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Schneider V, Vejux A, Nury T, Dupont G, Pais de Barros JP, Lakomy D, Lizard G, Moreau T. Neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism plasma biomarkers to differentiate Parkinson's disease from atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:961-966. [PMID: 37328356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of blood biomarkers appears to be a means of improving diagnosis accuracy in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS). We, therefore, evaluate the performance of neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism plasma biomarkers to distinguish PD from APS. METHODS This was a monocentric study with a cross-sectional design. Plasma levels and discriminating power of neurofilament light chain (NFL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 24S-Hydroxycholesterol (24S-HC) were assessed in patients with clinical diagnoses of PD or APS. RESULTS In total, 32 PD cases and 15 APS cases were included. Mean disease durations were 4.75 years in PD group and 4.2 years in APS group. Plasma levels of NFL, MDA and 24S-HC differed significantly between the APS and PD groups (P=0.003; P=0.009; P=0.032, respectively). NFL, MDA and 24S-HC discriminated between PD and APS (AUC=0.76688; AUC=0.7375; AUC=0.6958, respectively). APS diagnosis significantly increased with MDA level≥23.628nmol/mL (OR: 8.67, P=0.001), NFL level≥47.2pg/mL (OR: 11.92, P<0.001) or 24S-HC level≤33.4pmol/mL (OR: 6.17, P=0.008). APS diagnosis considerably increased with the combination of NFL and MDA levels beyond cutoff values (OR: 30.67, P<0.001). Finally, the combination of NFL and 24S-HC levels, or MDA and 24S-HC levels, or all three biomarkers' levels beyond cutoff values systematically classified patients in the APS group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 24S-HC and especially MDA and NFL could be helpful for differentiating PD from APS. Further studies will be needed to reproduce our findings on larger, prospective cohorts of patients with parkinsonism evolving for less than 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schneider
- Neurology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, Burgundy, France; Inserm, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" EA7270, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France.
| | - A Vejux
- Inserm, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" EA7270, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - T Nury
- Inserm, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" EA7270, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - G Dupont
- Neurology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - J P Pais de Barros
- Lipidomic Analytic Platform, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - D Lakomy
- Laboratory of Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - G Lizard
- Inserm, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" EA7270, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France
| | - T Moreau
- Neurology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, Burgundy, France; Inserm, "Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism" EA7270, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, Burgundy, France; Centre expert Parkinson, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, Burgundy, France
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Patel J, Dupont G, Katsuta J, Iwanaga J, Olewnik Ł, Tubbs RS. Concomitant variations of the tibialis anterior, and extensor hallucis longus, and extensor hallucis brevis muscles. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:137-140. [PMID: 36198656 PMCID: PMC9989779 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle originates from the lateral surface of tibia and its tendon attaches to the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. The TA muscle is responsible for both dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. We present a case of bilateral TA muscle variations that diverge slightly from the current classification systems of this muscle. Recognizing variations such as these may be important for anatomists, surgeons, podiatrists, and physicians. Following routine dissection, an accessory tendon of the TA muscle was found on both sides. Accessory tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor hallucis brevis joined to form a common tendon on both sides. We believe that this unique case will help further the classification systems for the tendons of the TA and also be informative for clinical anatomists as well as physicians treating patients with pathology in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Joho Katsuta
- Katsuta Osteopathic Clinic, Itoshima, Fukuoka, Japan.,Kyushu Medical Sports Vocational School, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Łukasz Olewnik
- Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies.,Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yu A, Dupont G, Nerva J, Anadkat SN, D'Antoni AV, Wang A, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. The petrosal artery and its variations: a comprehensive review and anatomical study with application to skull base surgery and neurointerventional procedures. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022; 82:568-579. [PMID: 35692114 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The petrosal artery supplies several structures at the skull base and is often the focus of various neurointerventional procedures. Therefore, knowledge of its anatomy and variations is important to surgeons and interventionalists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty latex injected cadaveric heads (40 sides) underwent microsurgical dissection of the petrosal artery. Documentation of the course of the artery and its branches were made. Measurements of the petrosal artery's length and diameter were performed using microcallipers. RESULTS A petrosal artery was identified on all sides. The mean length and diameter of the artery within the middle cranial fossa was 2.4 cm and 0.38 mm, respectively. Branches included the following: dural, ganglionic, V3 branches, branches extending through the foramen ovale, branches directly to the greater petrosal and lesser petrosal nerves, branches to the floor of the hiatus of the greater and lesser petrosal nerves, branch to the arcuate eminence, and superior tympanic artery. No statistically significant differences were noted between male and female specimens, but right-sided petrosal arteries were in general, larger in diameter than left sides. CONCLUSIONS A thorough anatomical knowledge of the petrosal artery and to its relationship to the facial nerve and other neurovascular structures is necessary to facilitate effective endovascular treatment and to preclude facial nerve complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - G Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - J Nerva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - S N Anadkat
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - A V D'Antoni
- Physician Assistant Programme, Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, United States
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - J Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - A S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - R S Tubbs
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, United States
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Yu A, Dupont G, Pękala PA, Wysiadecki G, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Walocha JA, Tubbs RS. Duplication and Fenestration of the Inferior Petrosal Sinus: Cadaveric Study with Application to Imaging, Skull Base Surgery, and Neurointerventional Procedures. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e59-e66. [PMID: 35342025 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of a duplicated or fenestrated inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) are scarce or not found in the literature, respectively. To our knowledge, there are no cadaveric reports of the latter. METHODS This study used 20 adult cadaveric heads (40 sides). After removal of the brain, the IPS was dissected using a surgical microscope. Specimens with duplication or fenestration of the IPS anywhere along its course were photographed and measured. RESULTS On 2 (5%) left sides, a fenestration was identified in the IPS. One of these was found to have 2 fenestrations. The mean length and width of the 3 fenestrations were 2.3 mm and 0.95 mm, respectively. The 3 fenestrations were located at the middle to terminal parts of the IPS. On 2 (5%) left sides and 1 (2.5%) right side, the IPS was duplicated over a part of its course. The mean length and width of the duplicated parts of the IPS were 25.9 mm and 3.1 mm, respectively. No statistical significance was found for fenestrations or duplications comparing males versus females, but fenestrations were statistically significant (P < 0.05) for occurring on left sides. CONCLUSIONS Unfamiliarity with a duplicated or fenestrated IPS could increase risk of iatrogenic injury and misinterpretation of imaging. Further radiological imaging studies are required to substantiate more accurately the mechanisms by which a duplicated or fenestrated IPS affects clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, anatomical awareness of such lesser known variations of the IPS is crucial for promoting safe and effective interventional approaches at the skull base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Yu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Przemysław A Pękala
