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Mierke CT, Hayn A, Fischer T. PINCH1 Promotes Fibroblast Migration in Extracellular Matrices and Influences Their Mechanophenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869563. [PMID: 35652097 PMCID: PMC9149598 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration performs a critical function in numerous physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis or wound healing after tissue injury, as well as pathological processes that include malignant progression of cancer. The efficiency of cell migration and invasion appears to be based on the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton. The properties of the cytoskeleton depend on internal cytoskeletal and external environmental factors. A reason for this are connections between the cell and its local matrix microenvironment, which are established by cell-matrix adhesion receptors. Upon activation, focal adhesion proteins such as PINCH1 are recruited to sites where focal adhesions form. PINCH1 specifically couples through interactions with ILK, which binds to cell matrix receptors and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, the role of PINCH1 in cell mechanics regulating cellular motility in 3D collagen matrices is still unclear. PINCH1 is thought to facilitate 3D motility by regulating cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness. In this study, PINCH1 wild-type and knock-out cells were examined for their ability to migrate in dense extracellular 3D matrices. Indeed, PINCH1 wild-type cells migrated more numerously and deeper in 3D matrices, compared to knock-out cells. Moreover, cellular deformability was determined, e.g., elastic modulus (stiffness). PINCH1 knock-out cells are more deformable (compliable) than PINCH1 wild-type cells. Migration of both PINCH1−/− cells and PINCH1fl/fl cells was decreased by Latrunculin A inhibition of actin polymerization, suggesting that actin cytoskeletal differences are not responsible for the discrepancy in invasiveness of the two cell types. However, the mechanical phenotype of PINCH1−/− cells may be reflected by Latrunculin A treatment of PINCH1fl/fl cells, as they exhibit resembling deformability to untreated PINCH1−/− cells. Moreover, an apparent mismatch exists between the elongation of the long axis and the contraction of the short axis between PINCH1fl/fl cells and PINCH1−/− cells following Latrunculin A treatment. There is evidence of this indicating a shift in the proxy values for Poisson’s ratio in PINCH1−/− cells compared with PINCH1fl/fl cells. This is probably attributable to modifications in cytoskeletal architecture. The non-muscle myosin II inhibitor Blebbistatin also reduced the cell invasiveness in 3D extracellular matrices but instead caused a stiffening of the cells. Finally, PINCH1 is apparently essential for providing cellular mechanical stiffness through the actin cytoskeleton, which regulates 3D motility.
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2
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Anderson CA, Kovar DR, Gardel ML, Winkelman JD. LIM domain proteins in cell mechanobiology. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:303-311. [PMID: 34028199 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is important for maintaining mechanical homeostasis in adherent cells, largely through its regulation of adhesion and cortical tension. The LIM (Lin-11, Isl1, MEC-3) domain-containing proteins are involved in a myriad of cellular mechanosensitive pathways. Recent work has discovered that LIM domains bind to mechanically stressed actin filaments, suggesting a novel and widely conserved mechanism of mechanosensing. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of LIM protein mechanosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret L Gardel
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan D Winkelman
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Cheah JS, Jacobs KA, Lai TW, Caballelo R, Yee JL, Ueda S, Heinrich V, Yamada S. Spatial proximity of proteins surrounding zyxin under force-bearing conditions. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1221-1228. [PMID: 33909446 PMCID: PMC8351546 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing physical forces is a critical first step in mechano-transduction of cells. Zyxin, a LIM domain-containing protein, is recruited to force-bearing actin filaments and is thought to repair and strengthen them. Yet, the precise force-induced protein interactions surrounding zyxin remain unclear. Using BioID analysis, we identified proximal proteins surrounding zyxin under normal and force-bearing conditions by label-free mass spectrometry analysis. Under force-bearing conditions, increased biotinylation of α-actinin 1, α-actinin 4, and AFAP1 were detected, and these proteins accumulated along force-bearing actin fibers independently from zyxin, albeit at a lower intensity than zyxin. VASP also accumulated along force-bearing actin fibers in a zyxin-dependent manner, but the biotinylation of VASP remained constant regardless of force, supporting the model of a free zyxin-VASP complex in the cytoplasm being corecruited to tensed actin fibers. In addition, ARHGAP42, a RhoA GAP, was also identified as a proximal protein of zyxin and colocalized with zyxin along contractile actin bundles. The overexpression of ARHGAP42 reduced the rate of small wound closure, a zyxin-dependent process. These results demonstrate that the application of proximal biotinylation can resolve the proximity and composition of protein complexes as a function of force, which had not been possible with traditional biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joleen S Cheah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616.,Biosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kyle A Jacobs
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tzu Wei Lai
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Reca Caballelo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jacqueline L Yee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuji Ueda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 657
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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4
