1
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Matrongolo MJ, Ho-Nguyen KT, Jain M, Ang PS, Reddy A, Schaper S, Tischfield MA. Loss of Twist1 and balanced retinoic acid signaling from the meninges causes cortical folding in mice. Development 2023; 150:dev201381. [PMID: 37590085 PMCID: PMC11296311 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lissencephaly evolved in mice due to effects on neurogenesis and the tangential distribution of neurons. Signaling pathways that help maintain lissencephaly are still poorly understood. We show that inactivating Twist1 in the primitive meninges causes cortical folding in mice. Cell proliferation in the meninges is reduced, causing loss of arachnoid fibroblasts that express Raldh2, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis. Regionalized loss of Raldh2 in the dorsolateral meninges is first detected when folding begins. The ventricular zone expands and the forebrain lengthens at this time due to expansion of apical radial glia. As the cortex expands, regionalized differences in the levels of neurogenesis are coupled with changes to the tangential distribution of neurons. Consequentially, cortical growth at and adjacent to the midline accelerates with respect to more dorsolateral regions, resulting in cortical buckling and folding. Maternal retinoic acid supplementation suppresses cortical folding by normalizing forebrain length, neurogenesis and the tangential distribution of neurons. These results suggest that Twist1 and balanced retinoic acid signaling from the meninges are required to maintain normal levels of neurogenesis and lissencephaly in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Matrongolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Khue-Tu Ho-Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Manav Jain
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Phillip S. Ang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Akash Reddy
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Schaper
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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2
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Sneha NP, Dharshini SAP, Taguchi YH, Gromiha MM. Investigating Neuron Degeneration in Huntington's Disease Using RNA-Seq Based Transcriptome Study. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1801. [PMID: 37761940 PMCID: PMC10530489 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused due to a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. The primary symptoms of HD include motor dysfunction such as chorea, dystonia, and involuntary movements. The primary motor cortex (BA4) is the key brain region responsible for executing motor/movement activities. Investigating patient and control samples from the BA4 region will provide a deeper understanding of the genes responsible for neuron degeneration and help to identify potential markers. Previous studies have focused on overall differential gene expression and associated biological functions. In this study, we illustrate the relationship between variants and differentially expressed genes/transcripts. We identified variants and their associated genes along with the quantification of genes and transcripts. We also predicted the effect of variants on various regulatory activities and found that many variants are regulating gene expression. Variants affecting miRNA and its targets are also highlighted in our study. Co-expression network studies revealed the role of novel genes. Function interaction network analysis unveiled the importance of genes involved in vesicle-mediated transport. From this unified approach, we propose that genes expressed in immune cells are crucial for reducing neuron death in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pragathi Sneha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.P.S.); (S.A.P.D.)
| | - S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.P.S.); (S.A.P.D.)
| | - Y.-h. Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan;
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.P.S.); (S.A.P.D.)
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3
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Wang L, Moonen JR, Cao A, Isobe S, Li CG, Tojais NF, Taylor S, Marciano DP, Chen PI, Gu M, Li D, Harper RL, El-Bizri N, Kim Y, Stankunas K, Rabinovitch M. Dysregulated Smooth Muscle Cell BMPR2-ARRB2 Axis Causes Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2023; 132:545-564. [PMID: 36744494 PMCID: PMC10008520 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) are associated with familial and sporadic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The functional and molecular link between loss of BMPR2 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and PAH pathogenesis warrants further investigation, as most investigations focus on BMPR2 in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Our goal was to determine whether and how decreased BMPR2 is related to the abnormal phenotype of PASMC in PAH. METHODS SMC-specific Bmpr2-/- mice (BKOSMC) were created and compared to controls in room air, after 3 weeks of hypoxia as a second hit, and following 4 weeks of normoxic recovery. Echocardiography, right ventricular systolic pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy were assessed as indices of pulmonary hypertension. Proliferation, contractility, gene and protein expression of PASMC from BKOSMC mice, human PASMC with BMPR2 reduced by small interference RNA, and PASMC from PAH patients with a BMPR2 mutation were compared to controls, to investigate the phenotype and underlying mechanism. RESULTS BKOSMC mice showed reduced hypoxia-induced vasoconstriction and persistent pulmonary hypertension following recovery from hypoxia, associated with sustained muscularization of distal pulmonary arteries. PASMC from mutant compared to control mice displayed reduced contractility at baseline and in response to angiotensin II, increased proliferation and apoptosis resistance. Human PASMC with reduced BMPR2 by small interference RNA, and PASMC from PAH patients with a BMPR2 mutation showed a similar phenotype related to upregulation of pERK1/2 (phosphorylated extracellular signal related kinase 1/2)-pP38-pSMAD2/3 mediating elevation in ARRB2 (β-arrestin2), pAKT (phosphorylated protein kinase B) inactivation of GSK3-beta, CTNNB1 (β-catenin) nuclear translocation and reduction in RHOA (Ras homolog family member A) and RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1). Decreasing ARRB2 in PASMC with reduced BMPR2 restored normal signaling, reversed impaired contractility and attenuated heightened proliferation and in mice with inducible loss of BMPR2 in SMC, decreasing ARRB2 prevented persistent pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Agents that neutralize the elevated ARRB2 resulting from loss of BMPR2 in PASMC could prevent or reverse the aberrant hypocontractile and hyperproliferative phenotype of these cells in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Wang
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan Renier Moonen
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aiqin Cao
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caiyun G Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nancy F Tojais
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David P Marciano
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pin-I Chen
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Harper
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nesrine El-Bizri
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - YuMee Kim
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Departments of Pathology and of Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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4
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Ye D, Liu Y, Pan H, Feng Y, Lu X, Gan L, Wan J, Ye J. Insights into bone morphogenetic proteins in cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125642. [PMID: 36909186 PMCID: PMC9996008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secretory proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins play important roles in embryogenesis, bone morphogenesis, blood vessel remodeling and the development of various organs. In recent years, as research has progressed, BMPs have been found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, cardiac remodeling, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In this review, we summarized the potential roles and related mechanisms of the BMP family in the cardiovascular system and focused on atherosclerosis and PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liren Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Moral-Sanz J, Lewis SA, MacMillan S, Meloni M, McClafferty H, Viollet B, Foretz M, Del-Pozo J, Mark Evans A. AMPK deficiency in smooth muscles causes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born and premature death. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5034. [PMID: 36028487 PMCID: PMC9418192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK has been reported to facilitate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction but, paradoxically, its deficiency precipitates pulmonary hypertension. Here we show that AMPK-α1/α2 deficiency in smooth muscles promotes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born. Accordingly, dual AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in smooth muscles causes premature death of mice after birth, associated with increased muscularisation and remodeling throughout the pulmonary arterial tree, reduced alveolar numbers and alveolar membrane thickening, but with no oedema. Spectral Doppler ultrasound indicates pulmonary hypertension and attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Age-dependent right ventricular pressure elevation, dilation and reduced cardiac output was also evident. KV1.5 potassium currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes were markedly smaller under normoxia, which is known to facilitate pulmonary hypertension. Mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species accumulation was also evident. Importantly, there was no evidence of systemic vasculopathy or hypertension in these mice. Moreover, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was attenuated by AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 deletion without triggering pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sophronia A Lewis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sandy MacMillan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Heather McClafferty
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, Roslin, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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6
