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Mok CH, Hu D, Losa M, Risolino M, Selleri L, Marcucio RS. PBX1 and PBX3 transcription factors regulate SHH expression in the Frontonasal Ectodermal Zone through complementary mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597450. [PMID: 38895322 PMCID: PMC11185640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling from the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ) is a key regulator of craniofacial morphogenesis. Along with SHH, pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) transcription factors regulate midfacial development. PBXs act in the epithelium during fusion of facial primordia, but their specific interactions with SHH have not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that PBX1/3 regulate SHH expression in the FEZ by activating or repressing transcription. The hypothesis was tested by manipulating PBX1/3 expression in chick embryos and profiling epigenomic landscapes at early developmental stages. PBX1/3 expression was perturbed in the chick face beginning at stage 10 (HH10) using RCAS viruses, and the resulting SHH expression was assessed at HH22. Overexpressing PBX1 expanded SHH expression, while overexpressing PBX3 decreased SHH expression. Conversely, reducing PBX1 expression decreased SHH expression, but reducing PBX3 induced ectopic SHH expression. We performed ATAC-seq and mapped binding of PBX1 and PBX3 with ChIP-seq on the FEZ at HH22 to assess direct interactions of PBX1/3 with the SHH locus. These multi-omics approaches uncovered a 400 bp PBX1-enriched element within intron 1 of SHH (chr2:8,173,222-8,173,621). Enhancer activity of this element was demonstrated by electroporation of reporter constructs in ovo and luciferase reporter assays in vitro . When bound by PBX1, this element upregulates transcription, while it downregulates transcription when bound by PBX3. The present study identifies a cis- regulatory element, named SFE1, that interacts with PBX1/3 to modulate SHH expression in the FEZ and establishes that PBX1 and PBX3 play complementary roles in SHH regulation during embryonic development.
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Crisafulli L, Brindisi M, Liturri MG, Sobacchi C, Ficara F. PBX1: a TALE of two seasons-key roles during development and in cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372873. [PMID: 38404687 PMCID: PMC10884236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pre-B cell leukemia factor 1 (PBX1) is a Three Aminoacid Loop Extension (TALE) homeodomain-containing transcription factor playing crucial roles in organ pattering during embryogenesis, through the formation of nuclear complexes with other TALE class and/or homeobox proteins to regulate target genes. Its contribution to the development of several organs has been elucidated mainly through the study of murine knockout models. A crucial role for human development has been recently highlighted through the discovery of different de novo pathogenic PBX1 variants in children affected by developmental defects. In the adult, PBX1 is expressed in selected tissues such as in the brain, in the gastro-intestinal and urinary systems, or in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, while in other organs is barely detectable. When involved in the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation it acts as an oncogene, since the resulting fusion protein drives pre-B cell leukemia, due to the induction of target genes not normally targeted by the native protein. Its aberrant expression has been associated to tumor development, progression, or therapy-resistance as in breast cancer, ovarian cancer or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). On the other hand, in colorectal cancer PBX1 functions as a tumor suppressor, highlighting its context-dependent role. We here discuss differences and analogies of PBX1 roles during embryonic development and in cancer, focusing mainly on the most recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crisafulli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Brindisi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Sobacchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ficara
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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Kelly RG. Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Tetralogy of Fallot and Double Outlet Right Ventricle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:645-659. [PMID: 38884739 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot and double-outlet right ventricle are outflow tract (OFT) alignment defects situated on a continuous disease spectrum. A myriad of upstream causes can impact on ventriculoarterial alignment that can be summarized as defects in either i) OFT elongation during looping morphogenesis or ii) OFT remodeling during cardiac septation. Embryological processes underlying these two developmental steps include deployment of second heart field cardiac progenitor cells, establishment and transmission of embryonic left/right information driving OFT rotation and OFT cushion and valve morphogenesis. The formation and remodeling of pulmonary trunk infundibular myocardium is a critical component of both steps. Defects in myocardial, endocardial, or neural crest cell lineages can result in alignment defects, reflecting the complex intercellular signaling events that coordinate arterial pole development. Importantly, however, OFT alignment is mechanistically distinct from neural crest-driven OFT septation, although neural crest cells impact indirectly on alignment through their role in modulating signaling during SHF development. As yet poorly understood nongenetic causes of alignment defects that impact the above processes include hemodynamic changes, maternal exposure to environmental teratogens, and stochastic events. The heterogeneity of causes converging on alignment defects characterizes the OFT as a hotspot of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Biologie du Dévelopment de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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Gill E, Bamforth SD. Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Truncus Arteriosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:853-865. [PMID: 38884754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In normal cardiovascular development in birds and mammals, the outflow tract of the heart is divided into two distinct channels to separate the oxygenated systemic blood flow from the deoxygenated pulmonary circulation. When the process of outflow tract septation fails, a single common outflow vessel persists resulting in a serious clinical condition known as persistent truncus arteriosus or common arterial trunk. In this chapter, we will review molecular pathways and the cells that are known to play a role in the formation and development of the outflow tract and how genetic manipulation of these pathways in animal models can result in common arterial trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gill
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle, UK
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Gill E, Bamforth SD. Molecular Pathways and Animal Models of Semilunar Valve and Aortic Arch Anomalies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:777-796. [PMID: 38884748 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The great arteries of the vertebrate carry blood from the heart to the systemic circulation and are derived from the pharyngeal arch arteries. In higher vertebrates, the pharyngeal arch arteries are a symmetrical series of blood vessels that rapidly remodel during development to become the asymmetric aortic arch arteries carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle via the outflow tract. At the base of the aorta, as well as the pulmonary trunk, are the semilunar valves. These valves each have three leaflets and prevent the backflow of blood into the heart. During development, the process of aortic arch and valve formation may go wrong, resulting in cardiovascular defects, and these may, at least in part, be caused by genetic mutations. In this chapter, we will review models harboring genetic mutations that result in cardiovascular defects affecting the great arteries and the semilunar valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gill
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon D Bamforth
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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6
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Guadix JA, Ruiz-Villalba A, Pérez-Pomares JM. Congenital Coronary Blood Vessel Anomalies: Animal Models and the Integration of Developmental Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:817-831. [PMID: 38884751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Coronary blood vessels are in charge of sustaining cardiac homeostasis. It is thus logical that coronary congenital anomalies (CCA) directly or indirectly associate with multiple cardiac conditions, including sudden death. The coronary vascular system is a sophisticated, highly patterned anatomical entity, and therefore a wide range of congenital malformations of the coronary vasculature have been described. Despite the clinical interest of CCA, very few attempts have been made to relate specific embryonic developmental mechanisms to the congenital anomalies of these blood vessels. This is so because developmental data on the morphogenesis of the coronary vascular system derive from complex studies carried out in animals (mostly transgenic mice), and are not often accessible to the clinician, who, in turn, possesses essential information on the significance of CCA. During the last decade, advances in our understanding of normal embryonic development of coronary blood vessels have provided insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying coronary arteries anomalies. These findings are the base for our attempt to offer plausible embryological explanations to a variety of CCA as based on the analysis of multiple animal models for the study of cardiac embryogenesis, and present them in an organized manner, offering to the reader developmental mechanistic explanations for the pathogenesis of these anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.
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Jara JS, Avci HX, Kouremenou I, Doulazmi M, Bakouche J, Dubacq C, Goyenvalle C, Mariani J, Lohof AM, Sherrard RM. Pax3 induces target-specific reinnervation through axon collateral expression of PSA-NCAM. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102560. [PMID: 38097036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Damaged or dysfunctional neural circuits can be replaced after a lesion by axon sprouting and collateral growth from undamaged neurons. Unfortunately, these new connections are often disorganized and rarely produce clinical improvement. Here we investigate how to promote post-lesion axonal collateral growth, while retaining correct cellular targeting. In the mouse olivocerebellar path, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces correctly-targeted post-lesion cerebellar reinnervation by remaining intact inferior olivary axons (climbing fibers). In this study we identified cellular processes through which BDNF induces this repair. BDNF injection into the denervated cerebellum upregulates the transcription factor Pax3 in inferior olivary neurons and induces rapid climbing fiber sprouting. Pax3 in turn increases polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the sprouting climbing fiber path, facilitating collateral outgrowth and pathfinding to reinnervate the correct targets, cerebellar Purkinje cells. BDNF-induced reinnervation can be reproduced by olivary Pax3 overexpression, and abolished by olivary Pax3 knockdown, suggesting that Pax3 promotes axon growth and guidance through upregulating PSA-NCAM, probably on the axon's growth cone. These data indicate that restricting growth-promotion to potential reinnervating afferent neurons, as opposed to stimulating the whole circuit or the injury site, allows axon growth and appropriate guidance, thus accurately rebuilding a neural circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Jara
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Hasan X Avci
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Ioanna Kouremenou
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Mohamed Doulazmi
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Joelle Bakouche
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Caroline Dubacq
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS & INSERM, IBPS-NPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Paris France
| | - Catherine Goyenvalle
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Ann M Lohof
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France
| | - Rachel M Sherrard
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, IBPS-B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris France.
