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Norrito RL, Puleo MG, Pintus C, Basso MG, Rizzo G, Di Chiara T, Di Raimondo D, Parrinello G, Tuttolomondo A. Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and a Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:176. [PMID: 38391750 PMCID: PMC10887192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are an uncommon complication of cancer, affecting nearby 1/10,000 subjects with a tumour. PNSs can involve all the central and peripheral nervous systems, the muscular system, and the neuromuscular junction, causing extremely variable symptomatology. The diagnosis of the paraneoplastic disease usually precedes the clinical manifestations of cancer, making an immediate recognition of the pathology crucial to obtain a better prognosis. PNSs are autoimmune diseases caused by the expression of common antigens by the tumour and the nervous system. Specific antibodies can help clinicians diagnose them, but unfortunately, they are not always detectable. Immunosuppressive therapy and the treatment of cancer are the cornerstones of therapy for PNSs. This paper reports a case of PNSs associated with breast tumours and focuses on the most common paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We report a case of a young female with a clinical syndrome of the occurrence of rigidity in the right lower limb with postural instability with walking supported and diplopia, with a final diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and seronegative rigid human syndrome associated with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Puleo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Parrinello
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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2
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Boeing A, Mavrommatis L, Daya NM, Zhuge H, Volke L, Kocabas A, Kneifel M, Athamneh M, Krause K, Südkamp N, Döring K, Theiss C, Roos A, Zaehres H, Güttsches AK, Vorgerd M. Generation of two human iPSC lines (HIMRi002-A and HIMRi003-A) derived from Caveolinopathy patients with rippling muscle disease. Stem Cell Res 2023; 72:103220. [PMID: 37839261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce the human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (hiPSCs), HIMRi002-A and HIMRi003-A, generated from cultured dermal fibroblasts of 61-year-old (HIMRi002-A) and 38-year-old (HIMRi003-A) female patients, carrying a known heterozygous pathogenic variant (p.A46T) in the Caveolin 3 (CAV3) gene, via lentiviral expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. HIMRi002-A and HIMRi003-A display typical embryonic stem cell-like morphology, carry the p.A46T CAV3 gene mutation, express several pluripotent stem cell markers, retain normal karyotype (46, XX) and can differentiate in all three germ layers. We postulate that the HIMRi002-A and HIMRi003-A iPSC lines can be used for the characterization of CAV3-associated pathomechanisms and for developing new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boeing
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Mavrommatis
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - N M Daya
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Zhuge
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Volke
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kocabas
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kneifel
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Athamneh
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - K Krause
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Südkamp
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - K Döring
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - A Roos
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Zaehres
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - A K Güttsches
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Coexistence of a CAV3 mutation and a DMD deletion in a family with complex muscular diseases. Brain Dev 2019; 41:474-479. [PMID: 30723005 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) can comprehensively detect both pathogenic single nucleotide variants and copy number variants, enabling identification of a coexistence of two or more genetic etiologies. Here we report a family consisting of individuals with Becker muscular dystrophy and rippling muscle disease. The proband, a 12-year-old boy, was diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy with exon 45-55 DMD deletions at age 4. He had myalgia and muscle stiffness. Interestingly, percussion-induced muscle mounding (PIMM), which is a characteristic of rippling muscle disease, was also observed. The father also showed muscle stiffness, myalgia, fatigability, muscle rippling and PIMM. WES revealed a missense CAV3 mutation (NM_033337.2:c.80G>A) in the proband, the father, the oldest sister and the grandmother, who had an elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) level. The c.80G>A mutation was considered pathogenic according to ACMG guidelines. The second older sister, the mother and the paternal grandfather did not have the CAV3 mutation and had normal CK. Using two programs for copy number analysis with WES data, we successfully identified the DMD deletion in the proband, the older sister and the mother. We revealed the coexistence of the CAV3 mutation and the DMD deletion in a family with complex muscular diseases and confirmed the usefulness of WES for elucidating such etiology.
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González Coraspe JA, Weis J, Anderson ME, Münchberg U, Lorenz K, Buchkremer S, Carr S, Zahedi RP, Brauers E, Michels H, Sunada Y, Lochmüller H, Campbell KP, Freier E, Hathazi D, Roos A. Biochemical and pathological changes result from mutated Caveolin-3 in muscle. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:28. [PMID: 30153853 PMCID: PMC6114045 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-3 (CAV3) is a muscle-specific protein localized to the sarcolemma. It was suggested that CAV3 is involved in the connection between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton. Caveolinopathies often go along with increased CK levels indicative of sarcolemmal damage. So far, more than 40 dominant pathogenic mutations have been described leading to several phenotypes many of which are associated with a mis-localization of the mutant protein to the Golgi. Golgi retention and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated for the CAV3 p.P104L mutation, but further downstream pathophysiological consequences remained elusive so far. Methods We utilized a transgenic (p.P104L mutant) mouse model and performed proteomic profiling along with immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and immunoblot examinations (including examination of α-dystroglycan glycosylation), and morphological studies (electron and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy) in a systematic investigation of molecular and subcellular events in p.P104L caveolinopathy. Results Our electron and CARS microscopic as well as immunological studies revealed Golgi and ER proliferations along with a build-up of protein aggregates further characterized by immunoprecipitation and subsequent mass spectrometry. Molecular characterization these aggregates showed affection of mitochondrial and cytoskeletal proteins which accords with our ultra-structural findings. Additional global proteomic profiling revealed vulnerability of 120 proteins in diseased quadriceps muscle supporting our previous findings and providing more general insights into the underlying pathophysiology. Moreover, our data suggested that further DGC components are altered by the perturbed protein processing machinery but are not prone to form aggregates whereas other sarcolemmal proteins are ubiquitinated or bind to p62. Although the architecture of the ER and Golgi as organelles of protein glycosylation are altered, the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan presented unchanged. Conclusions Our combined data classify the p.P104 caveolinopathy as an ER-Golgi disorder impairing proper protein processing and leading to aggregate formation pertaining proteins important for mitochondrial function, cytoskeleton, ECM remodeling and sarcolemmal integrity. Glycosylation of sarcolemmal proteins seems to be normal. The new pathophysiological insights might be of relevance for the development of therapeutic strategies for caveolinopathy patients targeting improved protein folding capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0173-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ute Münchberg
