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Singh S, Pugliano CM, Honaker Y, Laird A, DeGottardi MQ, Lopez E, Lachkar S, Stoffers C, Sommer K, Khan IF, Rawlings DJ. Efficient and sustained FOXP3 locus editing in hematopoietic stem cells as a therapeutic approach for IPEX syndrome. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101183. [PMID: 38282895 PMCID: PMC10818254 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene, required for generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Loss of Treg cells leads to immune dysregulation characterized by multi-organ autoimmunity and early mortality. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can be curative, but success is limited by autoimmune complications, donor availability and/or graft-vs.-host disease. Correction of FOXP3 in autologous HSC utilizing a homology-directed repair (HDR)-based platform may provide a safer alternative therapy. Here, we demonstrate efficient editing of FOXP3 utilizing co-delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes and adeno-associated viral vectors to achieve HDR rates of >40% in vitro using mobilized CD34+ cells from multiple donors. Using this approach to deliver either a GFP or a FOXP3 cDNA donor cassette, we demonstrate sustained bone marrow engraftment of approximately 10% of HDR-edited cells in immune-deficient recipient mice at 16 weeks post-transplant. Further, we show targeted integration of FOXP3 cDNA in CD34+ cells from an IPEX patient and expression of the introduced FOXP3 transcript in gene-edited primary T cells from both healthy individuals and IPEX patients. Our combined findings suggest that refinement of this approach is likely to provide future clinical benefit in IPEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cole M. Pugliano
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yuchi Honaker
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Aidan Laird
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - M. Quinn DeGottardi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ezra Lopez
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Stefan Lachkar
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Claire Stoffers
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Iram F. Khan
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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Jia B, Ng SK, DeGottardi MQ, Piatak M, Yuste E, Carville A, Mansfield KG, Li W, Richardson BA, Lifson JD, Evans DT. Immunization with single-cycle SIV significantly reduces viral loads after an intravenous challenge with SIV(mac)239. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000272. [PMID: 19165322 PMCID: PMC2621341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that are limited to a single cycle of infection were evaluated for the ability to elicit protective immunity against wild-type SIVmac239 infection of rhesus macaques by two different vaccine regimens. Six animals were inoculated at 8-week intervals with 6 identical doses consisting of a mixture of three different envelope variants of single-cycle SIV (scSIV). Six additional animals were primed with a mixture of cytoplasmic domain-truncated envelope variants of scSIV and boosted with two doses of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G) trans-complemented scSIV. While both regimens elicited detectable virus-specific T cell responses, SIV-specific T cell frequencies were more than 10-fold higher after boosting with VSV G trans-complemented scSIV (VSV G scSIV). Broad T cell recognition of multiple viral antigens and Gag-specific CD4+ T cell responses were also observed after boosting with VSV G scSIV. With the exception of a single animal in the repeated immunization group, all of the animals became infected following an intravenous challenge with SIVmac239. However, significantly lower viral loads and higher memory CD4+ T cell counts were observed in both immunized groups relative to an unvaccinated control group. Indeed, both scSIV immunization regimens resulted in containment of SIVmac239 replication after challenge that was as good as, if not better than, what has been achieved by other non-persisting vaccine vectors that have been evaluated in this challenge model. Nevertheless, the extent of protection afforded by scSIV was not as good as typically conferred by persistent infection with live, attenuated SIV. These observations have potentially important implications to the design of an effective AIDS vaccine, since they suggest that ongoing stimulation of virus-specific immune responses may be essential to achieving the degree of protection afforded by live, attenuated SIV. AIDS vaccine candidates based on recombinant DNA and/or viral vectors stimulate potent cellular immune responses. However, the extent of protection achieved by these vaccines has so far been disappointing. While live, attenuated strains of SIV afford more reliable protection in animal models, there are justifiable safety concerns with the use of live, attenuated HIV-1 in humans. As an experimental vaccine approach designed to uncouple immune activation from ongoing virus replication, we developed a genetic system for producing strains of SIV that are limited to a single cycle of infection. We compared repeated versus prime-boost vaccine regimens with single-cycle SIV for the ability to elicit protective immunity in rhesus macaques against a strain of SIV that is notoriously difficult to control by vaccination. Both vaccine regimens afforded significant containment of virus replication after challenge. Nevertheless, the extent of protection achieved by immunization with single-cycle SIV was not as good as the protection typically provided by persistent infection of animals with live, attenuated SIV. These observations have important implications for the design of an effective AIDS vaccine, since they suggest that ongoing stimulation of virus-specific immune responses may ultimately be necessary for achieving the robust protection afforded by live, attenuated SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sharon K. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. Quinn DeGottardi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eloísa Yuste
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angela Carville
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keith G. Mansfield
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Li
- Biostatistics Research Group, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbra A. Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Specht A, DeGottardi MQ, Schindler M, Hahn B, Evans DT, Kirchhoff F. Selective downmodulation of HLA-A and -B by Nef alleles from different groups of primate lentiviruses. Virology 2007; 373:229-37. [PMID: 18155264 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the HIV-1 NL4-3 and IIIB Nef alleles downregulate HLA-A and -B but not -C or -E from the cell surface. It remained elusive, however, whether selective modulation of specific HLA molecules is conserved between different groups of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses, respectively. To address this, we analyzed a large panel of primate lentiviral Nef proteins and we found that this property is conserved among nef alleles from the M, N and O groups of HIV-1, as well as those from SIVcpz, the precursor of HIV-1, and a variety of other highly divergent primate lentiviruses. In conclusion, our data indicate that Nef's ability to selectively downregulate HLA-A and -B alleles to prevent CTL lysis and NK killing of virally infected cells is conserved among different primate lentiviral lineages and preceded the zoonotic transmission of SIVcpz from chimpanzees to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Specht
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
The search continues for an AIDS vaccine approach with a suitable safety and efficacy profile for use in individuals at risk of HIV-1 infection. A number of vaccine regimens based on recombinant DNA and/or viral vectors are now in clinical trials. However, these approaches may not provide adequate protection against the natural transmission of genetically diverse HIV-1 field isolates. Live attenuated strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) still afford the most reliable protection in animals. Unfortunately, justifiable safety concerns will likely preclude the use of live attenuated HIV-1 in humans for the foreseeable future. Genetically engineered strains of SIV, which are limited to a single cycle of infection have been recently developed and may provide a more promising safety and efficacy profile. These strains preserve many of the advantageous properties of live attenuated viruses but cannot regain a pathogenic phenotype through continuous cycles of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA
| | - M Quinn DeGottardi
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA
| | - David T Evans
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, New England Primate Research Center, One Pine Hill Drive, Southborough, MA 01772-9102, USA
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