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Helena GA, Watanabe T, Kato Y, Shiraki N, Kume S. Activation of cAMP (EPAC2) signaling pathway promotes hepatocyte attachment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12352. [PMID: 37524826 PMCID: PMC10390557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Human Hepatocyte (PHH) remains undefeated as the gold standard in hepatic studies. Despite its valuable properties, partial attachment loss due to the extraction process and cryopreservation remained the main hurdle in its application. We hypothesized that we could overcome the loss of PHH cell attachment through thawing protocol adjustment and medium composition. We reported a novel use of a medium designed for iPSC-derived hepatocytes, increasing PHH attachment on the collagen matrix. Delving further into the medium composition, we discovered that removing BSA and exposure to cAMP activators such as IBMX and Forskolin benefit PHH attachment. We found that activating EPAC2, the cAMP downstream effector, by S-220 significantly increased PHH attachment. We also found that EPAC2 activation induced bile canaliculi formation in iPS-derived hepatocytes. Combining these factors in studies involving PHH or iPS-hepatocyte culture provides promising means to improve cell attachment and maintenance of hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Aprilia Helena
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Watanabe
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1146, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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2
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McDuffie D, Barr D, Agarwal A, Thomas E. Physiologically relevant microsystems to study viral infection in the human liver. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999366. [PMID: 36246284 PMCID: PMC9555087 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or lack thereof are poorly understood and merit further investigation. Though cures for viral hepatitis have been developed, they are expensive, not readily accessible in vulnerable populations and some patients may remain at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after viral clearance. To sustain infection in vitro, hepatocytes must be fully mature and remain in a differentiated state. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly dedifferentiate in conventional 2D in vitro platforms. Physiologically relevant or physiomimetic microsystems, are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monocultures for in vitro studies. Physiomimetic systems reconstruct and incorporate elements of the native cellular microenvironment to improve biologic functionality in vitro. Multiple elements contribute to these models including ancillary tissue architecture, cell co-cultures, matrix proteins, chemical gradients and mechanical forces that contribute to increased viability, longevity and physiologic function for the tissue of interest. These microsystems are used in a wide variety of applications to study biological phenomena. Here, we explore the use of physiomimetic microsystems as tools for studying viral hepatitis infection in the liver and how the design of these platforms is tailored for enhanced investigation of the viral lifecycle when compared to conventional 2D cell culture models. Although liver-based physiomimetic microsystems are typically applied in the context of drug studies, the platforms developed for drug discovery purposes offer a solid foundation to support studies on viral hepatitis. Physiomimetic platforms may help prolong hepatocyte functionality in order to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection in vitro for studying virus-host interactions for prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis McDuffie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - David Barr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ashutosh Agarwal,
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Schiff Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Emmanuel Thomas,
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3
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Takezawa T, Uzu M. HepG2-NIAS cells, a new subline of HepG2 cells that can enhance not only CYP3A4 activity but also expression of drug transporters and form bile canaliculus-like networks by the oxygenation culture via a collagen vitrigel membrane. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:39-50. [PMID: 34987140 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We reported the enhanced liver-specific function and structure of HepG2 cells by the oxygenation culture via a collagen vitrigel membrane (CVM). The cells were conditioned in our laboratory for a long period, so their characteristics may change from the original HepG2 cells registered in RIKEN cell bank (RCB) with the number of 1648 (HepG2-RCB1648 cells). We named the conditioned HepG2-RCB1648 cells in our laboratory as HepG2-NIAS cells. Here, we clarified the features of HepG2 cells with three different culture histories by analyzing their morphology and viability, CYP3A4 activity, the potential to form bile canaliculus-like structures, and the expression of drug transporters. On plastic, HepG2-NIAS cells grew as a monolayer without the formation of large aggregates involving dead cells that were observed in HepG2-RCB1648 cells and HepG2-RCB1886 cells. In the oxygenation culture via a CVM, the CYP3A4 activity of HepG2-NIAS cells increased to almost half level in direct comparison to that of differentiated HepaRG cells cultured on a collagen-coated plate; however, that of HepG2-RCB1648 cells and HepG2-RCB1886 cells was almost not detected. HepG2-NIAS cells formed bile canaliculus-like networks in which fluorescein was accumulated after the exposure of fluorescein diacetate, although HepG2-RCB1648 cells and HepG2-RCB1886 cells did not possess the potential. Also, immunohistological observations revealed that HepG2-NIAS cells remarkably enhanced the expression of drug transporters, NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BSEP, MDR1, MRP2, and BCRP. These results suggest that HepG2-NIAS cells are a new subline of HepG2 cells useful for drug development studies. HepG2-NIAS cells were registered in RCB with the number of 4679.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Takezawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Miaki Uzu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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4
