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Flynn BC, Hicks MH, Jabaley CS, Simmons S, Maxey-Jones C, Moitra V, Brown D, Khanna AK, Kidd B, Chow J, Golhar SY, Hemati K, Ben-Jacob TK, Kaufman M, Cobas M, Nurok M, Williams G, Nunnally ME. Sustainability of the Subspecialty of Anesthesiology Critical Care: An Expert Consensus and Review of the Literature. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:1753-1759. [PMID: 38834447 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
While considerable literature exists with respect to clinical aspects of critical care anesthesiology (CCA) practice, few publications have focused on how anesthesiology-based critical care practices are organized and the challenges associated with the administration and management of anesthesiology critical care units. Currently, numerous challenges are affecting the sustainability of CCA practice, including decreased applications to fellowship positions and decreased reimbursement for critical care work. This review describes what is known about the subspecialty of CCA and leverages the experience of administrative leaders in adult critical care anesthesiologists in the United States to describe potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid C Flynn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.
| | - Megan H Hicks
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Shawn Simmons
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Vivek Moitra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dan Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ashish K Khanna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Brent Kidd
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Jarva Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shweta Yemul Golhar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kaveh Hemati
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Talia K Ben-Jacob
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | - Margit Kaufman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Valley Anesthesia/TeamHealth Englewood Health, Englewood NJ
| | - Miguel Cobas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Palmetto Bay, FL
| | - Michael Nurok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - George Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mark E Nunnally
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care & Pain Medicine, Neurology, Surgery and Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
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Webber S, Semia S, Nacht CL, Garcia S, Kloster H, Vellardita L, Kieren MQ, Kelly MM. Physician Work-Personal Intersection: A Scoping Review of Terms, Definitions, and Measures. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:331-339. [PMID: 38039978 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A substantial body of evidence describes the multidimensional relationship between the intersection of physicians' work and personal lives and health care quality and costs, workforce sustainability, and workplace safety culture. However, there is no clear consensus on the terms, definitions, or measures used in physician work-personal intersection (WPI) research. In this scoping review, the authors aimed to describe the terms and definitions used by researchers to describe physician WPI, summarize the measurement tools used, and formulate a conceptual model of WPI that can inform future research. METHOD The authors searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies that investigated U.S. practicing physicians' WPI and measured WPI as an outcome from January 1990 to March 2022. The authors applied thematic analysis to all WPI terms, definitions, and survey questions or prompts in the included studies to create a conceptual model of physician WPI. RESULTS Ultimately, 102 studies were included in the final analysis. The most commonly used WPI terms were work-life balance, work-life integration, and work-home or work-life conflict(s). There was no consistency in the definition of any terms across studies. There was heterogeneity in the way WPI was measured, and only 8 (7.8%) studies used a validated measurement tool. The authors identified 6 key driver domains of WPI: work and personal demands; colleague and institutional support and resources; personal identity, roles, health, and values; work schedule and flexibility; partner and family support; and personal and professional strategies. CONCLUSIONS The authors found significant variability in the terms, definitions, and measures used to study physician WPI. They offer a conceptual model of the WPI construct that can be used to more consistently study physician WPI in the future. Future work should further investigate the validity of this model and generate consensus around WPI terms, definitions, and measures.