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Sun X, Phua DYZ, Axiotakis L, Smith MA, Blankman E, Gong R, Cail RC, Espinosa de Los Reyes S, Beckerle MC, Waterman CM, Alushin GM. Mechanosensing through Direct Binding of Tensed F-Actin by LIM Domains. Dev Cell 2020; 55:468-482.e7. [PMID: 33058779 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals transmitted through the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton must be relayed to the nucleus to control gene expression. LIM domains are protein-protein interaction modules found in cytoskeletal proteins and transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify three LIM protein families (zyxin, paxillin, and FHL) whose members preferentially localize to the actin cytoskeleton in mechanically stimulated cells through their tandem LIM domains. A minimal actin-myosin reconstitution system reveals that representatives of all three families directly bind F-actin only in the presence of mechanical force. Point mutations at a site conserved in each LIM domain of these proteins disrupt tensed F-actin binding in vitro and cytoskeletal localization in cells, demonstrating a common, avidity-based mechanism. Finally, we find that binding to tensed F-actin in the cytoplasm excludes the cancer-associated transcriptional co-activator FHL2 from the nucleus in stiff microenvironments. This establishes direct force-activated F-actin binding as a mechanosensing mechanism by which cytoskeletal tension can govern nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Donovan Y Z Phua
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucas Axiotakis
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Smith
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blankman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert C Cail
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Mary C Beckerle
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory M Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Laboratory of Macromolecular Interactions, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Zonderland J, Gomes DB, Pallada Y, Moldero IL, Camarero‐Espinosa S, Moroni L. Mechanosensitive regulation of stanniocalcin-1 by zyxin and actin-myosin in human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:948-959. [PMID: 32379914 PMCID: PMC7497098 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has anti-inflammatory functions, reduces apoptosis, and aids in angiogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its regulation. Here, we show that STC1 secretion is increased only under specific cell-stress conditions. We find that this is due to a change in actin stress fibers and actin-myosin tension. Abolishment of stress fibers by blebbistatin and knockdown of the focal adhesion protein zyxin leads to an increase in STC1 secretion. To also study this connection in 3D, where few focal adhesions and actin stress fibers are present, STC1 expression was analyzed in 3D alginate hydrogels and 3D electrospun scaffolds. Indeed, STC1 secretion was increased in these low cellular tension 3D environments. Together, our data show that STC1 does not directly respond to cell stress, but that it is regulated through mechanotransduction. This research takes a step forward in the fundamental understanding of STC1 regulation and can have implications for cell-based regenerative medicine, where cell survival, anti-inflammatory factors, and angiogenesis are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jip Zonderland
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - David B. Gomes
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Yves Pallada
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ivan L. Moldero
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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6
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Membrane wound healing at single cellular level. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2351-2357. [PMID: 28756092 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a nano-technological method of creating a micrometer sized hole on the live cell membrane using atomic force microscope (AFM) and its resealing process at the single cellular level as a model of molecular level wound healing. First, the cell membrane was fluorescently labeled with Kusabira Orange (KO) which was tagged to a lipophilic membrane-sorting peptide. Then a glass bead glued on an AFM cantilever and modified with phospholipase A2 was made to contact the cell membrane. A small dark hole (4-14 μm2 in area) was created on the otherwise fluorescent cell surface often being accompanied by bleb formation. Refilling of holes with KO fluorescence proceeded at an average rate of ~0.014μm2s-1. The fluorescent lumps which initially surrounded the hole were gradually lost. We compared the present result with our previous ones on the repair processes of artificially damaged stress fibers (Graphical Abstract: Figure S2).
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7
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Ikai A, Afrin R, Saito M, Watanabe-Nakayama T. Atomic force microscope as a nano- and micrometer scale biological manipulator: A short review. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:132-144. [PMID: 28739341 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amazing capacity of atomic force microscope to let us touch the molecular and cellular level samples with a sharp probe stimulated its application to bio-medical field among others. In addition to topographical imaging of the sample surface, a direct mechanical manipulation has attracted innovative minds to develop new methodologies aiming at direct handling of proteins, DNA/RNA, and cells. Measurement of their mechanical properties brought about a vivid picture of their physical nature. Direct handling of individual molecules and cells prompted development of nano-medical applications. This short review summarized recent application of AFM for measurement of mechanical properties of biological samples and attempts to perform direct manipulations of nano-medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikai
- Innovation Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Rehana Afrin
- Innovation Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Saito
- Innovation Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- Innovation Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
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8
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Petropoulos C, Oddou C, Emadali A, Hiriart-Bryant E, Boyault C, Faurobert E, Vande Pol S, Kim-Kaneyama JR, Kraut A, Coute Y, Block M, Albiges-Rizo C, Destaing O. Roles of paxillin family members in adhesion and ECM degradation coupling at invadosomes. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:585-99. [PMID: 27269065 PMCID: PMC4896053 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact functions of all paxillin family members in mechanosensing and adhesion at invadosomes are unclear. Petropoulos et al. show that redundant and specific activities of paxillin and Hic-5 can couple original adhesion and ECM degradation in invadosomes. Invadosomes are acto-adhesive structures able to both bind the extracellular matrix (ECM) and digest it. Paxillin family members—paxillin, Hic-5, and leupaxin—are implicated in mechanosensing and turnover of adhesion sites, but the contribution of each paxillin family protein to invadosome activities is unclear. We use genetic approaches to show that paxillin and Hic-5 have both redundant and distinctive functions in invadosome formation. The essential function of paxillin-like activity is based on the coordinated activity of LD motifs and LIM domains, which support invadosome assembly and morphology, respectively. However, paxillin preferentially regulates invadosome assembly, whereas Hic-5 regulates the coupling between ECM degradation and acto-adhesive functions. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed new partners that are important for paxillin and Hic-5 specificities: paxillin regulates the acto-adhesive machinery through janus kinase 1 (JAK1), whereas Hic-5 controls ECM degradation via IQGAP1. Integrating the redundancy and specificities of paxillin and Hic-5 in a functional complex provides insights into the coupling between the acto-adhesive and ECM-degradative machineries in invadosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petropoulos
