding the molecular pathway of epileptogenesis, widening the spectrum of possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio De Fusco
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, “G. Gaslini” Institute, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurosciences, “G. Gaslini” Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Casari
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Martí-Massó JF, Bergareche A, Makarov V, Ruiz-Martinez J, Gorostidi A, López de Munain A, Poza JJ, Striano P, Buxbaum JD, Paisán-Ruiz C. The ACMSD gene, involved in tryptophan metabolism, is mutated in a family with cortical myoclonus, epilepsy, and parkinsonism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:1399-406. [PMID: 23955123 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy that is often accompanied by additional neurological features. Despite the numerous familial studies performed and the number of loci identified, there is no gene associated with this syndrome. It is expected that through the application of novel genomic technologies, such as whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing, a substantial number of novel genes will come to light in the coming years. In this study, we describe the identification of two disease-segregating mutations in a large family featuring cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy and parkinsonism. Due to the previous association of ACMSD deficiency with the development of epileptic seizures, we concluded that the identified nonsense mutation in the ACMSD gene, which encodes for a critical enzyme of the kynurenine pathway of the tryptophan metabolism, is the disease-segregating mutation most likely to be responsible for the phenotype described in our family. This finding not only reveals the identification of the first gene associated with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy but also discloses the kynurenine pathway as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this devastating syndrome. KEY MESSAGE ACMSD is mutated in a family with cortical myoclonus, epilepsy, and parkinsonism. ACMSD mutation contributes to the development of FCMTE QA accumulation is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of FCMTE. The kynurenine pathway as a potential drug target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Felix Martí-Massó
- Biodonostia Research Institute, Neurosciences area, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain,
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Licchetta L, Pippucci T, Bisulli F, Cantalupo G, Magini P, Alvisi L, Baldassari S, Martinelli P, Naldi I, Vanni N, Liguori R, Seri M, Tinuper P. A novel pedigree with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE): clinical characterization, refinement of the FCMTE2 locus, and confirmation of a founder haplotype. Epilepsia 2013; 54:1298-306. [PMID: 23663087 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the clinical, neurophysiologic, and genetic features of a new, large family with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE). METHODS Reliable clinical information was obtained on the 127 members. Thirty-one collaborative individuals were assessed by a detailed clinical interview and a complete neurologic examination. A polygraphic study was conducted in 15 patients, back-averaging analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials with C-reflex study in four. The genetic study investigated 30 subjects with microsatellite markers at three loci on chromosomes 8q (FCMTE1), 2p (FCMTE2), and 5p (FCMTE3). KEY FINDINGS The pedigree included 25 affected members (M/F: 9/16). We studied 16 of the 19 living affected members (M/F: 5/11; mean age 47.8 years). Cortical myoclonic tremor (CMT) was associated with generalized seizures in 10 patients (62.5%). The mean age at onset of CMT and seizures was 28.1 and 33.8 years, respectively. Four patients (25%) reported a slow progression of CMT, with severe gait impairment in one. Psychiatric disorders of variable severity recurred in 37.5% of cases. Rhythmic bursts at 7-15 Hz were recorded in all 11 affected members tested. Additional neurophysiologic investigations disclosed a cortical origin of myoclonus in all patients tested. Generalized epileptiform discharges were recorded in 25% of cases, and a photoparoxysmal response in 31%. Genetic analysis established linkage to the FCMTE2 locus on chromosome 2p11.1-2q12.2 (OMIM 607876) and narrowed the critical interval to a 10.4 Mb segment. Haplotype analysis in the present family identified a founder haplotype identical to that previously observed in families from the same geographic area. SIGNIFICANCE This study confirms evidence of a founder effect in Italian families and reduces the number of positional candidate genes in the FCMTE2 locus to 59, thereby contributing to future gene identification by Next Generation Sequencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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