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8
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Zou F, Liu M, Sui Y, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of the role of PBX1 in mammalian kidneys. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1106370. [PMID: 37006624 PMCID: PMC10063971 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor 1 (PBX1) is a member of the TALE (three-amino acid loop extension) family and functions as a homeodomain transcription factor (TF). When dimerized with other TALE proteins, it can act as a pioneer factor and provide regulatory sequences via interaction with partners. In vertebrates, PBX1 is expressed during the blastula stage, and its germline variations in humans are interrelated with syndromic anomalies of the kidney, which plays an important role in hematopoiesis and immunity among vertebrates. Herein, we summarize the existing data on PBX1 functions and the impact of PBX1 on renal tumors, PBX1-deficient animal models, and blood vessels in mammalian kidneys. The data indicated that the interaction of PBX1 with different partners such as the HOX genes is responsible for abnormal proliferation and variation of the embryonic mesenchyme, while truncating variants were shown to cause milder phenotypes (mostly cryptorchidism and deafness). Although such interactions have been identified to be the cause of many defects in mammals, some phenotypic variations are yet to be understood. Thus, further research on the TALE family is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jinyu Liu,
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Keuls RA, Oh YS, Patel I, Parchem RJ. Post-transcriptional regulation in cranial neural crest cells expands developmental potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212578120. [PMID: 36724256 PMCID: PMC9963983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212578120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental potential is progressively restricted after germ layer specification during gastrulation. However, cranial neural crest cells challenge this paradigm, as they develop from anterior ectoderm, yet give rise to both ectodermal derivatives of the peripheral nervous system and ectomesenchymal bone and cartilage. How cranial neural crest cells differentiate into multiple lineages is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that cranial neural crest cells possess a transient state of increased chromatin accessibility. We profile the spatiotemporal emergence of premigratory neural crest and find evidence of lineage bias toward either a neuronal or ectomesenchymal fate, with each expressing distinct factors from earlier stages of development. We identify the miR-302 miRNA family to be highly expressed in cranial neural crest cells and genetic deletion leads to precocious specification of the ectomesenchymal lineage. Loss of mir-302 results in reduced chromatin accessibility in the neuronal progenitor lineage of neural crest and a reduction in peripheral neuron differentiation. Mechanistically, we find that mir-302 directly targets Sox9 to slow the timing of ectomesenchymal neural crest specification and represses multiple genes involved in chromatin condensation to promote accessibility required for neuronal differentiation. Our findings reveal a posttranscriptional mechanism governed by miRNAs to expand developmental potential of cranial neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Keuls
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Young Sun Oh
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Ivanshi Patel
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Ronald J. Parchem
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
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Alam MJ, Uppulapu SK, Tiwari V, Varghese B, Mohammed SA, Adela R, Arava SK, Banerjee SK. Pregestational diabetes alters cardiac structure and function of neonatal rats through developmental plasticity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919293. [PMID: 36176990 PMCID: PMC9514058 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) leads to developmental impairment, especially cardiac dysfunction, in their offspring. The hyperglycemic microenvironment inside the uterus alters the cardiac plasticity characterized by electrical and structural remodeling of the heart. The altered expression of several transcription factors due to hyperglycemia during fetal development might be responsible for molecular defects and phenotypic changes in the heart. The molecular mechanism of the developmental defects in the heart due to PGDM remains unclear. To understand the molecular defects in the 2-days old neonatal rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats were bred with healthy male rats. We collected 2-day-old hearts from the neonates and identified the molecular basis for phenotypic changes. Neonates from diabetic mothers showed altered electrocardiography and echocardiography parameters. Transcriptomic profiling of the RNA-seq data revealed that several altered genes were associated with heart development, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac conduction, and cell proliferation. Histopathology data showed the presence of focal cardiac fibrosis and increased cell proliferation in neonates from diabetic mothers. Thus, our results provide a comprehensive map of the cellular events and molecular pathways perturbed in the neonatal heart during PGDM. All of the molecular and structural changes lead to developmental plasticity in neonatal rat hearts and develop cardiac anomalies in their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Uppulapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Soheb Anwar Mohammed
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sanjay K. Banerjee,
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Wang Y, Sui Y, Lian A, Han X, Liu F, Zuo K, Liu M, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zou F, Lu R, Jin M, Du H, Xu K, Liu X, Liu J. PBX1 Attenuates Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Apoptosis by Alleviating Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated DNA Damage Instead of Enhancing DNA Damage Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739868. [PMID: 34869323 PMCID: PMC8634257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues and organs undergo structural deterioration and functional decline during aging. DNA damage is considered a major cause of stem cell senescence. Although stem cells develop sophisticated DNA repair systems, when the intrinsic and extrinsic insults exceed the DNA repair capacity, cellular senescence, and age-related diseases inevitably occur. Therefore, the prevention and alleviation of DNA damage is an alternative to DNA repair in attenuating stem cell senescence and preventing age-related diseases. Pre-B-cell leukaemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) participates in maintaining the pluripotency of human embryonic and haematopoietic stem cells. Our recent studies showed that PBX1 promotes hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cell (HF-MSC) proliferation, decreases cellular senescence and apoptosis, and enhances induced pluripotent stem cell generation. Whether PBX1 attenuates HF-MSC senescence and apoptosis by alleviating DNA damage or by enhancing DNA repair remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of PBX1 on the intrinsic ROS or extrinsic H2O2-induced cellular senescence of HF-MSCs. To this end, we generated HF-MSCs overexpressing either PBX1, or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, or both. Our results showed that PBX1 overexpression attenuates HF-MSC senescence and apoptosis by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage instead of enhancing DNA repair. This is the first study to report that PBX1 attenuates stem cell senescence and apoptosis by alleviating DNA damage. It provides new insight into the mechanism of stem cell senescence and lays the foundation for the development of strategies for age-related disease prevention and treatment, and in particular, hair follicle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Aobo Lian
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing Han
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feilin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Kuiyang Zuo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rifeng Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Genetic and Metabolic Determinants of Atrial Fibrillation in a General Population Sample: The CHRIS Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111663. [PMID: 34827661 PMCID: PMC8615508 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular arrhythmia deriving from uncoordinated electrical activation with considerable associated morbidity and mortality. To expand the limited understanding of AF biological mechanisms, we performed two screenings, investigating the genetic and metabolic determinants of AF in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study. We found 110 AF cases out of 10,509 general population individuals. A genome-wide association scan (GWAS) identified two novel loci (p-value < 5 × 10−8) around SNPs rs745582874, next to gene PBX1, and rs768476991, within gene PCCA, with genotype calling confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Risk alleles at both SNPs were enriched in a family detected through familial aggregation analysis of the phenotype, and both rare alleles co-segregated with AF. The metabolic screening of 175 metabolites, in a subset of individuals, revealed a 41% lower concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine lysoPC a C20:3 in AF cases compared to controls (p-adj = 0.005). The genetic findings, combined with previous evidence, indicate that the two identified GWAS loci may be considered novel genetic rare determinants for AF. Considering additionally the association of lysoPC a C20:3 with AF by metabolic screening, our results demonstrate the valuable contribution of the combined genomic and metabolomic approach in studying AF in large-scale population studies.