- Brain and Spine Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wysiadecki
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ishak B, von Glinski A, Dupont G, Lachkar S, Yilmaz E, Iwanaga J, Unterberg A, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS, Chapman JR. Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction, Part II: Alar Ligament. Global Spine J 2021; 11:1064-1069. [PMID: 32691628 PMCID: PMC8351059 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220941452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE The strength of the alar ligament has been described inconsistently, possibly because of the nonphysiological biomechanical testing models, and the inability to test the ligament with both attachments simultaneously. The purpose of this biomechanical model was to reevaluate the alar ligament's tensile strength with both bony attachments, while also keeping the transverse ligament intact, all in a more physiological biomechanical model that mimics the mechanism of traumatic injury closely. METHODS Eleven fresh-frozen occipito-atlanto-axial (C0-C1-C2) specimens were harvested from individuals whose mean age at death was 77.4 years (range 46-97 years). Only the alar and transverse ligaments were preserved, and the bony C0-C1-C2 complex was left intact. Axial tension was exerted on the dens to displace it posteriorly, while the occipito-axial complex was fixed anteriorly. A device that applies controlled increasing force was used to test the tensile strength (M2-200, Mark-10 Corporation). RESULTS The mean force required for the alar ligament to fail was 394 ± 52 N (range 317-503 N). However, both the right and left alar ligaments ruptured simultaneously in 10 specimens. The ligament failed most often at the dens (n = 10), followed by occipital condyle rupture (n = 1). The transverse ligament remained intact in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS When both the right and left alar ligament were included, the total alar ligament failure occurred at an average force of 394 N. The alar ligament failed before the transverse ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Basem Ishak, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander von Glinski
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,BG University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,BG University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rod Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA,St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
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Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS. Variant Innervation of the Medial Pterygoid Muscle from the Lingual Nerve. Kurume Med J 2021; 66:135-138. [PMID: 34135200 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms662005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During a routine dissection of the infratemporal fossa and lateral face, a branch of the left lingual nerve was observed entering the medial pterygoid muscle. Normally, the nerve to the medial pterygoid is a direct branch from the mandibular nerve, with no communications with the lingual nerve. There are many reports involving variations of the mandibular nerve; however, few reports describe lingual nerve variations involving the medial pterygoid muscle. Reconstructive surgeries for cosmesis and trauma, tumor excision, and impacted third molar removal may all damage the lingual nerve and might, as seen in the present case, affect the medial pterygoid muscle. Given the presumed rarity of this variation, we discuss the possible embryological origins as well as the surgical conflicts that may arise with this type of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, University Centre
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Ishak B, Dupont G, Lachkar S, Yilmaz E, Glinski AV, Altafulla J, Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Chapman JR, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS. Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction-Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly. Global Spine J 2021; 11:180-186. [PMID: 32875854 PMCID: PMC7882814 DOI: 10.1177/2192568219896544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS The transverse ligament's failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament's failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Basem Ishak, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | | | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rod Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body part III: Cardiovascular, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive. Clin Anat 2020; 34:307-311. [PMID: 33170983 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This third installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body discusses the endocrine, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems. Obesity is known to upset hormonal balance, leading to widespread metabolic disorders involving organs such as the liver and pancreas. Furthermore, the hypersecretion of leptin from adipose tissue triggers various responses from the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, with implications for energy and nutrient balance and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body part II: Nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems. Clin Anat 2020; 34:303-306. [PMID: 33048388 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This second installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body considers the nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems. Those with obesity face countless psychological hurdles in addition to the respiratory burden and widespread inflammation that can suppress the immune system, resulting in the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body, part I: Skin and musculoskeletal. Clin Anat 2020; 34:297-302. [PMID: 32986278 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide issue that many global health authorities consider a growing epidemic. Having a positive correlation between increases in the industrialization of processed foods and sedentary occupations as well as a lack of access to healthcare in poorer socioeconomic areas, obesity is a multifactorial disease affecting several organ systems. The tendency for obesity to cause detrimental changes to the human body is a focal point for healthcare providers to establish more effective clinical treatment and management plans. Implementing comprehensive global educational programs to decrease the prevalence of this unforgiving disease is imperative for a healthier future. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of the health effects of obesity upon the human body for the interest of many practicing clinicians managing this health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Simonds E, Iwanaga J, Kikuta S, Schumacher M, Dupont G, Altafulla J, Yilmaz E, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Case Report of a Pelvic Crossed Fused Renal Ectopic Kidney. Kurume Med J 2020; 66:55-58. [PMID: 32336732 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms661004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a case of a horseshoe kidney with crossed fused renal ectopia. Both of these pathologies are congenital anomalies; however, to date, there are few cases that present with both. In this case, discovered during routine dissection, the fused kidney was mostly left-sided and very low in the pelvis. No renal artery arose from the right wall of the abdominal aorta, and the right renal vein drained into the lower part of the inferior vena cava (IVC) where the right and left common iliac veins joined. It is essential for clinicians and surgeons to understand these types of congenital anomalies, as they could impact patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shogo Kikuta
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Juan Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Santo Tomas
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University
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12
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Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Yilmaz E, Tubbs RS. Connections Between Amyloid Beta and the Meningeal Lymphatics As a Possible Route for Clearance and Therapeutics. Lymphat Res Biol 2020; 18:2-6. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2018.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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13
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Dupont G, Wahl L, Alcala Dominguez T, Wong TL, Haładaj R, Wysiadecki G, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS. Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation. Clin Anat 2020; 33:1181-1186. [PMID: 31960980 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of constipation has evolved from the prescription of dietary supplements, to potent stimulant laxatives, to corrective surgeries for organic blockage. Yet constipation does not respond to a one-size-fits-all treatment. In recent decades, the Bristol Stool Form Scale and Rome III diagnostic criteria have allowed for algorithmic diagnosis, yet these criteria could benefit from further extension and meaningful discussion. This review incorporates pertinent clinical updates and uses the anatomy and physiology of constipation as helpful signposts for the practicing clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tamara Alcala Dominguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - T L Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robert Haładaj
