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Suzuki R, Woo JZ, Thumberger T, Hofmann G, Wittbrodt J, Tavhelidse-Suck T. Characterizing medaka visual features using a high-throughput optomotor response assay. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302092. [PMID: 38941325 PMCID: PMC11213317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) is a powerful model to study genetics underlying the developmental and functional traits of the vertebrate visual system. We established a simple and high-throughput optomotor response (OMR) assay utilizing medaka larvae to study visual functions including visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Our assay presents multiple adjustable stripes in motion to individual fish in a linear arena. For that the OMR assay employs a tablet display and the Fish Stripes software to adjust speed, width, color, and contrast of the stripes. Our results demonstrated that optomotor responses were robustly induced by black and white stripes presented from below in the linear-pool-arena. We detected robust strain specific differences in the OMR when comparing long established medaka inbred strains. We observed an interesting training effect upon the initial exposure of larvae to thick stripes, which allowed them to better respond to narrower stripes. The OMR setup and protocol presented here provide an efficient tool for quantitative phenotype mapping, addressing visual acuity, trainability of cortical neurons, color sensitivity, locomotor response, retinal regeneration and others. Our open-source setup presented here provides a crucial prerequisite for ultimately addressing the genetic basis of those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Suzuki
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jia Zheng Woo
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gero Hofmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mizoguchi K, Sato M, Saito R, Koshikuni M, Sakakibara M, Manabe R, Harada Y, Uchikawa T, Ansai S, Kamei Y, Naruse K, Fukamachi S. Behavioral photosensitivity of multi-color-blind medaka: enhanced response under ultraviolet light in the absence of short-wavelength-sensitive opsins. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:67. [PMID: 38097940 PMCID: PMC10722765 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The behavioral photosensitivity of animals could be quantified via the optomotor response (OMR), for example, and the luminous efficiency function (the range of visible light) should largely rely on the repertoire and expression of light-absorbing proteins in the retina, i.e., the opsins. In fact, the OMR under red light was suppressed in medaka lacking the red (long-wavelength sensitive [LWS]) opsin. RESULTS We investigated the ultraviolet (UV)- or blue-light sensitivity of medaka lacking the violet (short-wavelength sensitive 1 [SWS1]) and blue (SWS2) opsins. The sws1/sws2 double or sws1/sws2/lws triple mutants were as viable as the wild type. The remaining green (rhodopsin 2 [RH2]) or red opsins were not upregulated. Interestingly, the OMR of the double or triple mutants was equivalent or even increased under UV or blue light (λ = 350, 365, or 450 nm), which demonstrated that the rotating stripes (i.e., changes in luminance) could fully be recognized under UV light using RH2 alone. The OMR test using dichromatic stripes projected onto an RGB display consistently showed that the presence or absence of SWS1 and SWS2 did not affect the equiluminant conditions. CONCLUSIONS RH2 and LWS, but not SWS1 and SWS2, should predominantly contribute to the postreceptoral processes leading to the OMR or, possibly, to luminance detection in general, as the medium-wavelength-sensitive and LWS cones, but not the SWS cones, are responsible for luminance detection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyono Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mayu Sato
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Rina Saito
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mayu Koshikuni
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mana Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Ran Manabe
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yumi Harada
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Tamaki Uchikawa
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
- Laboratory of Genome Editing Breeding, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan.
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Yasuda T, Nakazawa T, Hirakawa K, Matsumoto I, Nagata K, Mori S, Igarashi K, Sagara H, Oda S, Mitani H. Retinal regeneration after injury induced by gamma-ray irradiation during early embryogenesis in medaka, Oryzias latipes. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:131-138. [PMID: 37555698 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2242932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zebrafish, a small fish model, exhibits a multipotent ability for retinal regeneration after damage throughout its lifetime. Compared with zebrafish, birds and mammals exhibit such a regenerative capacity only during the embryonic period, and this capacity decreases with age. In medaka, another small fish model that has also been used extensively in biological research, the retina's inner nuclear layer (INL) failed to regenerate after injury in the hatchling at eight days postfertilization (dpf). We characterized the regenerative process of the embryonic retina when the retinal injury occurred during the early embryonic period in medaka. METHODS We employed a 10 Gy dose of gamma-ray irradiation to initiate retinal injury in medaka embryos at 3 dpf and performed histopathological analyses up to 21 dpf. RESULTS One day after irradiation, numerous apoptotic neurons were observed in the INL; however, these neurons were rarely observed in the ciliary marginal zone and the photoreceptor layer. Numerous pyknotic cells were clustered in the irradiated retina until two days after irradiation. These disappeared four days after irradiation, but the abnormal bridging structures between the INL and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were present until 11 days after irradiation, and the neural layers were completely regenerated 18 days after irradiation. After gamma-ray irradiation, the spindle-like Müller glial cells in the INL became rounder but did not lose their ability to express SOX2. CONCLUSIONS Irradiated retina at 3 dpf of medaka embryos could be completely regenerated at 18 days after irradiation (21 dpf), although the abnormal layer structures bridging the INL and GCL were transiently formed in the retinas of all the irradiated embryos. Four days after irradiation, embryonic medaka Müller glia were reduced in number but maintained SOX2 expression as in nonirradiated embryos. This finding contrasts with previous reports that 8 dpf medaka larvae could not fully regenerate damaged retinas because of loss of SOX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kei Hirakawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ikumi Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, Institute for Radiological Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunta Mori