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anouk Emadali
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Edwige Hiriart-Bryant
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Scott Vande Pol
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Joo-Ri Kim-Kaneyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant-Biologie à Grande Échelle, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant-Biologie à Grande Échelle, 38000 Grenoble, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Échelle, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Coute
- Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant-Biologie à Grande Échelle, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant-Biologie à Grande Échelle, 38000 Grenoble, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Échelle, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Block
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U823, 38042 Grenoble, France Université Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France Equipe de Recherche Labellisée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5284, 38042 Grenoble, France
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Functions of the Tumor Suppressors p53 and Rb in Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9231057. [PMID: 28078303 PMCID: PMC5203884 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9231057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical microenvironments, such as extracellular matrix stiffness and strain, have crucial roles in cancer progression. Cells sense their microenvironments with mechanosensing biomolecules, which is accompanied by the modulation of actin cytoskeleton structures, and the signals are subsequently transduced downstream as biochemical signals. The tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) are known to prevent cancer progression. The p53 and Rb signaling pathways are disrupted in many types of cancers. Here, we review recent findings about the roles of these tumor suppressors in the regulation of mechanosensing biomolecules and the actin cytoskeleton. We further discuss how dysfunction in the p53- and/or Rb-mediated mechanosignaling pathways is potentially involved in cancer progression. These pathways might provide good targets for developing anticancer therapies.
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10
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Mechanosensitivity of integrin adhesion complexes: role of the consensus adhesome. Exp Cell Res 2015; 343:7-13. [PMID: 26515553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell and tissue stiffness have been known to contribute to both developmental and pathological signalling for some time, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Integrins and their associated adhesion signalling complexes (IACs), which form a nexus between the cell cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, act as a key force sensing and transducing unit in cells. Accordingly, there has been much interest in obtaining a systems-level understanding of IAC composition. Proteomic approaches have revealed the complexity of IACs and identified a large number of components that are regulated by cytoskeletal force. Here we review the function of the consensus adhesome, an assembly of core IAC proteins that emerged from a meta-analysis of multiple proteomic datasets, in the context of mechanosensing. As IAC components have been linked to a variety of diseases involved with rigidity sensing, the field is now in a position to define the mechanosensing function of individual IAC proteins and elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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11
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Emerging properties of adhesion complexes: what are they and what do they do? Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:388-97. [PMID: 25824971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of cell adhesion machinery is central to a wide variety of developmental and pathological processes and occurs primarily within integrin-associated adhesion complexes. Here, we review recent advances that have furthered our understanding of the composition, organisation, and dynamics of these complexes, and provide an updated view on their emerging functions. Key findings are that adhesion complexes contain both core and non-canonical components. As a result of the dramatic increase in the range of components observed in adhesion complexes by proteomics, we comment on newly emerging functions for adhesion signalling. We conclude that, from a cellular or tissue systems perspective, adhesion signalling should be viewed as an emergent property of both the core and non-canonical adhesion complex components.
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12
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Smith MA, Hoffman LM, Beckerle MC. LIM proteins in actin cytoskeleton mechanoresponse. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:575-83. [PMID: 24933506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton assembles into branched networks or bundles to generate mechanical force for critical cellular processes such as establishment of polarity, adhesion, and migration. Stress fibers (SFs) are contractile actomyosin structures that physically couple to the extracellular matrix through integrin-based focal adhesions (FAs), thereby transmitting force into and across the cell. Recently, LIN-11, Isl1, and MEC-3 (LIM) domain proteins have been implicated in mediating this cytoskeletal mechanotransduction. Among the more well-studied LIM domain adapter proteins is zyxin, a dynamic component of both FAs and SFs. Here we discuss recent research detailing the mechanisms by which SFs adjust their structure and composition to balance mechanical forces and suggest ways that zyxin and other LIM domain proteins mediate mechanoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - L M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - M C Beckerle
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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