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wysiadecki
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies.,Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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14
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Dupont G, Yilmaz E, Iwanaga J, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Ossification of the mamillo-accessory ligament: a review of the literature and clinical considerations. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:115-119. [PMID: 31338226 PMCID: PMC6624327 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of the mamillo-accessory ligament (MAL) is a misunderstood phenomenon; however, many have posited that it can result in nerve entrapment of the medial branch of the dorsal ramus causing zygapophyseal joint related low back pain. The MAL has been studied anatomically by few, yet the data indicate possible associations between ossification of this ligament and spondylosis. It has been proposed that mechanical stress upon the lumbar spine may also lead to progressive ossification of the MAL into a bony foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. Georg's, Grenada, West Indies
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15
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Iwanaga J, Altafulla JJ, Gutierrez S, Dupont G, Watanabe K, Litvack Z, Tubbs RS. The Petroclinoid Ligament: Its Morphometrics, Relationships, Variations, and Suggestion for New Terminology. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2019; 81:603-609. [PMID: 33381363 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomy and definition of the petroclinoid ligament (PCL) and its relationship with the abducens nerve are variably described. The goal of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the PCL and better elucidate its relationship with the abducens nerve. Thirty-six sides from 18 fresh-frozen adult cadaveric heads were used in this study. Specimens were all Caucasian and derived from 10 males and 8 females. The mean age at death was 79 years. Dissection of the PCL and abducens nerve was performed using a surgical microscope. The anterior and posterior attachments of the PCL, and position of the abducens nerve were noted. Subsequently, the width, thickness, and length of the ligament, and diameter of the abducens nerve were measured. Thirty-one sides (86.1%) were found to have a PCL, on two sides (5.6%), the PCL was ossified, and on three sides (8.3%), the PCL was absent. The width, thickness, and length of the PCL ranged from 0.54 to 3.39, 0.07 to 0.49, and 3.27 to 17.85 mm, respectively. No PCL had an anterior attachment onto the posterior clinoid process but rather, the clivus. Therefore, based on our findings, the PCL would be better described as the petroclival ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Juan J Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Swedish Medical Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Zachary Litvack
- Swedish Medical Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George, Grenada
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16
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Wahl L, Dupont G, Tubbs RS. The simian crease: Relationship to various genetic disorders. Clin Anat 2019; 32:1042-1047. [PMID: 31301248 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The creases of the palm have been of interest for clinicians, anthropologists, and palmists for hundreds of years, but the variations in them have only been studied during the past 50 years. The simian crease, aptly named for its resemblance to the palmar creases of nonhuman simian primates, has received recognition clinically and anthropologically owing to its abnormal appearance and confounding cytogenetic etiology. Given the rarity of these palmar creases but also their usefulness in diagnosing congenital disorders, discussion of cases of those disorders could provide clinicians with further helpful diagnostic knowledge. This review of the literature focuses on the history, embryology, genetic and hereditary origins, and clinical significance of simian creases for the benefit of the diagnosing clinician. Clin. Anat. 32:1042-1047, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Wahl
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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17
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Schmitt PJ, Altafulla JJ, Kikuta S, Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Monteith S, Litvack Z, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. Internal Thoracic Artery to Vertebral Artery Bypass Surgery: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e722-e725. [PMID: 31284060 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posterior circulation strokes account for over one quarter of all ischemic strokes. The frequency of vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS) in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) has been estimated to be as high 26%-32%, and VAOS is the direct cause of posterior circulation strokes in 9% of patients. This association could have a significant genetic component. This study examines the feasibility of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) as a donor vessel for revascularization in patients with VAOS. METHODS Ten sides from 5 fresh-frozen white cadaveric necks derived from 3 women and 2 men were used in this study. The mean age of the cadavers at death was 77.2 years (range, 68-88 years). The subclavian artery, vertebral artery, and ITA were dissected. The length and diameter (proximal and distal) of the V1 segment and the length and diameter of the ITA were recorded. Finally, the ITA was transposed to the V1 segment of the vertebral artery (VA1). RESULTS The mean length of the VA1 and its diameter at the proximal and distal parts were 35.51 and 3.69 mm, respectively. The mean length and diameter of the ITA were 26.53 and 3.27 mm, respectively. Rerouting the ITA to the VA1 was feasible without tension on all sides. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the ITA is anatomically and hemodynamically an excellent option for bypass surgery in a VAOS scenario. We present convincing and reproducible data to aid neurosurgeons in choosing the procedure best suited to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Schmitt
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan J Altafulla
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Shogo Kikuta
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Stephen Monteith
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Litvack
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama
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18
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Dupont G, Altafulla J, Iwanaga J, Watanabe K, Tubbs RS. Ossification of the roof of the porus trigeminus with duplicated abducens nerve. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:211-213. [PMID: 31338240 PMCID: PMC6624332 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ossification of parts of the intracranial dura mater is common and is generally accepted as an age-related finding. Additionally, duplication of the abducens nerve along its course to the lateral rectus muscle is a known, although uncommon anatomical variant. During routine cadaveric dissection, an ossified portion of dura mater traveling over the trigeminal nerve's entrance (porus trigeminus) into the middle cranial fossa was observed unilaterally. Ipsilaterally, a duplicated abducens nerve was also observed, with a unique foramen superolateral to the entrance of Dorello's canal. To our knowledge, there has been no existing report of a simultaneous ossified roof of the porus trigeminus with an ipsilateral duplicated abducens nerve. Herein, we discuss this case and the potential clinical and surgical applications. We believe this case report will be informative for the skull base surgeon in the diagnosis of neuralgic pain in the frontomaxillary, andibular, orbital, and external and middle ear regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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19
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Graber M, Baptiste L, Mohr S, Blanc-Labarre C, Dupont G, Giroud M, Béjot Y. A review of psychosocial factors and stroke: A new public health problem. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:686-692. [PMID: 31130312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of psychosocial factors (PSF) in increased risk of stroke is a novel public health challenge, but unclear definitions for PSF and the multiple stroke subtypes have led to inconsistent reports. A review of this issue is therefore warranted. METHODS Several databases were used for this narrative systematic review (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library). Two independent reviewers evaluated articles from between 2001 and 2018 on the themes of PSF and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). PSF criteria were job strain, psychological interpersonal and behavioral stress, and social deprivation. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and TIA subtypes were also identified. RESULTS Forty-five cohorts, five case-control studies and two meta-analyses were included. Despite mixed results, PSF were associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in populations of all ages, and more predominantly in women. CONCLUSION This broad review shows that the presence of PSF is associated with an increased risk stroke and TIA. As such, PSF must figure in both public health policy and stroke prevention programs, similar to other established metabolic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graber