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de Lange I, Petersen TB, de Bakker M, Akkerhuis KM, Brugts JJ, Caliskan K, Manintveld OC, Constantinescu AA, Germans T, van Ramshorst J, Umans VAWM, Boersma E, Rizopoulos D, Kardys I. Heart failure subphenotypes based on repeated biomarker measurements are associated with clinical characteristics and adverse events (Bio-SHiFT study). Int J Cardiol 2022; 364:77-84. [PMID: 35714717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify heart failure (HF) subphenotypes using 92 repeatedly measured circulating proteins in 250 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and to investigate their clinical characteristics and prognosis. METHODS Clinical data and blood samples were collected tri-monthly until the primary endpoint (PEP) or censoring occurred, with a maximum of 11 visits. The Olink Cardiovascular III panel was measured in baseline samples and the last two samples before the PEP (in 66 PEP cases), or the last sample before censoring (in 184 PEP-free patients). The PEP comprised cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, Left Ventricular Assist Device implantation, and hospitalization for HF. Cluster analysis was performed on individual biomarker trajectories to identify subphenotypes. Then biomarker profiles and clinical characteristics were investigated, and survival analysis was conducted. RESULTS Clustering revealed three clinically diverse subphenotypes. Cluster 3 was older, with a longer duration of, and more advanced HF, and most comorbidities. Cluster 2 showed increasing levels over time of most biomarkers. In cluster 3, there were elevated baseline levels and increasing levels over time of 16 remaining biomarkers. Median follow-up was 2.2 (1.4-2.5) years. Cluster 3 had a significantly poorer prognosis compared to cluster 1 (adjusted event-free survival time ratio 0.25 (95%CI:0.12-0.50), p < 0.001). Repeated measurements clusters showed incremental prognostic value compared to clusters using single measurements, or clinical characteristics only. CONCLUSIONS Clustering based on repeated biomarker measurements revealed three clinically diverse subphenotypes, of which one has a significantly worse prognosis, therefore contributing to improved (individualized) prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris de Lange
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie de Bakker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kadir Caliskan
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier C Manintveld
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alina A Constantinescu
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van Ramshorst
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Sugioka S, Ikeda S, Harada M, Kishihata M, Al-Huseini I, Kimura T, Ashida N. Effects of constitutively active IKKβ on cardiac development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:169-174. [PMID: 35597154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a major transcription factor regulating cell survival, organ development and inflammation, but its role in cardiac development has been inadequately explored. To examine this function, we generated mice in which IKKβ, an essential kinase for NF-κB activation, was constitutively activated in embryonic cardiomyocytes. For this purpose, we used smooth muscle-22α (SM22α)-Cre mice, which are frequently used for gene recombination in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Embryonic hearts of SM22αCre-CA (constitutively active) IKKβflox/flox mice revealed remarkably thin, spongy and hypoplastic myocardium. In exploring the mechanism, we found that the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) and T-box transcription factor 20 (Tbx20), major regulators of cardiac development, was significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the SM22αCre-CAIKKβflox/flox mice. We also generated NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5) Cre-CAIKKβflox/wt mice since Nkx2.5 is also expressed in embryonic cardiomyocytes and confirmed that the changes in these genes were also observed. These results implicated that the activation of NF-κB affects cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kishihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isehaq Al-Huseini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noboru Ashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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8
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Zhu S, Chen M, Ying Y, Wu Q, Huang Z, Ni W, Wang X, Xu H, Bennett S, Xiao J, Xu J. Versatile subtypes of pericytes and their roles in spinal cord injury repair, bone development and repair. Bone Res 2022; 10:30. [PMID: 35296645 PMCID: PMC8927336 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular regeneration is a challenging topic in tissue repair. As one of the important components of the neurovascular unit (NVU), pericytes play an essential role in the maintenance of the vascular network of the spinal cord. To date, subtypes of pericytes have been identified by various markers, namely the PDGFR-β, Desmin, CD146, and NG2, each of which is involved with spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. In addition, pericytes may act as a stem cell source that is important for bone development and regeneration, whilst specific subtypes of pericyte could facilitate bone fracture and defect repair. One of the major challenges of pericyte biology is to determine the specific markers that would clearly distinguish the different subtypes of pericytes, and to develop efficient approaches to isolate and propagate pericytes. In this review, we discuss the biology and roles of pericytes, their markers for identification, and cell differentiation capacity with a focus on the potential application in the treatment of SCI and bone diseases in orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,Molecular Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yibo Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhiyang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Molecular Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Molecular Pharmacology Research Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Molecular Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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9
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Ang PS, Matrongolo MJ, Tischfield MA. The growth and expansion of meningeal lymphatic networks are affected in craniosynostosis. Development 2021; 149:273882. [PMID: 34908123 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skull malformations are associated with vascular anomalies that can impair fluid balance in the central nervous system. We previously reported that humans with craniosynostosis and mutations in TWIST1 have dural venous sinus malformations. It is still unknown whether meningeal lymphatic networks, which are patterned alongside the venous sinuses, are also affected. We now show that the growth and expansion of meningeal lymphatics are perturbed in Twist1 craniosynostosis models. Changes to the local meningeal environment, including hypoplastic dura and venous malformations, affect the ability of lymphatic networks to sprout and remodel. Dorsal networks along the transverse sinus are hypoplastic with reduced branching. By contrast, basal networks closer to the skull base are more variably affected, showing exuberant growth in some animals suggesting they are compensating for vessel loss in dorsal networks. Injecting a molecular tracer into cerebrospinal fluid reveals significantly less drainage to the deep cervical lymph nodes, indicative of impaired lymphatic function. Collectively, our results show that meningeal lymphatic networks are affected in craniosynostosis, suggesting the clearance of beta-amyloid and waste from the central nervous system may be impeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Ang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Matt J Matrongolo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Max A Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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10
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Vascular Ageing Features Caused by Selective DNA Damage in Smooth Muscle Cell. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2308317. [PMID: 34504640 PMCID: PMC8423575 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2308317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Persistently unrepaired DNA damage has been identified as a causative factor for vascular ageing. We have previously shown that a defect in the function or expression of the DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1 (excision repair cross complement 1) in mice leads to accelerated, nonatherosclerotic ageing of the vascular system from as early as 8 weeks after birth. Removal of ERCC1 from endothelial alone partly explains this ageing, as shown in endothelial-specific Ercc1 knockout mice. In this study, we determined vascular ageing due to DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells, as achieved by smooth muscle-selective genetic removal of ERCC1 DNA repair in mice (SMC-KO: SM22αCre+ Ercc1fl/-). Vascular ageing features in SMC-KO and their wild-type littermates (WT: SM22αCre+ Ercc1fl/+) were examined at the age of 14 weeks and 25 weeks. Both SMC-KO and WT mice were normotensive. Compared to WT, SMC-KO showed a reduced heart rate, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. SMC-KO showed progressive features of nonatherosclerotic vascular ageing as they aged from 14 to 25 weeks. Decreased subcutaneous microvascular dilatation and increased carotid artery stiffness were observed. Vasodilator responses measured in aortic rings in organ baths showed decreased endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent responses, mostly due to decreased NO-cGMP signaling. NADPH oxidase 2 and phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition improved dilations. SMC-KO mice showed elevated levels of various cytokines that indicate a balance shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. In conclusion, SMC-KO mice showed a progressive vascular ageing phenotype in resistant and conduit arteries that is associated with cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction. The changes induced by DNA damage might be limited to VSMC but eventually affect EC-mediated responses. The fact that NADPH oxidase 2 as wells as phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition restores vasodilation suggests that both decreased NO bioavailability and cGMP degradation play a role in local vascular smooth muscle cell ageing induced by DNA damage.