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Buchkremer
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Carr
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - René Peiman Zahedi
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3T2, Canada.,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Eva Brauers
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Michels
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - Yoshihide Sunada
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK.,Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Erik Freier
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Angelini C, Fanin M. Limb girdle muscular dystrophies: clinical-genetical diagnostic update and prospects for therapy. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1367283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neuromuscular Center, San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy
| | - Marina Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Bettini M, Gonorazky H, Chaves M, Fulgenzi E, Figueredo A, Christiansen S, Cristiano E, Bertini ES, Rugiero M. Immune-mediated rippling muscle disease and myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:59-61. [PMID: 27725122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cases of acquired rippling muscle disease in association with myasthenia gravis have been reported. We present three patients with iRMD (immune-mediated rippling muscle disease) and AChR-antibody positive myasthenia gravis. None of them had thymus pathology. They presented exercise-induced muscle rippling combined with generalized myasthenia gravis. One of them had muscle biopsy showing a myopathic pattern and a patchy immunostaining with caveolin antibodies. They were successfully treated steroids and azathioprine. The immune nature of this association is supported by the response to immunotherapies and the positivity of AChR-antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Bettini
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hernan Gonorazky
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Chaves
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Fulgenzi
- Neurology Department, Cesar Milstein Care Unit, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Christiansen
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Cristiano
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrico S Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorder, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcelo Rugiero
- Neuromuscular Diseases Section, Neurology Department, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Cheng JPX, Nichols BJ. Caveolae: One Function or Many? Trends Cell Biol 2015; 26:177-189. [PMID: 26653791 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are small, bulb-shaped plasma membrane invaginations. Mutations that ablate caveolae lead to diverse phenotypes in mice and humans, making it challenging to uncover their molecular mechanisms. Caveolae have been described to function in endocytosis and transcytosis (a specialized form of endocytosis) and in maintaining membrane lipid composition, as well as acting as signaling platforms. New data also support a model in which the central function of caveolae could be related to the protection of cells from mechanical stress within the plasma membrane. We present evidence for these diverse roles and consider in vitro and in vivo experiments confirming a mechanoprotective role. We conclude by highlighting current gaps in our knowledge of how mechanical signals may be transduced by caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade P X Cheng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Benjamin J Nichols
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Abstract
Isaacs syndrome is a peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) syndrome that presents as continuous motor activity. Clinical findings include cramps, fasciculations, and myokymia. Electrodiagnosis plays a key role in diagnosis by demonstrating after-discharges on nerve conduction studies, and fasciculation potentials, myokymic discharges, neuromyotonic discharges, and other types of abnormal spontaneous activity on needle examination. Etiopathogenesis involves the interaction of genetic, autoimmune, and paraneoplastic factors, which requires a broad-ranging evaluation for underlying causes. Initial treatment is symptomatic, but immune therapy is often needed and can be effective. The purpose of this review is to describe the syndrome and its pathogenesis, assist the reader in evaluating patients with suspected Isaacs syndrome and distinguishing it from other disorders of PNH, and suggest an approach to management, including both symptomatic and immunomodulating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiesha Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, EC 037, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, EC 037, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA.,Department of Humanities, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennyslvania, USA
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9
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Lariccia V, Nasti AA, Alessandrini F, Pesaresi M, Gratteri S, Tagliabracci A, Amoroso S. Identification and functional analysis of a new putative caveolin-3 variant found in a patient with sudden unexplained death. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:58. [PMID: 24917393 PMCID: PMC4109384 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the clinical outcome of a lethal arrhythmia that can develop on the background of unrecognized channelopathies or cardiomyopathies. Several susceptibility genes have been identified for the congenital forms of these cardiac diseases, including caveolin-3 (Cav-3) gene. In the heart Cav-3 is the main component of caveolae, plasma membrane domains that regulate multiple cellular processes highly relevant for cardiac excitability, such as trafficking, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction and cellular response to injury. Here we characterized a new putative Cav-3 variant, Cav-3 V82I, found in a patient with SCD. Results In heterologous systems Cav-3 V82I was expressed at significantly higher level than Cav-3 WT and accumulated within the cells. Cells expressing Cav-3 V82I exhibited a decreased activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and were more vulnerable to sub-lethal osmotic stress. Conclusion Considering that abnormal loss of myocytes can play a mechanistic role in lethal cardiac diseases, we suggest that the detrimental effect of Cav-3 V82I variant on cell viability may participate in determining the susceptibility to cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
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10