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - S Mohr
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - G Dupont
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - M Giroud
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| | - Y Béjot
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
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20
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Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Report of an inferior rectal nerve variant arising from the S3 ventral ramus. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:100-101. [PMID: 30984462 PMCID: PMC6449584 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In surgical approaches to the perineum in general and anal region specifically, considering the possible variations of the inferior rectal nerve is important for the surgeon. Normally, the inferior rectal nerve originates as a branch of the pudendal nerve. However, during routine dissection, a variant of the inferior rectal nerve was found where it arose directly from the third sacral nerve ventral ramus (S3). Many cases have described the inferior rectal nerve arising independently from the sacral plexus, most commonly from the fourth sacral nerve root (S4); however, few cases have reported the inferior rectal nerve arising from S3. Herein, we describe a variant of the inferior rectal nerve in which the nerve arises independently from the sacral plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's Univerisity, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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21
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Dupont G, Schmidt C, Yilmaz E, Oskouian RJ, Macchi V, de Caro R, Tubbs RS. Our current understanding of the lymphatics of the brain and spinal cord. Clin Anat 2019; 32:117-121. [PMID: 30362622 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system, segregated from the blood vascular system, is an essential anatomical route along which interstitial fluid, solutes, lipids, immune cells, and cellular debris, are conveyed. However, the way these mechanisms operate within the cranial compartment is mostly unknown. Herein, we review current understanding of the meningeal lymphatics, described anatomically over a century ago yet still poorly understood from a functional standpoint. We will delineate the cellular mechanisms by which the meningeal lymphatics are formed and discuss their unique anatomy. Furthermore, this review will discuss the recently-coined "glymphatic system" and the manner by which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) are exchanged and thus drained by the meningeal lymphatic vasculature as a key route for conveying cellular waste, solutes, and immune traffic to the deep cervical lymph nodes. The clinical relevance of the meningeal lymphatics will also be described, as they are relevant to various common defects of the lymphatic system. Clin. Anat. 32:117-121, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele de Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
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22
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Abstract
The nerve to the mylohyoid (NM) originates from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. The NM provides motor control to the mylohyoid and the anterior belly of the digastric. Its sensory component, as a variation of this nerve, has scantly been described in the literature. We discuss the current clinical implications of the NM based on its anatomical variations of the with the hopes of benefiting patients who are undergoing invasive maxillofacial procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Choi
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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23
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Voorsluijs V, Dawson SP, De Decker Y, Dupont G. Deterministic Limit of Intracellular Calcium Spikes. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:088101. [PMID: 30932600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.088101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In nonexcitable cells, global Ca^{2+} spikes emerge from the collective dynamics of clusters of Ca^{2+} channels that are coupled by diffusion. Current modeling approaches have opposed stochastic descriptions of these systems to purely deterministic models, while both paradoxically appear compatible with experimental data. Combining fully stochastic simulations and mean-field analyses, we demonstrate that these two approaches can be reconciled. Our fully stochastic model generates spike sequences that can be seen as noise-perturbed oscillations of deterministic origin, while displaying statistical properties in agreement with experimental data. These underlying deterministic oscillations arise from a phenomenological spike nucleation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Voorsluijs
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit and Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Ponce Dawson
- Departamento de Física, FCEN-UBA and IFIBA, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón I, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y De Decker
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit and Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are well described in the literature and are frequently observed and treated in clinical practice by neurosurgeons. On the other hand, ectopic adenomas are a diagnostic enigma; a good understanding of anatomy and radiological characteristics is crucial for the successful management of such pathologies. In this paper, we describe the case of a 77-year-old woman who presented with a clival mass invading the left cavernous sinus; we also discuss the associated diagnostic techniques, approaches, imaging options, and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graham Dupont
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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25
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Dupont G, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS, Ishak B. Sudden Headache and Blindness Due to Pituitary (Adenoma) Infarction: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e4059. [PMID: 31016086 PMCID: PMC6464289 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary infarction (PI) is a rare medical emergency appearing in patients with pituitary adenoma, presenting with sudden onset of severe headache, and often associated with vomiting, nausea, visual deterioration, and decreased consciousness. We describe an 83-year-old woman who presented with blindness after a history of severe headache. An urgent computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain had been arranged, and a massive pituitary adenoma with hemorrhage was observed, and admission to the neurosurgical department followed. A multidisciplinary team comprising a neurosurgeon, an ophthalmologist, and an endocrinologist is required to manage such cases. To confirm the diagnosis, an urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) must be performed; CT scan can be indicated if MRI is contraindicated or not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Basem Ishak
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Rai R, Iwanaga J, Dupont G, Oskouian RJ, Loukas M, Oakes WJ, Tubbs RS. Pfeiffer type 2 syndrome: review with updates on its genetics and molecular biology. Childs Nerv Syst 2019:10.1007/s00381-019-04082-7. [PMID: 30740633 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder associated with craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and broad thumbs and toes. The syndrome has been divided into three clinical subtypes based on clinical findings. METHODS This review will specifically examine the most severe type, Pfeiffer syndrome type 2, focusing on its genetics and molecular biology. CONCLUSION This subtype of the syndrome is caused by de novo sporadic mutations, the majority of which occur in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 and 2 (FGFR1/2) genes. There is not one specific mutation, however. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may have varying phenotypic expressions that in various cases have overlapped with other similar craniosynostoses. A specific missense mutation of FGFR2 causing both Pfeiffer and Crouzon syndromes has been identified, with findings suggesting that gene expression may be affected by polymorphism within the same gene. Compared to other craniosynostosis-related disorders, Pfeiffer syndrome is the most extreme phenotype, as the underlying mutations cause wider effects on the secondary and tertiary protein structures and exhibit harsher clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabjot Rai
- Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA.
| | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Ave, James Tower, Suite 600, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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Altafulla J, Iwanaga J, Lachkar S, Prickett J, Dupont G, Yilmaz E, Ishak B, Litvack Z, Tubbs RS. The Great Auricular Nerve: Anatomical Study with Application to Nerve Grafting Procedures. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e403-e407. [PMID: 30703599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When it comes to autogenous nerve grafting, the sural and great auricular nerve (GAN) are the 2 nerves predominately used for trigeminal and facial nerve repair. Arising from the second and third cervical ventral rami, the GAN emerges from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid coursing superiorly and anteriorly toward the ear. METHODS Eleven sides from 5 Caucasian and 1 Asian cadaveric heads (all fresh-frozen) were used. One man and 5 women were used with an age at death ranging from 57 to 91 years, with a mean of 80.3 years. Measurements were made from the inferior border of the ear to the GAN, the GAN to the external jugular vein, and the inferior border of the mastoid process to the GAN; the proximal, medial, and distal diameters of the GAN and the length of the GAN that was obtained from this exposure were also measured. RESULTS The mean distance from the inferior border of the mastoid process to the GAN, inferior border of the ear to the GAN, and GAN to the external jugular vein was 27.71, 31.03, and 13.28 mm, respectively. The mean length of the GAN was 74.86 mm. The mean diameter of its distal, middle, and proximal portions was 1.51, 1.38, and 1.58 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The GAN is an excellent option for use in nerve grafting for repair of, for example, facial dysfunction. In this study, we review our measurements, techniques for identification, and dissecting techniques for the GAN. The proximity to the operative area and minimal complications associated with GAN grafting might contribute to improved patient satisfaction and better outcomes regarding functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | | | - Joshua Prickett
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Litvack
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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Ishak B, Gnanadev R, Dupont G, Kikuta S, Altafulla J, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS. Gerber's Ligament-A Forgotten Structure of the Craniocervical Junction. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:e707-e709. [PMID: 30660889 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligaments of the craniocervical junction play a critical role in stabilizing this region. Gerber's ligament has more or less been forgotten and, to our knowledge, never studied. METHODS Dissection of the craniocervical junction was performed in 15 fresh frozen cadavers. In the prone position, the posterior elements of the upper cervical vertebrae and occiput were removed. After removing the contents of the spinal canal and posterior cranial fossa, the dura mater and tectorial membrane were reflected. The superior band of the cruciform ligament was reflected. When Gerber's ligament was identified, its attachments and morphometry were recorded. Lastly, Gerber's ligament was observed while range of motion of the craniocervical junction was performed. RESULTS Gerber's ligament was identified in 7 specimens (46.7%). This structure arose anteriorly from the junction of the superior band and transverse part of the cruciform ligament. Gerber's ligament was always found to be just deep to the superior band of the cruciform ligament but traveled more anteriorly to attach onto the posterior aspect of the dens approaching, but not attaching onto, its apex. Mean length was 11 mm, and mean width was 7 mm. Thickness of the ligament was 0.5-1.1 mm. The ligament was found to become taut with minimal rotation of the atlantoaxial joint and extension of the craniocervical junction. CONCLUSIONS A good understanding of all ligaments of the craniocervical junction is important to surgeons and physicians treating patients with injury to the upper cervical spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raja Gnanadev
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shogo Kikuta
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Altafulla JJ, Lachkar S, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Bilateral sternocleidomastoid variant with six distinct insertions along the superior nuchal line. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 51:305-308. [PMID: 30637167 PMCID: PMC6318458 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical variations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) have been observed to occupy multiple origins and insertion points and have supernumerary heads, sometimes varying in thickness. During routine dissection, a SCM was observed to have six distinct insertions that interface with the course of the superior nuchal line, ending at the midline, bilaterally. This variation was also seen to receive innervation from the accessory nerve as well as the great auricular nerve. To our knowledge, this variant of supernumerary insertions and nerve innervations has not yet been reported. These variants may pose as problematic during surgical approaches to the upper neck and occiput, and should thus be appreciated by the clinician. Herein we discuss the case report, possible embryological origins, and the clinical significance of the observed variant SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan J Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. Geroge's, Grenada, West Indies
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Dupont G, Yilmaz E, Loukas M, Macchi V, De Caro R, Tubbs RS. Human embryonic stem cells: Distinct molecular personalities and applications in regenerative medicine. Clin Anat 2018; 32:354-360. [PMID: 30521112 PMCID: PMC6850663 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of stem cell biology is exciting because it provides researchers and clinicians with seemingly unlimited applications for treating many human diseases. Stem cells are a renewable source of pluripotent cells that can differentiate into nearly all human cell types. In this article we focus particularly on human embryonic stem (hES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and cultured for expansion while remaining undifferentiated, to explore their unique molecular personalities and clinical applications. The aim of this literature review is to reflect the interest in hES cells and to provide a resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the molecular characteristics of such cells. Clin. Anat. 32:354–360, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies
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Abstract
The anterior communicating artery is one of the main components of the vascular network that delivers blood to the brain. Therefore, a good understanding of the normal anatomy and its variations is important to neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other health care providers dealing with the central nervous system. Here, we present a case of a median artery of the corpus callosum found in a cadaver, with consideration of cerebral hemodynamics implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graham Dupont
- Neurological Surgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle , USA
| | - Stefan Lachkar
- Clinical Anatomy, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Abstract