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13
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Alankarage D, Szot JO, Pachter N, Slavotinek A, Selleri L, Shieh JT, Winlaw D, Giannoulatou E, Chapman G, Dunwoodie SL. Functional characterization of a novel PBX1 de novo missense variant identified in a patient with syndromic congenital heart disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1068-1082. [PMID: 31625560 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B cell leukemia factor 1 (PBX1) is an essential developmental transcription factor, mutations in which have recently been associated with CAKUTHED syndrome, characterized by multiple congenital defects including congenital heart disease (CHD). During analysis of a whole-exome-sequenced cohort of heterogeneous CHD patients, we identified a de novo missense variant, PBX1:c.551G>C p.R184P, in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve and extra-cardiac phenotypes. Functional analysis of this variant by creating a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited mouse model revealed multiple congenital anomalies. Congenital heart defects (persistent truncus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect), hypoplastic lungs, hypoplastic/ectopic kidneys, aplastic adrenal glands and spleen, as well as atretic trachea and palate defects were observed in the homozygous mutant embryos at multiple stages of development. We also observed developmental anomalies in a proportion of heterozygous embryos, suggestive of a dominant mode of inheritance. Analysis of gene expression and protein levels revealed that although Pbx1 transcripts are higher in homozygotes, amounts of PBX1 protein are significantly decreased. Here, we have presented the first functional model of a missense PBX1 variant and provided strong evidence that p.R184P is disease-causal. Our findings also expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic PBX1 variants in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimuthu Alankarage
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin O Szot
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Nick Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Western Australia, 6008 Perth, Australia.,University of Western Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158 CA, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158 CA, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143 CA, USA
| | - David Winlaw
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia.,Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, 2145 Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Clinical School, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Gavin Chapman
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Clinical School, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Embryology, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, St Vincent's Clinical School, New South Wales, 2010 Sydney, Australia
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14
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Kornej J, Hanger VA, Trinquart L, Ko D, Preis SR, Benjamin EJ, Lin H. New biomarkers from multiomics approaches: improving risk prediction of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1632-1644. [PMID: 33751041 PMCID: PMC8208748 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia leading to many adverse outcomes and increased mortality. Yet the molecular mechanisms underlying AF remain largely unknown. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies make large-scale molecular profiling possible. In the past decade, multiomics studies of AF have identified a number of potential biomarkers of AF. In this review, we focus on the studies of multiomics profiles with AF risk. We summarize recent advances in the discovery of novel biomarkers for AF through multiomics studies. We also discuss limitations and future directions in risk assessment and discovery of therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darae Ko
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah R Preis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mt Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Zhou Y, Fu B, Xu X, Zhang J, Tong X, Wang Y, Dong Z, Zhang X, Shen N, Zhai Y, Kong X, Sun R, Tian Z, Wei H. PBX1 expression in uterine natural killer cells drives fetal growth. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/537/eaax1798. [PMID: 32238574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abundant decidual natural killer (dNK) cells at the maternal-fetal interface are important during early pregnancy. However, functional subsets of dNK cells remain poorly understood. We describe a CD49a+PBX homeobox 1 (PBX1)+ dNK cell subset that promotes fetal development in humans and mice. The expression of PBX1 in dNK cells is up-regulated via the activated AKT1 pathway through the interaction of major histocompatibility complex G with the immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 receptor. PBX1 drives pleiotrophin and osteoglycin transcription in dNK cells, further promoting fetal development. Decreased PBX1 expression or the PBX1G21S mutant correlated with fetal growth restriction and pregnancy failure in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Inactivation of Pbx1 in mouse dNK cells impairs fetal development by decreasing growth-promoting factors from CD49a+PBX1+ dNK cells. Impairment of PBX1 in dNK cells has positive correlation with URSA pathogenesis and may provide a potential marker for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jinghe Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xianhong Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanshi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yiwen Zhai
- Center for Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Center for Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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16
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Holowiecki A, Linstrum K, Ravisankar P, Chetal K, Salomonis N, Waxman JS. Pbx4 limits heart size and fosters arch artery formation by partitioning second heart field progenitors and restricting proliferation. Development 2020; 147:dev185652. [PMID: 32094112 PMCID: PMC7063670 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate heart development requires the integration of temporally distinct differentiating progenitors. However, few signals are understood that restrict the size of the later-differentiating outflow tract (OFT). We show that improper specification and proliferation of second heart field (SHF) progenitors in zebrafish lazarus (lzr) mutants, which lack the transcription factor Pbx4, produces enlarged hearts owing to an increase in ventricular and smooth muscle cells. Specifically, Pbx4 initially promotes the partitioning of the SHF into anterior progenitors, which contribute to the OFT, and adjacent endothelial cell progenitors, which contribute to posterior pharyngeal arches. Subsequently, Pbx4 limits SHF progenitor (SHFP) proliferation. Single cell RNA sequencing of nkx2.5+ cells revealed previously unappreciated distinct differentiation states and progenitor subpopulations that normally reside within the SHF and arterial pole of the heart. Specifically, the transcriptional profiles of Pbx4-deficient nkx2.5+ SHFPs are less distinct and display characteristics of normally discrete proliferative progenitor and anterior, differentiated cardiomyocyte populations. Therefore, our data indicate that the generation of proper OFT size and arch arteries requires Pbx-dependent stratification of unique differentiation states to facilitate both homeotic-like transformations and limit progenitor production within the SHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Holowiecki
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kelsey Linstrum
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Bioinformatics Division, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Bioinformatics Division, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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17
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Selleri L, Zappavigna V, Ferretti E. 'Building a perfect body': control of vertebrate organogenesis by PBX-dependent regulatory networks. Genes Dev 2019; 33:258-275. [PMID: 30824532 PMCID: PMC6411007 DOI: 10.1101/gad.318774.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pbx genes encode transcription factors that belong to the TALE (three-amino-acid loop extension) superclass of homeodomain proteins. We have witnessed a surge in information about the roles of this gene family as leading actors in the transcriptional control of development. PBX proteins represent a clear example of how transcription factors can regulate developmental processes by combinatorial properties, acting within multimeric complexes to implement activation or repression of transcription depending on their interaction partners. Here, we revisit long-emphasized functions of PBX transcription factors as cofactors for HOX proteins, major architects of the body plan. We further discuss new knowledge on roles of PBX proteins in different developmental contexts as upstream regulators of Hox genes-as factors that interact with non-HOX proteins and can work independently of HOX-as well as potential pioneer factors. Committed to building a perfect body, PBX proteins govern regulatory networks that direct essential morphogenetic processes and organogenesis in vertebrate development. Perturbations of PBX-dependent networks can cause human congenital disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Vincenzo Zappavigna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Miksiunas R, Mobasheri A, Bironaite D. Homeobox Genes and Homeodomain Proteins: New Insights into Cardiac Development, Degeneration and Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:155-178. [PMID: 30945165 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of human death in the developing world. Extensive evidence indicates that various toxic environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle choices contribute to the risk, incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. Alterations in the genetic level of myocardium affects normal heart development and initiates pathological processes leading to various types of cardiac diseases. Homeobox genes are a large and highly specialized family of closely related genes that direct the formation of body structure, including cardiac development. Homeobox genes encode homeodomain proteins that function as transcription factors with characteristic structures that allow them to bind to DNA, regulate gene expression and subsequently control the proper physiological function of cells, tissues and organs. Mutations in homeobox genes are rare and usually lethal with evident alterations in cardiac function at or soon after the birth. Our understanding of homeobox gene family expression and function has expanded significantly during the recent years. However, the involvement of homeobox genes in the development of human and animal cardiac tissue requires further investigation. The phenotype of human congenital heart defects unveils only some aspects of human heart development. Therefore, mouse models are often used to gain a better understanding of human heart function, pathology and regeneration. In this review, we have focused on the role of homeobox genes in the development and pathology of human heart as potential tools for the future development of targeted regenerative strategies for various heart malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Miksiunas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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19