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Parton RG, del Pozo MA. Caveolae as plasma membrane sensors, protectors and organizers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:98-112. [PMID: 23340574 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are submicroscopic, plasma membrane pits that are abundant in many mammalian cell types. The past few years have seen a quantum leap in our understanding of the formation, dynamics and functions of these enigmatic structures. Caveolae have now emerged as vital plasma membrane sensors that can respond to plasma membrane stresses and remodel the extracellular environment. Caveolae at the plasma membrane can be removed by endocytosis to regulate their surface density or can be disassembled and their structural components degraded. Coat proteins, called cavins, work together with caveolins to regulate the formation of caveolae but also have the potential to dynamically transmit signals that originate in caveolae to various cellular destinations. The importance of caveolae as protective elements in the plasma membrane, and as membrane organizers and sensors, is highlighted by links between caveolae dysfunction and human diseases, including muscular dystrophies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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11
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Milone M, Mcevoy KM, Sorenson EJ, Daube JR. Myotonia associated with caveolin-3 mutation. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:897-900. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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13
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Arias Gómez M, Alberte-Woodwar M, Arias-Rivas S, Dapena D, Pintos E, Navarro C. Unilateral calf atrophy secondary to a de novo mutation of the caveolin-3 gene. Muscle Nerve 2011; 44:126-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Maki T, Matsumoto R, Kohara N, Kondo T, Son I, Mezaki T, Nishino I, Ikeda A, Takahashi R. Rippling is not always electrically silent in rippling muscle disease. Muscle Nerve 2011; 43:601-5. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Gazzerro E, Bonetto A, Minetti C. Caveolinopathies: translational implications of caveolin-3 in skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2011; 101:135-142. [PMID: 21496630 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045031-5.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized lipid rafts localized on the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemmal membrane. Caveolae contribute to the maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, constitute specific macromolecular complexes that provide highly localized regulation of ion channels, and regulate vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. In skeletal muscle, the main structural assembly of caveolae is mediated by caveolin-3. Another family of adapter proteins, the cavins, is involved in the regulation of caveolae function and in the trafficking of caveolin-derived structures. Caveolin-3 defects lead to four distinct skeletal muscle disease phenotypes: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy, and hyperCKemia. Many patients show an overlap of these symptoms, and the same mutation can be linked to different clinical phenotypes. An ever-growing interest is also focused on the association between caveolin-3 mutations and heart disorders. Indeed, caveolin-3 mutants have been described in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and mutations in the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) have been identified in patients affected by congenital long QT syndrome. Although caveolin-3 deficiency represents the primary event, multiple secondary molecular mechanisms lead to muscle tissue damage. Among these, sarcolemmal membrane alterations, disorganization of skeletal muscle T-tubule network, and disruption of distinct cell signaling pathways have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gazzerro
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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16
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Brauers E, Dreier A, Roos A, Wormland B, Weis J, Krüttgen A. Differential effects of myopathy-associated caveolin-3 mutants on growth factor signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:261-70. [PMID: 20472890 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-3 is an important scaffold protein of cholesterol-rich caveolae. Mutations of caveolin-3 cause hereditary myopathies that comprise remarkably different pathologies. Growth factor signaling plays an important role in muscle physiology; it is influenced by caveolins and cholesterol-rich rafts and might thus be affected by caveolin-3 dysfunction. Prompted by the observation of a marked chronic peripheral neuropathy in a patient suffering from rippling muscle disease due to the R26Q caveolin-3 mutation and because TrkA is expressed by neuronal cells and skeletal muscle fibers, we performed a detailed comparative study on the effect of pathogenic caveolin-3 mutants on the signaling and trafficking of the TrkA nerve growth factor receptor and, for comparison, of the epidermal growth factor receptor. We found that the R26Q mutant slightly and the P28L strongly reduced nerve growth factor signaling in TrkA-transfected cells. Surface biotinylation experiments revealed that the R26Q caveolin-3 mutation markedly reduced the internalization of TrkA, whereas the P28L did not. Moreover, P28L expression led to increased, whereas R26Q expression decreased, epidermal growth factor signaling. Taken together, we found differential effects of the R26Q and P28L caveolin-3 mutants on growth factor signaling. Our findings are of clinical interest because they might help explain the remarkable differences in the degree of muscle lesions caused by caveolin-3 mutations and also the co-occurrence of peripheral neuropathy in the R26Q caveolinopathy case presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Brauers
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Jacobi C, Ruscheweyh R, Vorgerd M, Weber MA, Storch-Hagenlocher B, Meinck HM. Rippling muscle disease: Variable phenotype in a family with five afflicted members. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:128-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
In muscle tissue the protein caveolin-3 forms caveolae--flask-shaped invaginations localized on the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemmal membrane. Caveolae have a key role in the maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and in the processes of vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene lead to skeletal muscle pathology through multiple pathogenetic mechanisms. Indeed, caveolin-3 deficiency is associated to sarcolemmal membrane alterations, disorganization of skeletal muscle T-tubule network and disruption of distinct cell-signaling pathways. To date, there have been 30 caveolin-3 mutations identified in the human population. Caveolin-3 defects lead to four distinct skeletal muscle disease phenotypes: limb girdle muscular dystrophy, rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy, and hyperCKemia. In addition, one caveolin-3 mutant has been described in a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Many patients show an overlap of these symptoms and the same mutation can be linked to different clinical phenotypes. This variability can be related to additional genetic or environmental factors. This review will address caveolin-3 biological functions in muscle cells and will describe the muscle and heart disease phenotypes associated with caveolin-3 mutations.
