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Hanaford AR, Khanna A, James K, Truong V, Liao R, Chen Y, Mulholland M, Kayser EB, Watanabe K, Hsieh ES, Sedensky M, Morgan PG, Kalia V, Sarkar S, Johnson SC. Interferon-gamma contributes to disease progression in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12977. [PMID: 38680020 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Leigh syndrome (LS), the most common paediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial dysfunction, is a multi-system disorder characterised by severe neurologic and metabolic abnormalities. Symmetric, bilateral, progressive necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are defining features of the disease. Patients are often symptom free in early life but typically develop symptoms by about 2 years of age. The mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression in LS remain obscure. Recent studies have shown that the immune system causally drives disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) mouse model of LS: treatment of Ndufs4(-/-) mice with the macrophage-depleting Csf1r inhibitor pexidartinib prevents disease. While the precise mechanisms leading to immune activation and immune factors involved in disease progression have not yet been determined, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) were found to be significantly elevated in Ndufs4(-/-) brainstem, implicating these factors in disease. Here, we aimed to explore the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS. METHODS To establish the role of IFNγ and IP10 in LS, we generated IFNγ and IP10 deficient Ndufs4(-/-)/Ifng(-/-) and Ndufs4(-/-)/IP10(-/-) double knockout animals, as well as IFNγ and IP10 heterozygous, Ndufs4(-/-)/Ifng(+/-) and Ndufs4(-/-)/IP10(+/-), animals. We monitored disease onset and progression to define the impact of heterozygous or homozygous loss of IFNγ and IP10 in LS. RESULTS Loss of IP10 does not significantly impact the onset or progression of disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model. IFNγ loss significantly extends survival and delays disease progression in a gene dosage-dependent manner, though the benefits are modest compared to Csf1r inhibition. CONCLUSIONS IFNγ contributes to disease onset and progression in LS. Our findings suggest that IFNγ targeting therapies may provide some benefits in genetic mitochondrial disease, but targeting IFNγ alone would likely yield only modest benefits in LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Asheema Khanna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vivian Truong
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Liao
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ernst-Bernhard Kayser
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kino Watanabe
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Shien Hsieh
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hanaford AR, Khanna A, Truong V, James K, Chen Y, Mulholland M, Kayser B, Liao RW, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Andrew Baertsch N, Kalia V, Sarkar S, Johnson SC. Peripheral macrophages drive CNS disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13192. [PMID: 37552802 PMCID: PMC10580015 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, or Leigh syndrome (LS), is the most common pediatric presentation of genetic mitochondrial disease. LS is a multi-system disorder with severe neurologic, metabolic, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The presence of progressive, symmetric, and necrotizing lesions in the brainstem are a defining feature of the disease, and the major cause of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis have been elusive. Recently, we demonstrated that high-dose pexidartinib, a CSF1R inhibitor, prevents LS CNS lesions and systemic disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) mouse model of LS. While the dose-response in this study implicated peripheral immune cells, the immune populations involved have not yet been elucidated. Here, we used a targeted genetic tool, deletion of the colony-stimulating Factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) macrophage super-enhancer FIRE (Csf1rΔFIRE), to specifically deplete microglia and define the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of LS. Homozygosity for the Csf1rΔFIRE allele ablates microglia in both control and Ndufs4(-/-) animals, but onset of CNS lesions and sequalae in the Ndufs4(-/-), including mortality, are only marginally impacted by microglia depletion. The overall development of necrotizing CNS lesions is not altered, though microglia remain absent. Finally, histologic analysis of brainstem lesions provides direct evidence of a causal role for peripheral macrophages in the characteristic CNS lesions. These data demonstrate that peripheral macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of disease in the Ndufs4(-/-) model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Asheema Khanna
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vivian Truong
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Bernhard Kayser
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ryan W. Liao
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nathan Andrew Baertsch
