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Ni X, Yu X, Ye Q, Su X, Shen S. Desflurane improves electrical activity of neurons and alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury by activating the Kcna1-dependent Kv1.1 channel. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:477-490. [PMID: 38184806 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Several volatile anesthetics have presented neuroprotective functions in ischemic injury. This study investigates the effect of desflurane (Des) on neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) challenge and explores the underpinning mechanism. Mouse neurons HT22 were subjected to OGD, which significantly reduced cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the OGD condition increased oxidative stress in HT22 cells, as manifested by increased ROS and MDA contents, decreased SOD activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, and reduced nuclear protein level of Nrf2. Notably, the oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were substantially blocked by Des treatment. Bioinformatics suggested potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 (Kcna1) as a target of Des. Indeed, the Kcna1 expression in HT22 cells was decreased by OGD but restored by Des treatment. Artificial knockdown of Kcna1 negated the neuroprotective effects of Des. By upregulating Kcna1, Des activated the Kv1.1 channel, therefore enhancing K+ currents and inducing neuronal repolarization. Pharmacological inhibition of the Kv1.1 channel reversed the protective effects of Des against OGD-induced injury. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Des improves electrical activity of neurons and alleviates OGD-induced neuronal injury by activating the Kcna1-dependent Kv1.1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 120, Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 120, Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 120, Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 120, Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 120, Suzhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian, 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Scheid S, Goebel U, Ulbrich F. Neuroprotection Is in the Air-Inhaled Gases on Their Way to the Neurons. Cells 2023; 12:2480. [PMID: 37887324 PMCID: PMC10605176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral injury is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality. Common causes include major cardiovascular events, such as cardiac arrest, ischemic stroke, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative as well as neuroinflammatory disorders. Despite improvements in pharmacological and interventional treatment options, due to the brain's limited regeneration potential, survival is often associated with the impairment of crucial functions that lead to occupational inability and enormous economic burden. For decades, researchers have therefore been investigating adjuvant therapeutic options to alleviate neuronal cell death. Although promising in preclinical studies, a huge variety of drugs thought to provide neuroprotective effects failed in clinical trials. However, utilizing medical gases, noble gases, and gaseous molecules as supportive treatment options may offer new perspectives for patients suffering neuronal damage. This review provides an overview of current research, potentials and mechanisms of these substances as a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Scheid
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, St. Franziskus-Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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Li F, Wang Z, Zhu B, Xu X, Liu Z. Development and Application of a Rapid Screening SPE-LC-QTOF Method for the Quantification of 14 Anesthetics in Aquatic Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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González-Moral ML, Parra S, Gerónimo-Pardo M. In vitro assessment of the direct hemolytic effect of the volatile halogenated anesthetics sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103814. [PMID: 35051617 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is being repurposed as a topical analgesic for painful wounds. Providing pre-charged sevoflurane syringes to irrigate wounds implies a potential risk of accidental intravenous injections. We assessed the potential of two concentrations (33% and 50% v/v) of three anesthetics, isoflurane, desflurane and sevoflurane, to produce hemolysis in vitro. Spectrophotometric absorbance was read at 576 nm. For both concentrations, the percentage of hemolysis (mean ± SD) was higher for isoflurane (29.7 ± 3.4% and 39.5 ± 5.3%), mild for desflurane (8.0 ± 0.5% and 6.5 ± 0.9%) and negligible for sevoflurane (0.7 ± 0.0% and 0.6 ± 0.1%), respectively. In conclusion, in contrast to isoflurane and desflurane, sevoflurane did not display hemolytic potential in vitro. However, the use of syringes preloaded with sevoflurane may still be problematic if it increases the possibility of inadvertent intravenous administration through increased risk of gas embolism and severe central nervous system depression.
