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Yuan W, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Yan T, Liu Z, Ma X, Weng X. Analysis of the pluripotent and germline marker gene expression, and the state of X chromosome reactivation of primordial germ cells in pig gonads. Theriogenology 2024; 231:52-61. [PMID: 39413538 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
The gonadal primordial germ cells (PGCs) possess a unique state of pluripotency and X chromosome activity. However, extensive evidence indicates developmental variability in PGCs across different species. This study aims to evaluate the pluripotency status, specific gene expression patterns, and X chromosome reactivation (XCR) of pig gonadal PGCs. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed significant heterogeneity within the population of gonadal PGCs. Notably, these PGCs expressed high levels of pluripotency markers OCT4, PRDM14, and NANOG, while lacking SOX2 expression. Through the screening of marker genes and subsequent protein expression validation, we identified growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) as a specific surface marker for pig gonadal PGCs, facilitating their efficient purification for further study. Furthermore, analysis of gonadal PGCs demonstrated complete XCR. This was evidenced by the absence of repressive histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H2AK119ub), the lack of X inactive specific transcript (XIST) RNA FISH signal, and the doubled expression of X-linked genes. Additionally, these PGCs expressed high levels of genes associated with epigenetic modification, chromatin remodeling, and XIST-associated RNA-binding. These factors likely play a crucial role in regulating pluripotency and X chromosome activity. In summary, this study reveals the heterogeneity in pig gonadal PGCs and identifies GDF3 as a specific surface marker. It also elucidates the expression patterns of pluripotency transcription factors and the events involved in XCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhishan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tingsheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Xinghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Breeding and Farming of Pig in Northern Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Li S, Gui J, Passarelli MN, Andrew AS, Sullivan KM, Cornell KA, Traynor BJ, Stark A, Chia R, Kuenzler RM, Pioro EP, Bradley WG, Stommel EW. Genome-Wide and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies on Northern New England and Ohio Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cohorts. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200188. [PMID: 39246739 PMCID: PMC11380502 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-associated, fatal neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive paralysis and respiratory failure. The genetic architecture of ALS is still largely unknown. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to understand genetic risk factors for ALS using a population-based case-control study of 435 ALS cases and 279 controls from Northern New England and Ohio. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted using the Illumina NeuroChip array. Odds ratios were estimated using covariate-adjusted logistic regression. We also performed a genome-wide SNP-smoking interaction screening. TWAS analyses used PrediXcan to estimate associations between predicted gene expression levels across 15 tissues (13 brain tissues, skeletal muscle, and whole blood) and ALS risk. Results GWAS analyses identified the p.A382T missense variant (rs367543041, p = 3.95E-6) in the TARDBP gene, which has previously been reported in association with increased ALS risk and was found to share a close affinity with the Sardinian haplotype. Both GWAS and TWAS analyses suggested that ZNF235 is associated with decreased ALS risk. Discussion Our results support the need for future evaluation to clarify the role of these potential genetic risk factors for ALS and to understand genetic susceptibility to environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Li
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Jiang Gui
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Kathleen M Sullivan
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Kevin A Cornell
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Ali Stark
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Ruth Chia
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Rebecca M Kuenzler
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Erik P Pioro
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Walter G Bradley
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- From the Departments of Biomedical Data Science (S.L., J.G.), Epidemiology (S.L., M.N.P.), and Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth (E.W.S.), Dartmouth College, Hanover; Dartmouth Health (A.S.A., K.M.S., K.A.C., E.W.S.), Lebanon, NH; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (B.J.T., A.S., R.C.), National Institute on Aging; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (B.J.T.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory (B.J.T.), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD; Cleveland Clinic (R.M.K.), OH; Department of Medicine (E.P.P.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (W.G.B.), FL
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Jang IH, Kruglov V, Cholensky SH, Smith DM, Carey A, Bai S, Nottoli T, Bernlohr DA, Camell CD. GDF3 promotes adipose tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation via altered chromatin accessibility during aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.23.614375. [PMID: 39386655 PMCID: PMC11463477 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.23.614375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Age-related susceptibility to sepsis and endotoxemia is poorly defined, although hyperactivation of the immune system and the expansion of the visceral adipose as an immunological reservoir are underlying features. Macrophages from older organisms exhibit substantial changes, including chronic NLRP3 inflammasome activation, genomic remodeling and a dysfunctional, amplified inflammatory response upon new exposure to pathogen. However, the mechanisms by which old macrophages maintain their inflammatory phenotype during endotoxemia remains elusive. We previously identified Gdf3 , a TGFβ superfamily cytokine, as a top-regulated gene by age and the NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Here, we demonstrate that endotoxemia increases inflammatory (CD11c + ) ATMs in a Gdf3- dependent manner in old mice. Lifelong systemic or myeloid-specific deletion of Gdf3 leads to reduced endotoxemia- induced inflammation, with decreased CD11c + ATMs and inflammatory cytokines, and protection from hypothermia. Moreover, acute blockade of Gdf3 using JQ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, phenocopies old mice with lifelong Gdf3- deficiency. We show that GDF3 promotes the inflammatory phenotype in ATMs by phosphorylating SMAD2/3. Mechanistically, the differential chromatin landscape of ATMs from old mice with or without myeloid-driven Gdf3 indicates that GDF3- SMAD2/3 signaling axis shifts the chromatin accessibility of ATMs towards an inflammatory state during aging. Furthermore, pharmaceutical inhibition of SMAD3 with a specific inhibitor of SMAD3 (SIS3) mimics Gdf3 deletion. SIS3 reduces endotoxemia-mediated inflammation with fewer CD11c + ATMs and less severe hypothermia in old, but not young mice, as well as reduced mortality. In human adipose tissue, age positively correlates with GDF3 level, while inflammation correlates with pSMAD2/3 level. Overall, these results highlight the importance of GDF3-SMAD2/3 axis in driving inflammation in older organisms and identify this signaling axis as a promising therapeutic target for mitigating endotoxemia-related inflammation in the aged.