Variants of gluteal neural anatomy are important to consider, especially during surgical approaches to the hip. During the routine dissection of the gluteal region, a variant of the sciatic nerve was found where the nerve left the pelvis fully split into its tibial and common fibular components. Intrapelvically and extrapelvically, there was no splitting of the two components by the piriformis muscle. Distally, the two parts of the nerve were draped over the medial and lateral edges of the ischial tuberosity. To avoid iatrogenic injury to the sciatic nerve during invasive or surgical approaches to this region, all possible anatomical variations, such as the one presented herein, should be appreciated by the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Neuroscience Institute, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle , USA
| | - Florence Unno
- Hansjörg Wyss Hip and Pelvis Center, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Rod J Oskouian
- Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Dupont G, Gavory J, Lambert P, Tsekouras N, Barbe N, Presles E, Bouvet L, Molliex S. Ultrasonographic gastric volume before unplanned surgery. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:1112-1116. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Dupont
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - J. Gavory
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - P. Lambert
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - N. Tsekouras
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - N. Barbe
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
| | - E. Presles
- Inserm; Saint-Etienne France
- CHU Saint-Etienne, Hôpital Nord; Service Unité de Recherche Clinique; Innovation et Pharmacologie; Saint-Etienne France
| | - L. Bouvet
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Femme Mère Enfant Hospital; Bron France
- VetAgro Sup; Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires dans le Sepsis; Marcy-l'Etoile France
| | - S. Molliex
- Département d'Anesthésie - Réanimation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne; Saint-Étienne France
- Inserm; Lyon France
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Alibrahim M, Stébé MJ, Dupont G, Ravey JC. Influence d’un tensioactif ionique sur le comportement de phase d’un système à base de tensioactif non ionique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/jcp/1997941614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Bouvet L, Desgranges FP, Aubergy C, Boselli E, Dupont G, Allaouchiche B, Chassard D. Prevalence and factors predictive of full stomach in elective and emergency surgical patients: a prospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:372-379. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Dupont G, Collignon N. [NEW SURGICAL APPROACH IN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA: XEN GEL STENT A MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUE]. Rev Med Liege 2016; 71:90-93. [PMID: 27141652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive ocular disease affecting adults and associated with visual field defect. The aim of its treatment is to lower the ocular pressure by means of ocular drops, laser or surgery. To date, traditional surgical techniques still remain quite invasive, but recent research efforts have been made with a view to develop minimally invasive techniques. The Xen Gel Stent is one of them. It allows a safe and efficient lowering of ocular pressure by creating a sub-conjunctival flow, following an ab interno procedure that highly preserves the architecture of the treated eye.
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Gross A, Paquin JP, Blanchette S, Lalonde P, Christie T, Dupont G, Kay T, Graham N, Burnie S, Gelley G, Goldsmith C, Forget M, Hoving J, Brønfort G, Santaguida P. Exercise for mechanical neck disorders: a cochrane systematic review update. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nedelec
- UDSL, Univ Lille Nord de France, EA 4488, Lille, France
| | - U. Wisloff
- NTNU, Circulation and Medical Imaging, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. McCall
- UDSL, Univ Lille Nord de France, EA 4488, Lille, France
| | - S. Berthoin
- UDSL, Univ Lille Nord de France, EA 4488, Lille, France
| | - G. Dupont
- UDSL, Univ Lille Nord de France, EA 4488, Lille, France
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Goldbeter A, Gérard C, Gonze D, Leloup JC, Dupont G. Systems biology of cellular rhythms. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2955-65. [PMID: 22841722 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhythms abound in biological systems, particularly at the cellular level where they originate from the feedback loops present in regulatory networks. Cellular rhythms can be investigated both by experimental and modeling approaches, and thus represent a prototypic field of research for systems biology. They have also become a major topic in synthetic biology. We review advances in the study of cellular rhythms of biochemical rather than electrical origin by considering a variety of oscillatory processes such as Ca++ oscillations, circadian rhythms, the segmentation clock, oscillations in p53 and NF-κB, synthetic oscillators, and the oscillatory dynamics of cyclin-dependent kinases driving the cell cycle. Finally we discuss the coupling between cellular rhythms and their robustness with respect to molecular noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Rojas-López AE, Soldevila G, Meza-Pérez S, Dupont G, Ostoa-Saloma P, Wurbel MA, Ventura-Juárez J, Flores-Romo L, García-Zepeda EA. CCR9+ T cells contribute to the resolution of the inflammatory response in a mouse model of intestinal amoebiasis. Immunobiology 2012; 217:795-807. [PMID: 22633147 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in amoebiasis is important to understand the immunopathology of the disease. Mucosal associated effector and regulatory T cells may play a role in regulating the inflammatory immune response associated to Entamoeba histolytica infection in the colon. A subpopulation of regulatory T cells has recently been identified and is characterized by the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9. In this report, we used CCR9 deficient (CCR9(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of the CCR9(+) T cells in a murine model of E. histolytica intestinal infection. Intracecal infection of CCR9(+/+), CCR9(+/-) and CCR9(-/-) mice with E. histolytica trophozoites, revealed striking differences in the development and nature of the intestinal inflammatory response observed between these strains. While CCR9(+/+) and CCR9(+/-) mice were resistant to the infection and resolved the pathogen-induced inflammatory response, CCR9(-/-) mice developed a chronic inflammatory response, which was associated with over-expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17, while IL-10 was not present. In addition, increased levels of CCL11, CCL20 and CCL28 chemokines were detected by qRT-PCR in CCR9(-/-) mice. E. histolytica trophozoites were identified in the lumen of the cecum of CCR9(-/-) mice at seven days post infection (pi), whereas in CCR9(+/+) mice trophozoites disappeared by day 1 pi. Interestingly, the inflammation observed in CCR9(-/-) mice, was associated with a delayed recruitment of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells to the cecal epithelium and lamina propria, suggesting that this population may play a role in the early regulation of the inflammatory response against E. histolytica, likely through IL-10 production. In support of these data, CCR9(+) T cells were also identified in colon tissue sections obtained from patients with amoebic colitis. Our data suggest that a population of CCR9(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells may participate in the control and resolution of the inflammatory immune response to E. histolytica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Rojas-López