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Sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase defect in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: an adverse modulating factor in the disease course? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009; 68:383-90. [PMID: 19287313 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31819cd612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been associated with the pathogenesis and clinical expression of inherited myopathies. To determine whether a defect in nNOS might be an adverse modulating factor in the course of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, we investigated cytosolic and sarcolemmal nNOS expression in muscle biopsies from 32 patients with 7 forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Primary calpainopathy, dysferlinopathy, and caveolinopathy biopsies showed normal levels of cytosolic nNOS and preserved sarcolemmal nNOS immunoreactivity. By contrast, the cytosolic nNOS levels in sarcoglycanopathy muscles were variably reduced. Sarcolemmal nNOS immunoreactivity varied from absent to reduced, depending on the integrity of the sarcoglycan complex. In muscles with loss of the entire sarcoglycan complex, sarcolemmal nNOS was absent; it otherwise depended on the specific sarcoglycan gene and type of mutation. The integrity of the entire sarcoglycan complex is, therefore, essential for the stabilization of nNOS to the sarcolemma. Absence of sarcolemmal nNOS in sarcoglycanopathy muscle was always associated with severe muscular dystrophy and sometimes with dilated cardiomyopathy, supporting the hypothesis that nNOS defect might contribute to skeletal and cardiac muscle disease progression. These results emphasize the value of nNOS immunohistochemical analysis in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and provide additional insights for future therapeutic interventions in these disorders.
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Schoser B, Jacob S, Hilton-Jones D, Müller-Felber W, Kubisch C, Claus D, Goebel HH, Vita G, Vincent A, Toscano A, Bergh PVD. Immune-mediated rippling muscle disease with myasthenia gravis: A report of seven patients with long-term follow-up in two. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Lach B, Tarnopolsky M, Nguyen C. Sarcoplasmic hexagonally cross-linked tubular arrays immunostain for caveolin-3: an excess caveolinopathy? Acta Neuropathol 2009; 117:339-41. [PMID: 19184067 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Liu L, Brown D, McKee M, Lebrasseur NK, Yang D, Albrecht KH, Ravid K, Pilch PF. Deletion of Cavin/PTRF causes global loss of caveolae, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. Cell Metab 2008; 8:310-7. [PMID: 18840361 PMCID: PMC2581738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized invaginations of the plasma membrane found in numerous cell types. They have been implicated as playing a role in a variety of physiological processes and are typically characterized by their association with the caveolin family of proteins. We show here by means of targeted gene disruption in mice that a distinct caveolae-associated protein, Cavin/PTRF, is an essential component of caveolae. Animals lacking Cavin have no morphologically detectable caveolae in any cell type examined and have markedly diminished protein expression of all three caveolin isoforms while retaining normal or above normal caveolin mRNA expression. Cavin-knockout mice are viable and of normal weight but have higher circulating triglyceride levels, significantly reduced adipose tissue mass, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia--characteristics that constitute a lipodystrophic phenotype. Our results underscore the multiorgan role of caveolae in metabolic regulation and the obligate presence of Cavin for caveolae formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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23
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Aboumousa A, Hoogendijk J, Charlton R, Barresi R, Herrmann R, Voit T, Hudson J, Roberts M, Hilton-Jones D, Eagle M, Bushby K, Straub V. Caveolinopathy--new mutations and additional symptoms. Neuromuscul Disord 2008; 18:572-8. [PMID: 18583131 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) can lead to a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Phenotypes that have so far been associated with primary caveolin-3 deficiency include limb girdle muscular dystrophy, rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy and hyperCKaemia. This is the first report describing the clinical, pathological and genetic features of patients with caveolinopathy from the UK. Ten patients (six families) were identified via the National Commissioning Group (NCG) service for patients with limb girdle muscle dystrophy in Newcastle. Myalgia was the most prominent symptom in our cohort of patients and for 50% it was the reason for referral. Muscle weakness was only found in 60% of the patients, whereas rippling muscle movement was present in 80%. One of the patients reported episodes of myoglobinuria and another one episodes of hypoglycaemia. Five different mutations were identified, two of which were novel and three that had previously been described. Caveolinopathy needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis in a range of clinical situations, including in patients who do not have any weakness. Indeed, rippling muscles are a more frequent symptom than weakness, and can be detected in childhood. Presentation with myalgia is common and management of it as well as of myoglobinuria and hypoglycaemia may have a major impact on the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aboumousa
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Zemans R, Downey GP. Role of caveolin-1 in regulation of inflammation: different strokes for different folks. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L175-7. [PMID: 18055840 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00488.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Hernández-Deviez DJ, Howes MT, Laval SH, Bushby K, Hancock JF, Parton RG. Caveolin regulates endocytosis of the muscle repair protein, dysferlin. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:6476-88. [PMID: 18096699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin and Caveolin-3 are plasma membrane proteins associated with muscular dystrophy. Patients with mutations in the CAV3 gene show dysferlin mislocalization in muscle cells. By utilizing caveolin-null cells, expression of caveolin mutants, and different mutants of dysferlin, we have dissected the site of action of caveolin with respect to dysferlin trafficking pathways. We now show that Caveolin-1 or -3 can facilitate exit of a dysferlin mutant that accumulates in the Golgi complex of Cav1(-/-) cells. In contrast, wild type dysferlin reaches the plasma membrane but is rapidly endocytosed in Cav1(-/-) cells. We demonstrate that the primary effect of caveolin is to cause surface retention of dysferlin. Caveolin-1 or Caveolin-3, but not specific caveolin mutants, inhibit endocytosis of dysferlin through a clathrin-independent pathway colocalizing with internalized glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Our results provide new insights into the role of this endocytic pathway in surface remodeling of specific surface components. In addition, they highlight a novel mechanism of action of caveolins relevant to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying caveolin-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia J Hernández-Deviez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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McEwen DP, Li Q, Jackson S, Jenkins PM, Martens JR. Caveolin regulates kv1.5 trafficking to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 73:678-85. [PMID: 18045854 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.042093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The targeting of ion channels to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains has emerged as a novel mechanism of ion channel localization. Previously, we reported that Kv1.5, a prominent cardiovascular K(+) channel alpha-subunit, localizes to caveolar microdomains. However, the mechanisms regulating Kv1.5 targeting and the functional significance of this localization are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate a role for caveolin in the trafficking of Kv1.5 to lipid raft microdomains where cholesterol modulates channel function. In cells lacking endogenous caveolin-1 or -3, the association of Kv1.5 with low-density, detergent-resistant membrane fractions requires coexpression with exogenous caveolin, which can form channel-caveolin complexes. Caveolin is not required for cell surface expression, however, and caveolin-trafficking mutants sequester Kv1.5, but not Kv2.1, in intracellular compartments, resulting in a loss of functional cell surface channel. Coexpression with wild type caveolin-1 does not alter Kv1.5 current density; rather, it induces depolarizing shifts in steady-state activation and inactivation. These shifts are analogous to those produced by elevation of membrane cholesterol. Together, these results show that caveolin modulates channel function by regulating trafficking to cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyke P McEwen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 1301 MSRB III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5632, USA