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Du YN, Zhao JW. GDF15: Immunomodulatory Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1171-1183. [PMID: 38911292 PMCID: PMC11193986 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s471239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Evidence shows that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis through various mechanisms. This paper reviews the latest insights into the role of GDF15 in the development of HCC, its role in the immune microenvironment of HCC, and its molecular mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-related HCC. Additionally, as a serum biomarker for HCC, diagnostic and prognostic value of GDF15 for HCC is summarized. The article elaborates on the immunological effects of GDF15, elucidating its effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver fibrosis, as well as its role in HCC metastasis and tumor angiogenesis, and its interactions with anticancer drugs. Based on the impact of GDF15 on the immune response in HCC, future research should identify its signaling pathways, affected immune cells, and tumor microenvironment interactions. Clinical studies correlating GDF15 levels with patient outcomes can aid personalized treatment. Additionally, exploring GDF15-targeted therapies with immunotherapies could improve anti-tumor responses and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Du
- Department of Medical Sciences, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
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Cardenas RP, Zyoud A, McIntyre A, Alberio R, Mongan NP, Allegrucci C. NANOG controls testicular germ cell tumour stemness through regulation of MIR9-2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:128. [PMID: 38693576 PMCID: PMC11062916 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) represent a clinical challenge; they are most prevalent in young individuals and are triggered by molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. The origin of TGCTs can be traced back to primordial germ cells that fail to mature during embryonic development. These cells express high levels of pluripotency factors, including the transcription factor NANOG which is highly expressed in TGCTs. Gain or amplification of the NANOG locus is common in advanced tumours, suggesting a key role for this master regulator of pluripotency in TGCT stemness and malignancy. METHODS In this study, we analysed the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by NANOG in TGCTs via integrated bioinformatic analyses of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and NANOG chromatin immunoprecipitation in human embryonic stem cells. Through gain-of-function experiments, MIR9-2 was further investigated as a novel tumour suppressor regulated by NANOG. After transfection with MIR9-2 mimics, TGCT cells were analysed for cell proliferation, invasion, sensitivity to cisplatin, and gene expression signatures by RNA sequencing. RESULTS For the first time, we identified 86 miRNAs regulated by NANOG in TGCTs. Among these, 37 miRNAs were differentially expressed in NANOG-high tumours, and they clustered TGCTs according to their subtypes. Binding of NANOG within 2 kb upstream of the MIR9-2 locus was associated with a negative regulation. Low expression of MIR9-2 was associated with tumour progression and MIR9-2-5p was found to play a role in the control of tumour stemness. A gain of function of MIR9-2-5p was associated with reduced proliferation, invasion, and sensitivity to cisplatin in both embryonal carcinoma and seminoma tumours. MIR9-2-5p expression in TGCT cells significantly reduced the expression of genes regulating pluripotency and cell division, consistent with its functional effect on reducing cancer stemness. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new molecular insights into the role of NANOG as a key determinant of pluripotency in TGCTs through the regulation of MIR9-2-5p, a novel epigenetic modulator of cancer stemness. Our data also highlight the potential negative feedback mediated by MIR9-2-5p on NANOG expression, which could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Cardenas
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ahmad Zyoud
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Centre for Cancer Sciences and Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Centre for Cancer Sciences and Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- SVMS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Sciences and Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Liu S, Han C, Zhang Y. De novo assembly, characterization and comparative transcriptome analysis of gonads reveals sex-biased genes in Coreoperca whiteheadi. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101115. [PMID: 37579624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The wild Coreoperca whiteheadi is considered as the primordial species in sinipercine fish, which has valuable genetic information. Unfortunately, C. whiteheadi was listed as a near-threatened species because of the environmental pollution, over-exploitation and species invasion. Therefore, more genetic information is needed to have a better understanding of gonadal development in C. whiteheadi. Here, the first gonadal transcriptomes analysis of C. whiteheadi was conducted and 277.14 million clean reads were generated. A total of 96,753 unigenes were successfully annotated. By comparing ovary and testis transcriptomes, a total of 21,741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 12,057 were upregulated and 9684 were downregulated in testes. Among them, we also identified about 53 differentially expressed sex-biased genes. Subsequently, the expression of twenty-four DEGs were confirmed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the histological analysis was conducted on ovaries and testes of one-year-old C. whiteheadi. Our results provided basic support for further studies on the function of sex-biased genes and the molecular mechanism of sex determination and reproduction in C. whiteheadi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266373, China.
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Moghaddam ST, Forghanifard MM. Clinicopathological relevance of stem cell marker growth and differentiation factor 3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:217-226. [PMID: 37205315 PMCID: PMC10185436 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Iran, often diagnosed in advanced stages with a poor prognosis. Growth and differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It acts as an inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling pathway associated with pluripotent embryonic and cancer stem cells (CSCs) characteristics. Since its expression in ESCC has not yet been evaluated, the clinicopathological relevance of GDF3 expression was elucidated in ESCC patients. Expression of GDF3 in tumor tissues from 40 ESCC patients was compared to the related margin normal tissues by relatively comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the endogenous control. Likewise, the function of GDF3 in the differentiation and development of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) was also reviewed. GDF3 was significantly overexpressed in 17.5% of tumors and a significant correlation between GDF3 expression and the depth of tumor invasion was observed (P = 0.032). The results suggest that GDF3 expression is likely to have substantial roles in the progression and invasiveness behavior of ESCC. Having considered the importance of CSC markers identification and their exploitation in targeted cancer therapy, GDF3 may be introduced as a promising therapeutic target to inhibit the invasion of tumor cells in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tahbazzadeh Moghaddam
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
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8
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Masurkar N, Bouvet M, Logeart D, Jouve C, Dramé F, Claude O, Roux M, Delacroix C, Bergerot D, Mercadier JJ, Sirol M, Gellen B, Livrozet M, Fayol A, Robidel E, Trégouët DA, Marazzi G, Sassoon D, Valente M, Hulot JS. Novel Cardiokine GDF3 Predicts Adverse Fibrotic Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2023; 147:498-511. [PMID: 36484260 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) induces a repair response that ultimately generates a stable fibrotic scar. Although the scar prevents cardiac rupture, an excessive profibrotic response impairs optimal recovery by promoting the development of noncontractile fibrotic areas. The mechanisms that lead to cardiac fibrosis are diverse and incompletely characterized. We explored whether the expansion of cardiac fibroblasts after MI can be regulated through a paracrine action of cardiac stromal cells. METHODS We performed a bioinformatic secretome analysis of cardiac stromal PW1+ cells isolated from normal and post-MI mouse hearts to identify novel secreted proteins. Functional assays were used to screen secreted proteins that promote fibroblast proliferation. The expressions of candidates were subsequently analyzed in mouse and human hearts and plasmas. The relationship between levels of circulating protein candidates and adverse post-MI cardiac remodeling was examined in a cohort of 80 patients with a first ST-segment-elevation MI and serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging evaluations. RESULTS Cardiac stromal PW1+ cells undergo a change in paracrine behavior after MI, and the conditioned media from these cells induced a significant increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts. We identified a total of 12 candidates as secreted proteins overexpressed by cardiac PW1+ cells after MI. Among these factors, GDF3 (growth differentiation factor 3), a member of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) family, was markedly upregulated in the ischemic hearts. Conditioned media specifically enriched with GDF3 induced fibroblast proliferation at a high level by stimulation of activin-receptor-like kinases. In line with the secretory nature of this protein, we next found that GDF3 can be detected in mice and human plasma samples, with a significant increase in the days after MI. In humans, higher GDF3 circulating levels (measured in the plasma at day 4 after MI) were significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse remodeling 6 months after MI (adjusted odds ratio, 1.76 [1.03-3.00]; P=0.037), including lower left ventricular ejection fraction and a higher proportion of akinetic segments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a mechanism for the profibrotic action of cardiac stromal cells through secreted cardiokines, such as GDF3, a candidate marker of adverse fibrotic remodeling after MI. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT01113268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Masurkar
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Marion Bouvet
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Damien Logeart
- Hôpital Lariboisière (D.L., M.S.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Charlène Jouve
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Fatou Dramé
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Olivier Claude
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Maguelonne Roux
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institute of Cardio Metabolism and Nutrition, France (M.R.)
| | - Clément Delacroix
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Damien Bergerot
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France (D.B., M.L., A.F., J.-S.H.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Mercadier
- Signalisation and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology - Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (J.-J.M.)
| | - Marc Sirol
- Hôpital Lariboisière (D.L., M.S.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Barnabas Gellen
- ELSAN, Polyclinique de Poitiers, Service de Cardiologie, France (B.G.)
| | - Marine Livrozet
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France (D.B., M.L., A.F., J.-S.H.)
| | - Antoine Fayol
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France (D.B., M.L., A.F., J.-S.H.)
| | - Estelle Robidel
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- INSERM UMR_S 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, France (D.-A.T.)
| | - Giovanna Marazzi
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - David Sassoon
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Mariana Valente
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM (N.M., M.B., C.J., F.D., O.C., C.D., E.R., G.M., D.S., M.V., J.-S.H.), Université de Paris, Cité' France.,CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France (D.B., M.L., A.F., J.-S.H.)
