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Lachkar S, Guisier F, Dantoing E, Thiberville L, Salaün M. [The role of endoscopy in the management of peripheral pulmonary nodules, part 2: Treatment]. Rev Mal Respir 2024:S0761-8425(24)00172-4. [PMID: 38580585 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The management of peripheral lung nodules is challenging, requiring specialized skills and sophisticated technologies. The diagnosis now appears accessible to advanced endoscopy (see Part 1), which can also guide treatment of these nodules; this second part provides an overview of endoscopy techniques that can enhance surgical treatment through preoperative marking, and stereotactic radiotherapy treatment through fiduciary marker placement. Finally, we will discuss how, in the near future, these advanced endoscopic techniques will help to implement ablation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lachkar
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - F Guisier
- Department of Pneumology and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E Dantoing
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Thiberville
- Department of Pneumology and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Salaün
- Department of Pneumology and Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
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2
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Singh S, Pugliano CM, Honaker Y, Laird A, DeGottardi MQ, Lopez E, Lachkar S, Stoffers C, Sommer K, Khan IF, Rawlings DJ. Efficient and sustained FOXP3 locus editing in hematopoietic stem cells as a therapeutic approach for IPEX syndrome. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101183. [PMID: 38282895 PMCID: PMC10818254 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene, required for generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Loss of Treg cells leads to immune dysregulation characterized by multi-organ autoimmunity and early mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can be curative, but success is limited by autoimmune complications, donor availability and/or graft-vs.-host disease. Correction of FOXP3 in autologous HSC utilizing a homology-directed repair (HDR)-based platform may provide a safer alternative therapy. Here, we demonstrate efficient editing of FOXP3 utilizing co-delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes and adeno-associated viral vectors to achieve HDR rates of >40% in vitro using mobilized CD34+ cells from multiple donors. Using this approach to deliver either a GFP or a FOXP3 cDNA donor cassette, we demonstrate sustained bone marrow engraftment of approximately 10% of HDR-edited cells in immune-deficient recipient mice at 16 weeks post-transplant. Further, we show targeted integration of FOXP3 cDNA in CD34+ cells from an IPEX patient and expression of the introduced FOXP3 transcript in gene-edited primary T cells from both healthy individuals and IPEX patients. Our combined findings suggest that refinement of this approach is likely to provide future clinical benefit in IPEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cole M. Pugliano
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yuchi Honaker
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Aidan Laird
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - M. Quinn DeGottardi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ezra Lopez
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Stefan Lachkar
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Claire Stoffers
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Iram F. Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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3
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Lachkar S, Guisier F, Thiberville L, Dantoing E, Salaün M. [Advanced bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of peripheral lung nodule]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:810-819. [PMID: 37798173 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung nodules is a challenging aspect of oncological practice. More often than not inaccessible by traditional endoscopy, these nodules necessitate multiple imagery tests, as well as diagnostic surgery for benign lesions. Even though transthoracic ultrasonography has a high diagnostic yield, a sizeable complication rate renders it suboptimal. Over recent years, a number of safe and accurate navigational bronchoscopic procedures have been developed. In this first part, we provide an overview of the bronchoscopic techniques currently applied for the excision and diagnostic analysis of peripheral lung nodules; emphasis is laid on electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy and the association of virtual bronchoscopy planner with radial endobronchial ultrasound. We conclude by considering recent innovations, notably robotic bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lachkar
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - F Guisier
- Department of Pneumology, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Thiberville
- Department of Pneumology, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E Dantoing
- Department of Pneumology, CHU de Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Salaün
- Department of Pneumology, UNIROUEN, LITIS Lab QuantIF team EA4108, CHU de Rouen, Normandie University, Inserm CIC-CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
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4
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Guibert N, Dutau H, Escarguel B, Egenod T, Fournier C, Legodec J, Trosini-Desert V, Lorut C, Lachkar S, Vergnon JM. L’essor de la pneumologie interventionnelle : une série spéciale coordonnée par le GETIF. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:409-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Ishak B, Pierre CA, Ansari D, Lachkar S, von Glinski A, Unterberg AW, Oskouian RJ, Chapman JR. A novel anatomo-physiologic high-grade spondylolisthesis model to evaluate L5 nerve stretch injury after spondylolisthesis reduction. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:1741-1746. [PMID: 34964070 PMCID: PMC8976797 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
L5 nerve palsy is a well-known complication following reduction of high-grade spondylolisthesis. While several mechanisms for its occurrence have been proposed, the hypothesis of L5 nerve root strain or displacement secondary to mechanical reduction remains poorly studied. The aim of this cadaveric study is to determine changes in morphologic parameters of the L5 nerve root during simulated intraoperative reduction of high-grade spondylolisthesis. A standard posterior approach to the lumbosacral junction was performed in eight fresh-frozen cadavers with lumbosacral or lumbopelvic screw fixation. Wide decompressions of the spinal canal and L5 nerve roots with complete facetectomies were accomplished with full exposure of the L5 nerve roots. A 100% translational slip was provoked by release of the iliolumbar ligaments and cutting the disc with the attached anterior longitudinal ligament. To evaluate the path of the L5 nerves during reduction maneuvers, metal bars were inserted bilaterally at the inferomedial aspects of the L5 pedicle at a distance of 10 mm from the midpoint of the L5 pedicle screws. There was no measurable change in length of the L5 nerve roots after 50% and 100% reduction of spondylolisthesis. Mechanical strain or displacement during reduction is an unlikely cause of L5 nerve root injury. Further anatomical or physiological studies are necessary to explore alternative mechanisms of L5 nerve palsy in the setting of high-grade spondylolisthesis correction, and surgeons should favor extensive surgical decompression of the L5 nerve roots when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alexander von Glinski