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27
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Lorenzoni PJ, Scola RH, Vieira N, Vainzof M, Carsten ALM, Werneck LC. A novel missense mutation in the caveolin-3 gene in rippling muscle disease. Muscle Nerve 2007; 36:258-60. [PMID: 17405141 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a benign myopathy with symptoms and signs of muscular hyperirritability. We report a 17-year-old patient who presented with muscular hypertrophy, local mounding on percussion, and a rippling phenomenon. Needle electromyography showed electrical silence during the rippling phenomenon. Muscle protein immunohistochemical analysis showed a partial deficiency of caveolin-3. Molecular analysis revealed a novel heterozygous A>C transition at nucleotide position 140 in exon 2 of the caveolin-3 gene. We associated this novel mutation with RMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J Lorenzoni
- Neuromuscular/Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua General Carneiro 181, Curitiba PR 80060-900, Brazil
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28
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Abstract
Caveolae are a highly abundant but enigmatic feature of mammalian cells. They form remarkably stable membrane domains at the plasma membrane but can also function as carriers in the exocytic and endocytic pathways. The apparently diverse functions of caveolae, including mechanosensing and lipid regulation, might be linked to their ability to respond to plasma membrane changes, a property that is dependent on their specialized lipid composition and biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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29
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Cronk LB, Ye B, Kaku T, Tester DJ, Vatta M, Makielski JC, Ackerman MJ. Novel mechanism for sudden infant death syndrome: persistent late sodium current secondary to mutations in caveolin-3. Heart Rhythm 2006; 4:161-6. [PMID: 17275750 PMCID: PMC2836535 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is one of the leading causes of death during the first year of life. Long QT syndrome (LQTS)-associated mutations may be responsible for 5% to 10% of SIDS cases. We recently established CAV3-encoded caveolin-3 as a novel LQTS-associated gene with mutations producing a gain-of-function, LQT3-like molecular/cellular phenotype. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and functional properties of CAV3 mutations in SIDS. METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and DNA sequencing, postmortem genetic testing of CAV3 was performed on genomic DNA isolated from frozen necropsy tissue on a population-based cohort of unrelated cases of SIDS (N = 134, 57 females, average age = 2.7 months). CAV3 mutations were engineered using site-directed mutagenesis and heterologously expressed in HEK293 cell lines stably expressing the SCN5A-encoded cardiac sodium channel. RESULTS Overall, three distinct CAV3 mutations (V14L, T78M, and L79R) were identified in three of 50 black infants (6-month-old male, 2-month-old female, and 8 month-old female), whereas no mutations were detected in 83 white infants (P <.05). CAV3 mutations were more likely in decedents 6 months or older (2/12) than in infants who died before 6 months (1/124, P = .02). Voltage clamp studies showed that all three CAV3 mutations caused a significant fivefold increase in late sodium current compared with controls. CONCLUSION This study provides the first molecular and functional evidence implicating CAV3 as a pathogenic basis of SIDS. The LQT3-like phenotype of increased late sodium current supports an arrhythmogenic mechanism for some cases of SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Cronk
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
| | - Bin Ye
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Toshihiko Kaku
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - David J. Tester
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
| | - Matteo Vatta
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine/Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN USA
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Watkins TC, Zelinka LM, Kesic M, Ansevin CF, Walker GR. Identification of skeletal muscle autoantigens by expression library screening using sera from autoimmune rippling muscle disease (ARMD) patients. J Cell Biochem 2006; 99:79-87. [PMID: 16598745 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel forms of contractile regulation observed in skeletal muscle are evident in neuromuscular diseases like rippling muscle disease (RMD). Previous studies of an autoimmune form of RMD (ARMD) identified a very high molecular weight skeletal muscle protein antigen recognized by ARMD patient antisera. This study utilized ARMD and myasthenia gravis (MG) patient antisera, to screen a human skeletal muscle cDNA library that subsequently identified proteins that could play a role in ARMD. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis, three distinct ARMD antigens were identified: titin Isoform N2A, ATP synthase 6, and PPP1R3 (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3). The region of titin identified by ARMD antisera is distinct from the main immunogenic region (MIR) recognized by classical MG antibodies. Sera from classical MG patient identifies an expressed sequence corresponding to the titin MIR. Although the mechanism of antibody penetration is not known, previous studies have shown that rippling muscle antibodies affect the contractile machinery of myofibers resulting in mechanical sensitivity. Titin's role as a modulator of muscle contractility makes it a potential target in understanding muscle mechanosensitive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Watkins
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44555-3602, USA
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31
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Capasso M, De Angelis MV, Di Muzio A, Scarciolla O, Pace M, Stuppia L, Comi GP, Uncini A. Familial idiopathic hyper-CK-emia: an underrecognized condition. Muscle Nerve 2006; 33:760-5. [PMID: 16502425 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Persistent elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) in individuals with normal neurological and laboratory examinations has been called idiopathic hyperCKemia (IH). IH has been reported in rare families and was recently ascribed to caveolin-3 gene mutations. We retrospectively found that IH was familial in 13 of 28 subjects in whom serum CK was measured in relatives. These 13 families had a total of 41 subjects with IH, including six over 60 years of age. In eight families there was male-to-male transmission and a higher prevalence of males with hyperCKemia. Muscle biopsy in one member of all families was normal or showed minimal, nonspecific changes. Morphometric examination disclosed different patterns of changes in fiber size and distribution. Caveolin-3 expression was normal and in five families molecular genetics excluded caveolin-3 gene mutations. Our findings suggest that IH is familial in 46% of cases. Familial IH is a benign genetically heterogeneous condition that is autosomal-dominant in at least 60% of cases, with a higher penetrance in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Capasso
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Center for Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013 Chieti, Italy
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Roberts HL, Day B, Lo H, McLean C, North K. Rippling muscle disease. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:576-8. [PMID: 16723230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A case of rippling muscle disease is presented and features of this rare condition, and its association with caveolin-3 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene L Roberts
- Department of Medicine (Neurosciences), Alfred Hospital, Monash University, P.O. Box 315, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia.