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9
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Bouchereau W, Jouneau L, Archilla C, Aksoy I, Moulin A, Daniel N, Peynot N, Calderari S, Joly T, Godet M, Jaszczyszyn Y, Pratlong M, Severac D, Savatier P, Duranthon V, Afanassieff M, Beaujean N. Major transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolic changes underlie the pluripotency continuum in rabbit preimplantation embryos. Development 2022; 149:276385. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Despite the growing interest in the rabbit model for developmental and stem cell biology, the characterization of embryos at the molecular level is still poorly documented. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of rabbit preimplantation embryos from E2.7 (morula stage) to E6.6 (early primitive streak stage) using bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing. In parallel, we studied oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, and analysed active and repressive epigenetic modifications during blastocyst formation and expansion. We generated a transcriptomic, epigenetic and metabolic map of the pluripotency continuum in rabbit preimplantation embryos, and identified novel markers of naive pluripotency that might be instrumental for deriving naive pluripotent stem cell lines. Although the rabbit is evolutionarily closer to mice than to primates, we found that the transcriptome of rabbit epiblast cells shares common features with those of humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Bouchereau
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Catherine Archilla
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Irène Aksoy
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Anais Moulin
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Nathalie Peynot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Sophie Calderari
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Thierry Joly
- ISARA-Lyon 4 , F-69007 Lyon , France
- VetAgroSup, UPSP ICE 5 , F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile , France
| | - Murielle Godet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Yan Jaszczyszyn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) 6 , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 7 , 34094 Montpellier , France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM 7 , 34094 Montpellier , France
| | - Pierre Savatier
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Véronique Duranthon
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED 2 , 78350 Jouy-en-Josas , France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED 3 , 94700 Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Marielle Afanassieff
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
| | - Nathalie Beaujean
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361 1 , F-69500 Bron , France
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10
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de Castro Alves CE, de Melo SA, de Melo Silva J, de Oliveira LC, do Nascimento VA, Santos JHA, Naveca FG, Pontes GS. Increased Serum Levels of Growth-Differentiation Factor 3 (GDF3) and Inflammasome-Related Markers in Pregnant Women during Acute Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051004. [PMID: 35632746 PMCID: PMC9145598 DOI: 10.3390/v14051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response elicited by acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy plays a key role in the clinical outcomes in mothers and congenitally infected offspring. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of GDF-3 and inflammasome-related markers in pregnant women during acute ZIKV infection. Serum samples from pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant (n = 22) women with acute ZIKV infection were assessed for NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and GDF3 markers through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ZIKV-negative pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant women (n = 15) were used as control groups. All serum markers were highly elevated in the ZIKV-infected groups in comparison with control groups (p < 0.0001). Among the ZIKV-infected groups, the serum markers were significantly augmented in the pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women (NLRP3 p < 0.001; IL-1β, IL-18, and GDF3 p < 0.0001). The IL-18 marker was found at significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a strong positive correlation between GDF3 and NLRP3 markers among ZIKV-infected pregnant women (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). The findings indicated that acute ZIKV infection during pregnancy induces the overexpression of GDF-3 and inflammasome-related markers, which may contribute to congenital disorders and harmful pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Sabrina Araújo de Melo
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Jean de Melo Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
| | - Leonardo Calheiros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Valdinete Alves do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil; (V.A.d.N.); (F.G.N.)
| | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil; (V.A.d.N.); (F.G.N.)
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Effects of neonatal methoxychlor exposure on the ovarian transcriptome in piglets. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 238:106956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Li H, Xu W, Xiang S, Tao L, Fu W, Liu J, Liu W, Xiao Y, Peng L. Defining the Pluripotent Marker Genes for Identification of Teleost Fish Cell Pluripotency During Reprogramming. Front Genet 2022; 13:819682. [PMID: 35222539 PMCID: PMC8874021 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.819682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency is a transient state in early embryos, which is regulated by an interconnected network of pluripotency-related genes. The pluripotent state itself seems to be highly dynamic, which leads to significant differences in the description of induced pluripotent stem cells from different species at the molecular level. With the application of cell reprogramming technology in fish, the establishment of a set of molecular standards for defining pluripotency will be important for the research and potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish. In this study, by BLAST search and expression pattern analysis, we screen out four pluripotent genes (Oct4, Nanog, Tdgf1, and Gdf3) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and crucian carp (Carassius). These genes were highly expressed in the short period of early embryonic development, but significantly down-regulated after differentiation. Moreover, three genes (Oct4, Nanog and Tdgf1) have been verified that are suitable for identifying the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells in zebrafish and crucian carp. Our study expands the understanding of the pluripotent markers of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyue Peng,
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13
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Ibáñez CF. Regulation of metabolic homeostasis by the TGF-β superfamily receptor ALK7. FEBS J 2021; 289:5776-5797. [PMID: 34173336 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ALK7 (Activin receptor-like kinase 7) is a member of the TGF-β receptor superfamily predominantly expressed by cells and tissues involved in endocrine functions, such as neurons of the hypothalamus and pituitary, pancreatic β-cells and adipocytes. Recent studies have begun to delineate the processes regulated by ALK7 in these tissues and how these become integrated with the homeostatic regulation of mammalian metabolism. The picture emerging indicates that ALK7's primary function in metabolic regulation is to limit catabolic activities and preserve energy. Aside of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the function of ALK7 elsewhere in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum, where it is abundantly expressed, remains to be elucidated. Although our understanding of the basic molecular events underlying ALK7 signaling has benefited from the vast knowledge available on TGF-β receptor mechanisms, how these connect to the physiological functions regulated by ALK7 in different cell types is still incompletely understood. Findings of missense and nonsense variants in the Acvr1c gene, encoding ALK7, of some mouse strains and human subjects indicate a tolerance to ALK7 loss of function. Recent discoveries suggest that specific inhibitors of ALK7 may have therapeutic applications in obesity and metabolic syndrome without overt adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Ibáñez
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University School of Life Sciences and Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Physiology and Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Hayes K, Kim YK, Pera MF. A case for revisiting Nodal signaling in human pluripotent stem cells. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1137-1144. [PMID: 33932319 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nodal is a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily member that plays a number of critical roles in mammalian embryonic development. Nodal is essential for the support of the peri-implantation epiblast in the mouse embryo and subsequently acts to specify mesendodermal fate at the time of gastrulation and, later, left-right asymmetry. Maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro is dependent on Nodal signaling. Because it has proven difficult to prepare a biologically active form of recombinant Nodal protein, Activin or TGFB1 are widely used as surrogates for NODAL in hPSC culture. Nonetheless, the expression of the components of an endogenous Nodal signaling pathway in hPSC provides a potential autocrine pathway for the regulation of self-renewal in this system. Here we review recent studies that have clarified the role of Nodal signaling in pluripotent stem cell populations, highlighted spatial restrictions on Nodal signaling, and shown that Nodal functions in vivo as a heterodimer with GDF3, another TGF-β superfamily member expressed by hPSC. We discuss the role of this pathway in the maintenance of the epiblast and hPSC in light of these new advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hayes
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Yun-Kyo Kim
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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15
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Ghosh A, Som A. Decoding molecular markers and transcriptional circuitry of naive and primed states of human pluripotency. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102334. [PMID: 33862536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been observed to occur in two distinct states - naive and primed. Both naive and primed state PSCs can give rise to tissues of all the three germ layers in vitro but differ in their potential to generate germline chimera in vivo. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern these two states of pluripotency in human can open a plethora of opportunities for studying early embryonic development and in biomedical applications. In this work, we use weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the key molecular makers and their interactions that define the two distinct pluripotency states. Signed hybrid network was reconstructed from transcriptomic data (RNA-seq) of naive and primed state pluripotent samples. Our analysis revealed two sets of genes that are involved in the establishment and maintenance of naive and primed states. The naive state genes were found to be enriched for biological processes and pathways related to metabolic processes while primed state genes were associated with system development. We further filtered these lists to identify the intra-modular hubs and the hub transcription factors (TFs) for each group. Validation of the identified TFs was carried out using independent microarray datasets and we finally present a list of 52 and 33 TFs as the set of core TFs that are responsible for the induction and maintenance of naive and primed states of pluripotency in human, respectively. Among these, the TFs ZNF275, ZNF232, SP4, and MSANTD3 could be of interest as they were not reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anup Som