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA.,Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas W Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
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6
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Ishak B, von Glinski A, Dupont G, Lachkar S, Yilmaz E, Iwanaga J, Unterberg A, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS, Chapman JR. Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction, Part II: Alar Ligament. Global Spine J 2021; 11:1064-1069. [PMID: 32691628 PMCID: PMC8351059 DOI: 10.1177/2192568220941452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE The strength of the alar ligament has been described inconsistently, possibly because of the nonphysiological biomechanical testing models, and the inability to test the ligament with both attachments simultaneously. The purpose of this biomechanical model was to reevaluate the alar ligament's tensile strength with both bony attachments, while also keeping the transverse ligament intact, all in a more physiological biomechanical model that mimics the mechanism of traumatic injury closely. METHODS Eleven fresh-frozen occipito-atlanto-axial (C0-C1-C2) specimens were harvested from individuals whose mean age at death was 77.4 years (range 46-97 years). Only the alar and transverse ligaments were preserved, and the bony C0-C1-C2 complex was left intact. Axial tension was exerted on the dens to displace it posteriorly, while the occipito-axial complex was fixed anteriorly. A device that applies controlled increasing force was used to test the tensile strength (M2-200, Mark-10 Corporation). RESULTS The mean force required for the alar ligament to fail was 394 ± 52 N (range 317-503 N). However, both the right and left alar ligaments ruptured simultaneously in 10 specimens. The ligament failed most often at the dens (n = 10), followed by occipital condyle rupture (n = 1). The transverse ligament remained intact in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS When both the right and left alar ligament were included, the total alar ligament failure occurred at an average force of 394 N. The alar ligament failed before the transverse ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Basem Ishak, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander von Glinski
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,BG University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,BG University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rod Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA,St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
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7
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Ishak B, Dupont G, Lachkar S, Yilmaz E, Glinski AV, Altafulla J, Kikuta S, Iwanaga J, Chapman JR, Oskouian R, Tubbs RS. Update on the Biomechanics of the Craniocervical Junction-Part I: Transverse Atlantal Ligament in the Elderly. Global Spine J 2021; 11:180-186. [PMID: 32875854 PMCID: PMC7882814 DOI: 10.1177/2192568219896544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE The transverse ligament is the strongest ligament of the craniocervical junction and plays a critical role in atlanto-axial stability. The goal of this cadaveric study, and the subsequent study (part II), was to reevaluate the force required for the transverse ligament and alar ligament to fail in a more physiological biomechanical model in elderly specimens. METHODS Twelve C1-2 specimens were harvested from fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers with a mean age at death of 81 years (range 68-89 years). Only the transverse ligament was preserved, and the bony C1-2 complex was left intact. The dens was pulled away from the anterior arch of C1 using a strength test machine that applies controlled increasing force. After testing, the axis was split in half to check for hidden pathologies and osteoporosis. The differences in the failure force between sex and age groups (group 1: <80 years, group 2: >80 years) were compared. RESULTS The mean force required for the transverse ligament to fail was 236.2 ± 66 N (range 132-326 N). All but 2 specimens had significant osteoporotic loss of trabecular bone. No significant differences between sex and age groups were found. CONCLUSIONS The transverse ligament's failure in elderly specimens occurred at an average force of 236 N, which was lower than that reported in the previous literature. The ligament's failure force in younger patients differs and may be similar to the findings published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Basem Ishak, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | | | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rod Oskouian
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA,St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies
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8
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Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Newton E, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. Split Azygos Vein: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e13362. [PMID: 33747658 PMCID: PMC7970156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The azygos venous system, which comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins, assists in blood drainage into the superior vena cava (SVC) from the thoracic cage and portions of the posterior mediastinum. Routine dissection of a fresh-frozen cadaveric specimen revealed a split azygos vein. The azygos vein branched off the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the second lumbar vertebra as a single trunk and then split into two tributaries after forming a venous plexus. The right side of this system drained into the SVC and, inferiorly, the collective system drained into the IVC. Variant forms in the venous system, especially the vena cavae, are prone to dilation and tortuosity, leading to an increased likelihood of injury. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the azygos vein is important for surgeons who use an anterior approach to the spine for diverse procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Emma Newton
- Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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9