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Smythe GM, Rando TA. Altered caveolin-3 expression disrupts PI(3) kinase signaling leading to death of cultured muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:2816-25. [PMID: 16814768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae and their coat proteins, caveolins, co-ordinate multiple signaling pathways. Caveolin-3 is a muscle-specific caveolin isoform that is deficient in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1 C (LGMD1C). Paradoxically, overexpression of this protein also causes muscle degeneration in vivo. We hypothesize that altered membrane expression of caveolin-3 in muscle cells causes a degenerative phenotype by disrupting the co-ordination of signaling pathways that are critical to the maintenance of cell survival. Here, we show for the first time that, in normal muscle cells subjected to oxidative stress, the phosphatidylinositol (3) kinase (PI(3) kinase)-associated proteins PDK1 and Akt associate with caveolae where they bind to caveolin-3, and that normal activation of this pathway promotes cell survival. Either increased or decreased expression of caveolin-3 at the membrane caused an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and myotube survival was markedly improved by PI(3) kinase inhibition. This occurred concomitantly with altered phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic proteins GSK3beta and Bad, despite normal levels of Akt activation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that altered caveolin-3 expression can change the outcome of PI(3) kinase activation from cell survival to cell death. These findings indicate that normal expression and localization of caveolin-3 are required to appropriately co-ordinate PI(3) kinase/Akt-mediated cell survival signaling, and suggest that this pathway may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of muscular dystrophies associated with caveolin-3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M Smythe
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW, Australia 2640.
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Hernández-Deviez DJ, Martin S, Laval SH, Lo HP, Cooper ST, North KN, Bushby K, Parton RG. Aberrant dysferlin trafficking in cells lacking caveolin or expressing dystrophy mutants of caveolin-3. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 15:129-42. [PMID: 16319126 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dysferlin (DYSF) and caveolin-3 (CAV3) genes are associated with muscle disease. Dysferlin is mislocalized, by an unknown mechanism, in muscle from patients with mutations in caveolin-3 (Cav-3). To examine the link between Cav-3 mutations and dysferlin mistargeting, we studied their localization at high resolution in muscle fibers, in a model muscle cell line, and upon heterologous expression of dysferlin in muscle cell lines and in wild-type or caveolin-null fibroblasts. Dysferlin shows only partial overlap with Cav-3 on the surface of isolated muscle fibers but co-localizes with Cav-3 in developing transverse (T)-tubules in muscle cell lines. Heterologously expressed dystrophy-associated mutant Cav3R26Q accumulates in the Golgi complex of muscle cell lines or fibroblasts. Cav3R26Q and other Golgi-associated mutants of both Cav-3 (Cav3P104L) and Cav-1 (Cav1P132L) caused a dramatic redistribution of dysferlin to the Golgi complex. Heterologously expressed epitope-tagged dysferlin associates with the plasma membrane in primary fibroblasts and muscle cells. Transport to the cell surface is impaired in the absence of Cav-1 or Cav-3 showing that caveolins are essential for dysferlin association with the PM. These results suggest a functional role for caveolins in a novel post-Golgi trafficking pathway followed by dysferlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia J Hernández-Deviez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Nixon SJ, Wegner J, Ferguson C, Méry PF, Hancock JF, Currie PD, Key B, Westerfield M, Parton RG. Zebrafish as a model for caveolin-associated muscle disease; caveolin-3 is required for myofibril organization and muscle cell patterning. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1727-43. [PMID: 15888488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are an abundant feature of many animal cells. However, the exact function of caveolae remains unclear. We have used the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a system to understand caveolae function focusing on the muscle-specific caveolar protein, caveolin-3 (Cav3). We have identified caveolin-1 (alpha and beta), caveolin-2 and Cav3 in the zebrafish. Zebrafish Cav3 has 72% identity to human CAV3, and the amino acids altered in human muscle diseases are conserved in the zebrafish protein. During embryonic development, cav3 expression is apparent by early segmentation stages in the first differentiating muscle precursors, the adaxial cells and slightly later in the notochord. cav3 expression appears in the somites during mid-segmentation stages and then later in the pectoral fins and facial muscles. Cav3 and caveolae are located along the entire sarcolemma of late stage embryonic muscle fibers, whereas beta-dystroglycan is restricted to the muscle fiber ends. Down-regulation of Cav3 expression causes gross muscle abnormalities and uncoordinated movement. Ultrastructural analysis of isolated muscle fibers reveals defects in myoblast fusion and disorganized myofibril and membrane systems. Expression of the zebrafish equivalent to a human muscular dystrophy mutant, CAV3P104L, causes severe disruption of muscle differentiation. In addition, knockdown of Cav3 resulted in a dramatic up-regulation of eng1a expression resulting in an increase in the number of muscle pioneer-like cells adjacent to the notochord. These studies provide new insights into the role of Cav3 in muscle development and demonstrate its requirement for correct intracellular organization and myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Nixon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Universitky of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Sugie K, Murayama K, Noguchi S, Murakami N, Mochizuki M, Hayashi YK, Nonaka I, Nishino I. Two novel CAV3 gene mutations in Japanese families. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 14:810-4. [PMID: 15564037 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-3 deficiency is a rare, autosomal dominant, muscle disorder caused by caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) mutations and consists of four clinical phenotypes: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD-1C), rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy, and familial hyperCKemia. So far, only 13 mutations have been reported. We here report two novel heterozygous mutations, 96C>G (N32K) and 128T>A (V43E), in the CAV3 gene in two unrelated Japanese families with LGMD-1C. Both probands presented with elevated serum CK level with calf muscle hypertrophy in their childhood but without apparent muscle weakness. However, their mothers showed mild limb-girdle weakness in addition to high CK level. Caveolin-3 was deficient and caveolae were lacking in muscles from both patients. Our data confirm that caveolin-3 deficiency causes LGMD-1C and expand the variability in CAV3 gene mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Caveolin 3
- Caveolins/deficiency
- Caveolins/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Creatine Kinase/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Dysferlin
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Family Health
- Female
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genetic Testing
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Humans
- Hypertrophy/genetics
- Hypertrophy/pathology
- Japan
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Fulizio L, Chiara Nascimbeni A, Fanin M, Piluso G, Politano L, Nigro V, Angelini C. Molecular and muscle pathology in a series of caveolinopathy patients. Hum Mutat 2004; 25:82-9. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sotgia F, Woodman SE, Bonuccelli G, Capozza F, Minetti C, Scherer PE, Lisanti MP. Phenotypic behavior of caveolin-3 R26Q, a mutant associated with hyperCKemia, distal myopathy, and rippling muscle disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C1150-60. [PMID: 12839838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four different phenotypes have been associated with CAV3 mutations: limb girdle muscular dystrophy-1C (LGMD-1C), rippling muscle disease (RMD), and distal myopathy (DM), as well as idiopathic and familial hyperCKemia (HCK). Detailed molecular characterization of two caveolin-3 mutations (P104L and DeltaTFT), associated with LGMD-1C, shows them to impart a dominant-negative effect on wild-type caveolin-3, rendering it dysfunctional through sequestration in the Golgi complex. Interestingly, substitution of glutamine for arginine at amino acid position 26 (R26Q) of caveolin-3 is associated not only with RMD but also with DM and HCK. However, the phenotypic behavior of the caveolin-3 R26Q mutation has never been evaluated in cultured cells. Thus we characterized the cellular and molecular properties of the R26Q mutant protein to better understand how this mutation can manifest as such distinct disease phenotypes. Here, we show that the caveolin-3 R26Q mutant is mostly retained at the level of the Golgi complex. The caveolin-3 R26Q mutant formed oligomers of a much larger size than wild-type caveolin-3 and was excluded from caveolae-enriched membranes. However, caveolin-3 R26Q did not behave in a dominant-negative fashion when coexpressed with wild-type caveolin-3. Thus the R26Q mutation behaves differently from other caveolin-3 mutations (P104L and DeltaTFT) that have been previously characterized. These data provide a possible explanation for the scope of the various disease phenotypes associated with the caveolin-3 R26Q mutation. We propose a haploinsufficiency model in which reduced levels of wild-type caveolin-3, although not rendered dysfunctional due to the caveolin-3 R26Q mutant protein, are insufficient for normal muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, The Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Abstract
A specific genetic diagnosis can be reached for most children with muscular dystrophy. Advanced diagnostics, including genetic testing and analysis of nonmuscle tissues, such as skin and blood, often allow the diagnosis to be reached using minimally invasive procedures. These diagnostic advances accompany improved understanding of pathophysiology and pave the way for specific and curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
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Yabe I, Kawashima A, Kikuchi S, Higashi T, Fukazawa T, Hamada T, Sasaki H, Tashiro K. Caveolin-3 gene mutation in Japanese with rippling muscle disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:47-51. [PMID: 12807393 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare myopathy characterized by percussion-induced rapid muscle contractions, muscle mounding, and rippling. Recently a caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) mutation was identified in patients with autosomal dominant RMD. The objective of this study was to determine whether a similar mutation was present in two Japanese families with this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical examination, mutational analysis, and muscle immunohistochemistry were carried out in six patients from two Japanese RMD pedigrees. RESULTS Apart from the atrophy of the intrinsic muscles in their hands and a slight muscle weakness in their fingers, the clinical features of our patients were compatible with RMD. Our investigation revealed a CAV3 missense mutation, i.e. Arg26Gln in both families. Immunohistochemistry performed on a muscle biopsy specimen showed reduced caveolin-3 surface expression. CONCLUSIONS Japanese RMD also appears to result from a CAV3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, and Hokkaido Neurology Hospital, Nijyuyonken, Japan.