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sagara
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
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Mrinalini R, Tamilanban T, Naveen Kumar V, Manasa K. Zebrafish - The Neurobehavioural Model in Trend. Neuroscience 2022; 520:95-118. [PMID: 36549602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is currently in vogue as a prevalently used experimental model for studies concerning neurobehavioural disorders and associated fields. Since the 1960s, this model has succeeded in breaking most barriers faced in the hunt for an experimental model. From its appearance to its high parity with human beings genetically, this model renders itself as an advantageous experimental lab animal. Neurobehavioural disorders have always posed an arduous task in terms of their detection as well as in determining their exact etiology. They are still, in most cases, diseases of interest for inventing or discovering novel pharmacological interventions. Thus, the need for a harbinger experimental model for studying neurobehaviours is escalating. Ensuring the same model is used for studying several neuro-studies conserves the results from inter-species variations. For this, we need a model that satisfies all the pre-requisite conditions to be made the final choice of model for neurobehavioural studies. This review recapitulates the progress of zebrafish as an experimental model with its most up-to-the-minute advances in the area. Various tests, assays, and responses employed using zebrafish in screening neuroactive drugs have been tabulated effectively. The tools, techniques, protocols, and apparatuses that bolster zebrafish studies are discussed. The probable research that can be done using zebrafish has also been briefly outlined. The various breeding and maintenance methods employed, along with the information on various strains available and most commonly used, are also elaborated upon, supplementing Zebrafish's use in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mrinalini
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
| | - V Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203.
| | - K Manasa
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India - 603203
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Matsuo M, Matsuyama M, Kobayashi T, Kanda S, Ansai S, Kawakami T, Hosokawa E, Daido Y, Kusakabe TG, Naruse K, Fukamachi S. Retinal Cone Mosaic in sws1-Mutant Medaka ( Oryzias latipes), A Teleost. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources/NIBB Center of the Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taichi Kawakami
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Erika Hosokawa
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Daido
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takehiro G. Kusakabe
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources/NIBB Center of the Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Matsuo M, Kamei Y, Fukamachi S. Behavioural red-light sensitivity in fish according to the optomotor response. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210415. [PMID: 34386255 PMCID: PMC8334835 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Various procedures have been adopted to investigate spectral sensitivity of animals, e.g. absorption spectra of visual pigments, electroretinography, optokinetic response, optomotor response (OMR) and phototaxis. The use of these techniques has led to various conclusions about animal vision. However, visual sensitivity should be evaluated consistently for a reliable comparison. In this study, we retrieved behavioural data of several fish species using a single OMR procedure and compared their sensitivities to near-infrared light. Besides cavefish that lack eyes, some species were not appropriate for the OMR test because they either stayed still or changed swimming direction frequently. Eight of 13 fish species tested were OMR positive. Detailed analyses using medaka, goldfish, zebrafish, guppy, stickleback and cichlid revealed that all the fish were sensitive to light at a wavelength greater than or equal to 750 nm, where the threshold wavelengths varied from 750 to 880 nm. Fish opsin repertoire affected the perception of red light. By contrast, the copy number of long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) genes did not necessarily improve red-light sensitivity. While the duplication of LWS and other cone opsin genes that has occurred extensively during fish evolution might not aid increasing spectral sensitivity, it may provide some other advantageous ophthalmic function, such as enhanced spectral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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Kist AM, Gómez P, Dubrovskiy D, Schlegel P, Kunduk M, Echternach M, Patel R, Semmler M, Bohr C, Dürr S, Schützenberger A, Döllinger M. A Deep Learning Enhanced Novel Software Tool for Laryngeal Dynamics Analysis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1889-1903. [PMID: 34000199 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose High-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) is an emerging, but barely used, endoscopy technique in the clinic to assess and diagnose voice disorders because of the lack of dedicated software to analyze the data. HSV allows to quantify the vocal fold oscillations by segmenting the glottal area. This challenging task has been tackled by various studies; however, the proposed approaches are mostly limited and not suitable for daily clinical routine. Method We developed a user-friendly software in C# that allows the editing, motion correction, segmentation, and quantitative analysis of HSV data. We further provide pretrained deep neural networks for fully automatic glottis segmentation. Results We freely provide our software Glottis Analysis Tools (GAT). Using GAT, we provide a general threshold-based region growing platform that enables the user to analyze data from various sources, such as in vivo recordings, ex vivo recordings, and high-speed footage of artificial vocal folds. Additionally, especially for in vivo recordings, we provide three robust neural networks at various speed and quality settings to allow a fully automatic glottis segmentation needed for application by untrained personnel. GAT further evaluates video and audio data in parallel and is able to extract various features from the video data, among others the glottal area waveform, that is, the changing glottal area over time. In total, GAT provides 79 unique quantitative analysis parameters for video- and audio-based signals. Many of these parameters have already been shown to reflect voice disorders, highlighting the clinical importance and usefulness of the GAT software. Conclusion GAT is a unique tool to process HSV and audio data to determine quantitative, clinically relevant parameters for research, diagnosis, and treatment of laryngeal disorders. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14575533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Kist