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11
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Pulkkinen HH, Kiema M, Lappalainen JP, Toropainen A, Beter M, Tirronen A, Holappa L, Niskanen H, Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S, Laakkonen JP. BMP6/TAZ-Hippo signaling modulates angiogenesis and endothelial cell response to VEGF. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:129-144. [PMID: 33021694 PMCID: PMC7921060 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The BMP/TGFβ-Smad, Notch and VEGF signaling guides formation of endothelial tip and stalk cells. However, the crosstalk of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling has remained largely unknown. We demonstrate that BMP family members regulate VEGFR2 and Notch signaling, and act via TAZ-Hippo signaling pathway. BMPs were found to be regulated after VEGF gene transfer in C57/Bl6 mice and in a porcine myocardial ischemia model. BMPs 2/4/6 were identified as endothelium-specific targets of VEGF. BMP2 modulated VEGF-mediated endothelial sprouting via Delta like Canonical Notch Ligand 4 (DLL4). BMP6 modulated VEGF signaling by regulating VEGFR2 expression and acted via Hippo signaling effector TAZ, known to regulate cell survival/proliferation, and to be dysregulated in cancer. In a matrigel plug assay in nude mice BMP6 was further demonstrated to induce angiogenesis. BMP6 is the first member of BMP family found to directly regulate both Hippo signaling and neovessel formation. It may thus serve as a target in pro/anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Pulkkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Kiema
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J P Lappalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland and Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Toropainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Beter
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Tirronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - L Holappa
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Niskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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12
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Wei Q, Jiang C, Ye X, Huang X, Jin H, Xu G. Vitreous Proteomics Provides New Insights into Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Pathologic Myopia Choroid Neovascularization. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:786-796. [PMID: 31718389 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protein expression profile of vitreous humor (VH) from pathologic myopic retinoschisis (PMRS) patients with or without intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. VH samples from PMRS patients were subjected to proteomic analysis. Clinical data, including visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length, were recorded, and the fundus optical coherence tomography was performed. Seven PMRS patients were enrolled: 3 PMRS patients as control group, 3 PMRS patients with coexisting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) who developed retinoschisis aggravation after multiple intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injections, and one PMRS patient with coexisting CNV without leakage CNV (CNV-). A total of 310 differentially expressed proteins were identified in these VH samples. The expression of 28 proteins, related to cellular adhesion, protease inhibitors, proangiogenic factors, and antiangiogenic factors, was significantly downregulated in the IVC-treated eyes than in control- and CNV-eyes. α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was significantly upregulated in the IVC-treated eyes. Furthermore, the expression of αA-crystallin and fibrillin-1 was significantly upregulated in both IVC and CNV-eyes than in control eyes. These suggest that multiple IVC injections may increase the VH αSMA concentration, which may contribute to posterior hyaloid membrane or retinal inner limiting membrane contraction. Label-free proteomics is an efficient method to provide further insight into the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Meng L, Liu X, Teng X, Yuan W, Duan L, Meng J, Li J, Zheng Z, Wei Y, Hu S. DAN plays important compensatory roles in systemic-to-pulmonary shunt associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13263. [PMID: 30715799 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Proteins mainly expressed in normal lungs and significantly changed in lungs exposed to systemic-to-pulmonary shunts might be promising targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by congenital heart diseases (PAH/CHD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) in PAH/CHD. METHODS PAH was surgically induced by the combined surgery (right pulmonary artery ligation and left cervical systemic-to-pulmonary shunt) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Exogenous DAN was supplemented by osmotic minipumps. RESULTS Firstly, DAN was significantly decreased in patients with severe PAH/CHD and negatively correlated with pulmonary hemodynamic indices derived from right cardiac catheterization. Secondly, pulmonary hypertensive status and apparent pulmonary vasculopathies of PAH/CHD were surgically reproduced in SD rats. Real time-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that DAN mRNA and protein levels decreased in lungs exposed to systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, and immunofluorescence staining found that DAN was highly expressed in pulmonary arteries of normal lungs but seldom detected in severely remodelling pulmonary arteries, furthermore, plasma levels of DAN in shunted-rats manifested a time-depended decrease and negatively correlated with pulmonary hemodynamic indices. Thirdly, DAN specially reversed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4) on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via BMP2/4-BMPR2-Smad1/5/8-Id1 signalling pathway. Furthermore, continuous supplementation of exogenous DAN protein increased the extent of shunt-associated PAH. CONCLUSION Compensatory decrease of DAN in hypertensive lungs may retard the deterioration of shunt-associated PAH, at least in part, by antagonizing BMP signalling pathway. Furthermore, DAN might be a potential biomarker for PAH/CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liukun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Nanchang China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
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14