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Farr GH, Imani K, Pouv D, Maves L. Functional testing of a human PBX3 variant in zebrafish reveals a potential modifier role in congenital heart defects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035972. [PMID: 30355621 PMCID: PMC6215422 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome and exome sequencing efforts are increasingly identifying candidate genetic variants associated with human disease. However, predicting and testing the pathogenicity of a genetic variant remains challenging. Genome editing allows for the rigorous functional testing of human genetic variants in animal models. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a prominent example of a human disorder with complex genetics. An inherited sequence variant in the human PBX3 gene (PBX3 p.A136V) has previously been shown to be enriched in a CHD patient cohort, indicating that the PBX3 p.A136V variant could be a modifier allele for CHDs. Pbx genes encode three-amino-acid loop extension (TALE)-class homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins with diverse roles in development and disease, and are required for heart development in mouse and zebrafish. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to directly test whether this Pbx gene variant acts as a genetic modifier in zebrafish heart development. We used a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide to precisely introduce the human PBX3 p.A136V variant in the homologous zebrafish pbx4 gene (pbx4 p.A131V). We observed that zebrafish that are homozygous for pbx4 p.A131V are viable as adults. However, the pbx4 p.A131V variant enhances the embryonic cardiac morphogenesis phenotype caused by loss of the known cardiac specification factor, Hand2. Our study is the first example of using precision genome editing in zebrafish to demonstrate a function for a human disease-associated single nucleotide variant of unknown significance. Our work underscores the importance of testing the roles of inherited variants, not just de novo variants, as genetic modifiers of CHDs. Our study provides a novel approach toward advancing our understanding of the complex genetics of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gist H Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimia Imani
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darren Pouv
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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20
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Szot JO, Cuny H, Blue GM, Humphreys DT, Ip E, Harrison K, Sholler GF, Giannoulatou E, Leo P, Duncan EL, Sparrow DB, Ho JWK, Graham RM, Pachter N, Chapman G, Winlaw DS, Dunwoodie SL. A Screening Approach to Identify Clinically Actionable Variants Causing Congenital Heart Disease in Exome Data. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e001978. [PMID: 29555671 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD)-structural abnormalities of the heart that arise during embryonic development-is the most common inborn malformation, affecting ≤1% of the population. However, currently, only a minority of cases can be explained by genetic abnormalities. The goal of this study was to identify disease-causal genetic variants in 30 families affected by CHD. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed with the DNA of multiple family members. We utilized a 2-tiered whole-exome variant screening and interpretation procedure. First, we manually curated a high-confidence list of 90 genes known to cause CHD in humans, identified predicted damaging variants in genes on this list, and rated their pathogenicity using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. RESULTS In 3 families (10%), we found pathogenic variants in known CHD genes TBX5, TFAP2B, and PTPN11, explaining the cardiac lesions. Second, exomes were comprehensively analyzed to identify additional predicted damaging variants that segregate with disease in CHD candidate genes. In 10 additional families (33%), likely disease-causal variants were uncovered in PBX1, CNOT1, ZFP36L2, TEK, USP34, UPF2, KDM5A, KMT2C, TIE1, TEAD2, and FLT4. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of CHD could be explained using our high-confidence CHD gene list for variant filtering in a subset of cases. Furthermore, our unbiased screening procedure of family exomes implicates additional genes and variants in the pathogenesis of CHD, which suggest themselves for functional validation. This 2-tiered approach provides a means of (1) identifying clinically actionable variants and (2) identifying additional disease-causal genes, both of which are essential for improving the molecular diagnosis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Szot
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Hartmut Cuny
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Gillian M Blue
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - David T Humphreys
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Eddie Ip
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Katrina Harrison
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Gary F Sholler
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Paul Leo
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Emma L Duncan
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Robert M Graham
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Nicholas Pachter
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Gavin Chapman
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - David S Winlaw
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.)
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- From the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (J.O.S., H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.); Faculty of Science (J.O.S., S.L.D.) and Faculty of Medicine (H.C., D.T.H., E.I., E.G., D.B.S., J.W.K.H., R.M.G., G.C., S.L.D.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead, Heart Centre for Children (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (G.M.B., G.F.S., D.S.W.); Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth (K.H., N.P.); Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, New South Wales, Australia (G.F.S.); Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (P.L., E.L.D.); Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (E.L.D.); University of Queensland, Brisbane (E.L.D.); and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.P.).
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Malouf C, Ottersbach K. Molecular processes involved in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:417-446. [PMID: 28819864 PMCID: PMC5765206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell leukaemia is one of the most frequent malignancies in the paediatric population, but also affects a significant proportion of adults in developed countries. The majority of infant and paediatric cases initiate the process of leukaemogenesis during foetal development (in utero) through the formation of a chromosomal translocation or the acquisition/deletion of genetic material (hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy, respectively). This first genetic insult is the major determinant for the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of patients. B cell leukaemia in adults displays similar molecular features as its paediatric counterpart. However, since this disease is highly represented in the infant and paediatric population, this review will focus on this demographic group and summarise the biological, clinical and epidemiological knowledge on B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of four well characterised subtypes: t(4;11) MLL-AF4, t(12;21) ETV6-RUNX1, t(1;19) E2A-PBX1 and t(9;22) BCR-ABL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malouf
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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22
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Slavotinek A, Risolino M, Losa M, Cho MT, Monaghan KG, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Parisotto S, Herkert JC, Stegmann APA, Miller K, Shur N, Chui J, Muller E, DeBrosse S, Szot JO, Chapman G, Pachter NS, Winlaw DS, Mendelsohn BA, Dalton J, Sarafoglou K, Karachunski PI, Lewis JM, Pedro H, Dunwoodie SL, Selleri L, Shieh J. De novo, deleterious sequence variants that alter the transcriptional activity of the homeoprotein PBX1 are associated with intellectual disability and pleiotropic developmental defects. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4849-4860. [PMID: 29036646 PMCID: PMC6455034 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present eight patients with de novo, deleterious sequence variants in the PBX1 gene. PBX1 encodes a three amino acid loop extension (TALE) homeodomain transcription factor that forms multimeric complexes with TALE and HOX proteins to regulate target gene transcription during development. As previously reported, Pbx1 homozygous mutant mice (Pbx1-/-) develop malformations and hypoplasia or aplasia of multiple organs, including the craniofacial skeleton, ear, branchial arches, heart, lungs, diaphragm, gut, kidneys, and gonads. Clinical findings similar to those in Pbx mutant mice were observed in all patients with varying expressivity and severity, including external ear anomalies, abnormal branchial arch derivatives, heart malformations, diaphragmatic hernia, renal hypoplasia and ambiguous genitalia. All patients but one had developmental delays. Previously reported patients with congenital anomalies affecting the kidney and urinary tract exhibited deletions and loss of function variants in PBX1. The sequence variants in our cases included missense substitutions adjacent to the PBX1 homeodomain (p.Arg184Pro, p.Met224Lys, and p.Arg227Pro) or within the homeodomain (p.Arg234Pro, and p.Arg235Gln), whereas p.Ser262Glnfs*2, and p.Arg288* yielded truncated PBX1 proteins. Functional studies on five PBX1 sequence variants revealed perturbation of intrinsic, PBX-dependent transactivation ability and altered nuclear translocation, suggesting abnormal interactions between mutant PBX1 proteins and wild-type TALE or HOX cofactors. It is likely that the mutations directly affect the transcription of PBX1 target genes to impact embryonic development. We conclude that deleterious sequence variants in PBX1 cause intellectual disability and pleiotropic malformations resembling those in Pbx1 mutant mice, arguing for strong conservation of gene function between these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Slavotinek
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maurizio Risolino
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marta Losa
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Parisotto
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Johanna C Herkert
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Shur
- Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Chui
- Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children’s Health at CPMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Muller
- Clinical Genetics, Stanford Children’s Health at CPMC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne DeBrosse
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin O Szot
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Chapman
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Pachter
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David S Winlaw
- University of Sydney, Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce A Mendelsohn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joline Dalton
- Paul and Shelia Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jane M Lewis
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Helio Pedro
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Licia Selleri