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Han F, Zhao J, Zhao G. Prolonged Volatile Anesthetic Exposure Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathology in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1551-1562. [PMID: 34690137 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which shows a set of symptoms involving cognitive changes and psychological changes. Given that AD is the most common form of dementia in aging population and the increasing demand for anesthesia/surgery with aging, there has been significant interest in the exact impact of volatile anesthetics on cognitive function and pathological alterations in AD population. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate behavioral changes and neuropathology in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with short-term exposure or long-term exposure to desflurane, sevoflurane, or isoflurane. METHODS In this study, we exposed 5xFAD mouse model of AD to isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane in two different time periods (30 min and 6 h), and the memory related behaviors as well as the pathological changes in 5xFAD mice were evaluated 7 days after the anesthetic exposure. RESULTS We found that short-term exposure to volatile anesthetics did not affect hippocampus dependent memory and the amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. However, long-term exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane significantly increased the Aβ deposition in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus, as well as the glial cell activation in amygdala. Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the time-dependent effects of common volatile anesthetics and implicate that desflurane has the potential benefits to prolonged anesthetic exposure in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Zhu S, Wang Z, Yu J, Yin L, Zhu A. Atractylenolide III alleviates isoflurane-induced injury in rat hippocampal neurons by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13892. [PMID: 34363234 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of anesthetics relieves discomfort in patients during operation, but extensive application of anesthetics can cause damage to the nervous system. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is an active ingredient derived from Baizhu, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicines. Recent studies have shown that ATL-III alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in various tissues by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. However, whether or not the application of ATL-III could relieve isoflurane-induced damage in rat hippocampal neurons remains unclear. In this study, rats were stimulated with isoflurane and treated with ATL-III (intragastric administration) simultaneously. After rats were sacrificed, apoptosis and autophagy in the hippocampal neurons were assessed using TUNEL assays and western blotting, respectively. Then, the expression of inflammatory factors was determined by q-PCR and ELISA. The levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were quantified by western blotting. We found that ATL-III relieved isoflurane-induced apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation in hippocampal neurons in rats. ATL-III treatment also inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in these cells. Furthermore, ATL-III promoted the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in the hippocampal neurons. All these results indicated that ATL-III alleviated isoflurane-induced injury in rat hippocampal neurons by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Whether or not Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) could alleviate neurotoxicity induced by anesthetics is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATL-III on anesthetic-induced nervous system damage. The findings from this study could also provide a novel therapy for the treatment of patients with anesthetic-induced nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zeru Wang
- MOE key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Anding Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Commentary on Isoflurane in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus. Neurocrit Care 2021; 35:611-612. [PMID: 34286466 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Zhu Y, Zhou H, Chen D, Zhou D, Zhao N, Xiong L, Deng I, Zhou X, Zhu Z. New progress of isoflurane, sevoflurane and propofol in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and related molecular mechanisms based on p75 neurotrophic factor receptor. IBRAIN 2021; 7:132-140. [PMID: 37786902 PMCID: PMC10528789 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is one of the most common clinical disorders, especially in neonates. The complex pathophysiology of HIBI is an important cause of disability and even death of patients, however, being without effective clinical treatments. Common anesthetics (such as isoflurane, propofol and sevoflurane) have an adverse impact on neuronal cells for HIBI via the regulation of p75 neurotrophic factor receptor (P75NTR). In order to protect the injured brains and study the effect of underlying treatments, it is particularly significant to understand and master the developmental mechanism of anesthetics for the occurrence of HIBI related molecular mechanisms. Therefore, this paper will mainly review the corresponding pathogenic and protective mechanisms about HIBI binding to the research progress of the role of P75NTR. In conclusion, the effects of neuroprotection and injured nerves are involved in the expression and activation of P75NTR, mainly increased P75NTR mRNA, protein levels and calpain-dependent for propofol, and inducing neuronal apoptosis for isoflurane and sevoflurane, and we look forward to that connection with P75NTR, common anaesthetic and HIBI may be a new direction of research and gain perfect outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Dong‐Qin Chen
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Di Zhou
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of AnesthesiaHospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Liu‐Lin Xiong
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Issac Deng
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Xin‐Fu Zhou
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide5000South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Zhao‐Qiong Zhu