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Vandana Kalia
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Simon C. Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain ResearchSeattle Children's Research InstituteSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational BioscienceNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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3
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Spencer KA, Mulholland M, Snell J, Howe M, James K, Hanaford AR, Morgan PG, Sedensky M, Johnson SC. Volatile anaesthetic toxicity in the genetic mitochondrial disease Leigh syndrome. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:832-846. [PMID: 37770252 PMCID: PMC10636522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anaesthetics are widely used in human medicine. Although generally safe, hypersensitivity and toxicity can occur in rare cases, such as in certain genetic disorders. Anaesthesia hypersensitivity is well-documented in a subset of mitochondrial diseases, but whether volatile anaesthetics are toxic in this setting has not been explored. METHODS We exposed Ndufs4(-/-) mice, a model of Leigh syndrome, to isoflurane (0.2-0.6%), oxygen 100%, or air. Cardiorespiratory function, weight, blood metabolites, and survival were assessed. We exposed post-symptom onset and pre-symptom onset animals and animals treated with the macrophage depleting drug PLX3397/pexidartinib to define the role of overt neuroinflammation in volatile anaesthetic toxicities. RESULTS Isoflurane induced hyperlactataemia, weight loss, and mortality in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner from 0.2% to 0.6% compared with carrier gas (O2 100%) or mock (air) exposures (lifespan after 30-min exposures ∗P<0.05 for isoflurane 0.4% vs air or vs O2, ∗∗P<0.005 for isoflurane 0.6% vs air or O2; 60-min exposures ∗∗P<0.005 for isoflurane 0.2% vs air, ∗P<0.05 for isoflurane 0.2% vs O2). Isoflurane toxicity was significantly reduced in Ndufs4(-/-) exposed before CNS disease onset, and the macrophage depleting drug pexidartinib attenuated sequelae of isoflurane toxicity (survival ∗∗∗P=0.0008 isoflurane 0.4% vs pexidartinib plus isoflurane 0.4%). Finally, the laboratory animal standard of care of 100% O2 as a carrier gas contributed significantly to weight loss and reduced survival, but not to metabolic changes, and increased acute mortality. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane is toxic in the Ndufs4(-/-) model of Leigh syndrome. Toxic effects are dependent on the status of underlying neurologic disease, largely prevented by the CSF1R inhibitor pexidartinib, and influenced by oxygen concentration in the carrier gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A Spencer
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Mulholland
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - John Snell
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda Howe
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katerina James
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Allison R Hanaford
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip G Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Bornstein R, Mulholland MT, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Johnson SC. Glutamine metabolism in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103887. [PMID: 37586651 PMCID: PMC10773532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved in glutamine catabolism, anabolism, and glutamine-glutamate cycling. In recent years, altered glutamine metabolism has been found to play important roles in the pathologic consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. Glutamine is a pleiotropic molecule, not only providing an alternate carbon source to glucose in certain conditions, but also playing unique roles in cellular communication in neurons and astrocytes. Glutamine consumption and catabolic flux can be significantly altered in settings of genetic mitochondrial defects or exposure to mitochondrial toxins, and alterations to glutamine metabolism appears to play a particularly significant role in neurodegenerative diseases. These include primary mitochondrial diseases like Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) and MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy with encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes), as well as complex age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pharmacologic interventions targeting glutamine metabolizing and catabolizing pathways appear to provide some benefits in cell and animal models of these diseases, indicating glutamine metabolism may be a clinically relevant target. In this review, we discuss glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial disease, the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on glutamine metabolic processes, glutamine in neurodegeneration, and candidate targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bornstein
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael T Mulholland
- Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Phil Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Applied Sciences, Translational Bioscience, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.