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Watterston C, Zeng L, Onabadejo A, Childs SJ. MicroRNA26 attenuates vascular smooth muscle maturation via endothelial BMP signalling. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008163. [PMID: 31091229 PMCID: PMC6538191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As small regulatory transcripts, microRNAs (miRs) act as genetic ‘fine tuners’ of posttranscriptional events, and as genetic switches to promote phenotypic switching. The miR miR26a targets the BMP signalling effector, smad1. We show that loss of miR26a leads to hemorrhage (a loss of vascular stability) in vivo, suggesting altered vascular differentiation. Reduction in miR26a levels increases smad1 mRNA and phospho-Smad1 (pSmad1) levels. We show that increasing BMP signalling by overexpression of smad1 also leads to hemorrhage. Normalization of Smad1 levels through double knockdown of miR26a and smad1 rescues hemorrhage, suggesting a direct relationship between miR26a, smad1 and vascular stability. Using an in vivo BMP genetic reporter and pSmad1 staining, we show that the effect of miR26a on smooth muscle differentiation is non-autonomous; BMP signalling is active in embryonic endothelial cells, but not in smooth muscle cells. Nonetheless, increased BMP signalling due to loss of miR26a results in an increase in acta2-expressing smooth muscle cell numbers and promotes a differentiated smooth muscle morphology. Similarly, forced expression of smad1 in endothelial cells leads to an increase in smooth muscle cell number and coverage. Furthermore, smooth muscle phenotypes caused by inhibition of the BMP pathway are rescued by loss of miR26a. Taken together, our data suggest that miR26a modulates BMP signalling in endothelial cells and indirectly promotes a differentiated smooth muscle phenotype. Our data highlights how crosstalk from BMP-responsive endothelium to smooth muscle is important for smooth muscle differentiation. The structural integrity of a blood vessel is critical to ensure proper vessel support and vascular tone. Vascular smooth cells (vSMCs) are a key component of the vessel wall and, in their mature state, express contractile proteins that help to constrict and relax the vessel in response to blood flow changes. vSMCs differentiate from immature vascular mural cells that lack contractile function. Here, we use a zebrafish model to identify a small microRNA that regulates vascular stabilization. We show that a small regulatory RNA, microRNA26a is enriched in the endothelial lining of the blood vessel wall and, through signalling, communicates to the smooth muscle cell to control its maturation. Providing a mechanistic insight into vSMC differentiation may help develop and produce feasible miR-based pharmaceutical to promote SMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Watterston
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Lei Zeng
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Abidemi Onabadejo
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Childs
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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Moral-Sanz J, Lewis SA, MacMillan S, Ross FA, Thomson A, Viollet B, Foretz M, Moran C, Hardie DG, Evans AM. The LKB1-AMPK-α1 signaling pathway triggers hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction downstream of mitochondria. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/550/eaau0296. [PMID: 30279167 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), which aids ventilation-perfusion matching in the lungs, is triggered by mechanisms intrinsic to pulmonary arterial smooth muscles. The unique sensitivity of these muscles to hypoxia is conferred by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, the inhibition of which has been proposed to trigger HPV through increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Contrary to this model, we have shown that the LKB1-AMPK-α1 signaling pathway is critical to HPV. Spectral Doppler ultrasound revealed that deletion of the AMPK-α1 catalytic subunit blocked HPV in mice during mild (8% O2) and severe (5% O2) hypoxia, whereas AMPK-α2 deletion attenuated HPV only during severe hypoxia. By contrast, neither of these genetic manipulations affected serotonin-induced reductions in pulmonary vascular flow. HPV was also attenuated by reduced expression of LKB1, a kinase that activates AMPK during energy stress, but not after deletion of CaMKK2, a kinase that activates AMPK in response to increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ Fluorescence imaging of acutely isolated pulmonary arterial myocytes revealed that AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 deletion did not affect mitochondrial membrane potential during normoxia or hypoxia. However, deletion of AMPK-α1, but not of AMPK-α2, blocked hypoxia from inhibiting KV1.5, the classical "oxygen-sensing" K+ channel in pulmonary arterial myocytes. We conclude that LKB1-AMPK-α1 signaling pathways downstream of mitochondria are critical for the induction of HPV, in a manner also supported by AMPK-α2 during severe hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sophronia A Lewis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sandy MacMillan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Fiona A Ross
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Carmel Moran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
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16
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MacMillan S, Evans AM. AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 Deletion in Smooth Muscles Does Not Affect the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response or Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure Regulation During Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2018; 9:655. [PMID: 29928235 PMCID: PMC5997817 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is markedly attenuated by AMPK-α1 deletion conditional on the expression of Cre-recombinase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing cells, precipitating marked increases in apnea frequency and duration. It was concluded that ventilatory dysfunction caused by AMPK deficiency was driven by neurogenic mechanisms. However, TH is transiently expressed in other cell types during development, and it is evident that central respiratory depression can also be triggered by myogenic mechanisms that impact blood supply to the brain. We therefore assessed the effect on the HVR and systemic arterial blood pressure of AMPK deletion in vascular smooth muscles. There was no difference in minute ventilation during normoxia. However, increases in minute ventilation during severe hypoxia (8% O2) were, if affected at all, augmented by AMPK-α1 and AMPK-α2 deletion in smooth muscles; despite the fact that hypoxia (8% O2) evoked falls in arterial SpO2 comparable with controls. Surprisingly, these mice exhibited no difference in systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure during normoxia or hypoxia. We conclude that neither AMPK-α1 nor AMPK-α2 are required in smooth muscle for the regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure during hypoxia, and that AMPK-α1 deficiency does not impact the HVR by myogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy MacMillan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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17
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Tamura Y, Phan C, Tu L, Le Hiress M, Thuillet R, Jutant EM, Fadel E, Savale L, Huertas A, Humbert M, Guignabert C. Ectopic upregulation of membrane-bound IL6R drives vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1956-1970. [PMID: 29629897 DOI: 10.1172/jci96462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) in pulmonary arterioles leading to the narrowing of the lumen, right heart failure, and death. Although most studies have supported the notion of a role for IL-6/glycoprotein 130 (gp130) signaling in PAH, it remains unclear how this signaling pathway determines the progression of the disease. Here, we identify ectopic upregulation of membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL6R) on PA-SMCs in PAH patients and in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and demonstrate its key role for PA-SMC accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Using Sm22a-Cre Il6rfl/fl, which lack Il6r in SM22A-expressing cells, we found that these animals are protected against chronic hypoxia-induced PH with reduced PA-SMC accumulation, revealing the potent pro-survival potential of membrane-bound IL6R. Moreover, we determine that treatment with IL6R-specific antagonist reverses experimental PH in two rat models. This therapeutic strategy holds promise for future clinical studies in PAH.