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Hogarth K, Vanama RB, Stratmann G, Maynes JT. Singular and short-term anesthesia exposure in the developing brain induces persistent neuronal changes consistent with chronic neurodegenerative disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5673. [PMID: 33707598 PMCID: PMC7952562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential adverse impact of inhalational anesthetics on the developing brain was highlighted by the addition of a medication warning by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for their use in the pediatric population. To investigate mechanisms by which early life anesthesia exposure could induce long-term neuronal dysfunction, we exposed rats to 1 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane at 7 days of life. The animals were raised normally until adulthood (P300) prior to sacrifice and analysis of cortical tissue structure (TEM), mitochondrial quality control and biogenesis pathways (Western blot, ELISA, ADP/ATP content), and markers of oxidative stress, proteotoxicity and inflammation (Western blot, ELISA). We found that early life anesthesia exposure led to adverse changes in mitochondrial quality maintenance pathways, autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Although there was an escalation of oxidative stress markers and an increase in the nuclear localization of stress-related transcription factors, cellular redox compensatory responses were blunted, and oxidative phosphorylation was reduced. We found upregulation of mitochondrial stress and proteotoxicity markers, but a significant reduction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response end-effectors, contributing to an increase in inflammation. Contrary to acute exposure, we did not find an increase in apoptosis. Our findings suggest that a limited, early exposure to anesthesia may produce lasting cellular dysfunction through the induction of a sustained energy deficient state, resulting in persistent neuroinflammation and altered proteostasis/toxicity, mimicking aspects of chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley Hogarth
- Division of Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ramesh Babu Vanama
- Division of Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Greg Stratmann
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Division of Molecular Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Nie PY, Tong L, Li MD, Fu CH, Peng JB, Ji LL. miR-142 downregulation alleviates rat PTSD-like behaviors, reduces the level of inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis in hippocampus, and upregulates the expression of fragile X mental retardation protein. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 33407653 PMCID: PMC7788709 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FMRP is a selective mRNA-binding protein that regulates protein synthesis at synapses, and its loss may lead to the impairment of trace fear memory. Previously, we found that FMRP levels in the hippocampus of rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were decreased. However, the mechanism underlying these changes remains unclear. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental groups were treated with the single-prolonged stress (SPS) procedure and injected with a lentivirus-mediated inhibitor of miR-142-5p. Behavior test as well as morphology and molecular biology experiments were performed to detect the effect of miR-142 downregulation on PTSD, which was further verified by in vitro experiments. Results We found that silence of miRNA-142 (miR-142), an upstream regulator of FMRP, could alleviate PTSD-like behaviors of rats exposed to the SPS paradigm. MiR-142 silence not only decreased the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, but also increased the expressive levels of synaptic proteins including PSD95 and synapsin I in the hippocampus, which was one of the key brain regions associated with PTSD. We further detected that miR-142 silence also downregulated the transportation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) into the nuclei of neurons and might further affect the morphology of neurons. Conclusions The results revealed miR-142 downregulation could alleviate PTSD-like behaviors through attenuating neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of SPS rats by binding to FMRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yin Nie
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Da Li
- Department of 1st Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-Hai Fu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Bo Peng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Neag MA, Mitre AO, Catinean A, Mitre CI. An Overview on the Mechanisms of Neuroprotection and Neurotoxicity of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in Experimental Studies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:281-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthetics influence mitochondrial homeostasis, placing individuals with mitochondrial disorders and possibly carriers of recessive mitochondrial mutations at increased risk of perioperative complications. In Drosophila, mutations in the ND23 subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain-analogous to mammalian NDUFS8-replicate key characteristics of Leigh syndrome, an inherited mitochondrial disorder. The authors used the ND23 mutant for testing the hypothesis that anesthetics have toxic potential in carriers of mitochondrial mutations. METHODS The authors exposed wild-type flies and ND23 mutant flies to behaviorally equivalent doses of isoflurane or sevoflurane in 5%, 21%, or 75% oxygen. The authors used percent mortality (mean ± SD, n ≥ 3) at 24 h after exposure as a readout of toxicity and changes in gene expression to investigate toxicity mechanisms. RESULTS Exposure of 10- to 13-day-old male ND23 flies to isoflurane in 5%, 21%, or 75% oxygen resulted in 16.0 ± 14.9% (n = 10), 48.2 ± 16.1% (n = 9), and 99.2 ± 2.0% (n = 10) mortality, respectively. Comparable mortality was observed in females. In contrast, under the same conditions, mortality was less than 5% for all male and female groups exposed to sevoflurane, except 10- to 13-day-old male ND23 flies with 9.6 ± 8.9% (n = 16) mortality. The mortality of 10- to 13-day-old ND23 flies exposed to isoflurane was rescued by neuron- or glia-specific expression of wild-type ND23. Isoflurane and sevoflurane differentially affected expression of antioxidant genes in 10- to 13-day-old ND23 flies. ND23 flies had elevated mortality from paraquat-induced oxidative stress compared with wild-type flies. The mortality of heterozygous ND23 flies exposed to isoflurane in 75% oxygen increased with age, resulting in 54.0 ± 19.6% (n = 4) mortality at 33 to 39 days old, and the percent mortality varied in different genetic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the mitochondrial complex I subunit ND23 increase susceptibility to isoflurane-induced toxicity and to oxidative stress in Drosophila. Asymptomatic flies that carry ND23 mutations are sensitized to hyperoxic isoflurane toxicity by age and genetic background. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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13
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Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:169-177. [PMID: 33074169 PMCID: PMC7968496 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production overwhelms cell protection by antioxidants. This review is focused on general anaesthesia-induced oxidative stress because it increases the rate of complications and delays recovery after surgery. It is important to know what effects of anaesthetics to expect in terms of oxidative stress, particularly in surgical procedures with high ROS production, because their either additive or antagonistic effect may be pivotal for the outcome of surgery. In vitro and animal studies on this topic are numerous but show large variability. There are not many human studies and what we know has been learned from different surgical procedures measuring different endpoints in blood samples taken mostly before and after surgery. In these studies most intravenous anaesthetics have antioxidative properties, while volatile anaesthetics temporarily increase oxidative stress in longer surgical procedures.