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Sarkar S, Yuzefpolskiy Y, Vegaraju A, Xiao H, Baumann F, Jatav S, Church C, Earnest-bernhart K, Prlic M, Jha A, Nghiem P, Riddell S, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Kalia V. PD-1 Signals are Critical for Homeostatic Maintenance of Memory CD8 T Cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.81.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Inhibitory signaling in dysfunctional CD8 T cells through the PD-1 axis is well established in chronic viral infections and cancers. PD-1 is also transiently induced to high levels during priming of acute infections and immunizations, yet its impact on the development of long-lived antigen-independent T cell memory remains unclear. Here we show that in addition to its expected role in restraining clonal expansion, PD-1 expression on antigen-specific CD8 T cells during priming and activation is critically required for the development of a durable CD8 T cell memory pool after antigen clearance. Loss of T cell-specific PD-1 signaling led to increased contraction and a striking defect in antigen-independent renewal of memory CD8 T cells in response to homeostatic cytokine signals, thus resulting in attrition and near ablation of the memory pool over time. Notably, in the setting of PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy of chronic viral infection, while the exhausted CTLs expectedly regained function, the pre-existing pool of resting functional memory cells established in response to a previously administered vaccine underwent attrition. Metabolically, PD-1 signals were necessary for regulating the critical balance of anabolic glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation programs through mTOR to meet the bioenergetics needs of quiescent memory. These studies define PD-1 as a key metabolic regulator of protective T cell immunity, and have potential clinical implications for pre-existing T cell memory to prior infections and vaccinations during PD-1 checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy in cancer.
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Johnson SC, Pan A, Li L, Sedensky M, Morgan P. Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: Mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 71:22-31. [PMID: 30472095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are widely used in human medicine and generally considered to be safe in healthy individuals. In recent years, the safety of volatile anesthesia in pediatric patients has been questioned following reports of anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in pre-clinical studies. These studies in mice, rats, and primates have demonstrated that exposure to anesthetic agents during early post-natal periods can cause acute neurotoxicity, as well as later-life cognitive defects including deficits in learning and memory. In recent years, the focus of many pre-clinical studies has been on identifying candidate pathways or potential therapeutic targets through intervention trials. These reports have shed light on the mechanisms underlying anesthesia induced neurotoxicity as well as highlighting the challenges of pre-clinical modeling of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice. Here, we summarize the data derived from intervention studies in neonatal mouse models of anesthetic exposure and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to mediate anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice based on these reports. The majority of these studies implicate one of three mechanisms: reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated stress and signaling, growth/nutrient signaling, or direct neuronal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Amanda Pan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Philip Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Delgado C, Ciliberto C, Bollag L, Sedensky M, Landau R. Continuous epidural infusion versus programmed intermittent epidural bolus for labor analgesia: optimal configuration of parameters to reduce physician-administered top-ups. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:649-656. [PMID: 28875709 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1377166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) is a delivery mode associated with decreased local analgesia dosing, motor block, and physician-administered top-ups (PATUs) during labor analgesia. We hypothesized that PIEB delivery at different settings will result in fewer PATUs for labor analgesia than the same hourly volume of a continuous epidural infusion (CEI). METHODS "Before and after" study design of combined spinal-epidural (CSE) for labor, with bupivacaine 0.0625%-fentanyl 2 mcg/ml and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA; 5 ml bolus with 10 min lock-out). The "before" group (N = 120) received a CEI at 10 ml/hour. PIEB groups received a programmed bolus of 10 ml: every 60 min (PIEB60, N = 120), every 45 min (PIEB45, N = 140), or every 45 min with high flow (500 ml/hour) (PIEB45HF, N = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of women requesting a PATU, time intervals from CSE to PATU and to delivery, and obstetric outcomes. RESULTS There was no difference in the proportion of women requesting PATUs between the CEI and PIEB60 groups (45/120 versus 52/120, respectively; p > .05). The PATU rate was lower in the PIEB45 group compared with the PIEB60 and CEI groups (23/140 versus 52/120 and 45/120, p < .005 and p < .05, respectively), and in the PIEB45HF versus PIEB60 groups (5/25 versus 52/120, p < .05). No difference in other outcomes was observed. CONCLUSIONS The number of women requesting a PATU was lowest with the PIEB45 and PIEB45HF settings. There were no differences in any other outcomes between groups. This study emphasizes the many variations in programming that need to be further tested to establish the benefits of PIEB delivery compared with traditional CEI with PCEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Delgado
- a Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine , University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Christopher Ciliberto
- a Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine , University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Laurent Bollag
- a Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine , University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- a Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine , University of Washington Medical Center , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Ruth Landau