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18
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Dias Bastos PA, Vlahou A, Leite-Moreira A, Santos LL, Ferreira R, Vitorino R. Deciphering the disease-related molecular networks using urine proteomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Guignabert C, Bailly S, Humbert M. Restoring BMPRII functions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: opportunities, challenges and limitations. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:181-190. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1275567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- INSERM U1036, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France
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20
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Morgan EF, Pittman J, DeGiacomo A, Cusher D, de Bakker CMJ, Mroszczyk KA, Grinstaff MW, Gerstenfeld LC. BMPR1A antagonist differentially affects cartilage and bone formation during fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:2096-2105. [PMID: 26990682 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A soluble form of BMP receptor type 1A (mBMPR1A-mFC) acts as an antagonist to endogenous BMPR1A and has been shown to increase bone mass in mice. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of mBMPR1A-mFC on secondary fracture healing. Treatment consisted of 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of mBMPR1A-mFC twice weekly in male C57BL/6 mice. Treatment beginning at 1, 14, and 21 days post-fracture assessed receptor function during endochondral bone formation, at the onset of secondary bone formation, and during coupled remodeling, respectively. Control animals received saline injections. mBMPR1A-mFC treatment initiated on day 1 delayed cartilage maturation in the callus and resulted in large regions of fibrous tissue. Treatment initiated on day 1 also increased the amount of mineralized tissue and up-regulated many bone-associated genes (p = 0.002) but retarded periosteal bony bridging and impaired strength and toughness at day 35 (p < 0.035). Delaying the onset of treatment to day 14 or 21 partially mitigated these effects and produced evidence of accelerated coupled remodeling. These results indicate that inhibition of the BMPR1A-mediated signaling has negative effects on secondary fracture healing that are differentially manifested at different stages of healing and within different cell populations. These effects are most pronounced during the endochondral period and appear to be mediated by selective inhibition of BMPRIA signaling within the periosteum. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2096-2105, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Jason Pittman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | - Anthony DeGiacomo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | - Daniel Cusher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | | | - Keri A Mroszczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Louis C Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
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21
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Zhang J, Link DC. Targeting of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Cre-Recombinase Transgenes Commonly Used to Target Osteoblast Lineage Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2001-2007. [PMID: 27237054 PMCID: PMC5523961 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The targeting specificity of tissue-specific Cre-recombinase transgenes is a key to interpreting phenotypes associated with their use. The Ocn-Cre and Dmp1-Cre transgenes are widely used to target osteoblasts and osteocytes, respectively. Here, we used high-resolution microscopy of bone sections and flow cytometry to carefully define the targeting specificity of these transgenes. These transgenes were crossed with Cxcl12gfp mice to identify Cxcl12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which are a perivascular mesenchymal stromal population implicated in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell maintenance. We show that in addition to osteoblasts, Ocn-Cre targets a majority of CAR cells and arteriolar pericytes. Surprisingly, Dmp1-Cre also targets a subset of CAR cells, in which expression of osteoblast-lineage genes is enriched. Finally, we introduce a new tissue-specific Cre-recombinase, Tagln-Cre, which efficiently targets osteoblasts, a majority of CAR cells, and both venous sinusoidal and arteriolar pericytes. These data show that Ocn-Cre and Dmp1-Cre target broader stromal cell populations than previously appreciated and may aid in the design of future studies. Moreover, these data highlight the heterogeneity of mesenchymal stromal cells in the bone marrow and provide tools to interrogate this heterogeneity. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhu Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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Morrell NW, Bloch DB, ten Dijke P, Goumans MJTH, Hata A, Smith J, Yu PB, Bloch KD. Targeting BMP signalling in cardiovascular disease and anaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:106-20. [PMID: 26461965 PMCID: PMC4886232 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors, known to be essential regulators of embryonic patterning and organogenesis, are also critical for the regulation of cardiovascular structure and function. In addition to their contributions to syndromic disorders including heart and vascular development, BMP signalling is increasingly recognized for its influence on endocrine-like functions in postnatal cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis. In this Review, we discuss several critical and novel aspects of BMP signalling in cardiovascular health and disease, which highlight the cell-specific and context-specific nature of BMP signalling. Based on advancing knowledge of the physiological roles and regulation of BMP signalling, we indicate opportunities for therapeutic intervention in a range of cardiovascular conditions including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as for anaemia of inflammation. Depending on the context and the repertoire of ligands and receptors involved in specific disease processes, the selective inhibition or enhancement of signalling via particular BMP ligands (such as in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively) might be beneficial. The development of selective small molecule antagonists of BMP receptors, and the identification of ligands selective for BMP receptor complexes expressed in the vasculature provide the most immediate opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medicine Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medicine Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jim Smith
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Paul B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Anaesthesia Centre for Critical Care Research, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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23
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Le Hiress M, Tu L, Ricard N, Phan C, Thuillet R, Fadel E, Dorfmüller P, Montani D, de Man F, Humbert M, Huertas A, Guignabert C. Proinflammatory Signature of the Dysfunctional Endothelium in Pulmonary Hypertension. Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor/CD74 Complex. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016. [PMID: 26203495 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0322oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are considered two primary instigators of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). CD74 is a receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). This ligand/receptor complex initiates survival pathways and cell proliferation, and it triggers the synthesis and secretion of major proinflammatory factors and cell adhesion molecules. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the MIF/CD74 signaling pathway is overexpressed in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) and contributes to a proinflammatory endothelial cell (EC) phenotype. METHODS Primary early passage cultures of human ECs isolated from lung tissues obtained from patients with iPAH and controls were examined for their ability to secrete proinflammatory mediators and bind inflammatory cells with or without modulation of the functional activities of the MIF/CD74 complex. In addition, we tested the efficacies of curative treatments with either the MIF antagonist ISO-1 or anti-CD74 neutralizing antibodies on the aberrant proinflammatory EC phenotype in vitro and in vivo and on the progression of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In human lung tissues, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin expressions are markedly up-regulated in the endothelium of distal iPAH pulmonary arteries. Circulating MIF levels are increased in the serum of patients with PAH compared with control subjects, and T-cell lymphocytes represent a source of this overabundance. In addition, CD74 is highly expressed in the endothelium of muscularized pulmonary arterioles and in cultured pulmonary ECs from iPAH, contributing to an exaggerated recruitment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to pulmonary iPAH ECs. Finally, we found that curative treatments with the MIF antagonist ISO-1 or anti-CD74 neutralizing antibodies partially reversed development of pulmonary hypertension in rats and substantially reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS We report here that CD74 and MIF are markedly increased and activated in patients with iPAH, contributing to the abnormal proinflammatory phenotype of pulmonary ECs in iPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morane Le Hiress
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Ricard
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Phan
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,3 AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Frances de Man
- 4 Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Humbert
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,3 AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Alice Huertas
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,3 AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- 1 INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,2 Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, School of Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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24
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Peng HF, Bao XD, Zhang Y, Huang L, Huang HQ. Identification of differentially expressed proteins of brain tissue in response to methamidophos in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:555-565. [PMID: 25827626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methamidophos (MAP), an organophosphorus pesticide used around the world, has been associated with a wide spectrum of toxic effects on organisms in the environment. In this study, the flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was subjected to 10 mg/L MAP for 72 h and 144 h, and the morphological and proteomic changes in the brain were observed, analyzed and compared with those in the non-exposed control group. Under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope, MAP had evidently induced changes in or damage to the flounder tissues. Gas chromatography analysis demonstrated that the MAP residues were significantly accumulated in the flounder brain tissues. Proteomic changes in the brain tissue were revealed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and 27 protein spots were observed to be significantly changed by MAP exposure. The results indicated that the regulated proteins were involved in immune and stress responses, protein biosynthesis and modification, signal transduction, organismal development, and 50% of them are protease. qRT-PCR was used to further detect the corresponding change of transcription. These data may be beneficial to understand the molecular mechanism of MAP toxicity in flounder, be very useful for MAP-resistance screening in flounder culture. According to our results and analyzing, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and granzyme K (GzmK) had taken important part in immune response to MAP-stress and could be biomarkers for MAP-stress in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA
