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Creteanu A, Lisa G, Vasile C, Popescu MC, Spac AF, Tantaru G. Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Controlled Amiodarone Delivery. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:97. [PMID: 37888029 PMCID: PMC10609381 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In various drug delivery systems, solid lipid nanoparticles are dominantly lipid-based nanocarriers. Amiodarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic agent used to treat severe rhythm disturbances. It has variable and hard-to-predict absorption in the gastrointestinal tract because of its low solubility and high permeability. The aims of this study were to improve its solubility by encapsulating amiodarone into solid lipid nanoparticles using two excipients-Compritol® 888 ATO (pellets) (C888) as a lipid matrix and Transcutol® (T) as a surfactant. Six types of amiodarone-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (AMD-SLNs) were obtained using a hot homogenization technique followed by ultrasonication with varying sonication parameters. AMD-SLNs were characterized by their size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. Based on the initial evaluation of the entrapment efficiency, only three solid lipid nanoparticle formulations (P1, P3, and P5) were further tested. They were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, near-infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro dissolution tests. The P5 formulation showed optimum pharmaco-technical properties, and it had the greatest potential to be used in oral pharmaceutical products for the controlled delivery of amiodarone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Creteanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iași, Romania
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Maria-Cristina Popescu
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iași, Romania
| | - Adrian Florin Spac
- Department of Phisico Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Gladiola Tantaru
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
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2
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Drug repurposing – A search for novel therapy for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kotoda M, Matsuoka T, Wada K, Jayakar S, Ino H, Kawago K, Kumakura Y. Amiodarone Provides Long-Lasting Local Anesthesia and Analgesia in Open-State Mouse Nociceptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872477. [PMID: 35370742 PMCID: PMC8971742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics with long-lasting effects and selectivity for nociceptors have been sought over the past decades. In this study, we investigated whether amiodarone, a multiple channel blocker, provides long-lasting local anesthesia and whether adding a TRPV1 channel activator selectively prolongs sensory anesthetic effects without prolonging motor blockade. Additionally, we examined whether amiodarone provides long-lasting analgesic effects against inflammatory pain without TRPV1 channel activator co-administration. In the sciatic nerve block model, 32 adult C57BL/6J mice received either bupivacaine, amiodarone with or without capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist), or vehicle via peri-sciatic nerve injection. Sensory and motor blockade were assessed either by pinprick and toe spread tests, respectively. In another set of 16 mice, inflammatory pain was induced in the hind paw by zymosan injection, followed by administration of either amiodarone or vehicle. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity and paw thickness were assessed using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests, respectively. The possible cardiovascular and neurological side effects of local amiodarone injection were assessed in another set of 12 mice. In the sciatic nerve block model, amiodarone produced robust anesthesia, and the co-administration of TRPV1 agonist capsaicin prolonged the duration of sensory blockade, but not that of motor blockade [complete sensory block duration: 195.0 ± 9.8 min vs. 28.8 ± 1.3 min, F (2, 21) = 317.6, p < 0.01, complete motor block duration: 27.5 ± 1.6 min vs. 21.3 ± 2.3 min, F (2, 22) = 11.1, p = 0.0695]. In the zymosan-induced inflammatory pain model, low-dose amiodarone was effective in reversing the mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity not requiring capsaicin co-administration [50% withdrawal threshold at 8 h (g): 0.85 ± 0.09 vs. 0.25 ± 0.08, p < 0.01, withdrawal latency at 4 h (s) 8.5 ± 0.5 vs. 5.7 ± 1.4, p < 0.05]. Low-dose amiodarone did not affect zymosan-induced paw inflammation. Local amiodarone did not cause cardiovascular or central nervous system side effects. Amiodarone may have the potential to be a long-acting and nociceptor-selective local anesthetic and analgesic method acting over open-state large-pore channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kotoda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toru Matsuoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Wada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hirofumi Ino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Koji Kawago
- Department of Surgery Ⅱ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Kumakura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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4
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Gazerani P. Identification of novel analgesics through a drug repurposing strategy. Pain Manag 2019; 9:399-415. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new indications for approved or failed drugs is a process called drug repositioning or drug repurposing. The motivation includes overcoming the productivity gap that exists in drug development, which is a high-cost–high-risk process. Repositioning also includes rescuing drugs that have safely entered the market but have failed to demonstrate sufficient efficiency for the initial clinical indication. Considering the high prevalence of chronic pain, the lack of sufficient efficacy and the safety issues of current analgesics, repositioning seems to be an attractive approach. This review presents example of drugs that already have been repositioned and highlights new technologies that are available for the identification of additional compounds to stimulate the curiosity of readers for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Gazerani
- Biomedicine, Department of Health Science & Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3 B, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
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Belinskaia DA, Belinskaia MA, Barygin OI, Vanchakova NP, Shestakova NN. Psychotropic Drugs for the Management of Chronic Pain and Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020099. [PMID: 31238561 PMCID: PMC6631469 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations have shown that patients with chronic neuropathic pain or itch exhibit symptoms of increased anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Such patients need corrective therapy with antidepressants, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants. It is known that some psychotropic drugs are also effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pruritus syndromes due to interaction with the secondary molecular targets. Our own clinical studies have identified antipruritic and/or analgesic efficacy of the following compounds: tianeptine (atypical tricyclic antidepressant), citalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), mianserin (tetracyclic antidepressant), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), trazodone (serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor), and chlorprothixene (antipsychotic). Venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is known to have an analgesic effect too. The mechanism of such effect of these drugs is not fully understood. Herein we review and correlate the literature data on analgesic/antipruritic activity with pharmacological profile of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Mariia A Belinskaia
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Oleg I Barygin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
| | - Nina P Vanchakova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, First Pavlov State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia.