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
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16
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Wang P, Mu X, Zhao H, Li Y, Wang L, Wolfe V, Cui SN, Wang X, Peng T, Zingarelli B, Wang C, Fan GC. Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647070. [PMID: 33679812 PMCID: PMC7925632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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17
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Zhao C, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Tuersunjiang N, Gao S, Liu W, Zhang Y. A DNA methylation state transition model reveals the programmed epigenetic heterogeneity in human pre-implantation embryos. Genome Biol 2020; 21:277. [PMID: 33198783 PMCID: PMC7667739 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During mammalian early embryogenesis, expression and epigenetic heterogeneity emerge before the first cell fate determination, but the programs causing such determinate heterogeneity are largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we present MethylTransition, a novel DNA methylation state transition model, for characterizing methylation changes during one or a few cell cycles at single-cell resolution. MethylTransition involves the creation of a transition matrix comprising three parameters that represent the probabilities of DNA methylation-modifying activities in order to link the methylation states before and after a cell cycle. We apply MethylTransition to single-cell DNA methylome data from human pre-implantation embryogenesis and elucidate that the DNA methylation heterogeneity that emerges at promoters during this process is largely an intrinsic output of a program with unique probabilities of DNA methylation-modifying activities. Moreover, we experimentally validate the effect of the initial DNA methylation on expression heterogeneity in pre-implantation mouse embryos. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the programmed DNA methylation heterogeneity during human pre-implantation embryogenesis through a novel mathematical model and provides valuable clues for identifying the driving factors of the first cell fate determination during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Naiqian Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Nuermaimaiti Tuersunjiang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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18
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McMichael BD, Perego MC, Darling CL, Perry RL, Coleman SC, Bain LJ. Long-term arsenic exposure impairs differentiation in mouse embryonal stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1089-1102. [PMID: 33124703 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant found in many foods and drinking water. Exposure to arsenic during development can cause improper neuronal progenitor cell development, differentiation, and function, while in vitro studies have determined that acute arsenic exposure to stem and progenitor cells reduced their ability to differentiate. In the current study, P19 mouse embryonal stem cells were exposed continuously to 0.1-μM (7.5 ppb) arsenic for 32 weeks. A cell lineage array examining messenger RNA (mRNA) changes after 8 and 32 weeks of exposure showed that genes involved in pluripotency were increased, whereas those involved in differentiation were reduced. Therefore, temporal changes of select pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers throughout the 32-week chronic arsenic exposure were investigated. Sox2 and Oct4 mRNA expression were increased by 1.9- to 2.5-fold in the arsenic-exposed cells, beginning at Week 12. Sox2 protein expression was similarly increased starting at Week 16 and remained elevated by 1.5-fold to sixfold. One target of Sox2 is N-cadherin, whose expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). Exposure to arsenic significantly increased N-cadherin protein levels beginning at Week 20, concurrent with increased grouping of N-cadherin positive cells at the perimeter of the embryoid body. Expression of Zeb1, which helps increase the expression of Sox2, was also increased started at Week 16. In contrast, Gdf3 mRNA expression was reduced by 3.4- to 7.2-fold beginning at Week 16, and expression of its target protein, phospho-Smad2/3, was also reduced. These results suggest that chronic, low-level arsenic exposure may delay neuronal differentiation and maintain pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D McMichael
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Chiara Perego
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah L Perry
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C Coleman
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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19
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Kisby T, Lázaro I, Fisch S, Cartwright EJ, Cossu G, Kostarelos K. Adenoviral Mediated Delivery of OSKM Factors Induces Partial Reprogramming of Mouse Cardiac Cells In Vivo. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisby
- Nanomedicine Lab Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health AV Hill Building The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Irene Lázaro
- Nanomedicine Lab Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health AV Hill Building The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences 58 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Center for Life Science 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Sudeshna Fisch
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health AV Hill Building The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
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20
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Hall JA, Ramachandran D, Roh HC, DiSpirito JR, Belchior T, Zushin PJH, Palmer C, Hong S, Mina AI, Liu B, Deng Z, Aryal P, Jacobs C, Tenen D, Brown CW, Charles JF, Shulman GI, Kahn BB, Tsai LTY, Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM, Banks AS. Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3. Cell Metab 2020; 32:665-675.e6. [PMID: 32941798 PMCID: PMC7543662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are ligands of PPARγ that improve insulin sensitivity, but their use is limited by significant side effects. Recently, we demonstrated a mechanism wherein TZDs improve insulin sensitivity distinct from receptor agonism and adipogenesis: reversal of obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 273. However, the role of this modification hasn't been tested genetically. Here we demonstrate that mice encoding an allele of PPARγ that cannot be phosphorylated at S273 are protected from insulin resistance, without exhibiting differences in body weight or TZD-associated side effects. Indeed, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments confirm insulin sensitivity. RNA-seq in these mice reveals reduced expression of Gdf3, a BMP family member. Ectopic expression of Gdf3 is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in lean, healthy mice. We find Gdf3 inhibits BMP signaling and insulin signaling in vitro. Together, these results highlight the diabetogenic role of PPARγ S273 phosphorylation and focus attention on a putative target, Gdf3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hall
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hyun C Roh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Thiago Belchior
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Colin Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shangyu Hong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amir I Mina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bingyang Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhaoming Deng
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pratik Aryal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Danielle Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chester W Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linus T Y Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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21
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Martinez-Hackert E, Sundan A, Holien T. Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-β family action. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:39-54. [PMID: 33087301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is a group of structurally related, multifunctional growth factors, or ligands that are crucially involved in the development, regulation, and maintenance of animal tissues. In humans, the family counts over 33 members. These secreted ligands typically form multimeric complexes with two type I and two type II receptors to activate one of two distinct signal transduction branches. A striking feature of the family is its promiscuity, i.e., many ligands bind the same receptors and compete with each other for binding to these receptors. Although several explanations for this feature have been considered, its functional significance has remained puzzling. However, several recent reports have promoted the idea that ligand-receptor binding promiscuity and competition are critical features of the TGF-β family that provide an essential regulating function. Namely, they allow a cell to read and process multi-ligand inputs. This capability may be necessary for producing subtle, distinctive, or adaptive responses and, possibly, for facilitating developmental plasticity. Here, we review the molecular basis for ligand competition, with emphasis on molecular structures and binding affinities. We give an overview of methods that were used to establish experimentally ligand competition. Finally, we discuss how the concept of ligand competition may be fundamentally tied to human physiology, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Wang H, Fu Y, Gu P, Zhang Y, Tu W, Chao Z, Wu H, Cao J, Zhou X, Liu B, Michal JJ, Fan C, Tan Y. Genome-Wide Characterization and Comparative Analyses of Simple Sequence Repeats among Four Miniature Pig Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101792. [PMID: 33023098 PMCID: PMC7600727 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are present at high densities in regulatory elements, suggesting that they may affect gene function and phenotypic traits. Therefore, SSRs can be exploited in marker-assisted selection. In addition, they can be widely used as molecular markers to study genetic diversity, population structure, and evolution. While SSRs have been widely studied in many mammalian species, very little research has focused on genome-wide SSRs of miniature pigs, a small but special group of pigs that express the dwarf phenotype. Based on the SSR-enriched library building and sequencing, about 30,000 novel polymorphic SSRs for four miniature pig breeds were mapped to the Duroc pig reference genome. The four miniature pig breeds had different numbers and types of SSRs and distributions of repeat units. There were 2518 polymorphic SSRs in the intron or exon regions that were common to all four breeds and functional analyses revealed 17 genes that were associated with body size and other genes that were associated with growth and development. In conclusion, the SSRs detected in the miniature pigs in this study may provide useful genetic markers for the selection of farm animals and the polymorphic SSRs provide valuable insights into the determination of mature body size, as well as the immunity, growth and development of animals. Abstract Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are commonly used as molecular markers in research on genetic diversity and discrimination among taxa or breeds because polymorphisms in these regions contribute to gene function and phenotypically important traits. In this study, we investigated genome-wide characteristics, repeat units, and polymorphisms of SSRs using sequencing data from SSR-enriched libraries created from Wuzhishan (WZS), Bama (BM), inbred Luchuan (LC) and Zangxiang (ZX) miniature pig breeds. The numbers and types of SSRs, distributions of repeat units and polymorphic SSRs varied among the four breeds. Compared to the Duroc pig reference genome, 2518 polymorphic SSRs were unique and common to all four breeds and functional annotation revealed that they may affect the coding and regulatory regions of genes. Several examples, such as FGF23, MYF6, IGF1R, and LEPROT, are associated with growth and development in pigs. Three of the polymorphic SSRs were selected to confirm the polymorphism and the corresponding alleles through fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis. Together, this study provides useful insights into the discovery, characteristics and distribution of SSRs in four pig breeds. The polymorphic SSRs, especially those common and unique to all four pig breeds, might affect associated genes and play important roles in growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Research Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