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Shieh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Li H, Jiang L, Yu Z, Han S, Liu X, Li M, Zhu C, Qiao L, Huang L. The Role of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA TUC40- in Cardiomyocyte Induction and Maturation in P19 Cells. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:608-616. [PMID: 29208259 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, TUC40-, a new long noncoding RNA, was found to be overexpressed in human ventricular septal defect (VSD) embryonic heart samples. In this article, we carried out experiments on the P19 cell line to elucidate the effects of TUC40- overexpression on cardiomyocyte development relevant to VSD pathogenesis. METHODS We established the overexpression cell model by plasmid transfection, and explored the expression profile of Pbx1, the sense gene of TUC40-, and the marker genes of cardiomyocyte linage commitment (Nkx2.5 and GATA4) and maturation (cardiac troponin T). In addition, we combined cell cycle and Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis to detect cell proliferation and used flow cytometry and caspase-3 assays to test apoptosis. At last, bioinformatics analysis was performed to show the possible role of TUC40-. RESULTS In the control group, Pbx1 elevated steadily during cardiomyocyte induction; whereas in the overexpression group, it showed significantly lower expression at day 6, 8 and 10 of induction. Cells in the overexpression group failed to induce cardiomyocytes indicated by GATA4 and cardiac troponin T. Proliferation was inhibited possibly owing to G2/M cell cycle arrest and the induced apoptosis rate was higher in the overexpression group. CONCLUSIONS TUC40- overexpression reduced Pbx1 expression, cardiomyocyte induction and differentiation, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Combining the results and previous studies, we propose TUC40- as a potential pathologic factor for VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shuping Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Gulou Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kardon G, Ackerman KG, McCulley DJ, Shen Y, Wynn J, Shang L, Bogenschutz E, Sun X, Chung WK. Congenital diaphragmatic hernias: from genes to mechanisms to therapies. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:955-970. [PMID: 28768736 PMCID: PMC5560060 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) and structural anomalies of the diaphragm are a common class of congenital birth defects that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to associated pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. In ∼30% of CDH patients, genomic analyses have identified a range of genetic defects, including chromosomal anomalies, copy number variants and sequence variants. The affected genes identified in CDH patients include transcription factors, such as GATA4, ZFPM2, NR2F2 and WT1, and signaling pathway components, including members of the retinoic acid pathway. Mutations in these genes affect diaphragm development and can have pleiotropic effects on pulmonary and cardiac development. New therapies, including fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion and prenatal transplacental fetal treatments, aim to normalize lung development and pulmonary vascular tone to prevent and treat lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Studies of the association between particular genetic mutations and clinical outcomes should allow us to better understand the origin of this birth defect and to improve our ability to predict and identify patients most likely to benefit from specialized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kate G Ackerman
- Departments of Pediatrics (Critical Care) and Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Linshan Shang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Bogenschutz
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Thériault S, Whitlock R, Raman K, Vincent J, Yusuf S, Paré G. Gene Expression Profiles for the Identification of Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006057. [PMID: 28666990 PMCID: PMC5586311 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) can be difficult, requiring cumbersome investigations. We aimed to determine the association of established whole-blood gene expression scores with prevalent AF and to evaluate their performance for the identification of AF in a SIRS (Steroids in Cardiac Surgery) trial cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-blood, transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling was performed using the Illumina HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip in 416 participants (65% men) before surgery, including 91 with a diagnosis of AF. An AF gene score (GS) calculated from 7 genes reported to be upregulated in AF and a validated GS for biological age based on 1254 genes related to aging were both independently associated with AF diagnosis before surgery in multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for known risk factors (P=0.0006 and P=0.003). Addition of AF and biological age GSs to clinical risk factors led to significant improvement in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (from 0.77 to 0.80; P=0.03), continuous net reclassification improvement index (P<0.0001), and integrated discrimination improvement index (P=0.0002). When stratifying AF by subtype, AF GS was mainly associated with paroxysmal AF (P=0.003), whereas the biological age GS was mainly associated with permanent AF (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS We validated the existence of a blood gene expression signature for prevalent AF and showed that biological age derived from gene expression is significantly associated with prevalent AF. These findings suggest a potential utility of blood gene expression for the identification of patients with AF, particularly paroxysmal AF. This result could have implications for the prevention and management of cryptogenic stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00427388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Whitlock
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kripa Raman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Vincent
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Niu Y, Sengupta M, Titov AA, Choi SC, Morel L. The PBX1 lupus susceptibility gene regulates CD44 expression. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:148-154. [PMID: 28257976 PMCID: PMC5389453 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PBX1-d is novel splice isoform of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) that lacks its DNA-binding and Hox-binding domains, and functions as a dominant negative. We have shown that PBX1-d expression in CD4+ T cells is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a mouse model as well as in human subjects. More specifically, PBX1-d expression leads to the production of autoreactive activated CD4+ T cells, a reduced frequency and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and an expansion of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Very little is known about the function of PBX1 in T cells, except that it directly regulates the expression of miRNAs associated with Treg and Tfh homeostasis. In the present study, we show that PBX1 directly regulated the expression of CD44, a marker of T cell activation. Two PBX1 binding sites in the promoter directly regulated CD44 expression, with PBX1-d driving a higher expression than the normal isoform PBX1-b. In addition, mutations in each of the two binding sites had different effects of PBX1-b and PBX1-d. Finally, we showed that an enhanced recruitment of co-factor MEIS by PBX1-d over PBX1-b, while there was no difference for co-factor PREP1 recruitment. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the lupus-associated PBX1-d isoform directly transactivates CD44, a marker of CD44 activation and memory, and that it has different DNA binding and co-factor recruitment relative to the normal isoform. Taken together, these results confirm that PBX1 directly regulates genes related to T cell activation and shows that the lupus-associated isoform PBX1-d has unique molecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Niu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Mayami Sengupta
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Anton A Titov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
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Wu B, Wang Y, Xiao F, Butcher JT, Yutzey KE, Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:21-41. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Yidong Wang
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Feng Xiao
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Jonathan T. Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229;
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
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Stefanovic S, Zaffran S. Mechanisms of retinoic acid signaling during cardiogenesis. Mech Dev 2016; 143:9-19. [PMID: 28007475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Substantial experimental and epidemiological data have highlighted the interplay between nutritional and genetic factors in the development of congenital heart defects. Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, plays a key role during vertebrate development including the formation of the heart. Retinoids bind to RA and retinoid X receptors (RARs and RXRs) which then regulate tissue-specific genes. Here, we will focus on the roles of RA signaling and receptors in gene regulation during cardiogenesis, and the consequence of deregulated retinoid signaling on heart formation and congenital heart defects.
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Hox Genes in Cardiovascular Development and Diseases. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4020014. [PMID: 29615581 PMCID: PMC5831787 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading cause of death in the first year of life. Over the past 20 years, much effort has been focused on unraveling the genetic bases of CHD. In particular, studies in human genetics coupled with those of model organisms have provided valuable insights into the gene regulatory networks underlying CHD pathogenesis. Hox genes encode transcription factors that are required for the patterning of the anterior–posterior axis in the embryo. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of anteriorly expressed Hox genes (Hoxa1, Hoxb1, and Hoxa3) in cardiac development, specifically their contribution to patterning of cardiac progenitor cells and formation of the great arteries. Recent evidence regarding the cooperative regulation of heart development by Hox proteins with members of the TALE-class of homeodomain proteins such as Pbx and Meis transcription factors is also discussed. These findings are highly relevant to human pathologies as they pinpoint new genes that increase susceptibility to cardiac anomalies and provide novel mechanistic insights into CHD.
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Abstract
Proper control of the temporal onset of cellular differentiation is critical for regulating cell lineage decisions and morphogenesis during development. Pbx homeodomain transcription factors have emerged as important regulators of cellular differentiation. We previously showed, by using antisense morpholino knockdown, that Pbx factors are needed for the timely activation of myocardial differentiation in zebrafish. In order to gain further insight into the roles of Pbx factors in heart development, we show here that zebrafish pbx4 mutant embryos exhibit delayed onset of myocardial differentiation, such as delayed activation of tnnt2a expression in early cardiomyocytes in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. We also observe delayed myocardial morphogenesis and dysmorphic patterning of the ventricle and atrium, consistent with our previous Pbx knock-down studies. In addition, we find that pbx4 mutant larvae have aberrant outflow tracts and defective expression of the proepicardial marker tbx18. Finally, we present evidence for Pbx expression in cardiomyocyte precursors as well as heterogeneous Pbx expression among the pan-cytokeratin-expressing proepicardial cells near the developing ventricle. In summary, our data show that Pbx4 is required for the proper temporal activation of myocardial differentiation and establish a basis for studying additional roles of Pbx factors in heart development.
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Machon O, Masek J, Machonova O, Krauss S, Kozmik Z. Meis2 is essential for cranial and cardiac neural crest development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 26545946 PMCID: PMC4636814 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background TALE-class homeodomain transcription factors Meis and Pbx play important roles in formation of the embryonic brain, eye, heart, cartilage or hematopoiesis. Loss-of-function studies of Pbx1, 2 and 3 and Meis1 documented specific functions in embryogenesis, however, functional studies of Meis2 in mouse are still missing. We have generated a conditional allele of Meis2 in mice and shown that systemic inactivation of the Meis2 gene results in lethality by the embryonic day 14 that is accompanied with hemorrhaging. Results We show that neural crest cells express Meis2 and Meis2-defficient embryos display defects in tissues that are derived from the neural crest, such as an abnormal heart outflow tract with the persistent truncus arteriosus and abnormal cranial nerves. The importance of Meis2 for neural crest cells is further confirmed by means of conditional inactivation of Meis2 using crest-specific AP2α-IRES-Cre mouse. Conditional mutants display perturbed development of the craniofacial skeleton with severe anomalies in cranial bones and cartilages, heart and cranial nerve abnormalities. Conclusions Meis2-null mice are embryonic lethal. Our results reveal a critical role of Meis2 during cranial and cardiac neural crest cells development in mouse. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0093-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Machon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Masek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Machonova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Oslo University Hospital, N-0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Zbynek Kozmik
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 14200, Praha, Czech Republic.