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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Delgado C, Kent C, Sedensky M, Ciliberto C, Landau R. Management of labor and delivery in a woman with Morquio syndrome. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 24:383-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic's disease, is an idiopathic severe demyelinating disease that preferentially affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. Neuraxial anesthesia in women with multiple sclerosis is widely accepted, but reports of the use of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with NMO are scarce. We report the case of a morbidly obese primigravida undergoing a planned cesarean delivery at 32 weeks' gestation due to an acute exacerbation of NMO, managed with spinal anesthesia. Other than increased intraoperative hyperalgesia requiring inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen, the mother experienced no apparent anesthetic-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Greene
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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D'Almeida RE, Alberto MR, Morgan P, Sedensky M, Isla MI. Effect of structurally related flavonoids from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. on Caenorhabditis elegans. Acta Parasitol 2014. [PMID: 26204036 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae), commonly called jarilla macho or pus-pus, is being used in traditional medicine as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and to relieve muscle and bone pain. The aim of this work was to study the anthelmintic effects of three structurally related flavonoids present in aerial parts of Z. punctata Cav. The biological activity of the flavonoids 7-hydroxyflavanone (HF), 3,7-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) and 2´,4´-dihydroxychalcone (DHC) was examined in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results showed that among the assayed flavonoids, only DHC showed an anthelmintic effect and alteration of egg hatching and larval development processes in C. elegans. DHC was able to kill 50% of adult nematodes at a concentration of 17 μg/mL. The effect on larval development was observed after 48 h in the presence of 25 and 50 μg/mL DHC, where 33.4 and 73.4% of nematodes remained in the L3 stage or younger. New therapeutic drugs with good efficacy against drug-resistant nematodes are urgently needed. Therefore, DHC, a natural compound present in Z. punctata, is proposed as a potential anthelmintic drug.
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Suthammarak W, Somerlot BH, Opheim E, Sedensky M, Morgan PG. Novel interactions between mitochondrial superoxide dismutases and the electron transport chain. Aging Cell 2013; 12:1132-40. [PMID: 23895727 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes that control aging remain poorly understood. We have exploited mutants in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, that compromise mitochondrial function and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to understand their relation to lifespan. We discovered unanticipated roles and interactions of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutases (mtSODs): SOD-2 and SOD-3. Both SODs localize to mitochondrial supercomplex I:III:IV. Loss of SOD-2 specifically (i) decreases the activities of complexes I and II, complexes III and IV remain normal; (ii) increases the lifespan of animals with a complex I defect, but not the lifespan of animals with a complex II defect, and kills an animal with a complex III defect; (iii) induces a presumed pro-inflammatory response. Knockdown of a molecule that may be a pro-inflammatory mediator very markedly extends lifespan and health of certain mitochondrial mutants. The relationship between the electron transport chain, ROS, and lifespan is complex, and defects in mitochondrial function have specific interactions with ROS scavenging mechanisms. We conclude that mtSODs are embedded within the supercomplex I:III:IV and stabilize or locally protect it from reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. The results call for a change in the usual paradigm for the interaction of electron transport chain function, ROS release, scavenging, and compensatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichit Suthammarak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Center for Developmental Therapeutics; University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
| | | | - Elyce Opheim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Center for Developmental Therapeutics; University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Center for Developmental Therapeutics; University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Genetics; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - Philip G. Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Center for Developmental Therapeutics; University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute; Seattle WA USA
- Department of Genetics; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
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Morgan PG, Kayser EB, Sedensky M. Region specific differences in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria from Ndufs4 knockout mice. Mitochondrion 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qiu C, Hevner K, Abetew D, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Enquobahrie DA, Williams MA. Mitochondrial DNA copy number and oxidative DNA damage in placental tissues from gestational diabetes and control pregnancies: a pilot study. Clin Lab 2013; 59:655-660. [PMID: 23865366 PMCID: PMC4143244 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2012.120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence supports the role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and other pregnancy complications. Abnormal placental mitochondrial function resulting from reactive oxygen species may also be an important precedent of adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS We investigated the association of placental oxidative stress with placental mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, an indicator of placental mitochondrial density and possible mitochondrial dysfunction, using samples collected from GDM cases and controls. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was measured in placentas of 19 GDM cases and 21 controls using a competitive immunoassay. Placental mtDNA copy number was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression procedures were used to evaluate associations of these two biomarkers. RESULTS Placental DNA oxidation was positively associated with mtDNA copy number in both GDM and control placentas. After adjusting for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational age at delivery, mtDNA copy number increased (beta = 67.0; 95% CI 27.8 - 106.2, p = 0.001) for every 0.1 ng/microg increase of placental 8-OHdG among GDM cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS These cross sectional data suggest an association of placental mtDNA copy number with oxidative stress. The consequences of placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction on the course and outcomes of pregnancy remain to be elucidated in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle Washington 98104, USA.