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14
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Li C, Geng H, Ji L, Ma X, Yin Q, Xiong H. ESM-1: A Novel Tumor Biomaker and its Research Advances. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1687-1694. [PMID: 31284875 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190705151542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cancer kills nearly 9,000,000 people worldwide, and its mortality was reported up to 28% in the past decade. Few available tumor markers have been known to help early stage diagnosis. In this study, Endocan was taken as a novel tumor marker, which has been found in many cancers related to cancer cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, etc.Methods:Studies on Endocan and its correlation with cancer were reviewed, and key points of meaningful studies on the structure, pathways and targeted agents of Endocan were drawn.Results:Endocan leads to tumorigenesis and promotes tumor cells proliferation via HGF/SF signal transmission pathway, suppresses tumor cells apoptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway and promotes angiogenesis within tumors via VEGF and HIF pathway. Medicine suppressing the expression of Endocan could prevent tumorigenesis and even improve survival rate of mice with tumor significantly.Conclusion:Endocan is capable of promoting prognosis of cancer patients. Moreover, Endocan is supposed to a potential target of tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Qinghai University Graduate School, Xining, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linhua Ji
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qichao Yin
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Haematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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15
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Johnson SC, Pan A, Li L, Sedensky M, Morgan P. Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: Mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 71:22-31. [PMID: 30472095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are widely used in human medicine and generally considered to be safe in healthy individuals. In recent years, the safety of volatile anesthesia in pediatric patients has been questioned following reports of anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in pre-clinical studies. These studies in mice, rats, and primates have demonstrated that exposure to anesthetic agents during early post-natal periods can cause acute neurotoxicity, as well as later-life cognitive defects including deficits in learning and memory. In recent years, the focus of many pre-clinical studies has been on identifying candidate pathways or potential therapeutic targets through intervention trials. These reports have shed light on the mechanisms underlying anesthesia induced neurotoxicity as well as highlighting the challenges of pre-clinical modeling of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice. Here, we summarize the data derived from intervention studies in neonatal mouse models of anesthetic exposure and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to mediate anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice based on these reports. The majority of these studies implicate one of three mechanisms: reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated stress and signaling, growth/nutrient signaling, or direct neuronal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Amanda Pan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Philip Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Wang Z, Meng S, Cao L, Chen Y, Zuo Z, Peng S. Critical role of NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway in age-dependent isoflurane-induced microglial inflammatory response and cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:109. [PMID: 29665808 PMCID: PMC5904978 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly patients are more likely to suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after surgery and anesthesia. Except for declined organ function, the particular pathogenesis of POCD in elderly patients remains unknown. This study is carried out to determine the critical role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 pathway in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Methods Young (6–8 months old) and aged (14 months old) healthy male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 2 h. Some mice received intraperitoneal injection of Ac-YVAD-cmk (8 mg/kg), a specific inhibitor of caspase-1, 30 min before the isoflurane exposure. Morris water maze test was carried out 1 week after the isoflurane anesthesia. Brain tissues were harvested 24 h after the isoflurane anesthesia. Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of NLRP3, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in the hippocampus. Mouse microglial cell line BV-2 and primary microglial cultures were primed by lipopolysaccharide for 30 min before being exposed to isoflurane. NLRP3 was downregulated by RNA interference. Results Compared to young mice, aged mice had an increased expression of NLRP3 in the hippocampus. Isoflurane induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal inflammation in aged mice but not in young mice. These effects were attenuated by Ac-YVAD-cmk pretreatment (P < 0.05). Isoflurane activated NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway and increased the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1β in cells pretreated with lipopolysaccharide but not in cells without pretreatment. Downregulation of NLRP3 attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by isoflurane. Conclusions NLRP3 priming status in aged mouse brain may be involved in isoflurane-induced hippocampal inflammation and cognitive impairment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1137-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China. .,Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Shuling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510289, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Cao Y, Li Z, Ma L, Ni C, Li L, Yang N, Shi C, Guo X. Isoflurane‑induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction is mediated by hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α‑dependent neuroinflammation in aged rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7730-7736. [PMID: 29620198 PMCID: PMC5983961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients are at high risk of developing postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after prolonged exposure to inhaled anesthetics. However, the pathogenesis of POCD remains unknown. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is activated by inhaled anesthetics. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of HIF-1α in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive impairment. Following a 4-h exposure to 1.5% isoflurane in 20-month-old rats, increased expression of HIF-1α protein, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and increased expression of TNF-1α were observed in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with the control group. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α activation by 5-[1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-2-furanmethanol (YC-1) markedly suppressed the enhanced expression of HIF-1α, disrupted NF-κB signaling pathway activity and inhibited the isoflurane-induced increase of TNF-1α expression. YC-1 pretreatment also significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits according to the results of the Morris water maze task. These results suggest that hippocampal HIF-1α appears to be involved in an upstream mechanism of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. Further research is warranted to fully clarify the pathogenesis and investigate HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lunxu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chengmei Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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18