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Kubisch C, Schoser BGH, von Düring M, Betz RC, Goebel HH, Zahn S, Ehrbrecht A, Aasly J, Schroers A, Popovic N, Lochmüller H, Schröder JM, Brüning T, Malin JP, Fricke B, Meinck HM, Torbergsen T, Engels H, Voss B, Vorgerd M. Homozygous mutations in caveolin-3 cause a severe form of rippling muscle disease. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:512-20. [PMID: 12666119 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) cause different muscle disorders. Most patients with CAV3 alterations present with rippling muscle disease (RMD) characterized by signs of increased muscle irritability without muscle weakness. In some patients, CAV3 mutations underlie the progressive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD1C). Here, we report two unrelated patients with novel homozygous mutations (L86P and A92T) in CAV3. Both presented with a more severe clinical phenotype than usually seen in RMD. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of muscle biopsies showed a strong reduction of caveolin-3 in both homozygous RMD patients similar to the findings in heterozygous RMD. Electron microscopy studies showed a nearly complete absence of caveolae in the sarcolemma in all RMD patients analyzed. Additional plasma membrane irregularities (small plasmalemmal discontinuities, subsarcolemmal vacuoles, abnormal papillary projections) were more pronounced in homozygous than in heterozygous RMD patients. A stronger activation of nitric oxide synthase was observed in both homozygous patients compared with heterozygous RMD. Like in LGMD1C, dysferlin immunoreactivity is reduced in RMD but more pronounced in homozygous as compared with heterozygous RMD. Thus, we further extend the phenotypic variability of muscle caveolinopathies by identification of a severe form of RMD associated with homozygous CAV3 mutations.
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Abstract
Almost 50 years after the first sighting of small pits that covered the surface of mammalian cells, investigators are now getting to grips with the detailed workings of these enigmatic structures that we now know as caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Fischer D, Schroers A, Blümcke I, Urbach H, Zerres K, Mortier W, Vorgerd M, Schröder R. Consequences of a novel caveolin-3 mutation in a large German family. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:233-41. [PMID: 12557291 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human caveolin-3 gene (cav-3) on chromosome 3p25 have been described in limb girdle muscular dystrophy, rippling muscle disease, hyperCKemia, and distal myopathy. Here, we describe the genetic, myopathological, and clinical findings in a large German family harboring a novel heterozygous mutation (GAC-->GAA) in codon 27 of the cav-3 gene. This missense mutation causes an amino acid change from asparagine to glutamate (Asp27Glu) in the N-terminal region of the Cav-3 protein, which leads to a drastic decrease of Cav-3 protein expression in skeletal muscle tissue. In keeping with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, this novel cav-3 mutation was found to cosegregate with neuromuscular involvement in the reported family. Ultrastructural analysis of Cav-3-deficient muscle showed an abnormal folding of the plasma membrane as well as multiple vesicular structures in the subsarcolemmal region. Neurological examination of all nine subjects from three generations harboring the novel cav-3 mutation showed clear evidence of rippling muscle disease. However, only two of these nine patients showed isolated signs of rippling muscle disease without muscle weakness or atrophy, whereas five had additional signs of a distal myopathy and two fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a coexisting limb girdle muscular dystrophy. These findings indicate that mutations in the human cav-3 gene can lead to different and overlapping clinical phenotypes even within the same family. Different clinical phenotypes in caveolinopathies may be attributed to so far unidentified modifying factors/genes in the individual genetic background of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare disorder that occurs in both familial and sporadic forms. Seven patients have previously been reported with myasthenia gravis and sporadic RMD. There have been conflicting reports of the electrophysiological characteristics of rippling muscles in this acquired form. Another such patient is reported, and the clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory features of this disorder are described. In addition, this patient had alopecia areata and recurrent metastatic thymoma, years after resection of a benign thymoma. This report emphasizes the clinical manifestations of RMD in association with myasthenia gravis (RMD-MG), and its distinctive features, in this and previously reported patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Muscular dystrophy includes many genetically distinct disorders. The list of causative genes for muscular dystrophy has been expanding rapidly, including those for congenital muscular dystrophies. RECENT FINDINGS We review the newly identified causative genes and suggested molecular mechanisms, focusing on glycosylation abnormality of alpha-dystroglycan, collagen VI deficiency, four allelic diseases of caveolin-3 gene, and titin gene mutations. SUMMARY Several possible mechanisms causing muscular dystrophy were discussed. Defects in extracellular molecules have more significant effects resulting mainly in congenital muscular dystrophy, while intracellular molecular defects show milder effect on the phenotype. These hypotheses may provide a new paradigm in understanding the pathomechanism of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichizo Nishino
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a benign myopathy with symptoms and signs of muscular hyperexcitability. The typical finding is electrically silent muscle contractions provoked by mechanical stimuli and stretch. After the first description in 1975, there have been several publications on this disorder. Although RMD most often is reported with autosomal dominant inheritance, some sporadic cases are found, and an association with other diseases such as myasthenia gravis has also been reported. The pathophysiological mechanism is still not clarified. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis in the sarcoplasmic reticulum have been proposed as the most probable causes. However, recent genetic studies make a primary channelopathy unlikely. In this article, a review of this curious disease is presented.
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Abstract
Rippling muscle disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder first described in 1975. Recently, it could be classified as a caveolinopathy; in European families, mutations in the caveolin-3 gene were revealed as causing this disease. Although clinical symptoms were almost all described in adulthood, we are now reporting clinical data of seven children with rippling muscle disease owing to mutations in the caveolin-3 gene. Initial symptoms were frequent falls, inability to walk on heels, tiptoe walking with pain and a warm-up phenomenon, calf hypertrophy, and an elevated serum creatine kinase level. Percussion-/pressure-induced rapid contractions, painful muscle mounding, and rippling could be observed even in early childhood. The diagnosis can be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Muscle biopsy must be considered in patients without muscle weakness or mechanical hyperirritability to differentiate between rippling muscle disease and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schara
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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