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Chen X, Thorburn DR, Wong LJ, Vladutiu GD, Haas R, Le T, Hoppel C, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Hahn⁎ S. Proficiency testing for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme assays using C. elegans. Mitochondrion 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Suthammarak⁎ W, Morgan P, Sedensky M. When mitochondrial supercomplexes lose integrity: Two wrongs do not quite make a right. Mitochondrion 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kolker E, Higdon R, Morgan P, Sedensky M, Welch D, Bauman A, Stewart E, Haynes W, Broomall W, Kolker N. SPIRE: Systematic protein investigative research environment. J Proteomics 2011; 75:122-6. [PMID: 21609792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The SPIRE (Systematic Protein Investigative Research Environment) provides web-based experiment-specific mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics analysis (https://www.proteinspire.org). Its emphasis is on usability and integration of the best analytic tools. SPIRE provides an easy to use web-interface and generates results in both interactive and simple data formats. In contrast to run-based approaches, SPIRE conducts the analysis based on the experimental design. It employs novel methods to generate false discovery rates and local false discovery rates (FDR, LFDR) and integrates the best and complementary open-source search and data analysis methods. The SPIRE approach of integrating X!Tandem, OMSSA and SpectraST can produce an increase in protein IDs (52-88%) over current combinations of scoring and single search engines while also providing accurate multi-faceted error estimation. One of SPIRE's primary assets is combining the results with data on protein function, pathways and protein expression from model organisms. We demonstrate some of SPIRE's capabilities by analyzing mitochondrial proteins from the wild type and 3 mutants of C. elegans. SPIRE also connects results to publically available proteomics data through its Model Organism Protein Expression Database (MOPED). SPIRE can also provide analysis and annotation for user supplied protein ID and expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kolker
- Bioinformatics & High-throughput Analysis Laboratory, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Vasta V, Sedensky M, Morgan P, Hahn SH. Altered redox status of coenzyme Q9 reflects mitochondrial electron transport chain deficiencies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:136-8. [PMID: 20849980 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are often associated with primary or secondary CoQ10 decrease. In clinical practice, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels are measured to diagnose deficiencies and to direct and monitor supplemental therapy. CoQ10 is reduced by complex I or II and oxidized by complex III in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Therefore, the ratio between the reduced (ubiquinol) and oxidized (ubiquinone) CoQ10 may provide clinically significant information in patients with mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) defects. Here, we exploit mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) with defined defects of the ETC to demonstrate an altered redox ratio in Coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9), the native quinone in these organisms. The percentage of reduced CoQ9 is decreased in complex I (gas-1) and complex II (mev-1) deficient animals, consistent with the diminished activity of these complexes that normally reduce CoQ9. As anticipated, reduced CoQ9 is increased in the complex III deficient mutant (isp-1), since the oxidase activity of the complex is severely defective. These data provide proof of principle of our hypothesis that an altered redox status of CoQ may be present in respiratory complex deficiencies. The assessment of CoQ10 redox status in patients with mitochondrial disorders may be a simple and useful tool to uncover and monitor specific respiratory complex defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasta