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Chen C, Shin JH, Eggold JT, Chung MK, Zhang LH, Lee J, Sunwoo JB. ESM1 mediates NGFR-induced invasion and metastasis in murine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70738-70749. [PMID: 27683113 PMCID: PMC5342586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive and metastatic malignancy. The nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) has been observed to be expressed on a subset of cells in OSCC, and NGFR+ cells have greater tumor-initiating capacity in vivo. Further, inhibition of NGFR reduces tumor growth, indicating a functional role of this receptor; however, the mechanisms by which NGFR confers enhanced tumor formation are not known. Here, we used an established murine model of OSCC and gene expression array analysis to identify ESM1 as a downstream target gene of NGFR, critical for tumor invasion and metastasis. ESM1 encodes a protein called endocan, which has the property of regulating proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion of different cell types. Incubation of NGFR+ murine OSCC cells with nerve growth factor resulted in increased expression of ESM1. Importantly, ESM1 overexpression conferred an enhanced migratory, invasive, and metastatic phenotype, similar to what has been correlated with NGFR expression. Conversely, shRNA knockdown of ESM1 in NGFR overexpressing OSCC cells abrogated the tumor growth kinetics and the invasive and metastatic properties associated with NGFR. Together, our data indicate that NGFR plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of OSCC via regulation of ESM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, P.R. China
| | - June Ho Shin
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua T Eggold
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Man Ki Chung
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan, Korea
| | - Luhua H Zhang
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy Lee
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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19
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Persistent isoflurane-induced hypotension causes hippocampal neuronal damage in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Anesth 2018; 32:182-188. [PMID: 29372413 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is likely to occur in elderly people, who often suffer from cerebral hypoperfusion and white matter lesions even in the absence of cerebral infarctions. METHODS Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the cerebral normoperfusion + normotension group (n = 8), cerebral normoperfusion + hypotension group (n = 8), chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) + normotension group (n = 8), and CCH + hypotension group (n = 8). A rat model of CCH was developed via the permanent ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries, but ligation was avoided in the cerebral normoperfusion groups. Two weeks later, the rats were intubated and mechanically ventilated under isoflurane anesthesia, and their mean arterial blood pressure was maintained over 80 mmHg (normotension) or below 60 mmHg (hypotension) for 2 h. After preparing brain slices, histological cresyl violet staining, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, a marker of microglial activation, or β amyloid precursor protein, a marker of axonal damage, were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION CCH per se caused microglial activation and axonal damage, which was not accentuated by hypotension. CCH alone did not cause neuronal damage, but CCH combined with hypotension caused significant neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region. These results suggest that persistent hypotension during general anesthesia might cause neuronal damage in patients with CCH, such as elderly people, and contribute to prevention against POCD.
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20
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Propofol, but not ketamine or midazolam, exerts neuroprotection after ischaemic injury by inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell signalling: A combined in vitro and animal study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 33:670-80. [PMID: 26981881 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol, midazolam and ketamine are widely used in today's anaesthesia practice. Both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects have been attributed to all three agents. OBJECTIVE To establish whether propofol, midazolam and ketamine in the same neuronal injury model exert neuroprotective effects on injured neurones in vitro and in vivo by modulation of the Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR-4-NF-κB) pathway. DESIGN AND SETTING Cell-based laboratory (n = 6 repetitions per experiment) and animal (n = 6 per group) studies using a neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y cells) and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation before or after treatment using escalating, clinically relevant doses of propofol, midazolam and ketamine. In animals, retinal ischaemia (60 min) was induced followed by reperfusion and randomised treatment with saline or propofol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neuronal cell death was determined using flow-cytometry (mitochondrial membrane potential) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Nuclear factor NF-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α-activity were analysed by DNA-binding ELISA, expression of NF-κB-dependent genes and TLR-4 by luciferase-assay and flow-cytometry, respectively. In animals, retinal ganglion cell density, caspase-3 activation and gene expression (TLR-4, NF-κB) were used to determine in vivo effects of propofol. Results were compared using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and t test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Post-treatment with clinically relevant concentrations of propofol (1 to 10 μg ml) preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential in oxygen-glucose deprivation-injured cells by 54% and reduced LDH release by 21%. Propofol diminished TLR-4 surface expression and preserved the DNA-binding activity of the protective hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α transcription factor. DNA-binding and transcriptional NF-κB-activity were inhibited by propofol. Neuronal protection and inhibition of TLR-4-NF-κB signalling were not consistently seen with midazolam or ketamine. In vivo, propofol treatment preserved rat retinal ganglion cell densities (cells mm, saline 1504 ± 251 vs propofol 2088 ± 144, P = 0.0001), which was accompanied by reduced neuronal caspase-3, TLR-4 and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSION Propofol, but neither midazolam nor ketamine, provides neuroprotection to injured neuronal cells via inhibition of TLR-4-NF-κB-dependent signalling.