| | - Peng Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Management Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
| | - Weilong Tu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China;
| | - Huali Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Jennifer J. Michal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Chun Fan
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yongsong Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.T.); (H.W.); (J.C.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201302, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-34505325
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23
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Xing QR, El Farran CA, Gautam P, Chuah YS, Warrier T, Toh CXD, Kang NY, Sugii S, Chang YT, Xu J, Collins JJ, Daley GQ, Li H, Zhang LF, Loh YH. Diversification of reprogramming trajectories revealed by parallel single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility sequencing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba1190. [PMID: 32917699 PMCID: PMC7486102 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming suffers from low efficiency especially for the human cells. To deconstruct the heterogeneity and unravel the mechanisms for successful reprogramming, we adopted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-Seq) to profile reprogramming cells across various time points. Our analysis revealed that reprogramming cells proceed in an asynchronous trajectory and diversify into heterogeneous subpopulations. We identified fluorescent probes and surface markers to enrich for the early reprogrammed human cells. Furthermore, combinatory usage of the surface markers enabled the fine segregation of the early-intermediate cells with diverse reprogramming propensities. scATAC-Seq analysis further uncovered the genomic partitions and transcription factors responsible for the regulatory phasing of reprogramming process. Binary choice between a FOSL1 and a TEAD4-centric regulatory network determines the outcome of a successful reprogramming. Together, our study illuminates the multitude of diverse routes transversed by individual reprogramming cells and presents an integrative roadmap for identifying the mechanistic part list of the reprogramming machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Xing
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chadi A El Farran
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Pradeep Gautam
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Yu Song Chuah
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tushar Warrier
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Xu Delon Toh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - James J Collins
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Biological Engineering, and Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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24
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Cheng CL, Yang SC, Lai CY, Wang CK, Chang CF, Lin CY, Chen WJ, Lin PY, Wu HC, Ma N, Lu FL, Lu J. CXCL14 Maintains hESC Self-Renewal through Binding to IGF-1R and Activation of the IGF-1R Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071706. [PMID: 32708730 PMCID: PMC7407311 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have important roles in regenerative medicine, but only a few studies have investigated the cytokines secreted by hESCs. We screened and identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), which plays crucial roles in hESC renewal. CXCL14, a C-X-C motif chemokine, is also named as breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK), B cell and monocyte-activated chemokine (BMAC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ (MIP-2γ). Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupted the hESC self-renewal, changed cell cycle distribution, and further increased the expression levels of mesoderm and endoderm differentiated markers. Interestingly, we demonstrated that CXCL14 is the ligand for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and it can activate IGF-1R signal transduction to support hESC renewal. Currently published literature indicates that all receptors in the CXCL family are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This report is the first to demonstrate that a CXCL protein can bind to and activate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and also the first to show that IGF-1R has another ligand in addition to IGFs. These findings broaden our understanding of stem cell biology and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shang-Chih Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan;
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
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25
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Jostes SV, Fellermeyer M, Arévalo L, Merges GE, Kristiansen G, Nettersheim D, Schorle H. Unique and redundant roles of SOX2 and SOX17 in regulating the germ cell tumor fate. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:1592-1605. [PMID: 31583686 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal carcinomas (ECs) and seminomas are testicular germ cell tumors. ECs display expression of SOX2, while seminomas display expression of SOX17. In somatic differentiation, SOX17 drives endodermal cell fate. However, seminomas lack expression of endoderm markers, but show features of pluripotency. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to report and compare the binding pattern of SOX17 in seminoma-like TCam-2 cells to SOX17 in somatic cells and SOX2 in EC-like 2102EP cells. In seminoma-like cells, SOX17 was detected at canonical (SOX2/OCT4), compressed (SOX17/OCT4) and noncomposite SOX motifs. SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation. In contrast, in somatic cells canonical motifs are rarely bound by SOX17. In sum, only 12% of SOX17-binding sites overlap in seminoma-like and somatic cells. This illustrates that binding site choice is highly dynamic and cell type specific. Deletion of SOX17 in seminoma-like cells resulted in loss of pluripotency, marked by a reduction of OCT4 protein level and loss of alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we found that in EC-like cells SOX2 regulates pluripotency-associated genes, most likely by partnering with OCT4. In conclusion, SOX17 (in seminomas) functionally replaces SOX2 (in ECs) to maintain expression of the pluripotency cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina V Jostes
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gina E Merges
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Translational Urooncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Diaz-Hernandez ME, Khan NM, Trochez CM, Yoon T, Maye P, Presciutti SM, Gibson G, Drissi H. Derivation of notochordal cells from human embryonic stem cells reveals unique regulatory networks by single cell-transcriptomics. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5241-5255. [PMID: 31840817 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a public health dilemma as it is associated with low back and neck pain, a frequent reason for patients to visit the physician. During IDD, nucleus pulposus (NP), the central compartment of intervertebral disc (IVD) undergo degeneration. Stem cells have been adopted as a promising biological source to regenerate the IVD and restore its function. Here, we describe a simple, two-step differentiation strategy using a cocktail of four factors (LDN, AGN, FGF, and CHIR) for efficient derivation of notochordal cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We employed a CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-editing approach to knock-in the mCherry reporter vector upstream of the 3' untranslated region of the Noto gene in H9-hESCs and monitored notochordal cell differentiation. Our data show that treatment of H9-hESCs with the above-mentioned four factors for 6 days successfully resulted in notochordal cells. These cells were characterized by morphology, immunostaining, and gene and protein expression analyses for established notochordal cell markers including FoxA2, SHH, and Brachyury. Additionally, pan-genomic high-throughput single cell RNA-sequencing revealed an efficient and robust notochordal differentiation. We further identified a key regulatory network consisting of eight candidate genes encoding transcription factors including PAX6, GDF3, FOXD3, TDGF1, and SOX5, which are considered as potential drivers of notochordal differentiation. This is the first single cell transcriptomic analysis of notochordal cells derived from hESCs. The ability to efficiently obtain notochordal cells from pluripotent stem cells provides an additional tool to develop new cell-based therapies for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Diaz-Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Nazir M Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | | | - Tim Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter Maye
- UConn Health Center, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Steven M Presciutti
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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27
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Tang H, Inoki K, Brooks SV, Okazawa H, Lee M, Wang J, Kim M, Kennedy CL, Macpherson PCD, Ji X, Van Roekel S, Fraga DA, Wang K, Zhu J, Wang Y, Sharp ZD, Miller RA, Rando TA, Goldman D, Guan K, Shrager JB. mTORC1 underlies age-related muscle fiber damage and loss by inducing oxidative stress and catabolism. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12943. [PMID: 30924297 PMCID: PMC6516169 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to skeletal muscle atrophy (i.e., sarcopenia), and muscle fiber loss is a critical component of this process. The mechanisms underlying these age-related changes, however, remain unclear. We show here that mTORC1 signaling is activated in a subset of skeletal muscle fibers in aging mouse and human, colocalized with fiber damage. Activation of mTORC1 in TSC1 knockout mouse muscle fibers increases the content of morphologically abnormal mitochondria and causes progressive oxidative stress, fiber damage, and fiber loss over the lifespan. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that mTORC1's activation increases the expression of growth differentiation factors (GDF3, 5, and 15), and of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress and catabolism. We show that increased GDF15 is sufficient to induce oxidative stress and catabolic changes, and that mTORC1 increases the expression of GDF15 via phosphorylation of STAT3. Inhibition of mTORC1 in aging mouse decreases the expression of GDFs and STAT3's phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress and muscle fiber damage and loss. Thus, chronically increased mTORC1 activity contributes to age-related muscle atrophy, and GDF signaling is a proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Science InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan,Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Susan V. Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Hideki Okazawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Myung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Junying Wang