- CBRL, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Prieur F, Dupont G, Blondel N, Mucci P. Hyperoxia does not accelerate quadriceps muscle deoxygenation kinetics at the onset of heavy exercise cycle. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2012; 52:137-143. [PMID: 22525648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in O2 availability induces an alteration of the balance between O2 consumption ((V)O2) and O2 delivery ((Q)O2) at the muscle level. For that, we examined the effect of moderate hyperoxia on muscle deoxygenation kinetics at the onset of heavy-intensity cycling exercise. METHODS Eight young male adults performed step transitions from 35 W to heavy-intensity exercise corresponding to a power output half-way between the first ventilatory threshold and (V)O2max in normoxia and in hyperoxia (FIO2=0.30). Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and total hemoglobin (Hbtot) were monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy. HHb data were fit with a mono-exponential model from the onset of exercise up to 90 seconds. RESULTS Hyperoxia neither altered the delay before the increase in HHb (normoxia: 10.7±1.8 s vs. hyperoxia: 9.5±1.9 s; NS) nor the HHb mean response time (normoxia: 20.6±2.8 s vs. hyperoxia: 19.6±2.3 s; NS). Likewise, Hbtot was not different between normoxia and hyperoxia. CONCLUSION These results indicate that moderate hyperoxia has no effect on muscle deoxygenation kinetics at the onset of heavy exercise. It suggests that muscle (V)O2 increases at the same rate than O2 delivery when O2 availability is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Prieur
- Laboratoire AMAPP, EA 4248, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
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Carling C, Le Gall F, Dupont G. Are Physical Performance and Injury Risk in a Professional Soccer Team in Match-Play Affected Over a Prolonged Period of Fixture Congestion? Int J Sports Med 2011; 33:36-42. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Carling
- LOSC Lille Métropole Football Club, Domain de Luchin, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France
| | - F. Le Gall
- LOSC Lille Métropole Football Club, Domain de Luchin, Camphin-en-Pévèle, France
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Abou-Lovergne A, Collado-Hilly M, Monnet FP, Koukoui O, Prigent S, Coquil JF, Dupont G, Combettes L. Investigation of the role of sigma1-receptors in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate dependent calcium signaling in hepatocytes. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:62-72. [PMID: 21641033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In hepatocytes, as in other cell types, Ca(2+) signaling is subject to complex regulations, which result largely from the intrinsic characteristics of the different inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) isoforms and from their interactions with other proteins. Although sigma1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are widely expressed in the liver, their involvement in hepatic Ca(2+) signaling remains unknown. We here report that in this cell type Sig-1R interact with type 1 isoforms of the InsP(3) receptors (InsP(3)R-1). These results obtained by immunoprecipitation experiments are confirmed by the observation that Sig-1R proteins and InsP(3)R-1 colocalize in hepatocytes. However, Sig-1R ligands have no effect on InsP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release in hepatocytes. This can be explained by the rather low expression level expression of InsP(3)R-1. In contrast, we find that Sig-1R ligands can inhibit agonist-induced Ca(2+) signaling via an inhibitory effect on InsP(3) synthesis. We show that this inhibition is due to the stimulation of PKC activity by Sig-1R, resulting in the well-known down-regulation of the signaling pathway responsible for the transduction of the extracellular stimulus into InsP(3) synthesis. The PKC sensitive to Sig-1R activity belongs to the family of conventional PKC, but the precise molecular mechanism of this regulation remains to be elucidated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Fura-2/pharmacology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/analysis
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Pentazocine/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, sigma/analysis
- Receptors, sigma/metabolism
- Receptors, sigma/physiology
- Vasopressins/pharmacology
- Sigma-1 Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abou-Lovergne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité UMR-S757, France
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45
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Carling C, Dupont G, Le Gall F. The Effect of a Cold Environment on Physical Activity Profiles in Elite Soccer Match-Play. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32:542-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Thys J, Dupont G, Rakic JM. [VEGF inhibitors in ophthalmology]. Rev Med Liege 2009; 64:323-326. [PMID: 19642468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The exsudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) under the retina driven in part by the vascular endothelial growth factor. Several VEGF inhibitors have recently been produced for ocular administration. This review will focus on ranibizumab which is a specific antibody neutralizing all VEGF isoforms. The development, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, current and future indications of ranibizumab are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thys
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU de Liège, Belgique
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47
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Creuzot-Garcher C, Aubé H, Candé F, Dupont G, Guillaubey A, Malvitte L, Arnavielle S, Bron A. [Vitreoretinal outpatient surgery: clinical and financial considerations]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008; 31:871-6. [PMID: 19107058 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(08)74727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitreoretinal surgery has benefited from great advances opening the opportunity for outpatient management. METHODS We report on the 6-month experience of outpatient surgery for vitreoretinal diseases. RESULTS From November 2007 to April 2008, 270 patients benefited from a vitreoretinal surgery, with 173 retinal detachments, 63 epiretinal membranes, and 34 other procedures. Only 8.5% (n=23) of the patients had to stay at the hospital one or two nights. The main reasons were the distance from the hospital and surgery on a single-eye patient. The questionnaire given after the surgery showed that almost all the patients were satisfied with the outpatient setting. In contrast, the financial results showed a loss of income of around 400,000 euros due to the low level of payment of outpatient surgery in France by the national health insurance system. DISCUSSION Vitreoretinal surgery can be achieved in outpatient surgery with an improvement in the information given to the patients and the overall organization of the hospitalization. However, the current income provided with vitreoretinal outpatient surgery is highly disadvantageous in France, preventing this method from being generalized.