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21
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Zhao H, Bu M, Li B, Zhang Y. Lipoic acid inhibited desflurane-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through Caspase3 and NF-KappaB dependent pathway. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:37-42. [PMID: 29429516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Desfluraneis a widely-used general anesthetics. However, recent reports showed its significant side effect in the nervous system. Desflurane could lead to the neuronal death and affect the working memory. Unfortunately, the mechanism underlying the action of desflurane is still not clear and there is still no potent medicine to prevent the lesion in the central nervous system caused by general anesthetics. In this study, we found α-lipoic acid, an antioxidant exerting protective effect on multiple cells tissues, could resist the neurotoxicity caused by desflurane exposure. Lipoic acid possessed strong anti-apoptotic effect on the desflurane-treated hippocampal neurons, which was mediated by the Caspase-3 dependent pathway and NF-kappaB signaling. Collectively, we found a promising candidate to be clinically applied in intervention against the damage in nervous system by the desflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Galactophore Department, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meimei Bu
- Anesthesia Department, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Binglu Li
- Pharmacy Department, The Infectious Diseases Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Galactophore Department, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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22
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Kang F, Tang C, Han M, Chai X, Huang X, Li J. Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Isoflurane versus Isoflurane Anesthesia on Brain Injury After Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 32:1581-1586. [PMID: 29277297 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare dexmedetomidine combined with isoflurane versus isoflurane anesthesia on brain injury after cardiac surgery. DESIGN A prospective, randomized, single-blind study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients undergoing elective valve replacement surgery. INTERVENTIONS Ninety-seven patients scheduled for valve replacement surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: dexmedetomidine and isoflurane (Dex-Iso, n = 50) and isoflurane alone (Iso, n = 47). Dexemedetomidine was infused at 0.6 μg/kg as a bolus, followed with 0.2 μg/kg/h until the end of surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Jugular blood samples were drawn for analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels on time points of: T1 (before induction); T2 (5 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] onset); T3 (after CPB off); T4 (the first day after operation); T5 (the second day after operation). Plasma lactate levels in arterial and jugular venous blood also were quantified. The difference between arterial and jugular bulb venous blood lactate levels (AVDL) was calculated. An antisaccadic eye movement (ASEM) test was carried out on the day before the operation and the seventh day postoperatively. In both groups, serum MMP-9 and GFAP concentrations increased after CPB, with the peak values occurring after CPB. At time point T5, MMP-9 and GFAP levels were close to those at T1. MMP-9 concentrations in the Dex-Iso group were lower than the Iso group at T3 and T4. GFAP concentrations in the Dex-Iso group were lower at T3 but were higher than the Iso group at T2. No significant differences were found in AVDL between the 2 groups perioperatively except at T2. The ASEM scores decreased significantly postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the ASEM scores between the 2 treatment groups before and after the operation. CONCLUSIONS The use of dexmedetomidine decreased the biochemical markers of brain injury but did not improve the neuropsychological test result after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - ChaoLiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - MingMing Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - XiaoQing Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China.
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23
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Yang X, Yang S, Hong C, Yu W, Guonian W. Panax Notoginseng Saponins attenuates sevoflurane‑induced nerve cell injury by modulating AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7829-7834. [PMID: 28944861 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia in patients with or at risk for neuronal injury remains challenging due to the neurotoxic effects of volatile anesthetics. One inhalation anesthetic, sevoflurane, induces neuronal damage, including neuroapoptosis, and learning and memory impairment. Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) is the active ingredient of Sanqui and has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects. In the current study, the protective effect of PNS on sevoflurane‑induced nerve cell injury was explored. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in a dose‑dependent manner following stimulation with sevoflurane. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and the protein expression of caspase‑3, caspase‑9 and Bax were significantly increased, while the expression of Bcl‑2 was decreased in the sevoflurane group compared with normal control. Furthermore, the protein level of Bace‑1, APP and Aβ were elevated in the sevoflurane group compared with the control group. By contrast, PNS treatment significantly reduced the neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane. Additionally, sevoflurane reduced activation of the AKT signaling pathway, which was activated by PNS treatment. In conclusion, the results suggested that PNS attenuates sevoflurane‑induced neurotoxicity through by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. These effects were mediated, at least in part, by activating the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Sun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Wang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Wang Guonian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Molecular Mechanisms of Anesthetic Neurotoxicity: A Review of the Current Literature. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2017; 28:361-372. [PMID: 27564556 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Data from epidemiologic studies and animal models have raised a concern that exposure to anesthetic agents during early postnatal life may cause lasting impairments in cognitive function. It is hypothesized that this is due to disruptions in brain development, but the mechanism underlying this toxic effect remains unknown. Ongoing research, particularly in rodents, has begun to address this question. In this review we examine currently postulated molecular mechanisms of anesthetic toxicity in the developing brain, including effects on cell death pathways, growth factor signaling systems, NMDA and GABA receptors, mitochondria, and epigenetic factors. The level of evidence for each putative mechanism is critically evaluated, and we attempt to draw connections between them where it is possible to do so. Although there are many promising avenues of research, at this time no consensus can be reached as to a definitive mechanism of injury.
