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Qiu L, Xu H, Sui B, Jiang P, Wang J, Xu D, Liang F, Ma T, Wang H, Chen J. Elucidating the Functional Mechanism of PTK7 in Cancer Development through Spatial Assembly Analysis Using Super Resolution Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7669-7678. [PMID: 38708542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) has been reported as a vital participant in the Wnt signaling pathway, influencing tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, their specific roles in the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression remain elusive. Here, using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with aptamer-probe labeling, we first revealed that a weakening clustering distribution of PTK7 on the basal membranes happened as cellular migration increased during cancer progression. This correspondence was further supported by a diminished aggregated state of PTK7 caused by direct enhancement of cell migration. By comparing the alterations in PTK7 distribution with activation or inhibition of specific Wnt signaling pathway, we speculated that PTK7 could modulate cell migration by participating in the interplay between canonical Wnt (in MCF7 cells) and noncanonical Wnt signals (in MDA-MB-231 cells). Furthermore, we discovered that the spatial distribution morphology of PTK7 was also subject to the hydrolysis ability and activation state of the related hydrolase Matrix metallopeptidase14 (MMP14). This function-related specific assembly of PTK7 reveals a clear relationship between PTK7 and cancer. Meanwhile, potential molecular interactions predicted by the apparent assembly morphology can promote a deep understanding of the functional mechanism of PTK7 in cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Qiu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- Research Center of Biomembranomics, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Binglin Sui
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Pengwei Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Research Center of Biomembranomics, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Junling Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
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Tan QH, Otgonbaatar A, Kaur P, Ga AF, Harmston NP, Tolwinski NS. The Wnt Co-Receptor PTK7/Otk and Its Homolog Otk-2 in Neurogenesis and Patterning. Cells 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38474329 PMCID: PMC10930971 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved metazoan pathway that plays a crucial role in cell fate determination and morphogenesis during development. Wnt ligands can induce disparate cellular responses. The exact mechanism behind these different outcomes is not fully understood but may be due to interactions with different receptors on the cell membrane. PTK7/Otk is a transmembrane receptor that is implicated in various developmental and physiological processes including cell polarity, cell migration, and invasion. Here, we examine two roles of Otk-1 and Otk-2 in patterning and neurogenesis. We find that Otk-1 is a positive regulator of signaling and Otk-2 functions as its inhibitor. We propose that PTK7/Otk functions in signaling, cell migration, and polarity contributing to the diversity of cellular responses seen in Wnt-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Tan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Agimaa Otgonbaatar
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Prameet Kaur
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Angelica Faye Ga
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
| | - Nathan P. Harmston
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Molecular Biosciences Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Nicholas S. Tolwinski
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore (A.O.); (P.K.); (A.F.G.); (N.P.H.)
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Sharma M, Mukherjee S, Shaw AK, Mondal A, Behera A, Das J, Bose A, Sinha B, Sarma JD. Connexin 43 mediated collective cell migration is independent of Golgi orientation. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060006. [PMID: 37815438 PMCID: PMC10629497 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is vital for multiple physiological functions and is involved in the metastatic dissemination of tumour cells in various cancers. For effective directional migration, cells often reorient their Golgi apparatus and, therefore, the secretory traffic towards the leading edge. However, not much is understood about the regulation of Golgi's reorientation. Herein, we address the role of gap junction protein Connexin 43 (Cx43), which connects cells, allowing the direct exchange of molecules. We utilized HeLa WT cells lacking Cx43 and HeLa 43 cells, stably expressing Cx43, and found that functional Cx43 channels affected Golgi morphology and reduced the reorientation of Golgi during cell migration. Although the migration velocity of the front was reduced in HeLa 43, the front displayed enhanced coherence in movement, implying an augmented collective nature of migration. On BFA treatment, Golgi was dispersed and the high heterogeneity in inter-regional front velocity of HeLa WT cells was reduced to resemble the HeLa 43. HeLa 43 had higher vimentin expression and stronger basal F-actin. Furthermore, non-invasive measurement of basal membrane height fluctuations revealed a lower membrane tension. We, therefore, propose that reorientation of Golgi is not the major determinant of migration in the presence of Cx43, which induces collective-like coherent migration in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Suvam Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Archana Kumari Shaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Anushka Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Amrutamaya Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Jibitesh Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Abhishek Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Bidisha Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India
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4
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Shin WS, Oh SW, Park HN, Kim JH, Lee ST. Knockdown of PTK7 Reduces the Oncogenic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells by Impeding Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12173. [PMID: 37569547 PMCID: PMC10418930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a catalytically defective receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is often upregulated in various cancers. This study aimed to validate PTK7 as a target for breast cancer (BC) and investigate its oncogenic signaling mechanism. BC tissue analysis showed significantly elevated PTK7 mRNA levels, especially in refractory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues, compared with normal controls. Similarly, BC cell lines exhibited increased PTK7 expression. Knockdown of PTK7 inhibited the proliferation of T-47D and MCF-7 hormone-receptor-positive BC cell-lines and of HCC1187, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and MDA-MB-453 TNBC cells. PTK7 knockdown also inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and MDA-MB-453 cells, and reduced the phosphorylation levels of crucial oncogenic regulators including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Furthermore, PTK7 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown of PTK7 decreased the growth-factor-induced phosphorylation of FGFR1 and EGFR in MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating its association with RTK activation. In conclusion, PTK7 plays a significant role in oncogenic signal transduction by enhancing FGFR1 and EGFR activation, influencing BC tumorigenesis and metastasis. Hence, PTK7 represents a potential candidate for targeted BC therapy, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (W.-S.S.); (S.W.O.); (H.N.P.); (J.H.K.)