| | - He-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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25
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Yang YM, Yuan H, Edwards JG, Skayian Y, Ochani K, Miller EJ, Sehgal PB. Deletion of STAT5a/b in vascular smooth muscle abrogates the male bias in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice: implications in the human disease. Mol Med 2015; 20:625-38. [PMID: 25470773 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia typically elicits pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mice with a male-dominant phenotype. There is an opposite-sex bias in human PH, with a higher prevalence in women, but greater survival (the "estrogen paradox"). We investigated the involvement of the STAT5a/b species, previously established to mediate sexual dimorphism in other contexts, in the sex bias in PH. Mice with heterozygous or homozygous deletions of the STAT5a/b locus in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were generated in crosses between STAT5a/b(fl/fl) and transgelin (SM22α)-Cre(+/+) parents. Wild-type (wt) males subjected to chronic hypoxia showed significant PH and pulmonary arterial remodeling, with wt females showing minimal changes (a male-dominant phenotype). However, in conditional STAT5(+/-) or STAT5(-/-) mice, hypoxic females showed the severest manifestations of PH (a female-dominant phenotype). Immunofluorescence studies on human lung sections showed that obliterative pulmonary arterial lesions in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) or hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), both male and female, overall had reduced STAT5a/b, reduced PY-STAT5 and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) GTPase atlastin-3 (ATL3). Studies of SMCs and endothelial cell (EC) lines derived from vessels isolated from lungs of male and female IPAH patients and controls revealed instances of coordinate reductions in STAT5a, STAT5b and ATL3 in IPAH-derived cells, including SMCs and ECs from the same patient. Taken together, these data provide the first definitive evidence for a contribution of STAT5a/b to the sex bias in PH in the hypoxic mouse and implicate reduced STAT5 in the pathogenesis of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Yester Skayian
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Kanta Ochani
- Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Edmund J Miller
- Center for Heart and Lung Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Pravin B Sehgal
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
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26
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Thalgott J, Dos-Santos-Luis D, Lebrin F. Pericytes as targets in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Front Genet 2015; 6:37. [PMID: 25763012 PMCID: PMC4327729 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective paracrine Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling between endothelial cells and the neighboring mural cells have been thought to lead to the development of vascular lesions that are characteristic of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of TGF-β signaling in mural cell recruitment and vessel stabilization and how perturbed TGF-β signaling might contribute to defective endothelial-mural cell interaction affecting vessel functionalities. Our recent findings have provided exciting insights into the role of thalidomide, a drug that reduces both the frequency and the duration of epistaxis in individuals with HHT by targeting mural cells. These advances provide opportunities for the development of new therapies for vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Thalgott
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
| | - Damien Dos-Santos-Luis
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
| | - Franck Lebrin
- INSERM, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, UMR CNRS 7241/INSERM U1050, Group Pathological Angiogenesis and Vessel Normalization, Collège de France Paris, France
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27
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Wang RN, Green J, Wang Z, Deng Y, Qiao M, Peabody M, Zhang Q, Ye J, Yan Z, Denduluri S, Idowu O, Li M, Shen C, Hu A, Haydon RC, Kang R, Mok J, Lee MJ, Luu HL, Shi LL. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in development and human diseases. Genes Dis 2014; 1:87-105. [PMID: 25401122 PMCID: PMC4232216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially discovered for their ability to induce bone formation, BMPs are now known to play crucial roles in all organ systems. BMPs are important in embryogenesis and development, and also in maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Mouse knockout models of various components of the BMP signaling pathway result in embryonic lethality or marked defects, highlighting the essential functions of BMPs. In this review, we first outline the basic aspects of BMP signaling and then focus on genetically manipulated mouse knockout models that have helped elucidate the role of BMPs in development. A significant portion of this review is devoted to the prominent human pathologies associated with dysregulated BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Wang
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jordan Green
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youlin Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Qiao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Michael Peabody
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jixing Ye
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjian Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medicine, and Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sahitya Denduluri
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olumuyiwa Idowu
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christine Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alan Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard Kang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James Mok
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue L. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L. Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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28
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Ricard N, Tu L, Le Hiress M, Huertas A, Phan C, Thuillet R, Sattler C, Fadel E, Seferian A, Montani D, Dorfmüller P, Humbert M, Guignabert C. Increased Pericyte Coverage Mediated by Endothelial-Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Interleukin-6 Is a Source of Smooth Muscle–Like Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2014; 129:1586-97. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.007469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Pericytes and their crosstalk with endothelial cells are critical for the development of a functional microvasculature and vascular remodeling. It is also known that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction is intertwined with the initiation and progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 signaling, leads to abnormal microvascular pericyte coverage causing pulmonary arterial medial thickening.
Methods and Results—
In human lung tissues, numbers of pericytes are substantially increased (up to 2-fold) in distal PAH pulmonary arteries compared with controls. Interestingly, human pulmonary pericytes exhibit, in vitro, an accentuated proliferative and migratory response to conditioned media from human idiopathic PAH endothelial cells compared with conditioned media from control cells. Importantly, by using an anti–fibroblast growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody, we attenuated these proliferative and migratory responses, whereas by using an anti–interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody, we decreased the migratory response without affecting the proliferative response. Furthermore, in our murine retinal angiogenesis model, both fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6 administration increased pericyte coverage. Finally, using idiopathic PAH human and NG2DsRedBAC mouse lung tissues, we demonstrated that this increased pericyte coverage contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling as a source of smooth muscle–like cells. Furthermore, we found that transforming growth factor-β, in contrast to fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-6, promotes human pulmonary pericyte differentiation into contractile smooth muscle–like cells.
Conclusions—
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of excessive pericyte coverage in distal pulmonary arteries in human PAH. We also show that this phenomenon is directly linked with pulmonary endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Ly Tu
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Morane Le Hiress
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Alice Huertas
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Carole Phan
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Caroline Sattler
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Elie Fadel
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Andrei Seferian
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - David Montani
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Marc Humbert
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- From the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 999, LabEx Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); University Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (N.R., L.T., M.L.H., A.H., C.P., R.T., C.S., E.F., A.S., D.M., P.D., M.H., C.G.); and Public Hospitals of Paris, Pneumology Service,
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a transmembrane protein related to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and is highly expressed in platelets and endothelial cells. We previously demonstrated its positive role in thrombus formation using a zebrafish thrombosis model. In the present study, we used Bambi-deficient mice and radiation chimeras to evaluate the function of this receptor in the regulation of both hemostasis and thrombosis. We show that Bambi(-/-) and Bambi(+/-) mice exhibit mildly prolonged bleeding times compared with Bambi(+/+) littermates. In addition, using 2 in vivo thrombosis models in mesenterium or cremaster muscle arterioles, we demonstrate that Bambi-deficient mice form unstable thrombi compared with Bambi(+/+) mice. No defects in thrombin generation in Bambi(-/-) mouse plasma could be detected ex vivo. Moreover, the absence of BAMBI had no effect on platelet counts, platelet activation, aggregation, or platelet procoagulant function. Similar to Bambi(-/-) mice, Bambi(-/-) transplanted with Bambi(+/+) bone marrow formed unstable thrombi in the laser-induced thrombosis model that receded more rapidly than thrombi that formed in Bambi(+/+) mice receiving Bambi(-/-) bone marrow transplants. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence for an important role of endothelium rather than platelet BAMBI as a positive regulator of both thrombus formation and stability.