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Thomas C, Neumann KE, Smith C, Dominguez JE, Traynor A, Farber MK, Zakowski M, McCarthy RJ, Peralta FM. A survey of United States obstetric anesthesiologists' perceived value of obstetric anesthesiology fellowship. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 56:103930. [PMID: 37804553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subspecialty training in obstetric anesthesiology is associated with improved patient outcomes and reduced anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Despite this, the demand for fellowship-trained obstetric anesthesiologists far exceeds the supply. This survey study aimed to evaluate the perceived value of obstetric anesthesiology subspecialty training on career trajectory, job satisfaction, quality of life, and job autonomy. METHODS After Institutional Review Board approval, we conducted a cross-sectional study of fellowship-trained obstetric anesthesiologists in the United States of America. In March and April 2022, program directors of obstetric anesthesiology fellowships distributed an electronic survey link containing 29 multiple-choice questions to their program alumni. Survey content included respondent demographic characteristics, practice models, career information, and perceived value of an obstetric anesthesiology fellowship. RESULTS We surveyed 217/502 (43%) fellowship-trained obstetric anesthesiologists with a response rate of 158/217 (73%). Most worked in urban, academic, and level IV perinatal health centers. The majority believed an obstetric anesthesiology fellowship was "extremely beneficial" (77%), enhanced quality of life (84%), improved the quality of patient care (99%), and was influential in helping obtain their first post-training job (86%). The perceived value of the fellowship included an enhanced career trajectory, a sense of purpose, improved job satisfaction, a sense of work community, lower burnout, involvement in maternal health initiatives, increased mentorship, and departmental leadership. CONCLUSION In this survey study, fellowship-trained obstetric anesthesiologists perceived a positive impact of fellowship training on career trajectory, job protection and autonomy, quality of life, and job satisfaction. This information may be meaningful to trainees considering pursuing a fellowship and a career in obstetric anesthesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - K E Neumann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - J E Dominguez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Traynor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - M K Farber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Zakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R J McCarthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F M Peralta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Siddiqui S, Warner MA, Kelly L, Novack V, Monteith E, Douin DJ, Mladinov D, Shaefi S, Stevens RD, Tung A, Sladen RN. Determinants of Professional Fulfillment and Burnout Among Intensivists: A National Survey by the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists in 2022. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:375-382. [PMID: 36791019 PMCID: PMC10363231 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased burnout and decreased professional fulfillment among intensive care physicians is partly due to intensive care unit (ICU) workload. Although the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic increased ICU workload, it also may have increased feelings of personal fulfillment due to positive public perceptions of physicians caring for COVID patients. We surveyed critical care anesthesiologists to identify the effect of provider demographics, ICU workload, and COVID-19-related workload, on professional fulfillment and burnout. METHODS We performed an exploratory survey of 606 members of the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA) in January and February 2022. We used the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) to grade levels of professional fulfillment and markers of burnout (ie, work exhaustion and disengagement). Univariable and multivariable models were used to identify associations between provider demographics and practice characteristics and professional fulfillment and work exhaustion. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-five intensivists (29%) responded. A total of 65% were male and 49% were between 36 and 45 years old. The overall median PFI score-0 (none) to 24 (most professional fulfillment)-was 17 (IQR, 1-24), with a wide distribution of responses. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with higher professional fulfillment included age >45 years ( P =.004), ≤15 weeks full-time ICU coverage in 2020 ( P =.02), role as medical director ( P =.01), and nighttime home call with supervision of in-house ICU fellows ( P =.01). CONCLUSIONS Professional fulfillment and work exhaustion in this cross-sectional survey were associated with several demographic and practice characteristics but not COVID-19-related workload, suggesting that COVID-19 workload may not have either positive or negative perceptions on professional fulfillment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Siddiqui
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Matthew A. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, MN, USA
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Victor Novack
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Erika Monteith
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - David J. Douin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Domagoj Mladinov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avery Tung
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert N. Sladen
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irvine Medical Center, NY, USA
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Mazzeffi M, Shelton K. Preparing Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit Leaders for Success. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00249-5. [PMID: 37147208 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mazzeffi
- University of Virginia Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kenneth Shelton
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Barshied CB, Russell C. Satisfaction, Stress, and Turnover: Comparing U.S. Intensivist Physicians Before and During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0883. [PMID: 36910456 PMCID: PMC9997802 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate changes in work satisfaction, work-life balance (WLB) satisfaction, stress, and turnover intention among U.S. critical care physicians during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2021-2022 compared with prepandemic levels in 2016. DESIGN A cross-sectional electronic survey. SETTING Critical care practices in the United States. SUBJECTS U.S. physician members of the Society for Critical Care Medicine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 1,148 intensivists completed online surveys administered in two waves: in 2016 (693 respondents) and in the late 2021 to early 2022 (455 respondents). They reported demographic and practice characteristics, self-perceived levels of satisfaction, stress, health, and intention to leave their current job. U.S.-based critical care physicians in 2022 report significantly lower levels of job satisfaction compared with 2016. Frequency of work stress and turnover intention also increased, whereas WLB satisfaction has remained the same. Nearly two-thirds of intensivists wish they could work fewer hours, and this discontentment is correlated with decreased satisfaction, increased stress, and increased turnover, particularly in pandemic respondents. More than 25% of physicians rated their mental health as poor or fair, and 20% rated their physical health as poor or fair; these self-ratings correlated with decreased satisfaction and increased stress and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has further burdened an already-strained critical care workforce. During the pandemic, job satisfaction fell, work stress became more frequent, and turnover intention increased for critical care physicians. They also have consistently low rates of WLB satisfaction. Work hours matter the most for physician satisfaction, stress, and turnover intention, and the desire to work fewer hours is negatively related to all outcomes. Many critical care physicians reported poor mental and physical health during the pandemic, which is strongly and negatively related to all outcomes. These results emphasize the importance of prioritizing the working preferences and the self-care of intensivist physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cortessa Russell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Klick JC, Syed M, Leong R, Miranda H, Cotter EK. Health and Well-Being of Intensive Care Unit Physicians: How to Ensure the Longevity of a Critical Specialty. Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 41:303-316. [PMID: 36872006 PMCID: PMC9985495 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