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body part III: Cardiovascular, digestive, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive. Clin Anat 2020; 34:307-311. [PMID: 33170983 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This third installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body discusses the endocrine, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems. Obesity is known to upset hormonal balance, leading to widespread metabolic disorders involving organs such as the liver and pancreas. Furthermore, the hypersecretion of leptin from adipose tissue triggers various responses from the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, with implications for energy and nutrient balance and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body part II: Nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems. Clin Anat 2020; 34:303-306. [PMID: 33048388 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This second installment of The Effects of Obesity on the Human Body considers the nervous, respiratory, and lymphatic systems. Those with obesity face countless psychological hurdles in addition to the respiratory burden and widespread inflammation that can suppress the immune system, resulting in the accumulation of excess fluid in body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Dupont G, Bordes SJ, Lachkar S, Wahl L, Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. The effects of obesity on the human body, part I: Skin and musculoskeletal. Clin Anat 2020; 34:297-302. [PMID: 32986278 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide issue that many global health authorities consider a growing epidemic. Having a positive correlation between increases in the industrialization of processed foods and sedentary occupations as well as a lack of access to healthcare in poorer socioeconomic areas, obesity is a multifactorial disease affecting several organ systems. The tendency for obesity to cause detrimental changes to the human body is a focal point for healthcare providers to establish more effective clinical treatment and management plans. Implementing comprehensive global educational programs to decrease the prevalence of this unforgiving disease is imperative for a healthier future. Herein, we have provided a comprehensive review of the health effects of obesity upon the human body for the interest of many practicing clinicians managing this health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen J Bordes
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | | | - Lauren Wahl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Anatomy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Lachkar S, Couraud S, Salaün M, Roger M, Bota S, Guisier F, Thiberville L. Self-expanding metallic Y-stent compared to silicone Y-stent for malignant lesions of the main carina: A single center retrospective study. Respir Med Res 2020; 78:100767. [PMID: 32498021 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bifurcation stents are often required in patients with malignant airway obstruction or fistulization involving the main carina. The silicone Y stent is the most used but remains challenging to place. The self-expanding metallic Y (SEM) stent appears easy to use. The objective is to report the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerance of SEM Y stent compared to silicone Y stent in patients with malignant tumors involving the main carina. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective single center study was performed between May 2004 and May 2017. All patients with malignant carina involvement treated with a bronchial Y stent were included. RESULTS Forty silicone Y stents and 38 SEM Y stents were placed. Seven stenting placements failed in the silicone Y group but none in the SEM Y stent group (P=0.008). The median duration of the procedure was 80min (25-210) in the silicone Y group and.50min (25-110min) in the SEM Y group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of early or late complications between the 2 groups. Nine silicone Y stents (26.5%) and 7 SEM Y stents (18.4%) were removed (P=0.4). The median survival time following stent insertion was 171 days (Interquartile range (IQR): 53-379) in the silicone Y group and 104 days (IQR: 53-230) in the SEM Y group. CONCLUSION If silicone Y stent remains the best solution for benign obstruction, SEM Y stent seems to be an easy alternative with no difference in terms of complication or ablation for malignant lesions involving the main carina.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lachkar
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - S Couraud
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - M Salaün
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, QuantIF- LITIS EA 4108, Department of Pulmonology, Rouen University Hospital, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Roger
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - S Bota
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - F Guisier
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, QuantIF- LITIS EA 4108, Department of Pulmonology, Rouen University Hospital, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - L Thiberville
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 1, rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, QuantIF- LITIS EA 4108, Department of Pulmonology, Rouen University Hospital, Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC- CRB 1404, 76000 Rouen, France
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13
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Vergnon JM, Trosini-Desert V, Fournier C, Lachkar S, Dutau H, Guibert N, Escarguel B, Froudarakis M. Bronchoscopy use in the COVID-19 era. Respir Med Res 2020; 78:100760. [PMID: 32474396 PMCID: PMC7204699 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2020.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-M Vergnon
- Department of chest diseases and thoracic oncology, North Hospital, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - V Trosini-Desert
- Service de pneumologie, médecine Intensive et réanimation, département R3S, groupe hospitalier universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne-Université site Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Fournier
- Pôle Cœur Poumon, clinique de pneumologie, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - S Lachkar
- Thoracic Oncology and Respiratory Intensive Care & CIC-CRB 1404, Department of Pulmonology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - H Dutau
- Thoracic Endoscopy Unit, North University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - N Guibert
- Thoracic Endoscopy Unit, Larrey University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - B Escarguel
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - M Froudarakis
- Department of chest diseases and thoracic oncology, North Hospital, university hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France
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14