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YANG SHUN, CHOU WEIPING, PEI LING. Effects of propofol on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1177-1183. [PMID: 24223641 PMCID: PMC3820756 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol pretreatment in a rat model protects kidney tissue against IRI. Thirty-two Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups: a sham-operated group, untreated renal IRI group, and low-dose (5 mg/kg) and high-dose (10 mg/kg) propofol-treated groups which were treated with propofol prior to the induction of IRI. The rats were subjected to renal ischemia by bilateral clamping of the pedicles for 50 min, followed by reperfusion. The low-dose and high-dose propofol treatment groups were pretreated via femoral vein injection with a propofol suspension prior to the induction of ischemia/reperfusion. The untreated IRI group showed significantly higher serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared with the sham-operated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly reduced following IRI; however, they significantly increased following propofol administration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) levels were significantly increased in the propofol-treated groups compared with the untreated IRI group. These results suggest that propofol reduces renal oxidative injury and facilitates repair following IRI. Propofol may play a protective role by regulating BMP2 expression in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHUN YANG
- Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000
| | - WEI-PING CHOU
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042,
P.R. China
| | - LING PEI
- Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000
- Correspondence to: Dr Ling Pei, Department of Anesthesiology, First University Hospital of China Medical University, 155 S. Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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31
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Jakobsson L, van Meeteren LA. Transforming growth factor β family members in regulation of vascular function: in the light of vascular conditional knockouts. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1264-70. [PMID: 23454603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are composed of endothelial cells, mural cells (smooth muscle cells and pericytes) and their shared basement membrane. During embryonic development a multitude of signaling components orchestrate the formation of new vessels. The process is highly dependent on correct dosage, spacing and timing of these signaling molecules. As vessels mature some cascades remain active, albeit at very low levels, and may be reactivated upon demand. Members of the Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) protein family are strongly engaged in developmental angiogenesis but are also regulators of vascular integrity in the adult. In humans various genetic alterations within this protein family cause vascular disorders, involving disintegration of vascular integrity. Here we summarize and discuss recent data gathered from conditional and endothelial cell specific genetic loss-of-function of members of the TGF-β family in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Tu L, De Man FS, Girerd B, Huertas A, Chaumais MC, Lecerf F, François C, Perros F, Dorfmüller P, Fadel E, Montani D, Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Guignabert C. A critical role for p130Cas in the progression of pulmonary hypertension in humans and rodents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:666-76. [PMID: 22798315 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0309oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by pulmonary arterial muscularization due to excessive pulmonary vascular cell proliferation and migration, a phenotype dependent upon growth factors and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). p130(Cas) is an adaptor protein involved in several cellular signaling pathways that control cell migration, proliferation, and survival. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that in experimental and human PAH p130(Cas) signaling is overactivated, thereby facilitating the intracellular transmission of signal induced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In patients with PAH, levels of p130(Cas) protein and/or activity are higher in the serum, in the walls of distal pulmonary arteries, in cultured smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs), and in pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) than in control subjects. These abnormalities in the p130(Cas) signaling were also found in the chronically hypoxic mice and monocrotaline-injected rats as models of human PAH. We obtained evidence for the convergence and amplification of the growth-stimulating effect of the EGF-, FGF2-, and PDGF-signaling pathways via the p130(Cas) signaling pathway. We found that daily treatment with the EGF-R inhibitor gefitinib, the FGF-R inhibitor dovitinib, and the PDGF-R inhibitor imatinib started 2 weeks after a subcutaneous monocrotaline injection substantially attenuated the abnormal increase in p130(Cas) and ERK1/2 activation and regressed established pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that p130(Cas) signaling plays a critical role in experimental and idiopathic PAH by modulating pulmonary vascular cell migration and proliferation and by acting as an amplifier of RTK downstream signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR 999, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 133 Avenue de la Resistance, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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33
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Basson MA. Signaling in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012; 4:cshperspect.a008151. [PMID: 22570373 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All the information to make a complete, fully functional living organism is encoded within the genome of the fertilized oocyte. How is this genetic code translated into the vast array of cellular behaviors that unfold during the course of embryonic development, as the zygote slowly morphs into a new organism? Studies over the last 30 years or so have shown that many of these cellular processes are driven by secreted or membrane-bound signaling molecules. Elucidating how the genetic code is translated into instructions or signals during embryogenesis, how signals are generated at the correct time and place and at the appropriate level, and finally, how these instructions are interpreted and put into action, are some of the central questions of developmental biology. Our understanding of the causes of congenital malformations and disease has improved substantially with the rapid advances in our knowledge of signaling pathways and their regulation during development. In this article, I review some of the signaling pathways that play essential roles during embryonic development. These examples show some of the mechanisms used by cells to receive and interpret developmental signals. I also discuss how signaling pathways downstream from these signals are regulated and how they induce specific cellular responses that ultimately affect cell fate and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Albert Basson
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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34
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Kruithof BPT, Duim SN, Moerkamp AT, Goumans MJ. TGFβ and BMP signaling in cardiac cushion formation: lessons from mice and chicken. Differentiation 2012; 84:89-102. [PMID: 22656450 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cushion formation is crucial for both valvular and septal development. Disruption in this process can lead to valvular and septal malformations, which constitute the largest part of congenital heart defects. One of the signaling pathways that is important for cushion formation is the TGFβ superfamily. The involvement of TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways in cardiac cushion formation has been intensively studied using chicken in vitro explant assays and in genetically modified mice. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the role of TGFβ and BMP signaling components in cardiac cushion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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35
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BMP signaling in vascular diseases. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1993-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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White JJ, Reeber SL, Hawkes R, Sillitoe RV. Wholemount immunohistochemistry for revealing complex brain topography. J Vis Exp 2012:e4042. [PMID: 22508094 DOI: 10.3791/4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The repeated and well-understood cellular architecture of the cerebellum make it an ideal model system for exploring brain topography. Underlying its relatively uniform cytoarchitecture is a complex array of parasagittal domains of gene and protein expression. The molecular compartmentalization of the cerebellum is mirrored by the anatomical and functional organization of afferent fibers. To fully appreciate the complexity of cerebellar organization we previously refined a wholemount staining approach for high throughput analysis of patterning defects in the mouse cerebellum. This protocol describes in detail the reagents, tools, and practical steps that are useful to successfully reveal protein expression patterns in the adult mouse cerebellum by using wholemount immunostaining. The steps highlighted here demonstrate the utility of this method using the expression of zebrinII/aldolaseC as an example of how the fine topography of the brain can be revealed in its native three-dimensional conformation. Also described are adaptations to the protocol that allow for the visualization of protein expression in afferent projections and large cerebella for comparative studies of molecular topography. To illustrate these applications, data from afferent staining of the rat cerebellum are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J White
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, USA
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Kuang T, Wang J, Zeifman A, Pang B, Huang X, Burg ED, Yuan JXJ, Wang C. Combination use of sildenafil and simvastatin increases BMPR-II signal transduction in rats with monocrotaline-mediated pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2011; 1:111-4. [PMID: 22034597 PMCID: PMC3198628 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.78102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuguang Kuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, China
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Bone morphogenic protein-4 induces endothelial cell apoptosis through oxidative stress-dependent p38MAPK and JNK pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:237-44. [PMID: 22064324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a new pro-inflammatory marker, is increased by disturbed flow in endothelial cells (ECs). BMP4 stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes endothelial cell dysfunction. The present study examined BMP4-induced apoptosis in ECs and isolated arteries from rat, mouse, and human, and the signaling pathways mediating BMP4-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry to detect Annexin-V positive cells, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end (TUNEL) labeling. The superoxide production was measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence. BMP4 induced EC apoptosis in human mesenteric arteries, mouse aortic endothelium, rat primary ECs, and human ECs. BMP4-induced EC apoptosis was mediated through ROS production by activation of NADPH oxidase, which led to cleaved caspase-3 expression. BMP4 also induced sequential activation of p38 MAPK and JNK which was upstream of caspase 3 activation. Knockdown of BMP receptor 1A by lentiviral shRNA or NOX4 siRNA transfection inhibited BMP4-induced ROS production, p38 and JNK phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation in ECs. JNK siRNA inhibited BMP4-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation. The present study delineates that BMP4 causes EC apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 in a ROS/p38MAPK/JNK-dependent signaling cascade.