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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Suthammarak W, Morgan P, Sedensky M. 87 Modulation of mitochondrial function in C. elegans by modification of supercomplexes—Two wrongs almost make a right. Mitochondrion 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Chandler RJ, Aswani V, Tsai MS, Falk M, Wehrli N, Stabler S, Allen R, Sedensky M, Kazazian HH, Venditti CP. Propionyl-CoA and adenosylcobalamin metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans: evidence for a role of methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase in intermediary metabolism. Mol Genet Metab 2006; 89:64-73. [PMID: 16843692 PMCID: PMC2761207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have utilized Caenorhabditis elegans to study human methylmalonic acidemia. Using bioinformatics, a full complement of mammalian homologues for the conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA in the genome of C. elegans, including propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunits A and B (pcca-1, pccb-1), methylmalonic acidemia cobalamin A complementation group (mmaa-1), co(I)balamin adenosyltransferase (mmab-1), MMACHC (cblc-1), methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase (mce-1) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (mmcm-1) were identified. To verify predictions that the entire intracellular adenosylcobalamin metabolic pathway existed and was functional, the kinetic properties of the C. elegans mmcm-1 were examined. RNA interference against mmcm-1, mmab-1, mmaa-1 in the presence of propionic acid revealed a chemical phenotype of increased methylmalonic acid; deletion mutants of mmcm-1, mmab-1 and mce-1 displayed reduced 1-[(14)C]-propionate incorporation into macromolecules. The mutants produced increased amounts of methylmalonic acid in the culture medium, proving that a functional block in the pathway caused metabolite accumulation. Lentiviral delivery of the C. elegans mmcm-1 into fibroblasts derived from a patient with mut(o) class methylmalonic acidemia could partially restore propionate flux. The C. elegans mce-1 deletion mutant demonstrates for the first time that a lesion at the epimerase step of methylmalonyl-CoA metabolism can functionally impair flux through the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase pathway and suggests that malfunction of MCEE may cause methylmalonic acidemia in humans. The C. elegans system we describe represents the first lower metazoan model organism of mammalian propionate spectrum disorders and demonstrates that mass spectrometry can be employed to study a small molecule chemical phenotype in C. elegans RNAi and deletion mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J. Chandler
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vijay Aswani
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew S. Tsai
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marni Falk
- Department of Genetics, CASE School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, CASE School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Natasha Wehrli
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19114, USA
| | - Sally Stabler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver CO 80206, USA
| | - Robert Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver CO 80206, USA
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haig H. Kazazian
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19114, USA
| | - Charles P. Venditti
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Fax: +1 3014022170; Telephone: +13014966213; Email address:
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Abstract
The mechanism and site(s) of action of volatile anesthetics are unknown. In all organisms studied, volatile anesthetics adhere to the Meyer-Overton relationship--that is, a ln-ln plot of the oil-gas partition coefficients versus the potencies yields a straight line with a slope of -1. This relationship has led to two conclusions about the site of action of volatile anesthetics. (i) It has properties similar to the lipid used to determine the oil-gas partition coefficients. (ii) All volatile anesthetics cause anesthesia by affecting a single site. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we have identified two mutants with altered sensitivities to only some volatile anesthetics. These two mutants, unc-79 and unc-80, confer large increases in sensitivity to very lipid soluble agents but have little or no increases to other agents. In addition, a class of extragenic suppressor mutations exists that suppresses some altered sensitivities but specifically does not suppress the altered sensitivity to diethyl ether. There is much debate concerning the molecular nature of the site(s) of anesthetic action. One point of discussion is whether the site(s) consists of a purely lipid binding site or if protein is involved. The simplest explanation of our observations is that volatile anesthetics cause immobility in C. elegans by specifically interacting with multiple sites. This model is in turn more consistent with involvement of protein at the site(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH
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