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Butt N, Baek WK, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Mian A, Blaak C, Shah S, Griessenauer C, Tubbs RS, Loukas M. The carotid body and associated tumors: updated review with clinical/surgical significance. Br J Neurosurg 2019; 33:500-503. [PMID: 31130023 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2019.1617404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The carotid body functions as a chemoreceptor and receives richer blood supply, by weight, than any other organ in the body. We review the literature regarding the anatomy, histology, and function of the carotid body and the incidence, functionality, and clinical relevance of carotid body tumors and paragangliomas. These lesions are often nonfunctional but can be associated with catecholamine secretion. Most patients are asymptomatic or present initially with a cervical mass. As the tumors grow, they can impinge on nearby cranial nerves. Although there is some debate, the dominant clinical strategy is to surgically resect these tumors as early as possible. If they are resected early, the risk of postoperative neurovascular injury is minimized. Methods: Literature search was performed using the PubMed database with focus on articles including descriptions of the carotid body and associated tumors. Results: We reviewed recent literature that related to the anatomy of the carotid body while also including carotid pargangliomas and associated diagnosis with treatment interventions. Conclusion: As the carotid body serves as a vital modulator of cardiovascular and respiratory functions, illustrates the importance of identifying potential carotid paragangliomas due its ability to impede function of the carotid body. By understanding carotid paraganglioma's distinct etiologies while also understanding proper diagnosis of tumors allows for early detection and appropriate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Butt
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
| | - Woong Kee Baek
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
| | - Stefan Lachkar
- Clinical Anatomy, Seattle Science Foundation , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Clinical Anatomy, Seattle Science Foundation , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Asma Mian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
| | - Christa Blaak
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
| | - Sameer Shah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
| | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
- Clinical Anatomy, Seattle Science Foundation , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University , St. George's, Grenada , West Indies
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15
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Abstract
The xiphoid process of the sternum lies in the epigastric region and functions to serve as an attachment point for vital muscles that aid in respiration. With the xiphoid process extending as the most inferior portion of the sternum, variable morphology is widely observed. During a routine dissection of a 44-year-old Caucasian male cadaver, we discovered a hook-shaped, elongated xiphoid process that protruded dorsally. Potential clinical significance can arise leading to misdiagnosis of the hook-shaped xiphoid process as an epigastric mass during imaging. Though various variations of xiphoid process have been well documented, knowledge of a hook-shaped xiphoid process orientated dorsally remains scarce. Herein, this case study provides clinicians, surgeons, and radiologists a rare anomaly of the xiphoid process in order to further the knowledge of morphological variations of the xiphoid to prevent misdiagnosis and surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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16
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Lachkar S, Dols MM, Ishak B, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS. The Diploic Veins: A Comprehensive Review with Clinical Applications. Cureus 2019; 11:e4422. [PMID: 31245209 PMCID: PMC6559436 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The diploic veins serve as an important connection between the extracranial and intracranial venous systems. They change in size during growth from adolescence to adulthood. The diploic space has been identified as an additional site of reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Herein, the anatomy and physiology of the diploic veins are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Basem Ishak
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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17
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Iwanaga J, Wilson C, Lachkar S, Tomaszewski KA, Walocha JA, Tubbs RS. Clinical anatomy of the maxillary sinus: application to sinus floor augmentation. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 52:17-24. [PMID: 30984447 PMCID: PMC6449588 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomy of the maxillary sinus, especially its vascular anatomy, and its relationships with the teeth and alveolar processes have been well documented. The development of cone-beam computed tomography has resulted in dentists being more familiar with maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures. This paper aims to revisit the classic anatomy of the maxillary sinus and review the newly published literature in order to help dentists diagnose in more detail and perform safer surgery of the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.,Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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18
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Altafulla J, Yilmaz E, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Peacock J, Litvack Z, Tubbs RS. Neck movement during cervical transforaminal epidural injections and the position of the vertebral artery: an anatomical study. Acta Radiol Open 2019; 8:2058460119834688. [PMID: 30886742 PMCID: PMC6415478 DOI: 10.1177/2058460119834688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (CTFESIs) are sometimes performed in patients with cervical radiculopathy secondary to nerve-root compression. Neck movements for patient positioning may include rotation, flexion, and extension. As physicians performing such procedures do not move the neck for fear of injuring the vertebral artery, we performed fluoroscopy and cadaveric dissection to analyze any movement of the vertebral artery during head movement and its relation to the foramina in the setting of CTFESI.PurposeTo determine cervical rotational positioning for optimized vertebral artery location in the setting of cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections.Material and MethodsFour sides from two Caucasian whole cadavers (all fresh-frozen) were used. Using a guide wire and digital subtraction fluoroscopy, we evaluated the vertebral artery mimicking a CTFESI, then we removed the transverse processes and evaluated the vertebral artery by direct observation.ResultsAfter performing such maneuvers, no displacement of the vertebral artery was seen throughout its course from the C6 to the C2 intervertebral foramina. To our knowledge, this is the first anatomical observation of its kind that evaluates the position of the vertebral artery inside the foramina during movement of the neck.ConclusionSpecial caution should be given to the medial border of the intervertebral foramina when adjusting the target site and needle penetration for the injection. This is especially true for C6-C4 levels, whereas for the remaining upper vertebrae, the attention should be focused on the anterior aspect of the foramen. Since our study was centered on the vertebral artery, we do not discard the need for contrast injection and real-time digital subtraction fluoroscopy while performing the transforaminal epidural injection in order to prevent other vascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Juan Altafulla, Seattle Science Foundation, 550 17th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Peacock