- Life Science InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Michael Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Catherine L. Kennedy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Peter C. D. Macpherson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Sabrina Van Roekel
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Danielle A. Fraga
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Present address:
The Department of Thoracic SurgeryThird Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jinguo Zhu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Present address:
Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGuangxi International Zhuang Hospital of GuangXi University of Chinese MedicineNanNingChina
| | - Yoyo Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Zelton D. Sharp
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Kun‐Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Joseph B. Shrager
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
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28
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Senft AD, Bikoff EK, Robertson EJ, Costello I. Genetic dissection of Nodal and Bmp signalling requirements during primordial germ cell development in mouse. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1089. [PMID: 30842446 PMCID: PMC6403387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential roles played by Nodal and Bmp signalling during early mouse development have been extensively documented. Here we use conditional deletion strategies to investigate functional contributions made by Nodal, Bmp and Smad downstream effectors during primordial germ cell (PGC) development. We demonstrate that Nodal and its target gene Eomes provide early instructions during formation of the PGC lineage. We discover that Smad2 inactivation in the visceral endoderm results in increased numbers of PGCs due to an expansion of the PGC niche. Smad1 is required for specification, whereas in contrast Smad4 controls the maintenance and migration of PGCs. Additionally we find that beside Blimp1, down-regulated phospho-Smad159 levels also distinguishes PGCs from their somatic neighbours so that emerging PGCs become refractory to Bmp signalling that otherwise promotes mesodermal development in the posterior epiblast. Thus balanced Nodal/Bmp signalling cues regulate germ cell versus somatic cell fate decisions in the early posterior epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Senft
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Bikoff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Ita Costello
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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29
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Dupont G, Yilmaz E, Loukas M, Macchi V, De Caro R, Tubbs RS. Human embryonic stem cells: Distinct molecular personalities and applications in regenerative medicine. Clin Anat 2018; 32:354-360. [PMID: 30521112 PMCID: PMC6850663 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of stem cell biology is exciting because it provides researchers and clinicians with seemingly unlimited applications for treating many human diseases. Stem cells are a renewable source of pluripotent cells that can differentiate into nearly all human cell types. In this article we focus particularly on human embryonic stem (hES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and cultured for expansion while remaining undifferentiated, to explore their unique molecular personalities and clinical applications. The aim of this literature review is to reflect the interest in hES cells and to provide a resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the molecular characteristics of such cells. Clin. Anat. 32:354–360, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
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30
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Opazo JC, Zavala K. Phylogenetic evidence for independent origins of GDF1 and GDF3 genes in anurans and mammals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13595. [PMID: 30206386 PMCID: PMC6134012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factors 1 (GDF1) and 3 (GDF3) are members of the transforming growth factor superfamily (TGF-β) that is involved in fundamental early-developmental processes that are conserved across vertebrates. The evolutionary history of these genes is still under debate due to ambiguous definitions of homologous relationships among vertebrates. Thus, the goal of this study was to unravel the evolution of the GDF1 and GDF3 genes of vertebrates, emphasizing the understanding of homologous relationships and their evolutionary origin. Our results revealed that the GDF1 and GDF3 genes found in anurans and mammals are the products of independent duplication events of an ancestral gene in the ancestor of each of these lineages. The main implication of this result is that the GDF1 and GDF3 genes of anurans and mammals are not 1:1 orthologs. In other words, genes that participate in fundamental processes during early development have been reinvented two independent times during the evolutionary history of tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Kattina Zavala
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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31
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Chen J, Li X, Niu Y, Wu Z, Qiu G. Functional and In Silico Assessment of GDF3 Gene Variants in a Chinese Congenital Scoliosis Population. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2992-3001. [PMID: 29735971 PMCID: PMC5978024 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of 5 GDF3 gene variations using functional and in silico assessment approaches in a Chinese congenital scoliosis population. Material/Methods We selected 13 patients carrying 5 variants from a congenital scoliosis cohort. The PCR products of samples were verified by Sanger sequencing. The data and sequence alignment were analyzed using Chromas and ClustalW. SIFT and PolyPhen-2 were used to predict the functional effects of each missense and amino acid substitutions. SWISS-MODEL server and Swiss-PdbViewer were used to analyze conformational changes of GDF3 structure. DUET, UCSF Chimera, and Ligplot software were used to further explore the protein stability, side chains, and hydrophobic interaction changes, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene and Western blot assays were used to perform functional assessments for every variant from the molecular level. Results Of the 13 patients, the S212L variant reoccurred in 9 patients. The rest of the patients carried 1 missense mutation each. The variants of R84L and R84C were predicted as probably damaging loci. S212L, N215S, A251T were predicted as benign loci. In functional assays, R84L, S212L, and A251T display inhibitory effects on functional assays. N251S mutation showed a negative effect in protein expression assays but not in luciferase reporter gene assays. The variant of R84C displayed no negative effects on 2 functional assays. Conclusions Our results suggest that the 4 of the 5 variants in GDF3 gene contribute different pathogenicity in congenital scoliosis, which may provide molecular evidence for clinical genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research on Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research on Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
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32
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Cevallos RR, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Gazarian K. Wnt/β-Catenin/TCF Pathway Is a Phase-Dependent Promoter of Colony Formation and Mesendodermal Differentiation During Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2018; 36:683-695. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming is a biphasic phenomenon that goes through a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, called initiation phase, followed by a maturation phase wherein reprogramming cells acquire pluripotency. Here, we show that these phases display a differential response to Wnt signaling activation. Wnt signaling increases colony formation by promoting cellular epithelialization during the initiation phase in a TCF7-dependent manner. However, during maturation phase, it is also responsible for inducing mesendodermal differentiation, which is negatively regulated by TCF7L1. Thus, Wnt signaling inhibition or TCF7L1 overexpression downregulates mesendodermal gene expression without perturbing pluripotency. Together, our results demonstrate that a phase-specific modulation of Wnt signaling leads to an improved reprogramming efficiency in terms of colony output and pluripotency acquisition. This work provides new insights into the cell context-dependent roles of Wnt signaling during human somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raúl Cevallos
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Cellular Physiology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Karlen Gazarian
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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33
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Kim D, Lee S, Lim JY, Kwon S. Characteristics and Responses of Human Vocal Fold Cells in a Vibrational Culture Model. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E258-E264. [PMID: 29392734 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study was conducted to provide a vibrational culture model to investigate the effects of mechanical environments on cellular functions, and elucidate physiological characteristics of two different types of cells in vocal folds under static and vibrational conditions. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study of human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) and human macula flava stellate cells (hMF-SCs). METHODS hVFFs and hMF-SCs were exposed to a 2-second-on/2-second-off, 205 Hz vibration regime for 4 hours by using a vibrational culture model. We compared cell morphology, cell viability, and gene expression in extracellular matrix-related components, growth factors, and differentiation markers under static and vibratory conditions. RESULTS hVFFs and hMF-SCs differed in their morphologies and gene expression levels under static condition. The applied vibration did not induce changes in morphology and viability of either cell type. However, gene expression levels changed in both cell types in response to vibration; in particular, hMF-SCs exhibited a more sensitive response to vibration than that shown by hVFFs. CONCLUSIONS The vibrational culture model developed in this study enabled us to investigate the effects of the applied vibration on two types of vocal fold resident cells. As a result, we could demonstrate that hVFFs and hMF-SCs exhibited distinctively different characteristics under vibrational conditions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E258-E264, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Corsinotti A, Wong FC, Tatar T, Szczerbinska I, Halbritter F, Colby D, Gogolok S, Pantier R, Liggat K, Mirfazeli ES, Hall-Ponsele E, Mullin NP, Wilson V, Chambers I. Distinct SoxB1 networks are required for naïve and primed pluripotency. eLife 2017; 6:27746. [PMID: 29256862 PMCID: PMC5758114 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of Sox2 from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) causes trophectodermal differentiation. While this can be prevented by enforced expression of the related SOXB1 proteins, SOX1 or SOX3, the roles of SOXB1 proteins in epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) pluripotency are unknown. Here, we show that Sox2 can be deleted from EpiSCs with impunity. This is due to a shift in the balance of SoxB1 expression in EpiSCs, which have decreased Sox2 and increased Sox3 compared to ESCs. Consistent with functional redundancy, Sox3 can also be deleted from EpiSCs without eliminating self-renewal. However, deletion of both Sox2 and Sox3 prevents self-renewal. The overall SOXB1 levels in ESCs affect differentiation choices: neural differentiation of Sox2 heterozygous ESCs is compromised, while increased SOXB1 levels divert the ESC to EpiSC transition towards neural differentiation. Therefore, optimal SOXB1 levels are critical for each pluripotent state and for cell fate decisions during exit from naïve pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corsinotti