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Kubic JD, Little EC, Kaiser RS, Young KP, Lang D. FOXD3 Promotes PAX3 Expression in Melanoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:533-41. [PMID: 26252164 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several key transcription factors regulate cell growth, survival, and differentiation during neural crest and melanoblast development in the embryo, and these same pathways may be reactivated in tumors arising from the progenitors of these cells. The transcription factors PAX3 and FOXD3 have essential roles in melanoblasts and melanoma. In this study, we define a regulatory pathway where FOXD3 promotes the expression of PAX3. Both factors are expressed in melanoma cells and there is a positive correlation between the transcript levels of PAX3 and FOXD3. The PAX3 gene contains two FOX binding motifs within highly conserved enhancer regulatory elements that are essential for neural crest development. FOXD3 binds to both of these motifs in vitro but only one of these sites is preferentially utilized in melanoma cells. Overexpression of FOXD3 upregulates PAX3 levels while inhibition of FOXD3 function does not alter PAX3 protein levels, supporting that FOXD3 is sufficient but not necessary to drive PAX3 expression in melanoma cells. Here, we identify a molecular pathway where FOXD3 upregulates PAX3 expression and therefore contributes to melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Kubic
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Elizabeth C Little
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Rebecca S Kaiser
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Kacey P Young
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
| | - Deborah Lang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637
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Hurtado R, Zewdu R, Mtui J, Liang C, Aho R, Kurylo C, Selleri L, Herzlinger D. Pbx1-dependent control of VMC differentiation kinetics underlies gross renal vascular patterning. Development 2015; 142:2653-64. [PMID: 26138478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of an organ's vascular bed subserves its physiological function and metabolic demands. However, the mechanisms underlying gross vascular patterning remain elusive. Using intravital dye labeling and 3D imaging, we discovered that systems-level vascular patterning in the kidney is dependent on the kinetics of vascular mural cell (VMC) differentiation. Conditional ablation of the TALE transcription factor Pbx1 in renal VMC progenitors in the mouse led to the premature upregulation of PDGFRβ, a master initiator of VMC-blood vessel association. This precocious VMC differentiation resulted in nonproductive angiogenesis, abnormal renal arterial tree patterning and neonatal death consistent with kidney dysfunction. Notably, we establish that Pbx1 directly represses Pdgfrb, and demonstrate that decreased Pdgfrb dosage in conditional Pbx1 mutants substantially rescues vascular patterning defects and neonatal survival. These findings identify, for the first time, an in vivo transcriptional regulator of PDGFRβ, and reveal a previously unappreciated role for VMCs in systems-level vascular patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Hurtado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rediet Zewdu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James Mtui
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy Liang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chad Kurylo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doris Herzlinger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Mohammedi K, Bellili-Muñoz N, Marklund SL, Driss F, Le Nagard H, Patente TA, Fumeron F, Roussel R, Hadjadj S, Marre M, Velho G. Plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase concentration, allelic variations in the SOD3 gene and risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:845. [PMID: 25855220 PMCID: PMC4324771 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in development of diabetes complications. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) is a major extracellular antioxidant enzyme and is highly expressed in arterial walls. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and 8-iso-prostaglandin (isoprostane) are markers of oxidative stress. We investigated association of SOD3 gene variants, plasma concentrations of EC-SOD, AOPP and isoprostane with myocardial infarction and mortality in diabetic patients. METHODS We studied three cohorts designed to evaluate the vascular complications of diabetes: the GENEDIAB study (469 participants with type 1 diabetes at baseline; follow-up data for 259 participants), the GENESIS study (603 participants with type 1 diabetes at baseline; follow-up data for 525 participants) and the DIABHYCAR study (3137 participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline and follow-up). Duration of follow-up was 9, 5, and 5 years, respectively. Main outcome measures were incidence of myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular and total mortality during follow-up. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms in the SOD3 locus were genotyped in the three cohorts. Plasma concentrations of EC-SOD, AOPP, and isoprostane were measured in baseline samples of GENEDIAB participants. RESULTS In GENEDIAB/GENESIS pooled cohorts, the minor T-allele of rs2284659 variant was inversely associated with the prevalence at baseline (Odds Ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004) and the incidence during follow-up of myocardial infarction (Hazard Ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.83, p = 0.003) and with cardiovascular (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08-0.74, p = 0.004) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.73, p = 0.0006). The protective allele was associated with higher plasma EC-SOD and lower plasma AOPP concentrations in GENEDIAB. It was also inversely associated with incidence of myocardial infarction (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.94, p = 0.01) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.97, p = 0.008) in DIABHYCAR. CONCLUSIONS The T-allele of rs2284659 in the promoter of SOD3 was associated with a more favorable plasma redox status and with better cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that EC-SOD plays an important role in the mechanisms of vascular protection against diabetes-related oxidative stress.
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Sanchez-Ferras O, Bernas G, Laberge-Perrault E, Pilon N. Induction and dorsal restriction of Paired-box 3 (Pax3) gene expression in the caudal neuroectoderm is mediated by integration of multiple pathways on a short neural crest enhancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:546-58. [PMID: 24815547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pax3 encodes a paired-box transcription factor with key roles in neural crest and neural tube ontogenesis. Robust control of Pax3 neural expression is ensured by two redundant sets of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) that integrate anterior-posterior (such as Wnt-βCatenin signaling) as well as dorsal-ventral (such as Shh-Gli signaling) instructive cues. In previous work, we sought to characterize the Wnt-mediated regulation of Pax3 expression and identified the Cdx transcription factors (Cdx1/2/4) as critical intermediates in this process. We identified the neural crest enhancer-2 (NCE2) from the 5'-flanking region of Pax3 as a Cdx-dependent CRM that recapitulates the restricted expression of Pax3 in the mouse caudal neuroectoderm. While this is consistent with a key role in relaying the inductive signal from posteriorizing Wnt ligands, the broad expression of Cdx proteins in the tailbud region is not consistent with the restricted activity of NCE2. This implies that other positive and/or negative inputs are required and, here, we report a novel role for the transcription factor Zic2 in this regulation. Our data strongly suggests that Zic2 is involved in the induction (as a direct Pax3NCE2 activator and Cdx neural cofactor) as well as the maintenance of Pax3 dorsal restriction (as a target of the ventral Shh repressive input). We also provide evidence that the inductive Cdx-Zic2 interaction is integrated on NCE2 with a positive input from the neural-specific transcription factor Sox2. Altogether, our data provide important mechanistic insights into the coordinated integration of different signaling pathways on a short Pax3 CRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Guillaume Bernas
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Emilie Laberge-Perrault
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Canada.