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary Litvack
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
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19
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Dupont G, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS, Ishak B. Sudden Headache and Blindness Due to Pituitary (Adenoma) Infarction: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e4059. [PMID: 31016086 PMCID: PMC6464289 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary infarction (PI) is a rare medical emergency appearing in patients with pituitary adenoma, presenting with sudden onset of severe headache, and often associated with vomiting, nausea, visual deterioration, and decreased consciousness. We describe an 83-year-old woman who presented with blindness after a history of severe headache. An urgent computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain had been arranged, and a massive pituitary adenoma with hemorrhage was observed, and admission to the neurosurgical department followed. A multidisciplinary team comprising a neurosurgeon, an ophthalmologist, and an endocrinologist is required to manage such cases. To confirm the diagnosis, an urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) must be performed; CT scan can be indicated if MRI is contraindicated or not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dupont
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Basem Ishak
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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20
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Altafulla J, Iwanaga J, Lachkar S, Prickett J, Dupont G, Yilmaz E, Ishak B, Litvack Z, Tubbs RS. The Great Auricular Nerve: Anatomical Study with Application to Nerve Grafting Procedures. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e403-e407. [PMID: 30703599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When it comes to autogenous nerve grafting, the sural and great auricular nerve (GAN) are the 2 nerves predominately used for trigeminal and facial nerve repair. Arising from the second and third cervical ventral rami, the GAN emerges from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid coursing superiorly and anteriorly toward the ear. METHODS Eleven sides from 5 Caucasian and 1 Asian cadaveric heads (all fresh-frozen) were used. One man and 5 women were used with an age at death ranging from 57 to 91 years, with a mean of 80.3 years. Measurements were made from the inferior border of the ear to the GAN, the GAN to the external jugular vein, and the inferior border of the mastoid process to the GAN; the proximal, medial, and distal diameters of the GAN and the length of the GAN that was obtained from this exposure were also measured. RESULTS The mean distance from the inferior border of the mastoid process to the GAN, inferior border of the ear to the GAN, and GAN to the external jugular vein was 27.71, 31.03, and 13.28 mm, respectively. The mean length of the GAN was 74.86 mm. The mean diameter of its distal, middle, and proximal portions was 1.51, 1.38, and 1.58 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The GAN is an excellent option for use in nerve grafting for repair of, for example, facial dysfunction. In this study, we review our measurements, techniques for identification, and dissecting techniques for the GAN. The proximity to the operative area and minimal complications associated with GAN grafting might contribute to improved patient satisfaction and better outcomes regarding functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Santo Tomas, Panama
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | | | - Joshua Prickett
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Graham Dupont
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emre Yilmaz
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Basem Ishak
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zachary Litvack
- Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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21
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Shoja MM, Rai R, Lachkar S, Iboroma Akobo S, Yilmaz E, Loukas M, Binello E, Gorjaian M, Griessenauer CJ, Iwanaga J, Tubbs RS. The Carotid Sinus Nerve and the First English Translation of Hering's Original Research on this Nerve. Cureus 2019; 11:e3898. [PMID: 30911454 PMCID: PMC6424551 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a brief depiction of the life and achievements of the most iconic experiments of Heinrich Ewald Hering. The authors herein have presented a translation of his paper on the carotid sinus nerve in English; the original paper by Heinrich Ewald Hering, titled “Ueber die Wand des Sinus caroticus als Reizempfänger und den Sinusnerv als zentripetale Bahn für die Sinusreflexe” (1924), provides a detailed account of his experimental process and findings. He recognized that the sinus reflexes are mediated by a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabjot Rai
- Anatomy, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | | | | | - Emre Yilmaz
- Surgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Marios Loukas
- Medical Education and Simulation, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George, GRD
| | | | | | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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22
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Dupont G, Iwanaga J, Altafulla JJ, Lachkar S, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS. Bilateral sternocleidomastoid variant with six distinct insertions along the superior nuchal line. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 51:305-308. [PMID: 30637167 PMCID: PMC6318458 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical variations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) have been observed to occupy multiple origins and insertion points and have supernumerary heads, sometimes varying in thickness. During routine dissection, a SCM was observed to have six distinct insertions that interface with the course of the superior nuchal line, ending at the midline, bilaterally. This variation was also seen to receive innervation from the accessory nerve as well as the great auricular nerve. To our knowledge, this variant of supernumerary insertions and nerve innervations has not yet been reported. These variants may pose as problematic during surgical approaches to the upper neck and occiput, and should thus be appreciated by the clinician. Herein we discuss the case report, possible embryological origins, and the clinical significance of the observed variant SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan J Altafulla
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - R Shane Tubbs
- Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. Geroge's, Grenada, West Indies
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23