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Chemically Defined Conditions Mediate an Efficient Induction of Dental Pulp Pluripotent-Like Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5212852. [PMID: 34795766 PMCID: PMC8593589 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Dental pulp pluripotent-like stem cells (DPPSCs) are of a considerable promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a new source of tissue-specific cells; therefore, this study is aimed at demonstrating their ability to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. Cells were differentiated on a collagen scaffold in serum-free media supplemented with growth factors and cytokines to recapitulate liver development. At day 5, the differentiated DPPSC cells expressed the endodermal markers FOXA1 and FOXA2. Then, the cells were derived into the hepatic lineage generating hepatocyte-like cells. In addition to the associated morphological changes, the cells expressed the hepatic genes HNF6 and AFP. The terminally differentiated hepatocyte-like cells expressed the liver functional proteins albumin and CYP3A4. In this study, we report an efficient serum-free protocol to differentiate DPPSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells. Our approach promotes the use of DPPSCs as a new source of adult stem cells for prospective use in liver regenerative medicine.
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5
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Fares AE, Gabr H, ShamsEldeen AM, Farghali HAM, Rizk MMSM, Mahmoud BE, Tammam ABA, Mahmoud AMA, Suliman AAM, Ayyad MAA, Ahmed SH, Hassan RM. Implanted subcutaneous versus intraperitoneal bioscaffold seeded with hepatocyte-like cells: functional evaluation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:441. [PMID: 34362466 PMCID: PMC8344159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The X-linked bleeding disorder, hemophilia A, is caused by defective production of factor VIII (FVIII). Hemophilic patients require regular FVIII infusions. Recombinant factor replacement poses the safest line of therapy. However, its main drawbacks are high expenses and the higher liability for formation of inhibitors. Recent studies confirmed the ability of bone marrow-derived stem cells to secrete FVIII. This study aims to generate bioscaffold from decellularized liver and subsequently seed it with trans-differentiated human stem cells into hepatic-like cells. This scaffold can then be implanted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously to provide FVIII.
Methods After generation of the bioscaffold, seeding of discoid scaffolds with trans-differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells was performed. Then, the generated organoid was implanted into peritoneal cavity or subcutaneous tissue of experimental rats. Results Serum human FVIII was significantly increased in rats subjected to subcutaneous implantation compared intraperitoneal implantation. Immunostaining for detecting Cytokeratin 19 and human anti-globulin confirmed the presence of mature human hepatocytes that were significantly increased in subcutaneous implanted scaffold compared to the intraperitoneal one. Conclusion Implantation of decellularized bioscaffold seeded with trans-differentiated stem cells in rats was successful to establish production of FVIII. Subcutaneous implantation showed higher FVIII levels than intraperitoneal implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elham Fares
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Gabr
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Haithem A M Farghali
- Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sahar Hassan Ahmed
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Coculture with hiPS-derived intestinal cells enhanced human hepatocyte functions in a pneumatic-pressure-driven two-organ microphysiological system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5437. [PMID: 33686099 PMCID: PMC7940409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining intestine–liver interactions is important for achieving the desired physiological drug absorption and metabolism response in in vitro drug tests. Multi-organ microphysiological systems (MPSs) constitute promising tools for evaluating inter-organ interactions in vitro. For coculture on MPSs, normal cells are challenging to use because they require complex maintenance and careful handling. Herein, we demonstrated the potential of coculturing normal cells on MPSs in the evaluation of intestine–liver interactions. To this end, we cocultured human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes which were isolated from PXB mice with medium circulation in a pneumatic-pressure-driven MPS with pipette-friendly liquid-handling options. The cytochrome activity, albumin production, and liver-specific gene expressions in human hepatocytes freshly isolated from a PXB mouse were significantly upregulated via coculture with hiPS-intestinal cells. Our normal cell coculture shows the effects of the interactions between the intestine and liver that may occur in vivo. This study is the first to demonstrate the coculturing of hiPS-intestinal cells and fresh human hepatocytes on an MPS for examining pure inter-organ interactions. Normal-cell coculture using the multi-organ MPS could be pursued to explore unknown physiological mechanisms of inter-organ interactions in vitro and investigate the physiological response of new drugs.