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25
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Schilling J, Kassan A, Mandyam C, Pearn M, Voong A, Grogman G, Risbrough V, Niesman I, Patel H, Patel P, Head B. Inhibition of p75 neurotrophin receptor does not rescue cognitive impairment in adulthood after isoflurane exposure in neonatal mice. Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:465-471. [PMID: 28969308 PMCID: PMC6172965 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane is widely used for anaesthesia in humans. Isoflurane exposure of rodents prior to post-natal day 7 (PND7) leads to widespread neurodegeneration in laboratory animals. Previous data from our laboratory suggest an attenuation of apoptosis with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) inhibitor TAT-Pep5. We hypothesized that isoflurane toxicity leads to behavioural and cognitive abnormalities and can be rescued with pre-anaesthesia administration of TAT-Pep5. METHODS Neonatal mouse pups were pretreated with either TAT-Pep5 (25 μl, 10 μM i.p.) or a scrambled control peptide (TAT-ctrl; 25 μl, 10 μM i.p.) prior to isoflurane exposure (1.4%; 4 h) or control ( n = 15-26/group). Three to 5 months after exposure, behavioural testing and endpoint assays [brain volume (stereology) and immunoblotting] were performed. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in open field, T-maze, balance beam or wire-hanging testing. The Barnes maze revealed a significant effect of isoflurane ( P = 0.019) in errors to find the escape tunnel during the day 5 probe trial, a finding indicative of impaired short-term spatial memory. No difference was found for brain volumes or protein expression. TAT-Pep5 treatment did not reverse the effects of isoflurane on neurocognitive behaviour. CONCLUSION A single isoflurane exposure to early post-natal mice caused a hippocampal-dependent memory deficit that was not prevented by pre-administration of TAT-Pep5, although TAT-Pep5, an inhibitor of p75NTR, has been shown to reduce isoflurane-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that neuronal apoptosis is not requisite for the development of cognitive deficits in the adults attendant with neonatal anaesthetic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Schilling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A. Kassan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - C. Mandyam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M.L. Pearn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A. Voong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - G.G. Grogman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V.B. Risbrough
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I.R. Niesman
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine—Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H.H. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - P.M. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - B.P. Head
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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26
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Argon attenuates the emergence of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury within a 2-hour incubation period compared to desflurane: an in vitro study. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:93-100. [PMID: 28744361 PMCID: PMC5510299 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.208512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of research, treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains challenging. Considerable data exists that some volatile anesthetics might be neuroprotective. However, several studies have also revealed a rather neurotoxic profile of anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of argon 50%, desflurane 6% and their combination in an in vitro TBI model with incubation times similar to narcotic time slots in a daily clinical routine. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices of 5- to 7-day-old mice were cultivated for 14 days before TBI was performed. Slices were eventually incubated for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing no anesthetic gas, argon 50% or desflurane 6% or both. Trauma intensity was evaluated via fluorescent imagery. Our results show that neither argon 50% nor desflurane 6% nor their combination could significantly reduce the trauma intensity in comparison to the standard atmosphere. However, in comparison to desflurane 6%, argon 50% displayed a rather neuroprotective profile within the first 2 hours after a focal mechanical trauma (P = 0.015). A 2-hour incubation in an atmosphere containing both gases, argon 50% and desflurane 6%, did not result in significant effects in comparison to the argon 50% group or the desflurane 6% group. Our findings demonstrate that within a 2-hour incubation time neither argon nor desflurane could affect propidium iodide-detectable cell death in an in vitro TBI model in comparison to the standard atmosphere, although cell death was less with argon 50% than with desflurane 6%. The results show that within this short time period processes concerning the development of secondary injury are already taking place and may be manipulated by argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Wuerselen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Berkowitz BA, Lenning J, Khetarpal N, Tran C, Wu JY, Berri AM, Dernay K, Haacke EM, Shafie-Khorassani F, Podolsky RH, Gant JC, Maimaiti S, Thibault O, Murphy GG, Bennett BM, Roberts R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome. FASEB J 2017; 31:4179-4186. [PMID: 28592637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700229r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampus oxidative stress is considered pathogenic in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), and in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Angelman syndrome (AS). Yet clinical benefits of antioxidant treatment for these diseases remain unclear because conventional imaging methods are unable to guide management of therapies in specific hippocampus subfields in vivo that underlie abnormal behavior. Excessive production of paramagnetic free radicals in nonhippocampus brain tissue can be measured in vivo as a greater-than-normal 1/T1 that is quenchable with antioxidant as measured by quench-assisted (Quest) MRI. Here, we further test this approach in phantoms, and we present proof-of-concept data in models of AD-like and AS hippocampus oxidative stress that also exhibit impaired spatial learning and memory. AD-like models showed an abnormal gradient along the CA1 dorsal-ventral axis of excessive free radical production as measured by Quest MRI, and redox-sensitive calcium dysregulation as measured by manganese-enhanced MRI and electrophysiology. In the AS model, abnormally high free radical levels were observed in dorsal and ventral CA1. Quest MRI is a promising in vivo paradigm for bridging brain subfield oxidative stress and behavior in animal models and in human patients to better manage antioxidant therapy in devastating neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.-Berkowitz, B. A., Lenning, J., Khetarpal, N., Tran, C., Wu, J. Y., Berri, A. M., Dernay, K., Haacke, E. M., Shafie-Khorassani, F., Podolsky, R. H., Gant, J. C., Maimaiti, S., Thibault, O., Murphy, G. G., Bennett, B. M., Roberts, R. In vivo imaging of prodromal hippocampus CA1 subfield oxidative stress in models of Alzheimer disease and Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; .,Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacob Lenning