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Frederick Ck Wong
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Tülin Tatar
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Iwona Szczerbinska
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Florian Halbritter
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Douglas Colby
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sabine Gogolok
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Raphaël Pantier
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kirsten Liggat
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Elham S Mirfazeli
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Elisa Hall-Ponsele
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nicholas P Mullin
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ian Chambers
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Pelliccia JL, Jindal GA, Burdine RD. Gdf3 is required for robust Nodal signaling during germ layer formation and left-right patterning. eLife 2017; 6:28635. [PMID: 29140250 PMCID: PMC5745080 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate embryonic patterning depends on signaling from Nodal, a TGFβ superfamily member. There are three Nodal orthologs in zebrafish; southpaw directs left-right asymmetries, while squint and cyclops function earlier to pattern mesendoderm. TGFβ member Vg1 is implicated in mesoderm formation but the role of the zebrafish ortholog, Growth differentiation factor 3 (Gdf3), has not been fully explored. We show that zygotic expression of gdf3 is dispensable for embryonic development, while maternally deposited gdf3 is required for mesendoderm formation and dorsal-ventral patterning. We further show that Gdf3 can affect left-right patterning at multiple stages, including proper development of regional cell morphology in Kupffer’s vesicle and the establishment of southpaw expression in the lateral plate mesoderm. Collectively, our data indicate that gdf3 is critical for robust Nodal signaling at multiple stages in zebrafish embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Pelliccia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Granton A Jindal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, United States.,The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Rebecca D Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
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36
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Ferratge S, Boyer J, Arouch N, Chevalier F, Uzan G. Circulating endothelial progenitors in vascular repair. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S65-S74. [PMID: 28372279 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs) are obtained in culture from Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells. They display all characteristics of endothelial cells and they display stem cells features. Cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) have a high clonogenic and proliferative potentials, and exhibit vascular repair capabilities useful for the treatment of ischemic diseases. However, the link between immaturity and functional properties of CB-ECFCs is still poorly defined. We showed that these cells have a high clonogenic potential and are capable to be efficiently reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of a broad panel of genes involved in embryonic stem cell properties. We define a novel stem cell transcriptional signature for CB-ECFCs fora better characterization and stratification according to their stem cell profile. We then improved the yield of CB-ECFC production for obtaining cells more functional in fewer passages. We used Glycosaminoglycans (GAG), components from the extracellular matrix which potentiate heparin binding growth factor activities. GAG mimetics were designed, having the capacity to increase the yield of ECFC during the isolation process, to increase the number of colonies, improve adhesion, proliferation, migration and self-renewal. GAG mimetics have thus great interest for vascular regeneration in combination with ECFC. Our results show that CB-ECFC are immature cells harboring specific functions such as formation of colonies, proliferation and formation of vascular structures in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferratge
- Inserm U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - J Boyer
- Inserm U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - N Arouch
- Inserm U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - F Chevalier
- Inserm U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - G Uzan
- Inserm U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 12-14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
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37
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Suzuki A, Yoshida H, van Heeringen SJ, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Veenstra GJC, Taira M. Genomic organization and modulation of gene expression of the TGF-β and FGF pathways in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2017; 426:336-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Bansho Y, Lee J, Nishida E, Nakajima-Koyama M. Identification and characterization of secreted factors that are upregulated during somatic cell reprogramming. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1584-1600. [PMID: 28471520 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of cell reprogramming has been characterized considerably since the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the importance of cell-cell communications for cellular reprogramming remains largely unknown. Secreted factors, which are expressed and secreted during reprogramming, may influence the reprogramming efficiency. Here, we have identified Sostdc1, Glb1l2, Fetub, Dpp4, Gdf3, Trh, and Tdgf1 as prominently upregulated secreted factors during reprogramming. Our detailed analysis reveals that these seven factors may be categorized into four groups based on their expression patterns in relation to the reprogramming stages. Remarkably, knockdown of Sostdc1, which is the most prominently upregulated factor and which is expressed earlier than the other six factors, results in reduced reprogramming efficiency, suggesting its involvement in the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Bansho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Joonseong Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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Ferratge S, Ha G, Carpentier G, Arouche N, Bascetin R, Muller L, Germain S, Uzan G. Initial clonogenic potential of human endothelial progenitor cells is predictive of their further properties and establishes a functional hierarchy related to immaturity. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21:148-159. [PMID: 28499264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) generate in vitro Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs) combining features of endothelial and stem/progenitor cells. Their angiogenic properties confer them a therapeutic potential for treating ischemic lesions. They may be isolated from umbilical cord blood (CB-ECFCs) or peripheral adult blood (AB-ECFCs). It is generally accepted that CB-ECFCs are more clonogenic, proliferative and angiogenic than AB-ECFCs. Nevertheless, only a few studies have focused on the functional heterogeneity of CB-ECFCs from different individuals. Moreover, AB-ECFC loss of function is yet to be precisely described. We have focused on these two issues that are critical for clinical perspectives. The detailed clonogenic profile of CB-ECFCs and AB-ECFCs was obtained and revealed a high inter individual heterogeneity and the absence of correlation with age. Most CB-ECFCs yielded initial colonies and had functional properties similar to those of AB-ECFCs. Conversely, a high clonogenicity was associated with an enhanced proliferative and angiogenic potential and stemness gene overexpression, confirming that immaturity, lost by AB-ECFCs, was a prerequisite to functionality. We thus demonstrated the importance of selecting CB-ECFCs according to specific criteria, and we propose using the initial clonogenicity as a relevant marker of their potential efficacy on vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Ha
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Carpentier
- ERL CNRS 9215, Laboratoire CRRET, Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Créteil, France
| | | | - Rümeyza Bascetin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France; Inserm U1050, Paris, France; CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France; Inserm U1050, Paris, France; CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France; Inserm U1050, Paris, France; CNRS UMRS 7241, Paris, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France.
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40
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Kim YY, Tamadon A, Ku SY. Potential Use of Antiapoptotic Proteins and Noncoding RNAs for EfficientIn VitroFollicular Maturation and Ovarian Bioengineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:142-158. [PMID: 27763207 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Han MH, Park SW, Do HJ, Chung HJ, Song H, Kim JH, Kim NH, Park KH, Kim JH. Growth and Differentiation Factor 3 Is Transcriptionally Regulated by OCT4 in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1802-1808. [PMID: 27803451 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), a mammalian-specific transforming growth factor β ligand, and OCT4, one of key stem cell transcription factors, are expressed in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) as well as pluripotent stem cells. To understand the molecular mechanism by which OCT4 and GDF3 function in tumorigenesis as well as stemness, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of GDF3 mediated by OCT4 in human embryonic carcinoma (EC) NCCIT cells, which are pluripotent stem cells of TGCTs. GDF3 and OCT4 was highly expressed in undifferentiated NCCIT cells and then significantly decreased upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, GDF3 expression was reduced by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of OCT4 and increased by OCT4 overexpression, suggesting that GDF3 and OCT4 have a functional relationship in pluripotent stem cells. A promoter-reporter assay revealed that the GDF3 promoter (-1721-Luc) activity was significantly activated by OCT4 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the minimal promoter (-183-Luc) was sufficient for OCT4-mediated transcriptional activation and provided a potential binding site for the direct interaction with OCT4. Collectively, this study provides the evidence about the regulatory mechanism of GDF3 mediated by OCT4 in pluripotent EC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University
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42
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Macrophage PPARγ, a Lipid Activated Transcription Factor Controls the Growth Factor GDF3 and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Immunity 2016; 45:1038-1051. [PMID: 27836432 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires inflammatory and reparatory activity of macrophages. Macrophages detect and eliminate the damaged tissue and subsequently promote regeneration. This dichotomy requires the switch of effector functions of macrophages coordinated with other cell types inside the injured tissue. The gene regulatory events supporting the sensory and effector functions of macrophages involved in tissue repair are not well understood. Here we show that the lipid activated transcription factor, PPARγ, is required for proper skeletal muscle regeneration, acting in repair macrophages. PPARγ controls the expression of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family member, GDF3, which in turn regulates the restoration of skeletal muscle integrity by promoting muscle progenitor cell fusion. This work establishes PPARγ as a required metabolic sensor and transcriptional regulator of repair macrophages. Moreover, this work also establishes GDF3 as a secreted extrinsic effector protein acting on myoblasts and serving as an exclusively macrophage-derived regeneration factor in tissue repair.