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39
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Wang YK, Yu X, Cohen DM, Wozniak MA, Yang MT, Gao L, Eyckmans J, Chen CS. Bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced signaling and osteogenesis is regulated by cell shape, RhoA/ROCK, and cytoskeletal tension. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:1176-86. [PMID: 21967638 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is classically thought to be mediated by different cytokines such as the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Here, we report that cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM), and its effects on cell shape and cytoskeletal mechanics, regulates BMP-induced signaling and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Using micropatterned substrates to progressively restrict cell spreading and flattening against ECM, we demonstrated that BMP-induced osteogenesis is progressively antagonized with decreased cell spreading. BMP triggered rapid and sustained RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activity and contractile tension only in spread cells, and this signaling was required for BMP-induced osteogenesis. Exploring the molecular basis for this effect, we found that restricting cell spreading, reducing ROCK signaling, or inhibiting cytoskeletal tension prevented BMP-induced SMA/mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)1 c-terminal phosphorylation, SMAD1 dimerization with SMAD4, and SMAD1 translocation into the nucleus. Together, these findings demonstrate the direct involvement of cell spreading and RhoA/ROCK-mediated cytoskeletal tension generation in BMP-induced signaling and early stages of in vitro osteogenesis, and highlight the essential interplay between biochemical and mechanical cues in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Lopes M, Goupille O, Saint Cloment C, Lallemand Y, Cumano A, Robert B. Msx genes define a population of mural cell precursors required for head blood vessel maturation. Development 2011; 138:3055-66. [PMID: 21693521 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vessels are primarily formed from an inner endothelial layer that is secondarily covered by mural cells, namely vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in arteries and veins and pericytes in capillaries and veinules. We previously showed that, in the mouse embryo, Msx1(lacZ) and Msx2(lacZ) are expressed in mural cells and in a few endothelial cells. To unravel the role of Msx genes in vascular development, we have inactivated the two Msx genes specifically in mural cells by combining the Msx1(lacZ), Msx2(lox) and Sm22α-Cre alleles. Optical projection tomography demonstrated abnormal branching of the cephalic vessels in E11.5 mutant embryos. The carotid and vertebral arteries showed an increase in caliber that was related to reduced vascular smooth muscle coverage. Taking advantage of a newly constructed Msx1(CreERT2) allele, we demonstrated by lineage tracing that the primary defect lies in a population of VSMC precursors. The abnormal phenotype that ensues is a consequence of impaired BMP signaling in the VSMC precursors that leads to downregulation of the metalloprotease 2 (Mmp2) and Mmp9 genes, which are essential for cell migration and integration into the mural layer. Improper coverage by VSMCs secondarily leads to incomplete maturation of the endothelial layer. Our results demonstrate that both Msx1 and Msx2 are required for the recruitment of a population of neural crest-derived VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lopes
- Institut Pasteur, Génétique Moléculaire de la Morphogenèse, CNRS URA 2578, Paris, France
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41
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Abstract
Genetic and functional studies indicate that common components of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway play critical roles in regulating vascular development in the embryo and in promoting vascular homeostasis and disease in the adult. However, discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo findings and distinct functional properties of the BMP signaling pathway in different vascular beds, have led to controversies in the field that have been difficult to reconcile. This review attempts to clarify some of these issues by providing an up to date overview of the biology and genetics of BMP signaling relevant to the intact vasculature.
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42
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Klaus A, Birchmeier W. Developmental signaling in myocardial progenitor cells: a comprehensive view of Bmp- and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Pediatr Cardiol 2009; 30:609-16. [PMID: 19099173 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-008-9352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The tight regulation of different signaling systems and the transcriptional and translational networks during embryonic development have been the focus of embryologists in recent decades. Defective developmental signaling due to genetic mutation or temporal and region-specific alteration of gene expression causes embryonic lethality or accounts for birth defects (e.g., congenital heart disease). The formation of the heart requires the coordinated integration of multiple cardiac progenitor cell populations derived from the first and second heart fields and from cardiac neural crest cells. This article summarizes what has been learned from conditional mutagenesis of Bmp pathway components and the Wnt effector, beta-catenin, in the developing heart of mice. Although Bmp signaling is required for cardiac progenitor cell specification, proliferation, and differentiation, recent studies have demonstrated distinct functions of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling at various stages of heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Klaus
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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43
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Csiszar A, Lehoux S, Ungvari Z. Hemodynamic forces, vascular oxidative stress, and regulation of BMP-2/4 expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1683-97. [PMID: 19320562 PMCID: PMC2842584 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the hemodynamic environment (e.g., hypertension, disturbed-flow conditions) are known to promote atherogenesis by inducing proinflammatory phenotypic alterations in endothelial and smooth muscle cells; however, the mechanisms underlying mechanosensitive induction of inflammatory gene expression are not completely understood. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4 (BMP-2/4) are TGF-beta superfamily cytokines that are expressed by both endothelial and smooth muscle cells and regulate a number of cellular processes involved in atherogenesis, including vascular calcification and endothelial activation. This review considers how hemodynamic forces regulate BMP-2/4 expression and explores the role of mechanosensitive generation of reactive oxygen species by NAD(P)H oxidases in the control of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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Kutcher ME, Herman IM. The pericyte: cellular regulator of microvascular blood flow. Microvasc Res 2009; 77:235-46. [PMID: 19323975 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system - through its development, response to injury, and remodeling during disease - constitutes one of the key organ systems sustaining normal human physiology; conversely, its dysregulation also underlies multiple pathophysiologic processes. Regulation of vascular endothelial cell function requires the integration of complex signals via multiple cell types, including arterial smooth muscle, capillary and post-capillary pericytes, and other perivascular cells such as glial and immune cells. Here, we focus on the pericyte and its roles in microvascular remodeling, reviewing current concepts in microvascular pathophysiology and offering new insights into the specific roles that pericyte-dependent signaling pathways may play in modulating endothelial growth and microvascular tone during pathologic angiogenesis and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Kutcher
- Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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