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pablo Gómez
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Dubrovskiy
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melda Kunduk
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Matthias Echternach
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Munich University Hospital (LMU), Germany
| | - Rita Patel
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Marion Semmler
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Bohr
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Dürr
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Schützenberger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
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Kanazawa N, Goto M, Harada Y, Takimoto C, Sasaki Y, Uchikawa T, Kamei Y, Matsuo M, Fukamachi S. Changes in a Cone Opsin Repertoire Affect Color-Dependent Social Behavior in Medaka but Not Behavioral Photosensitivity. Front Genet 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32903371 PMCID: PMC7434946 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common ancestors of vertebrates had four types of cone opsins: short-wavelength sensitive 1 (SWS1), SWS2, rhodopsin 2 (RH2), and long-wavelength sensitive (LWS) types. Whereas fish and birds retain all the types, mammals have lost two of them (SWS2 and RH2) possibly because of their nocturnal lifestyle during the Mesozoic Era. Considering that the loss of cone opsin types causes so-called color blindness in humans (e.g., protanopia), the ability to discriminate color by trichromatic humans could be lower than that in potentially tetrachromatic birds and fish. Behavioral studies using color-blind (cone opsin-knockout) animals would be helpful to address such questions, but it is only recently that the genome-editing technologies have opened up this pathway. Using medaka as a model, we introduced frameshift mutations in SWS2 (SWS2a and/or SWS2b) after detailed characterization of the loci in silico, which unveiled the existence of a GC-AG intron and non-optic expressed-sequence-tags (ESTs) that include SWS2a in part. Transcripts from the mutated SWS2 loci are commonly reduced, suggesting that the SWS2a/b-double mutants could produce, if any, severely truncated (likely dysfunctional) SWS2s in small amounts. The mutants exhibited weakened body color preferences during mate choice. However, the optomotor response (OMR) test under monochromatic light revealed that the mutants had no defect in spectral sensitivity, even at the absorbance maxima (λmax) of SWS2s. Evolutionary diversification of cone opsins has often been discussed in relation to adaptation to dominating light in habitats (i.e., changes in the repertoire or λmax are for increasing sensitivity to the dominating light). However, the present results seem to provide empirical evidence showing that acquiring or losing a type of cone opsin (or changes in λmax) need not substantially affect photopic or mesopic sensitivity. Other points of view, such as color discrimination of species-specific mates/preys/predators against habitat-specific backgrounds, may be necessary to understand why cone opsin repertories are so various among animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodoka Kanazawa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Mayuko Goto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Yumi Harada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takimoto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Yuuka Sasaki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Tamaki Uchikawa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.,School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyō, Japan
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Optomotor Swimming in Larval Zebrafish Is Driven by Global Whole-Field Visual Motion and Local Light-Dark Transitions. Cell Rep 2019; 29:659-670.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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10
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Evolutionary history of the medaka long-wavelength sensitive genes and effects of artificial regression by gene loss on behavioural photosensitivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2726. [PMID: 30804415 PMCID: PMC6389941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem gene duplication has led to an expansion of cone-opsin repertoires in many fish, but the resulting functional advantages have only been conjectured without empirical demonstration. Medaka (Oryzias latipes and O. sakaizumii) have eight (two red, three green, two blue, and one violet) cone opsin genes. Absorbance maxima (λmax) of the proteins vary from 356 nm to 562 nm, but those of the red opsins (long-wavelength sensitive; LWS) are nearly identical, obscuring the necessity of their coexistence. Here, we compared the LWSa and LWSb loci of these sister species and found that the gene duplication occurred long before the latipes–sakaizumii speciation (4–18 million years ago), and the high sequence similarity between the paralogues is the result of at least two events of gene conversion. These repetitive gene conversions would indicate the importance for medaka of retaining two identical LWSs in the genome. However, a newly established medaka mutant with a single LWS showed no defect in LWS expression or behavioural red-light sensitivity, demonstrating functional redundancy of the paralogs. Thus, as with many other genes after whole-genome duplication, the redundant LWS might be on the way to being lost from the current cone opsin repertoire. Thus, non-allelic gene conversion may temporarily provide an easier and more frequent solution than gene loss for reducing genetic diversity, which should be considered when assessing history of gene evolution by phylogenetic analyses.
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