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Baek WK, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, Oskouian RJ, Loukas M, Oakes WJ, Tubbs RS. Comprehensive Review of Spinal Neurenteric Cysts with a Focus on Histopathological Findings. Cureus 2018; 10:e3379. [PMID: 30519518 PMCID: PMC6263491 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the occult spinal dysraphisms, neurenteric cysts (NECs) are rare and are thought to arise due to a failure of the separation of the primitive endoderm and ectoderm. Patients experience various neurological symptoms depending on the location of the lesion. As the epithelial morphology of NECs share similarities with other intracranial and intraspinal cystic growths, the definitive diagnosis of NEC can be made after a histochemical analysis with endodermal markers. Complete resection is associated with the lowest disease recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - Rod J Oskouian
- Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, USA
| | | | - W Jerry Oakes
- Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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24
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Abstract
The anterior communicating artery is one of the main components of the vascular network that delivers blood to the brain. Therefore, a good understanding of the normal anatomy and its variations is important to neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other health care providers dealing with the central nervous system. Here, we present a case of a median artery of the corpus callosum found in a cadaver, with consideration of cerebral hemodynamics implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graham Dupont
- Neurological Surgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle , USA
| | - Stefan Lachkar
- Clinical Anatomy, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Joe Iwanaga
- Medical Education and Simulation, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Neurosurgery, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, USA
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25
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Roger M, Lachkar S, Salaun M, Vergnon J, Febvre M, Baldeyrou P, Mehdaoui A, Dayen C, Dubois M, Mispelaere D, Trosini-Desert V, Thiberville L. Tumeurs à cellules granuleuses trachéo-bronchiques : étude rétrospective portant sur 30 patients en France. Rev Mal Respir 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Guisier F, Lachkar S, Obstoy B, Lamy A, Abramovici-Roels O, Salaun M, Thiberville L. Analyse moléculaire des adénocarcinomes pulmonaires périphériques diagnostiqués par échographie endobronchique par minisonde (EBUS radiale). Rev Mal Respir 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Gallego J, Lachkar S, Jasnot J, Salaün M, Roussel F, Kerlo P, Morin C, Thiberville L. Ponction sous écho-endoscopie linéaire des adénopathies et masses du médiastin. Étude bicentrique sur 472 cas. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Obstoy B, Lachkar S, Salaun M, Bota S, Roussel F, Thiberville L. Diagnostic échoendoscopique par minisonde radiale des nodules pulmonaires périphériques. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Berrubé L, Bota S, Lachkar S, Van Mossevelde S, Gallego G, Obstoy B, Peillon C, Thureau S, Salaün M, Thiberville L. Comparaison des caractéristiques et du devenir des patients atteints de cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules selon le stade localisé au thorax ou oligométastatiques pris en charge à visée curative. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.10.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Guisier F, Baste J, Houlle-Crepin S, Morisse-Pradier H, Lachkar S, Bota S, Salaün M, Thiberville L. Exérèse d’un volumineux thymolipome par chirurgie mini-invasive robot-assistée. Rev Mal Respir 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Thiberville L, Gounant V, Salaun M, Febvre M, Vergnon JM, Jounieaux V, Fournier C, Lachkar S, Hermant C, Raspaud C, Quantin X, Quiot JJ, Molard A, Dayen C, Marquette C, Lena H, Zalcman G, Chouaid C. Évaluation de l’écho-endoscopie bronchique dans la stratégie de prise en charge des cancers du poumon : résultats de l’étude française multicentrique EVIEPEB2. Rev Mal Respir 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Douadi Y, Dayen C, Lachkar S, Fournier C, Thiberville L, Ramon P, François G, Jounieaux V. Échoendoscopie endobronchique (EBUS) : le point de la question. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:475-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gallego J, Hauss PA, Salaün M, Picard D, Bota S, Lachkar S, Dominique S, Thiberville L. [Clomipramine hypersensitivity with predominantly pulmonary involvement]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:430-4. [PMID: 22440309 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug hypersensitivity (DRESS syndrome) is a rare disorder with diverse systemic and visceral manifestations. Pulmonary involvement is uncommon and is mainly characterized by eosinophilic infiltration. We report a case of DRESS syndrome induced by clomipramine with predominant pulmonary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gallego
- EA4108, clinique pneumologique, université de Rouen, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
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Salaun M, Roussel F, Hauss PA, Lachkar S, Thiberville L. In vivo imaging of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis using confocal endomicroscopy. Eur Respir J 2010; 36:451-3. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00194509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hangen E, De Zio D, Bordi M, Zhu C, Dessen P, Caffin F, Lachkar S, Perfettini JL, Lazar V, Benard J, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Harper F, Pierron G, Vicencio JM, Bénit P, de Andrade A, Höglinger G, Culmsee C, Rustin P, Blomgren K, Cecconi F, Kroemer G, Modjtahedi N. A brain-specific isoform of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor: AIF2. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1155-66. [PMID: 20111043 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) has important supportive as well as potentially lethal roles in neurons. Under normal physiological conditions, AIF is a vital redox-active mitochondrial enzyme, whereas in pathological situations, it translocates from mitochondria to the nuclei of injured neurons and mediates apoptotic chromatin condensation and cell death. In this study, we reveal the existence of a brain-specific isoform of AIF, AIF2, whose expression increases as neuronal precursor cells differentiate. AIF2 arises from the utilization of the alternative exon 2b, yet uses the same remaining 15 exons as the ubiquitous AIF1 isoform. AIF1 and AIF2 are similarly imported to mitochondria in which they anchor to the inner membrane facing the intermembrane space. However, the mitochondrial inner membrane sorting signal encoded in the exon 2b of AIF2 is more hydrophobic than that of AIF1, indicating a stronger membrane anchorage of AIF2 than AIF1. AIF2 is more difficult to be desorbed from mitochondria than AIF1 on exposure to non-ionic detergents or basic pH. Furthermore, AIF2 dimerizes with AIF1, thereby preventing its release from mitochondria. Conversely, it is conceivable that a neuron-specific AIF isoform, AIF2, may have been 'designed' to be retained in mitochondria and to minimize its potential neurotoxic activity.