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7
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Tao L, Fang SY, Zhao L, He TC, He Y, Bi Y. Indocyanine Green Uptake and Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining Method for Function Detection of Liver Cells are Affected by Different Cell Confluence. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:159-167. [PMID: 33927473 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stem cell transplantation has been demonstrated as an effective alternative therapy for the end-stage liver failure patients. Therefore, the functional detection of hepatic stem cell is essentially required. The present study confirmed that adenovirus BMP9 (Ad-BMP9) could increase the ALB-Gluc activity of HP14-19 hepatic progenitor cells, the expression of specific hepatic markers ALB, TAT, UGT1A were up-regulated while the hepatic stem cell markers DLK, AFP were down-regulated, and the number of positive Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained cells were significantly higher than those in control group. However, the indocyanine green (ICG) uptake failed to be detectable in induced hepatocytes, which was inconsistent. By using another cell line LC14d, we found out that positive ICG uptake cells were located in the area of low cell density, while positive PAS stained cells were mainly concentrated in the area where cells were overlapped, indicating that different cell confluence might affect the outcomes of ICG uptake and PAS staining. A manual wound healing of Ad-BMP9 induced HP14-19 cells was made, the crawling cells were stained positive for ICG but not for PAS. Therefore, our finding may provide evidence for better application of PAS staining and ICG uptake assay in functional detection of mature hepatocytes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00453-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Fang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yun He
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yoshida S, Honjo T, Iino K, Ishibe R, Leo S, Shimada T, Watanabe T, Ishikawa M, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Shiraki N, Kume S. Generation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Functional Enterocyte-Like Cells for Pharmacokinetic Studies. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:295-308. [PMID: 33513361 PMCID: PMC7878837 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish an in vitro differentiation procedure to generate matured small intestinal cells mimicking human small intestine from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We previously reported the efficient generation of CDX2-expressing intestinal progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) and (3,5-difluorophenylacetyl)-L-alanyl-L-2-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT) to treat definitive endodermal cells. Here, we demonstrate the generation of enterocyte-like cells by culturing human iPSC-derived intestinal progenitor cells on a collagen vitrigel membrane (CVM) and treating cells with a simple maturation medium containing BIO, DMSO, dexamethasone, and activated vitamin D3. Functional tests further confirmed that these iPSC-derived enterocyte-like cells exhibit P-gp- and BCRP-mediated efflux and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-mediated metabolism. We concluded that hiPS cell-derived enterocyte-like cells can be used as a model for the evaluation of drug transport and metabolism studies in the human small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Yoshida
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan; Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honjo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Keita Iino
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Ishibe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Sylvia Leo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Shimada
- Analytical Chemistry & Technology, Shionogi TechnoAdvance Research Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futabacho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Watanabe
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Masaya Ishikawa
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., 21 Suzukawa, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-25 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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9
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Inoue T, Iwazaki N, Araki T, Hitotsumachi H. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes and their Culturing Methods to Maintain Liver Functions for Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:773-779. [PMID: 32003687 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200131123524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocytes are essential cell types for pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. However, widely used primary hepatocytes with individual variations in liver function lose those functions rapidly in culture. Hepatic cell lines are convenient to use but have low liver functions. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) cells can be expanded and potentially differentiated into any cell or tissue, including the liver. HiPS cell-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells (hiPSHeps) are expected to be extensively used as consistent functional human hepatocytes. Many laboratories are investigating methods of using hiPS cells to differentiate hepatocytes, but the derived cells still have immature liver functions. In this paper, we describe the current uses and limitations of conventional hepatic cells, evaluating the suitability of hiPS-Heps to pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals, and discuss the potential future use of non-conventional non-monolayer culture methods to derive fully functional hiPS-Heps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Inoue