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Kotoda M, Ino H, Kumakura Y, Iijima T, Ishiyama T, Matsukawa T. Analgesic effects of amiodarone in mouse models of pain. J Pain Res 2019; 12:1825-1832. [PMID: 31239760 PMCID: PMC6559139 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s196480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Although amiodarone is classified as a Vaughan-Williams class Ⅲ antiarrhythmic drug, it has inhibitory effects on voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels and on β-adrenergic receptors. Given these pharmacological profiles, amiodarone may have analgesic properties. Most patients who are prescribed amiodarone possess multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Despite the fact that pain plays a crucial role as a clinical indicator of cardiovascular events, the effects of amiodarone on pain have not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the analgesic effects of amiodarone by using mouse models of pain in an effort to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods: Adult male C57B6 mice received single bolus intraperitoneal injections of amiodarone at doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, while the mice in the control group received only normal saline. The analgesic effects of amiodarone were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, and tail withdrawal test. In addition, the potassium channel opener NS1643, voltage-gated sodium channel opener veratrine, calcium channel opener BAYK8644, and selective β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol were used to uncover the underlying mechanism. Results: During the acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, and tail withdrawal test, amiodarone induced analgesic responses in a dose-dependent manner. The analgesic effects of amiodarone were abolished by veratrine but not by NS1643, BAYK8644, or isoproterenol. Conclusion: Amiodarone induced analgesic responses in a dose-dependent manner, likely by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. These results indicate that clinical doses of amiodarone can affect nociception and may mask or attenuate pain induced by acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kotoda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Kumakura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iijima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Ishiyama
- Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Sodeifian G, Sajadian SA. Utilization of ultrasonic-assisted RESOLV (US-RESOLV) with polymeric stabilizers for production of amiodarone hydrochloride nanoparticles: Optimization of the process parameters. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Song YS, Joe JH, Joo HW, Park IH, Shen GY, Kim KJ, Lee Y, Shin JH, Kim H, Kim KS. The Effects of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on Regeneration in Nerve Crush Injuries in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1645-50. [PMID: 26980007 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is widely known to have a neuroprotective effect, but its effects on function and morphology in mechanical nerve injury are not well understood. The aim of this study was to confirm the time course of the functional changes and morphological effects of G-CSF in a rat model of nerve crush injury. Twelve-eight rats were divided into three group: sham-operated control group, G-CSF-treated group, and saline treated group. 2 weeks after the nerve crush injury, G-CSF was injected for 5 days. After 4 weeks, functional tests such as motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), mechanical and cold allodynia tests, and morphological studies were performed. G-CSF-treated rats had significantly improved nerve function including MNCV and mechanical and cold allodynia. In addition, G-CSF-treated rats had significantly higher the density of myelinated fibers than saline-treated rats. In conclusion, we found that 100 μg/kg administration of G-CSF promoted long-term functional recovery in a rat model of nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sun Song
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Joe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Joo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Hwa Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guang-Yin Shen
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonggu Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Sungae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Shin
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
The number of approved new molecular entity drugs has been decreasing as the pharmaceutical company investment in research and development is increasing. As we face this painful crisis, called an innovation gap, there is increasing awareness that development of new uses of existing drugs may be a powerful tool to help overcome this obstacle because it takes too long, costs too much and can be risky to release drugs developed de novo. Consequently, drug repositioning is emerging in different therapeutic areas, including the pain research area. Worldwide, pain is the main reason for seeking healthcare, and pain relief represents an unmet global clinical need. Therefore, development of analgesics with better efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness is of paramount importance. Despite the remarkable advancement in research on cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pain pathophysiology over the past three decades, target-based therapeutic opportunities have not been pursued to the same extent. Phenotypic screening remains a more powerful tool for drug development than target-based screening so far. It sounds somewhat heretical, but some multi-action drugs, rather than very selective ones, have been developed intentionally. In the present review, we first critically discuss the utility of drug repositioning for analgesic drug development and then show examples of 'old' drugs that have been successfully repositioned or that are under investigation for their analgesic actions. We conclude that drug repositioning should be more strongly encouraged to help build a bridge between basic research and pain relief worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Francisco Silva Bastos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, sala O4-202, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil,