A second epidemic of burnout, fatigue, anxiety, and moral distress has emerged concurrently with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and critical care physicians are especially affected. This article reviews the history of burnout in health care workers, presents the signs and symptoms, discusses the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intensive care unit caregivers, and attempts to identify potential strategies to combat the Great Resignation disproportionately affecting health care workers. The article also focuses on how the specialty can amplify the voices and highlight the leadership potential of underrepresented minorities, physicians with disabilities, and the aging physician population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Klick
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Intensive Care & Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Mail Code G58, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ron Leong
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medial College, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, Suite 8130, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Haley Miranda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1034, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cotter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 1034, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Shaefi S, Pannu A, Mueller AL, Flynn B, Evans A, Jabaley CS, Mladinov D, Wall M, Siddiqui S, Douin DJ, Boone MD, Monteith E, Abalama V, Nunnally ME, Cobas M, Warner MA, Stevens RD. Nationwide Clinical Practice Patterns of Anesthesiology Critical Care Physicians: A Survey to Members of the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:295-307. [PMID: 35950751 PMCID: PMC9840646 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing contributions of critical care anesthesiologists to clinical practice, research, and administrative leadership of intensive care units (ICUs), relatively little is known about the subspecialty-specific clinical practice environment. An understanding of contemporary clinical practice is essential to recognize the opportunities and challenges facing critical care anesthesia, optimize staffing patterns, assess sustainability and satisfaction, and strategically plan for future activity, scope, and training. This study surveyed intensivists who are members of the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA) to evaluate practice patterns of critical care anesthesiologists, including compensation, types of ICUs covered, models of overnight ICU coverage, and relationships between these factors. We hypothesized that variability in compensation and practice patterns would be observed between individuals. METHODS Board-certified critical care anesthesiologists practicing in the United States were identified using the SOCCA membership distribution list and invited to take a voluntary online survey between May and June 2021. Multiple-choice questions with both single- and multiple-select options were used for answers with categorical data, and adaptive questioning was used to clarify stem-based responses. Respondents were asked to describe practice patterns at their respective institutions and provide information about their demographics, salaries, effort in ICUs, as well as other activities. RESULTS A total of 490 participants were invited to take this survey, and 157 (response rate 32%) surveys were completed and analyzed. The majority of respondents were White (73%), male (69%), and younger than 50 years of age (82%). The cardiothoracic/cardiovascular ICU was the most common practice setting, with 69.5% of respondents reporting time working in this unit. Significant variability was observed in ICU practice patterns. Respondents reported spending an equal proportion of their time in clinical practice in the operating rooms and ICUs (median, 40%; interquartile range [IQR], 20%-50%), whereas a smaller proportion-primarily those who completed their training before 2009-reported administrative or research activities. Female respondents reported salaries that were $36,739 less than male respondents; however, this difference was not statistically different, and after adjusting for age and practice type, these differences were less pronounced (-$27,479.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], -$57,232.61 to $2273.03; P = .07). CONCLUSIONS These survey data provide a current snapshot of anesthesiology critical care clinical practice patterns in the United States. Our findings may inform decision-making around the initiation and expansion of critical care services and optimal staffing patterns, as well as provide a basis for further work that focuses on intensivist satisfaction and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Shaefi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ameeka Pannu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ariel L. Mueller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brigid Flynn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | | | - Craig S. Jabaley
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Domagoj Mladinov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael Wall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shahla Siddiqui
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David J. Douin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - M. Dustin Boone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Erika Monteith
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vivian Abalama
- International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS), Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (SOCCA), San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark E. Nunnally
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Miguel Cobas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Matthew A. Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert D Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Tung A, Dalton A, Hastie J, Jabaley CS, Mittel AM, Nunnally ME, Siddiqui S. The Next Next Wave: How Critical Care Might Learn From COVID in Responding to the Next Pandemic. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:903-910. [PMID: 36269981 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery Tung
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Allison Dalton
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Hastie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig S Jabaley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aaron M Mittel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark E Nunnally
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care & Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Shahla Siddiqui
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Anxiety, worry, and job satisfaction: effects of COVID-19 care on critical care anesthesiologists. Can J Anaesth 2022; 69:552-554. [PMID: 35025026 PMCID: PMC8756752 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-022-02188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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