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
| | - Norihiko Iwazaki
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
| | - Tetsuro Araki
- Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi), Japan
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10
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Shima A, Nagata S, Takeuchi S. Three-dimensional co-culture of blood-brain barrier-composing cells in a culture insert with a collagen vitrigel membrane. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:500-504. [PMID: 32820386 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structure located in brain capillaries that protects the brain from toxic substances in blood due to its high barrier function. The brain capillaries form a layered structure with pericytes, neurons, glial cells, and extracellular matrix proteins that is called neurovascular unit, and the structure is important to express the high barrier function of BBB. Here, we propose a method to construct a three-dimensional BBB tissue using three human BBB-composing cells, including brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, that mimics the in vivo BBB-like layered structure. Primary human brain endothelial cells were plated on the back side (outside) of the collagen vitrigel membrane of a culture insert, pericytes were plated on the upper side (inside), and astrocytes mixed in Matrigel were plated on the pericyte layer. The layered structure was maintained for at least 2 wk. The BBB tissue-loaded collagen vitrigel membrane can be detached from the insert frame using acetone with the tissue fixed intact and used for vertical cryosectioning to analyze the tissue interior. We also measured transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the three-dimensional BBB co-culture to investigate barrier function of the brain endothelial cells. We believe that our co-culture method is useful to study engineered BBB tissues and develop reliable in vitro human BBB models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Shima
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Nagata
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Zhao X, Zhu Y, Laslett AL, Chan HF. Hepatic Differentiation of Stem Cells in 2D and 3D Biomaterial Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E47. [PMID: 32466173 PMCID: PMC7356247 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical shortage of donor livers for treating end-stage liver failure signifies the urgent need for alternative treatment options. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived from various stem cells represent a promising cell source for hepatocyte transplantation, liver tissue engineering, and development of a bioartificial liver assist device. At present, the protocols of hepatic differentiation of stem cells are optimized based on soluble chemical signals introduced in the culture medium and the HLC produced typically retain an immature phenotype. To promote further hepatic differentiation and maturation, biomaterials can be designed to recapitulate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in both 2D and 3D configurations. In this review, we will summarize and compare various 2D and 3D biomaterial systems that have been applied to hepatic differentiation, and highlight their roles in presenting biochemical and physical cues to different stem cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanlun Zhu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Andrew L. Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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12
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Chen F, Wang H, Xiao J. Regulated differentiation of stem cells into an artificial 3D liver as a transplantable source. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:163-179. [PMID: 32098013 PMCID: PMC7160355 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2019.0022n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage liver disease is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Since insufficient sources of transplantable liver and possible immune rejection severely hinder the wide application of conventional liver transplantation therapy, artificial three-dimensional (3D) liver culture and assembly from stem cells have become a new hope for patients with end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. However, the induced differentiation of single-layer or 3D-structured hepatocytes from stem cells cannot physiologically support essential liver functions due to the lack of formation of blood vessels, immune regulation, storage of vitamins, and other vital hepatic activities. Thus, there is emerging evidence showing that 3D organogenesis of artificial vascularized liver tissue from combined hepatic cell types derived from differentiated stem cells is practical for the treatment of end-stage liver diseases. The optimization of novel biomaterials, such as decellularized matrices and natural macromolecules, also strongly supports the organogenesis of 3D tissue with the desired complex structure. This review summarizes new research updates on novel differentiation protocols of stem cell-derived major hepatic cell types and the application of new supportive biomaterials. Future biological and clinical challenges of this concept are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- National Key Disciplines for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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