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48
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Borghans JM, Dupont G, Goldbeter A. Complex intracellular calcium oscillations. A theoretical exploration of possible mechanisms. Biophys Chem 2007; 66:25-41. [PMID: 17029867 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(97)00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1996] [Revised: 01/13/1997] [Accepted: 01/16/1997] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations are commonly observed in a large number of cell types in response to stimulation by an extracellular agonist. In most cell types the mechanism of regular spiking is well understood and models based on Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) can account for many experimental observations. However, cells do not always exhibit simple Ca(2+) oscillations. In response to given agonists, some cells show more complex behaviour in the form of bursting, i.e. trains of Ca(2+) spikes separated by silent phases. Here we develop several theoretical models, based on physiologically plausible assumptions, that could account for complex intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations. The models are all based on one- or two-pool models based on CICR. We extend these models by (i) considering the inhibition of the Ca(2+)-release channel on a unique intracellular store at high cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations, (ii) taking into account the Ca(2+)-activated degradation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), or (iii) considering explicity the evolution of the Ca(2+) concentration in two different pools, one sensitive and the other one insensitive to IP(3). Besides simple periodic oscillations, these three models can all account for more complex oscillatory behaviour in the form of bursting. Moreover, the model that takes the kinetics of IP(3) into account shows chaotic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Borghans
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, C.P. 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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49
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Bosquet L, Delhors PR, Duchene A, Dupont G, Leger L. Anaerobic Running Capacity Determined from a 3-Parameter Systems Model: Relationship with other Anaerobic Indices and with Running Performance in the 800 m-Run. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:495-500. [PMID: 17541880 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare anaerobic running capacity (ARC, i.e., the distance that can be run using only stored energy sources in the muscle) determined from a 3-parameter systems model with other anaerobic indices and with running performance in the 800 m. Seventeen trained male subjects (.VO(2max) = 66.54 +/- 7.29 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)) performed an incremental test to exhaustion for the determination of .VO(2max) and peak treadmill velocity (PTV), five randomly ordered constant velocity tests at 95, 100, 105, 110, and 120 % of PTV to compute ARC and oxygen deficit (O(2)def, at 110 % of PTV), and a 800-m time trial to determine running performance (mean velocity over the distance, V (800 m)) and peak blood lactate concentration ([La (-)] (b, peak)). ARC (467 +/- 123 m) was positively correlated with O(2)def (56.35 +/- 18.47 ml . kg (-1); r = 0.57; p < 0.05), but not with [La (-)] (b, peak) (15.08 +/- 1.48 mmol . l (-1); r = - 0.16; p > 0.05). The O(2) equivalent of ARC (i.e., the product of ARC by the energy cost of running; 103.74 +/- 28.25 ml . kg (-1)), which is considered as an indirect estimation of O(2)def, was significantly higher than O(2)def (p < 0.01, effect size = 1.99). It was concluded that ARC is partially determined by anaerobic pathway, but that it probably does not provide an accurate measure of anaerobic capacity, if, however, O(2)def can be considered as a criterion measure for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bosquet
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Lille 2, Ronchin, France.
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50
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Bosquet L, Duchene A, Dupont G, Leger L, Carter H. V·O2 Kinetics during Supramaximal Exercise: Relationship with Oxygen Deficit and 800-m Running Performance. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28:518-24. [PMID: 17357962 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare .VO2 kinetics of highly- versus recreationally-trained subjects during a constant velocity test of supramaximal intensity. Eighteen trained male subjects were recruited to one of two groups: highly trained (HT, n = 8, .VO(2max) = 70.1 +/- 6.5 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)) and recreationally trained (RT, n = 10, .VO(2max) = 63.2 +/- 6.4 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1)). All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion for the determination of .VO(2max) and peak treadmill velocity (PTV), two constant velocity tests at 110 % of PTV to determine .VO2 kinetics and oxygen deficit (O(2)def), and a 800-m time trial to determine running performance (mean velocity over the distance, V (800 m)). We found significant differences between HT and RT for the on-transient of the .VO2 response (tau, 24.7 +/- 3.3 and 30.9 +/- 7.0 s, respectively), the amplitude of the .VO2 response (60.0 +/- 5.0 and 53.5 +/- 5.7 ml . min (-1) . kg (-1), respectively) and V (800 m) (6.27 +/- 2.1 and 5.45 +/- 0.38 m . s (-1), respectively). O(2)def (24.6 +/- 2.7 and 27.7 +/- 7.8 ml . kg (-1), respectively) and the gain of the .VO2 response (193 +/- 14 and 194 +/- 13 ml . kg (-1) . m (-1), respectively) were similar between groups. tau was associated with O(2)def (r = 0.90, p < 0.05), but not with V (800 m) (r = 0.30, p > 0.05). It was concluded that HT subjects exhibited faster on-kinetics and higher amplitude than their RT counterparts. The higher amplitude was not thought to reflect any difference in underlying physiological mechanisms. The faster tau, whose exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated, may have practical implications for coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bosquet
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Lille 2, Ronchin, France.
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