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43
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Conserved and divergent expression patterns of markers of axial development in the laboratory opossum,Monodelphis domestica. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1176-1188. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
The discovery of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands and the realization that their bioactivities need to be tightly controlled temporally and spatially led to intensive research that has identified a multitude of extracellular modulators of TGF-β family ligands, uncovered their functions in developmental and pathophysiological processes, defined the mechanisms of their activities, and explored potential modulator-based therapeutic applications in treating human diseases. These studies revealed a diverse repertoire of extracellular and membrane-associated molecules that are capable of modulating TGF-β family signals via control of ligand availability, processing, ligand-receptor interaction, and receptor activation. These molecules include not only soluble ligand-binding proteins that were conventionally considered as agonists and antagonists of TGF-β family of growth factors, but also extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteoglycans that can serve as "sink" and control storage and release of both the TGF-β family ligands and their regulators. This extensive network of soluble and ECM modulators helps to ensure dynamic and cell-specific control of TGF-β family signals. This article reviews our knowledge of extracellular modulation of TGF-β growth factors by diverse proteins and their molecular mechanisms to regulate TGF-β family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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45
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Morikawa M, Derynck R, Miyazono K. TGF-β and the TGF-β Family: Context-Dependent Roles in Cell and Tissue Physiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:8/5/a021873. [PMID: 27141051 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo- and heterodimers. This review introduces the reader to the TGF-β family with its complexity of names and biological activities. It also introduces TGF-β as the best-studied factor among the TGF-β family proteins, with its diversity of roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing and immune system, and its key roles in pathology, for example, skeletal diseases, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Morikawa
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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46
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Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:10-26. [PMID: 27143445 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an extraordinary complex process. The differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa requires the participation of several cell types, hormones, paracrine factors, genes and epigenetic regulators. Recent researches in animals and humans have furthered our understanding of the male gamete differentiation, and led to clinical tools for the better management of male infertility. There is still much to be learned about this intricate process. In this review, the critical steps of human spermatogenesis are discussed together with its main affecting factors.
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47
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Jaeger PA, Lucin KM, Britschgi M, Vardarajan B, Huang RP, Kirby ED, Abbey R, Boeve BF, Boxer AL, Farrer LA, Finch N, Graff-Radford NR, Head E, Hofree M, Huang R, Johns H, Karydas A, Knopman DS, Loboda A, Masliah E, Narasimhan R, Petersen RC, Podtelezhnikov A, Pradhan S, Rademakers R, Sun CH, Younkin SG, Miller BL, Ideker T, Wyss-Coray T. Network-driven plasma proteomics expose molecular changes in the Alzheimer's brain. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:31. [PMID: 27112350 PMCID: PMC4845325 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological pathways that significantly contribute to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease are largely unknown and cannot be observed directly. Cognitive symptoms appear only decades after the molecular disease onset, further complicating analyses. As a consequence, molecular research is often restricted to late-stage post-mortem studies of brain tissue. However, the disease process is expected to trigger numerous cellular signaling pathways and modulate the local and systemic environment, and resulting changes in secreted signaling molecules carry information about otherwise inaccessible pathological processes. Results To access this information we probed relative levels of close to 600 secreted signaling proteins from patients’ blood samples using antibody microarrays and mapped disease-specific molecular networks. Using these networks as seeds we then employed independent genome and transcriptome data sets to corroborate potential pathogenic pathways. Conclusions We identified Growth-Differentiation Factor (GDF) signaling as a novel Alzheimer’s disease-relevant pathway supported by in vivo and in vitro follow-up experiments, demonstrating the existence of a highly informative link between cellular pathology and changes in circulatory signaling proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Jaeger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kurt M Lucin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Biology Department, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Markus Britschgi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Present address: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, NORD DTA, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kirby
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachelle Abbey
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Schools of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - NiCole Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruochun Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech, Norcrosse, GA, USA
| | - Hudson Johns
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrey Loboda
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramya Narasimhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Suraj Pradhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Chung-Huan Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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48
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Guillevic O, Ferratge S, Pascaud J, Driancourt C, Boyer-Di-Ponio J, Uzan G. A Novel Molecular and Functional Stemness Signature Assessing Human Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Immaturity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152993. [PMID: 27043207 PMCID: PMC4820260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs), a distinct population of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) progeny, display phenotypic and functional characteristics of endothelial cells while retaining features of stem/progenitor cells. Cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) have a high clonogenic and proliferative potentials and they can acquire different endothelial phenotypes, this requiring some plasticity. These properties provide angiogenic and vascular repair capabilities to CB-ECFCs for ischemic cell therapies. However, the degree of immaturity retained by EPCs is still confused and poorly defined. Consequently, to better characterize CB-ECFC stemness, we quantified their clonogenic potential and demonstrated that they were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) more efficiently and rapidly than adult endothelial cells. Moreover, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of a broad gene panel known to be related to stem cells. We showed that, unlike mature endothelial cells, CB-ECFCs expressed genes involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell properties such as DNMT3B, GDF3 or SOX2. Thus, these results provide further evidence and tools to appreciate EPC-derived cell stemness. Moreover this novel stem cell transcriptional signature of ECFCs could help better characterizing and ranging EPCs according to their immaturity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM U972, hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Park YG, Lee SE, Kim EY, Hyun H, Shin MY, Son YJ, Kim SY, Park SP. Effects of Feeder Cell Types on Culture of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell In Vitro. Dev Reprod 2016; 19:119-26. [PMID: 27004268 PMCID: PMC4801015 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2015.19.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The suitable feeder cell layer is important for culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of two kinds of the feeder cell, MEF cells and STO cells, layer to mouse ES (mES) cell culture for maintenance of stemness. We compare the colony formations, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities, expression of pluripotency marker genes and proteins of D3 cell colonies cultured on MEF feeder cell layer (D3/MEF) or STO cell layers (D3/STO) compared to feeder free condition (D3/-) as a control group. Although there were no differences to colony formations and AP activities, interestingly, the transcripts level of pluripotency marker genes, Pou5f1 and Nanog were highly expressed in D3/MEF (79 and 93) than D3/STO (61and 77) or D3/- (65 and 81). Also, pluripotency marker proteins, NANOG and SOX-2, were more synthesized in D3/MEF (72.8±7.69 and 81.2±3.56) than D3/STO (32.0±4.30 and 56.0±4.90) or D3/- (55.0±4.64 and 62.0±6.20). These results suggest that MEF feeder cell layer is more suitable to mES cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gwi Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hyun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Min-Young Shin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Dept. of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 05066, Korea
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Enrichment of G2/M cell cycle phase in human pluripotent stem cells enhances HDR-mediated gene repair with customizable endonucleases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21264. [PMID: 26887909 PMCID: PMC4757933 DOI: 10.1038/srep21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient gene editing is essential to fully utilize human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine. Custom endonuclease-based gene targeting involves two mechanisms of DNA repair: homology directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HDR is the preferred mechanism for common applications such knock-in, knock-out or precise mutagenesis, but remains inefficient in hPSCs. Here, we demonstrate that synchronizing synchronizing hPSCs in G2/M with ABT phase increases on-target gene editing, defined as correct targeting cassette integration, 3 to 6 fold. We observed improved efficiency using ZFNs, TALENs, two CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR/Cas9 nickase to target five genes in three hPSC lines: three human embryonic stem cell lines, neural progenitors and diabetic iPSCs. neural progenitors and diabetic iPSCs. Reversible synchronization has no effect on pluripotency or differentiation. The increase in on-target gene editing is locus-independent and specific to the cell cycle phase as G2/M phase enriched cells show a 6-fold increase in targeting efficiency compared to cells in G1 phase. Concurrently inhibiting NHEJ with SCR7 does not increase HDR or improve gene targeting efficiency further, indicating that HR is the major DNA repair mechanism after G2/M phase arrest. The approach outlined here makes gene editing in hPSCs a more viable tool for disease modeling, regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.
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