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Lin H, Yin X, Lunetta KL, Dupuis J, McManus DD, Lubitz SA, Magnani JW, Joehanes R, Munson PJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Ellinor PT, Benjamin EJ. Whole blood gene expression and atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96794. [PMID: 24805109 PMCID: PMC4013062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) involves substantial electrophysiological, structural and contractile remodeling. We hypothesize that characterizing gene expression might uncover important pathways related to AF. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed genome-wide whole blood transcriptomic profiling (Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Array) of 2446 participants (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 55% women) from the Offspring cohort of Framingham Heart Study. The study included 177 participants with prevalent AF, 143 with incident AF during up to 7 years follow up, and 2126 participants with no AF. We identified seven genes statistically significantly up-regulated with prevalent AF. The most significant gene, PBX1 (P = 2.8 × 10(-7)), plays an important role in cardiovascular development. We integrated differential gene expression with gene-gene interaction information to identify several signaling pathways possibly involved in AF-related transcriptional regulation. We did not detect any statistically significant transcriptomic associations with incident AF. CONCLUSION We examined associations of gene expression with AF in a large community-based cohort. Our study revealed several genes and signaling pathways that are potentially involved in AF-related transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David D. McManus
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and Epidemiology Division, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jared W. Magnani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roby Joehanes
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Munson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin G. Larson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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37
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Li W, Lin CY, Shang C, Han P, Xiong Y, Lin CJ, Yang J, Selleri L, Chang CP. Pbx1 activates Fgf10 in the mesenchyme of developing lungs. Genesis 2014; 52:399-407. [PMID: 24591256 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insufficiency of surfactants is a core factor in respiratory distress syndrome, which causes apnea and neonatal death, particularly in preterm infants. Surfactant proteins are secreted by alveolar type II cells in the lung epithelium, the differentiation of which is regulated by Fgf10 elaborated by the adjacent mesenchyme. However, the molecular regulation of mesenchymal Fgf10 during lung development has not been fully understood. Here, we show that Pbx1, a homeodomain transcription factor, is required in the lung mesenchyme for the expression of Fgf10. Mouse embryos lacking Pbx1 in the lung mesenchyme show compact terminal saccules and perinatal lethality with failure of postnatal alveolar expansion. Mutant embryos had severely reduced expression of Fgf10 and surfactant genes (Spa, Spb, Spc, and Spd) that are essential for alveolar expansion for gas exchange at birth. Molecularly, Pbx1 directly binds to the Fgf10 promoter and cooperates with Meis and Hox proteins to transcriptionally activate Fgf10. Our results thus show how Pbx1 controls Fgf10 in the developing lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Stergachis AB, Neph S, Reynolds A, Humbert R, Miller B, Paige SL, Vernot B, Cheng JB, Thurman RE, Sandstrom R, Haugen E, Heimfeld S, Murry CE, Akey JM, Stamatoyannopoulos JA. Developmental fate and cellular maturity encoded in human regulatory DNA landscapes. Cell 2013; 154:888-903. [PMID: 23953118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular-state information between generations of developing cells may be propagated via regulatory regions. We report consistent patterns of gain and loss of DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) as cells progress from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to terminal fates. DHS patterns alone convey rich information about cell fate and lineage relationships distinct from information conveyed by gene expression. Developing cells share a proportion of their DHS landscapes with ESCs; that proportion decreases continuously in each cell type as differentiation progresses, providing a quantitative benchmark of developmental maturity. Developmentally stable DHSs densely encode binding sites for transcription factors involved in autoregulatory feedback circuits. In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells extensively reactivate silenced ESC DHSs and those from developmental programs external to the cell lineage from which the malignancy derives. Our results point to changes in regulatory DNA landscapes as quantitative indicators of cell-fate transitions, lineage relationships, and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Stergachis
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shane Neph
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alex Reynolds
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Richard Humbert
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brady Miller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sharon L Paige
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Benjamin Vernot
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert E Thurman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Richard Sandstrom
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eric Haugen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shelly Heimfeld
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua M Akey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Tandon P, Miteva YV, Kuchenbrod LM, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Tcf21 regulates the specification and maturation of proepicardial cells. Development 2013; 140:2409-21. [PMID: 23637334 DOI: 10.1242/dev.093385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium is a mesothelial cell layer essential for vertebrate heart development and pertinent for cardiac repair post-injury in the adult. The epicardium initially forms from a dynamic precursor structure, the proepicardial organ, from which cells migrate onto the heart surface. During the initial stage of epicardial development crucial epicardial-derived cell lineages are thought to be determined. Here, we define an essential requirement for transcription factor Tcf21 during early stages of epicardial development in Xenopus, and show that depletion of Tcf21 results in a disruption in proepicardial cell specification and failure to form a mature epithelial epicardium. Using a mass spectrometry-based approach we defined Tcf21 interactions and established its association with proteins that function as transcriptional co-repressors. Furthermore, using an in vivo systems-based approach, we identified a panel of previously unreported proepicardial precursor genes that are persistently expressed in the epicardial layer upon Tcf21 depletion, thereby confirming a primary role for Tcf21 in the correct determination of the proepicardial lineage. Collectively, these studies lead us to propose that Tcf21 functions as a transcriptional repressor to regulate proepicardial cell specification and the correct formation of a mature epithelial epicardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panna Tandon
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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41
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Xiong Y, Li W, Shang C, Chen RM, Han P, Yang J, Stankunas K, Wu B, Pan M, Zhou B, Longaker MT, Chang CP. Brg1 governs a positive feedback circuit in the hair follicle for tissue regeneration and repair. Dev Cell 2013; 25:169-81. [PMID: 23602386 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (bulge cells) are essential for hair regeneration and early epidermal repair after wounding. Here we show that Brg1, a key enzyme in the chromatin-remodeling machinery, is dynamically expressed in bulge cells to control tissue regeneration and repair. In mice, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signals Gli to activate Brg1 in bulge cells to begin hair regeneration, whereas Brg1 recruits NF-κB to activate Shh in matrix cells to sustain hair growth. Such reciprocal Brg1-Shh interaction is essential for hair regeneration. Moreover, Brg1 is indispensable for maintaining the bulge cell reservoir. Without Brg1, bulge cells are depleted over time, partly through the ectopic expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1). Also, bulge Brg1 is activated by skin injury to facilitate early epidermal repair. Our studies demonstrate a molecular circuit that integrates chromatin remodeling (Brg1), transcriptional regulation (NF-κB, Gli), and intercellular signaling (Shh) to control bulge stem cells during tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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42
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Yao Z, Farr GH, Tapscott SJ, Maves L. Pbx and Prdm1a transcription factors differentially regulate subsets of the fast skeletal muscle program in zebrafish. Biol Open 2013; 2:546-55. [PMID: 23789105 PMCID: PMC3683157 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix factor Myod initiates skeletal muscle differentiation by directly and sequentially activating sets of muscle differentiation genes, including those encoding muscle contractile proteins. We hypothesize that Pbx homeodomain proteins direct Myod to a subset of its transcriptional targets, in particular fast-twitch muscle differentiation genes, thereby regulating the competence of muscle precursor cells to differentiate. We have previously shown that Pbx proteins bind with Myod on the promoter of the zebrafish fast muscle gene mylpfa and that Pbx proteins are required for Myod to activate mylpfa expression and the fast-twitch muscle-specific differentiation program in zebrafish embryos. Here we have investigated the interactions of Pbx with another muscle fiber-type regulator, Prdm1a, a SET-domain DNA-binding factor that directly represses mylpfa expression and fast muscle differentiation. The prdm1a mutant phenotype, early and increased fast muscle differentiation, is the opposite of the Pbx-null phenotype, delayed and reduced fast muscle differentiation. To determine whether Pbx and Prdm1a have opposing activities on a common set of genes, we used RNA-seq analysis to globally assess gene expression in zebrafish embryos with single- and double-losses-of-function for Pbx and Prdm1a. We find that the levels of expression of certain fast muscle genes are increased or approximately wild type in pbx2/4-MO;prdm1a−/− embryos, suggesting that Pbx activity normally counters the repressive action of Prdm1a for a subset of the fast muscle program. However, other fast muscle genes require Pbx but are not regulated by Prdm1a. Thus, our findings reveal that subsets of the fast muscle program are differentially regulated by Pbx and Prdm1a. Our findings provide an example of how Pbx homeodomain proteins act in a balance with other transcription factors to regulate subsets of a cellular differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yao
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109 , USA
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43
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Neeb Z, Lajiness JD, Bolanis E, Conway SJ. Cardiac outflow tract anomalies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 2:499-530. [PMID: 24014420 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mature outflow tract (OFT) is, in basic terms, a short conduit. It is a simple, although vital, connection situated between contracting muscular heart chambers and a vast embryonic vascular network. Unfortunately, it is also a focal point underlying many multifactorial congenital heart defects (CHDs). Through the use of various animal models combined with human genetic investigations, we are beginning to comprehend the molecular and cellular framework that controls OFT morphogenesis. Clear roles of neural crest cells (NCC) and second heart field (SHF) derivatives have been established during OFT formation and remodeling. The challenge now is to determine how the SHF and cardiac NCC interact, the complex reciprocal signaling that appears to be occurring at various stages of OFT morphogenesis, and finally how endocardial progenitors and primary heart field (PHF) communicate with both these colonizing extra-cardiac lineages. Although we are beginning to understand that this dance of progenitor populations is wonderfully intricate, the underlying pathogenesis and the spatiotemporal cell lineage interactions remain to be fully elucidated. What is now clear is that OFT alignment and septation are independent processes, invested via separate SHF and cardiac neural crest (CNC) lineages. This review will focus on our current understanding of the respective contributions of the SHF and CNC lineage during OFT development and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neeb
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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44
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Brg1 governs distinct pathways to direct multiple aspects of mammalian neural crest cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:1738-43. [PMID: 23319608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218072110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the cerebral vessels, pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). and cardiac outflow tract (OFT) requires multipotent neural crest cells (NCCs) that migrate from the neural tube to target tissue destinations. Little is known about how mammalian NCC development is orchestrated by gene programming at the chromatin level, however. Here we show that Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), an ATPase subunit of the Brg1/Brahma-associated factor (BAF) chromatin-remodeling complex, is required in NCCs to direct cardiovascular development. Mouse embryos lacking Brg1 in NCCs display immature cerebral vessels, aberrant PAA patterning, and shortened OFT. Brg1 suppresses an apoptosis factor, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1), and a cell cycle inhibitor, p21(cip1), to inhibit apoptosis and promote proliferation of NCCs, thereby maintaining a multipotent cell reservoir at the neural crest. Brg1 also supports Myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11) expression to allow NCCs to develop into mature vascular smooth muscle cells of cerebral vessels. Within NCCs, Brg1 partners with chromatin remodeler Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 (Chd7) on the PlexinA2 promoter to activate PlexinA2, which encodes a receptor for semaphorin to guide NCCs into the OFT. Our findings reveal an important role for Brg1 and its downstream pathways in the survival, differentiation, and migration of the multipotent NCCs critical for mammalian cardiovascular development.