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Douadi Y, Bentayeb H, Malinowski S, Hoguet E, Lecuyer E, Boutemy M, Lachkar S, Fournier C, Dayen C. Anesthésie en échoendoscopie bronchique : expérience du masque laryngé. Rev Mal Respir 2010; 27:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benhamou Y, Lachkar S, Cailleux N, Bauer F, Bernet J, Marie I, Lévesque H. Une myocardite à deux visages : maladie de Whipple ou sarcoïdose ? Rev Med Interne 2009; 30:430-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thiberville L, Salaun M, Lachkar S, Dominique S, Moreno-Swirc S, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G. Human in vivo fluorescence microimaging of the alveolar ducts and sacs during bronchoscopy. Eur Respir J 2009; 33:974-85. [PMID: 19213792 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00083708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fily F, Lachkar S, Caron F, Favennec L, Thiberville L. H-01 Colonisation et infection à Pneumocystis jirovecii en dehors de l’infection à VIH. Med Mal Infect 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(08)73128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thiberville L, Salaün M, Lachkar S. [Fluorescence endoscopy of the respiratory tract]. Rev Mal Respir 2007; 24:6S22-6S27. [PMID: 18235390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence endoscopy has been used for more than 10 years in the diagnosis of early lung cancers and precancerous lesions of the bronchial tree. The technique has been extensively evaluated during the past decade and two recent large randomised studies have shown a 2 to 5 times increase in the detection of high grade pre-cancerous lesions compared with conventional white light endoscopy. This paper reviews the principal applications and results of the use of autofluorescence endoscopy in high risk individuals as well as innovative endoscopic approaches using the fluorescent properties of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thiberville
- Clinique Pneumologique, Hôpital Charles-Nicolle, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Rouen, Rouen cedex, France.
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Lachkar S, Abboud P, Gargala G, Etienne M, Gauliard E, Tron C, Favennec L, Gueit I, Caron F, Dupouy-Camet J. [Troponin dosage in a patient with asymptomatic myocarditis due to trichinellosis]. Rev Med Interne 2007; 29:246-8. [PMID: 17980464 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human trichinellosis is a potentially severe parasitic disease occurring after ingestion of undercooked meat infected with Trichinella sp. larvae. We report the case of a patient who ate an undercooked bear meat hunted in Canada; he presented with the usual symptoms of trichinellosis (i.e, facial oedema, myalgias and fever) complicated with an asymptomatic myocarditis. Myocarditis is a rare, but potentially lethal complication of trichinellosis. Myocarditis should be screened systematically even when specific symptoms are missing; dosage of troponin serum is a simple and reliable mean for such screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lachkar
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Rouen, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
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Lachkar S, Benhamou D, Pons J, Hélot M, Marie J, Muir J. 59 Étude épidémiologique de la flore colonisant l’arbre trachéo-bronchique chez les patients trachéotomisés au long cours en état stable à domicile. Rev Mal Respir 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)72434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N Creuze
- Département d'imagerie médicale, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel is an anti-neoplastic agent commonly used in the treatment of primary bronchial carcinoma and tumours of the breast and ovary. Its toxicity, haematological and peripheral neuropathy, are well known. On the other hand central nervous system toxicity is rare. CASE REPORT We report a case of acute encephalopathy, occurring eight hours after infusion of Paclitaxel, in a patient treated for adenocarcinoma of the lung. It included drowsiness, confusion and hallucinations, and resolved completely after ten days. The diagnosis of encephalopathy secondary to Paclitaxel injection was reached after exclusion of other possible aetiologies. CONCLUSIONS Acute encephalopathy is a rare complication of intravenous Paclitaxel treatment. The pathophysiology of this toxic effect is discussed: a direct toxicity of Paclitaxel or of its solvent (polyoxethylated castor oil), and the role of a pre-existing alteration of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lachkar
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
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Charbaut E, Curmi PA, Ozon S, Lachkar S, Redeker V, Sobel A. Stathmin family proteins display specific molecular and tubulin binding properties. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:16146-54. [PMID: 11278715 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010637200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin family phosphoproteins (stathmin, SCG10, SCLIP, and RB3/RB3'/RB3") are involved in signal transduction and regulation of microtubule dynamics. With the exception of stathmin, they are expressed exclusively in the nervous system, where they display different spatio-temporal and functional regulations and hence play at least partially distinct and possibly complementary roles in relation to the control of development, plasticity, and neuronal activities. At the molecular level, each possesses a specific "stathmin-like domain" and, with the exception of stathmin, various combinations of N-terminal extensions involved in their association with intracellular membrane compartments. We show here that each stathmin-like domain also displays specific biochemical and tubulin interaction properties. They are all able to sequester two alpha/beta tubulin heterodimers as revealed by their inhibitory action on tubulin polymerization and by gel filtration. However, they differ in the stabilities of the complexes formed as well as in their interaction kinetics with tubulin followed by surface plasmon resonance as follows: strong stability and slow kinetics for RB3; medium for SCG10, SCLIP, and stathmin; and weak stability and rapid kinetics for RB3'. These results suggest that the fine-tuning of their stathmin-like domains contributes to the specific functional roles of stathmin family proteins in the regulation of microtubule dynamics within the various cell types and subcellular compartments of the developing or mature nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Charbaut
- INSERM U440, Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin and CNRS, UMR 7637, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Gigant B, Curmi PA, Martin-Barbey C, Charbaut E, Lachkar S, Lebeau L, Siavoshian S, Sobel A, Knossow M. The 4 A X-ray structure of a tubulin:stathmin-like domain complex. Cell 2000; 102:809-16. [PMID: 11030624 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoproteins of the stathmin family interact with the alphabeta tubulin heterodimer (tubulin) and hence interfere with microtubule dynamics. The structure of the complex of GDP-tubulin with the stathmin-like domain of the neural protein RB3 reveals a head-to-tail assembly of two tubulins with a 91-residue RB3 alpha helix in which each copy of an internal duplicated sequence interacts with a different tubulin. As a result of the relative orientations adopted by tubulins and by their alpha and beta subunits, the tubulin:RB3 complex forms a curved structure. The RB3 helix thus most likely prevents incorporation of tubulin into microtubules by holding it in an assembly with a curvature very similar to that of the depolymerization products of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gigant