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nikita Khetarpal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Johnny Y Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ali M Berri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin Dernay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fatema Shafie-Khorassani
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John C Gant
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shaniya Maimaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Molecular Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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28
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Fang SY, Lee JS, Roan JN, Tsai YC, Lam CF. Isoflurane Impairs Motor Function Recovery by Increasing Neuroapoptosis and Degeneration During Spinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:254-261. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Hurmath FK, Mittal M, Ramaswamy P, Umamaheswara Rao GS, Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah N. Sevoflurane and thiopental preconditioning attenuates the migration and activity of MMP-2 in U87MG glioma cells. Neurochem Int 2016; 94:32-8. [PMID: 26875426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell migration and diffuse infiltration into brain parenchyma are known causes of recurrence after treatment in glioblastoma (GBM), mediated in part by the interaction of glioma cells with the extracellular matrix, followed by degradation of matrix by tumor cell derived proteases, particularly the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Sevoflurane and thiopental are anesthetics commonly used in cancer surgery. However, their effect on the progression of glioma cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of these anesthetics on the migration and activity of MMP-2 in glioma cells. METHODOLOGY Cultured U87MG cells were pretreated with sevoflurane or thiopental and in vitro wound healing scratch assay was carried out to analyze their effect on migration of these cells. Gelatin zymography was carried out to examine the effect of these anesthetics on tumor cell MMP-2 activity using the conditioned media 24 h after pretreatment. Cell viability was analyzed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS U87MG cells exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane or different concentrations of thiopental significantly decreased migration and activity of MMP-2 compared to control. No effect was seen on the viability of these cells after pretreatment with sevoflurane or thiopental. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that both sevoflurane and thiopental have inhibitory effect on the migration and MMP-2 activity in glioma cells. Thus, it is important that the choice of anesthetics to be used during glioma surgery takes into account their inhibitory properties against the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Kamaluddin Hurmath
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Mohit Mittal
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Palaniswamy Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - G S Umamaheswara Rao
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, India
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Impact of Volatile Anesthetics on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:242709. [PMID: 26101769 PMCID: PMC4458520 DOI: 10.1155/2015/242709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The safety of anesthesia, which is an important step for surgery, can be determined by its impact on oxidative stress and inflammation. The effects of volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane on oxidative stress and inflammation are reviewed in various (1) cell lines, (2) rodents, and (3) human studies. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in all cells with exception of neuronal cell lines. In addition, various animal studies have indicated that isoflurane and sevoflurane were not only safe but also reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in rodent models. In human studies, oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage were not affected by isoflurane and sevoflurane in patients undergoing minor incision surgeries. On the other hand, elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage have been observed in patients undergoing major surgeries such as abdominal and orthopedic surgeries, hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, and thoracotomy. Although impact of anesthetics on oxidative stress and inflammation is still not clear due to the variations of patients' health conditions, types of surgery and the quantities of anesthetics, isoflurane, and sevoflurane can be considered safe anesthetics with respect to their effect on oxidative stress and inflammation in subjects undergoing minor surgery. Continuous effort evaluating the safety of anesthesia in various aspects is required.
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31
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Ulbrich F, Kaufmann KB, Coburn M, Lagrèze WA, Roesslein M, Biermann J, Buerkle H, Loop T, Goebel U. Neuroprotective effects of Argon are mediated via an ERK-1/2 dependent regulation of heme-oxygenase-1 in retinal ganglion cells. J Neurochem 2015; 134:717-27. [PMID: 25876941 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries (R-IRI) damage neuronal tissue permanently. Recently, we demonstrated that Argon exerts anti-apoptotic and protective properties. The molecular mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that Argon inhalation exert neuroprotective effects in rats retinal ganglion cells (RGC) via an ERK-1/2 dependent regulation of heat-shock proteins. Inhalation of Argon (75 Vol%) was performed after R-IRI on the rats' left eyes for 1 h immediately or with delay. Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 h to analyze mRNA and protein expression of heat-shock proteins -70, -90 and heme-oxygenase-1, mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, ERK-1/2) and histological changes. To analyze ERK dependent effects, the ERK inhibitor PD98059 was applicated prior to Argon inhalation. RGC count was analyzed 7 days after injury. Statistics were performed using anova. Argon significantly reduced the R-IRI-affected heat-shock protein expression (p < 0.05). While Argon significantly induced ERK-1/2 expression (p < 0.001), inhibition of ERK-1/2 before Argon inhalation resulted in significantly lower vital RGCs (p < 0.01) and increase in heme-oxygenase-1 (p < 0.05). R-IRI-induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon inhalation (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry suggested ERK-1/2 activation in Müller cells. We conclude, that Argon treatment protects R-IRI-induced apoptotic loss of RGC via an ERK-1/2 dependent regulation of heme-oxygenase-1. We proposed the following possible mechanism for Argon-mediated neuroprotection: Argon exerts its protective effects via an induction of an ERK with subsequent suppression of the heat shock response. In conclusion, ischemia and reperfusion injuries and subsequent neuronal apoptosis are attenuated. These novel findings may open up new opportunities for Argon as a therapeutic option, especially since Argon is not toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ulbrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai B Kaufmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Roesslein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Biermann
- Eye Center, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Loop
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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