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45
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Lin CJ, Lin CY, Chen CH, Zhou B, Chang CP. Partitioning the heart: mechanisms of cardiac septation and valve development. Development 2012; 139:3277-99. [PMID: 22912411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart malformations are common congenital defects in humans. Many congenital heart defects involve anomalies in cardiac septation or valve development, and understanding the developmental mechanisms that underlie the formation of cardiac septal and valvular tissues thus has important implications for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of congenital heart disease. The development of heart septa and valves involves multiple types of progenitor cells that arise either within or outside the heart. Here, we review the morphogenetic events and genetic networks that regulate spatiotemporal interactions between the cells that give rise to septal and valvular tissues and hence partition the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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46
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Chang CP. Analysis of the patterning of cardiac outflow tract and great arteries with angiography and vascular casting. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 843:21-8. [PMID: 22222518 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the cardiac outflow tract and great arteries involves complex morphogenetic processes, whose abnormities result in several clinically important diseases. Studies of these developmental processes are therefore important for understanding congenital vascular defects. However, the three-dimensional structure of arteries makes it challenging to analyze the pattern of vasculature using conventional histological approaches. Here we describe a vascular casting method to visualize the branching and connections of great arteries in developing embryos as well as in adult mice. This technique can be used to study the development of cardiac outflow tract, semilunar valves, and great arteries as demonstrated previously (Circ Res, 2008; Development 135: 3577-3586, 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pin Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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47
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Sanchez-Ferras O, Coutaud B, Djavanbakht Samani T, Tremblay I, Souchkova O, Pilon N. Caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) protein-dependent integration of canonical Wnt signaling on paired-box 3 (Pax3) neural crest enhancer. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16623-35. [PMID: 22457346 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.356394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest events in neural crest development takes place at the neural plate border and consists in the induction of Pax3 expression by posteriorizing Wnt·β-catenin signaling. The molecular mechanism of this regulation is not well understood, but several observations suggest a role for posteriorizing Cdx transcription factors (Cdx1/2/4) in this process. Cdx genes are known as integrators of posteriorizing signals from Wnt, retinoic acid, and FGF pathways. In this work, we report that Wnt-mediated regulation of murine Pax3 expression is indirect and involves Cdx proteins as intermediates. We show that Pax3 transcripts co-localize with Cdx proteins in the posterior neurectoderm and that neural Pax3 expression is reduced in Cdx1-null embryos. Using Wnt3a-treated P19 cells and neural crest-derived Neuro2a cells, we demonstrate that Pax3 expression is induced by the Wnt-Cdx pathway. Co-transfection analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and transgenic studies further indicate that Cdx proteins operate via direct binding to an evolutionarily conserved neural crest enhancer of the Pax3 proximal promoter. Taken together, these results suggest a novel neural function for Cdx proteins within the gene regulatory network controlling neural crest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraly Sanchez-Ferras
- Molecular Genetics of Development, Department of Biological Sciences, and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3Y7, Canada
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48
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Arrington CB, Dowse BR, Bleyl SB, Bowles NE. Non-synonymous variants in pre-B cell leukemia homeobox (PBX) genes are associated with congenital heart defects. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:235-7. [PMID: 22426282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiac malformations are one of the most common birth defects and most are believed to be multigenic/multifactorial in nature. Recently mice lacking Pre-B cell leukemia transcription homeobox (PBX) genes were created and found to have a range of ventricular outflow tract (OFT) malformations. Therefore, we screened 95 patients with congenital heart defects, including OFT malformations, for variants in genes encoding PBX proteins, as well as interacting proteins. The coding exons of PBX1-4, PKNOX1, PKNOX2, MEIS1-3, and PBXIP1 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the products analyzed on a lightscanner. Samples with abnormal melting profiles were analyzed by DNA sequencing. Seven non-synonymous variants (6 novel and 1 SNP) were identified in 5 proteins (Pbx3, Pbx4, Meis1, Meis3 and Pknox1). One Pbx3 variant, p.A136V, is located in a highly conserved polyalanine tract and predicted to be deleterious. This variant was present in 5.2% of heart defect patients compared with 1.3% of 380 race- and ethnicity-matched controls (P<0.05). None of the other variants were predicted to be damaging. In conclusion, our results support the Pbx3 Ala136Val variant as a modifier or risk allele for congenital heart defects and implicate PBX-related genes as candidates for CHD, especially those affecting the cardiac outflow tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cammon B Arrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Room 7110B, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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49
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Lin CY, Lin CJ, Chen CH, Chen RM, Zhou B, Chang CP. The secondary heart field is a new site of calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling for semilunar valve development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:1096-102. [PMID: 22300732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Semilunar valve malformations are common human congenital heart defects. Bicuspid aortic valves occur in 2-3% of the population, and pulmonic valve stenosis constitutes 10% of all congenital heart disease in adults (Brickner et al., 2000) [1]. Semilunar valve defects cause valve regurgitation, stenosis, or calcification, leading to endocarditis or congestive heart failure. These complications often require prolonged medical treatment or surgical intervention. Despite the medical importance of valve disease, the regulatory pathways governing semilunar valve development are not entirely clear. In this report we investigated the spatiotemporal role of calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling in semilunar valve development. We generated conditional knockout mice with calcineurin gene disrupted in various tissues during semilunar valve development. Our studies showed that calcineurin/Nfatc1 pathway signals in the secondary heart field (SHF) but not in the outflow tract myocardium or neural crest cells to regulate semilunar valve morphogenesis. Without SHF calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling, the conal endocardial cushions-the site of prospective semilunar valve formation--first develop and then regress due to apoptosis, resulting in a striking phenotype with complete absence of the aortic and pulmonic valves, severe valve regurgitation, and perinatal lethality. This role of calcineurin/Nfatc1 signaling in the SHF is different from the requirement of calcineurin/Nfatc1 in the endocardium for semilunar valve formation (Chang et al., 2004) [2], indicating that calcineurin/Nfatc1 signals in multiple tissues to organize semilunar valve development. Also, our studies suggest distinct mechanisms of calcineurin/Nfat signaling for semilunar and atrioventricular valve morphogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate a novel developmental mechanism in which calcineurin signals through Nfatc1 in the secondary heart field to promote semilunar valve morphogenesis, revealing a new supportive role of the secondary heart field for semilunar valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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50
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Makki N, Capecchi MR. Cardiovascular defects in a mouse model of HOXA1 syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:26-31. [PMID: 21940751 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common human birth defects, yet many genes and pathways regulating heart development remain unknown. A recent study in humans revealed that mutations in a single Hox gene, HOXA1 (Athabascan Brainstem Dysgenesis Syndrome, Bosley-Salih-Alorainy Syndrome), can cause severe cardiovascular malformations, some of which are lethal without surgical intervention. Since the discovery of the human syndromes, there have been no reports of any Hox mouse mutants with cardiac defects, hampering studies to explore the developmental causes of the human disease. In this study, we identify severe cardiovascular malformations in a Hox mouse model, which mimic the congenital heart defects in HOXA1 syndrome patients. Hoxa1 null mice show defects such as interrupted aortic arch, aberrant subclavian artery and Tetralogy of Fallot, demonstrating that Hoxa1 is required for patterning of the great arteries and outflow tract of the heart. We show that during early embryogenesis, Hoxa1 is expressed in precursors of cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs), which populate the heart. We further demonstrate that Hoxa1 acts upstream of several genes, important for neural crest specification. Thus, our data allow us to suggest a model in which Hoxa1 regulates heart development through its influence on cardiac NCCs, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Makki
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5331, USA
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