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales CNRS UPR 9063, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Redeker V, Lachkar S, Siavoshian S, Charbaut E, Rossier J, Sobel A, Curmi PA. Probing the native structure of stathmin and its interaction domains with tubulin. Combined use of limited proteolysis, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:6841-9. [PMID: 10702243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.10.6841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin is a cytosoluble phosphoprotein proposed to be a regulatory relay integrating diverse intracellular signaling pathway. Its interaction with tubulin modulates microtubule dynamics by destabilization of assembled microtubules or inhibition of their polymerization from free tubulin. The aim of this study was to probe the native structure of stathmin and to delineate its minimal region able to interact with tubulin. Limited proteolysis of stathmin revealed four structured domains within the native protein, corresponding to amino acid sequences 22-81 (I), 95-113 (II), 113-128 (III), and 128-149 (IV), which allows us to propose stathmin folding hypotheses. Furthermore, stathmin proteolytic fragments were mixed to interact with tubulin, and those that retained affinity for tubulin were isolated by size exclusion chromatography and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results indicate that, to interact with tubulin, a stathmin fragment must span a minimal core region from residues 42 to 126, which interestingly corresponds to the predicted alpha-helical "interaction region" of stathmin. In addition, an interacting stathmin fragment must include a short N- or C-terminal extension. The functional significance of these interaction constrains is further validated by tubulin polymerization inhibition assays with fragments designed on the basis of the tubulin binding results. The present results will help to optimize further stathmin structural studies and to develop molecular tools to target its interaction with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Redeker
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Neurobiologie et Diversité Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7637, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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Curmi PA, Noguès C, Lachkar S, Carelle N, Gonthier MP, Sobel A, Lidereau R, Bièche I. Overexpression of stathmin in breast carcinomas points out to highly proliferative tumours. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:142-50. [PMID: 10638981 PMCID: PMC2363189 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered that stathmin was overexpressed in a subgroup of human breast carcinomas. Stathmin is a cytosolic phosphoprotein proposed to act as a relay integrating diverse cell signalling pathways, notably during the control of cell growth and differentiation. It may also be considered as one of the key regulators of cell division for its ability to destabilize microtubules in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. To assess the significance of stathmin overexpression in breast cancer, we evaluated the correlation of stathmin expression, quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, with several disease parameters in a large series of human primary breast cancer (n = 133), obtained in strictly followed up women, whose clinico-pathological data were fully available. In agreement with our preliminary survey, stathmin was found overexpressed in a subgroup of tumours (22%). In addition, overexpression was correlated to the loss of steroid receptors (oestrogen, P = 0.0006; progesterone, P = 0.008), and to the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histopathological grade III (P= 0.002), this latter being ascribable to the mitotic index component (P= 0.02). Furthermore studies at the DNA level indicated that stathmin is overexpressed irrespective of its genomic status. Our findings raise important questions concerning the causes and consequences of stathmin overexpression, and the reasons of its inability to counteract cell proliferation in the overexpression group.
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Kherif S, Lafuma C, Dehaupas M, Lachkar S, Fournier JG, Verdière-Sahuqué M, Fardeau M, Alameddine HS. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in regenerating skeletal muscle: a study in experimentally injured and mdx muscles. Dev Biol 1999; 205:158-70. [PMID: 9882504 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.9107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cooperatively degrade all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Remodeling of ECM during skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration suggests a tight regulation of matrix-degrading activity during muscle regeneration. In this study, we investigated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, in normal muscles and their regulation during regeneration process. We further investigated their secretion by C2C12 myogenic cell line. Two models of muscle degeneration-regeneration were used: (1) normal muscles in which necrosis was experimentally induced by cardiotoxin injection; (2) mdx muscles which exhibit recurrent signs of focal myofiber necrosis followed by successful regeneration. MMPs were studied by zymography; their free activity was quantified using 3H-labeled gelatin substrate and mRNA expression was followed by Northern hybridization. Muscle degeneration-regeneration was analyzed by conventional morphological methods and in situ hybridization was performed on muscle sections to identify the cells expressing these MMPs. Results show that MMP-2, but not MMP-9 expression, is constitutive in normal muscles. Upon injury, the active form of MMP-2 is transiently increased, whereas MMP-9 is induced within 24 h and remains present for several days. Quantitative assays of free gelatinolytic activity show a progressive and steady increase that culminates at 7 days postinjury and slowly returns to normal levels. In adult mdx mice, both pro and active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 are expressed. Northern blot results support these findings. Zymography of C2C12-conditioned medium shows that myogenic cells produce MMP-2. By in situ hybridization we localized MMP-9 mRNA in inflammatory cells and putative activated satellite cells in injured muscles. Our data allow the correlation of the differential expression of pro and/or active forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 with different stages of the degeneration-regeneration process: MMP-9 expression is related to the inflammatory response and probably to the activation of satellite cells, whereas MMP-2 activation is concomitant with the regeneration of new myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kherif
- Développement, Pathologie, Régénération du Système Neuromusculaire Institut de Myologie, INSERM U 153, Rue du Mur des Fermiers Généraux, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, Paris Cedex 13, FR-75651, France
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