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Choi YS, Jun IG, Kim SH, Park JY. Intrathecal lamotrigine attenuates mechanical allodynia and suppresses microglial and astrocytic activation in a rat model of spinal nerve ligation. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:321-9. [PMID: 23364963 PMCID: PMC3575973 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.2.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lamotrigine, a novel anticonvulsant, is a sodium channel blocker that is efficacious in certain forms of neuropathic pain. Recently, microglial and astrocytic activation has been implicated in the development of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. We have assessed the effects of continuous intrathecal administration of lamotrigine on the development of neuropathic pain and glial activation induced by L5/6 spinal-nerve ligation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following left L5/6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL), Sprague-Dawley male rats were intrathecally administered lamotrigine (24, 72, or 240 μg/day) or saline continuously for 7 days. Mechanical allodynia of the left hind paw to von Frey filament stimuli was determined before surgery (baseline) and once daily for 7 days postoperatively. On day 7, spinal activation of microglia and astrocytes was evaluated immunohistochemically, using antibodies to the microglial marker OX-42 and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS Spinal-nerve ligation induced mechanical allodynia in saline-treated rats, with OX-42 and GFAP immunoreactivity being significantly increased on the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord. Continuously administered intrathecal lamotrigine (240 μg/day) prevented the development of mechanical allodynia, and lower dose of lamotrigine (72 μg/day) ameliorated allodynia. Intrathecal lamotrigine (72 and 240 μg/day) inhibited nerve ligation-induced microglial and astrocytic activation, as evidenced by reduced numbers of cells positive for OX-42 and GFAP. CONCLUSION Continuously administered intrathecal lamotrigine blocked the development of mechanical allodynia induced by SNL with suppression of microglial and astrocytic activation. Continuous intrathecal administration of lamotrigine may be a promising therapeutic intervention to prevent neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sik Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gu Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Păduraru OM, Bosînceanu A, Ţântaru G, Vasile C. Effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on the Solubility of an Antiarrhythmic Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303440w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Maria Păduraru
- Romanian Academy, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Bosînceanu
- Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 16 University
Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gladiola Ţântaru
- Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 16 University
Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Vasile
- Romanian Academy, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular
Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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12
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Kim HY, Gwak YS, Shim I. An electrophysiological method for quantifying neuropathic pain behaviors in rats: measurement of hindlimb withdrawal EMG magnitude. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:473-6. [PMID: 19629633 PMCID: PMC10717735 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-009-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In behavior methods to quantify neuropathic pain, visual observations of limb-withdrawal reflexes to stimuli are not always clear-cut, so this method is partly subjective. Our current data suggest that measurement of electrophysiological EMG magnitudes enables more reliable and objective assessment for quantifying nocifensive behaviors related to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069 USA
| | - Young Seob Gwak
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069 USA
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701 Korea
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13
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Sorkin LS, Yaksh TL. Behavioral models of pain states evoked by physical injury to the peripheral nerve. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:609-19. [PMID: 19789066 PMCID: PMC5084283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical injury or compression of the root, dorsal root ganglion, or peripheral sensory axon leads to well-defined changes in biology and function. Behaviorally, humans report ongoing painful dysesthesias and aberrations in function, such that an otherwise innocuous stimulus will yield a pain report. These behavioral reports are believed to reflect the underlying changes in nerve function after injury, wherein increased spontaneous activity arises from the neuroma and dorsal root ganglion and spinal changes increase the response of spinal projection neurons. These pain states are distinct from those associated with tissue injury and pose particular problems in management. To provide for developing an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these pain states and to promote development of therapeutic agents, preclinical models involving section, compression, and constriction of the peripheral nerve or compression of the dorsal root ganglion have been developed. These models give rise to behaviors, which parallel those observed in the human after nerve injury. The present review considers these models and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Sorkin
- grid.266100.30000000121074242Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0818, 92093-0818 La Jolla, CA
| | - Tony L. Yaksh
- grid.266100.30000000121074242Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0818, 92093-0818 La Jolla, CA
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14
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Jun IG, Park JY, Choi YS, Kim TH. Intrathecal lamotrigine blocks and reverses antinociceptive morphine tolerance in rats. Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56:687-692. [DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2009.56.6.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- In-Gu Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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