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5
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Lee JY, Jonus HC, Sadanand A, Branella GM, Maximov V, Suttapitugsakul S, Schniederjan MJ, Shim J, Ho A, Parwani KK, Fedanov A, Pilgrim AA, Silva JA, Schnepp RW, Doering CB, Wu R, Spencer HT, Goldsmith KC. Identification and targeting of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) as an immunotherapy candidate for neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101091. [PMID: 37343516 PMCID: PMC10314120 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
GD2-targeting immunotherapies have improved survival in children with neuroblastoma, yet on-target, off-tumor toxicities can occur and a subset of patients cease to respond. The majority of neuroblastoma patients who receive immunotherapy have been previously treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, making it paramount to identify neuroblastoma-specific antigens that remain stable throughout standard treatment. Cell surface glycoproteomics performed on human-derived neuroblastoma tumors in mice following chemotherapy treatment identified protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) to be abundantly expressed. Furthermore, PTK7 shows minimal expression on pediatric-specific normal tissues. We developed an anti-PTK7 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and find PTK7 CAR T cells specifically target and kill PTK7-expressing neuroblastoma in vitro. In vivo, human/murine binding PTK7 CAR T cells regress aggressive neuroblastoma metastatic mouse models and prolong survival with no toxicity. Together, these data demonstrate preclinical efficacy and tolerability for targeting PTK7 and support ongoing investigations to optimize PTK7-targeting CAR T cells for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arhanti Sadanand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gianna M Branella
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor Maximov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suttipong Suttapitugsakul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schniederjan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jenny Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiran K Parwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Fedanov
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adeiye A Pilgrim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan A Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert W Schnepp
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher B Doering
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Trent Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly C Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center at the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Senescent cells perturb intestinal stem cell differentiation through Ptk7 induced noncanonical Wnt and YAP signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 36631445 PMCID: PMC9834240 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are implicated in aging and age-related disease, and SASP-related inflammation is thought to contribute to tissue dysfunction in aging and diseased animals. However, whether and how SASP factors influence the regenerative capacity of tissues remains unclear. Here, using intestinal organoids as a model of tissue regeneration, we show that SASP factors released by senescent fibroblasts deregulate stem cell activity and differentiation and ultimately impair crypt formation. We identify the secreted N-terminal domain of Ptk7 as a key component of the SASP that activates non-canonical Wnt / Ca2+ signaling through FZD7 in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] elicited by Ptk7 promote nuclear translocation of YAP and induce expression of YAP/TEAD target genes, impairing symmetry breaking and stem cell differentiation. Our study discovers secreted Ptk7 as a factor released by senescent cells and provides insight into the mechanism by which cellular senescence contributes to tissue dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Wang Z, Lei P, Li Z, Han X, Yang F, Su T, Meng C, Hou Z, Liu H. Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal the Oncogenic Role of PTK7-NDRG1 Axis in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cell Resistance to AZD9291. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2849-2862. [PMID: 36205702 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the most important chemotherapeutics for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. The resistance to EGFR-TKIs is one of the biggest obstacles to NSCLC outcome. In this study, taking advantage of phospho- and proximal proteomic techniques, we analyzed the network rearrangement in cell lines responding to AZD9291 treatment and found that cell-cell adhesion was dramatically enhanced in AZD9291-resistant cells. Further analysis revealed that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) expression was significantly elevated. Knockdown or overexpression assays showed that PTK7 played a critical role in improving cell adhesion, which enhanced drug resistance. Because PTK7 is a membrane-localized pseudokinase, the proximal labeling probe BirA* was fused to reveal PTK7-interacting proteins. We found that PTK7 interacted with and stabilized NDRG1, which is located predominantly adjacent to adherens junctions. Downregulation of PTK7 or NDRG1 eliminated the resistance of H1975-resistant (H1975-R) and PC9-resistant (PC9-R) cells to AZD9291, suggesting that the PTK7-NDRG1 axis might be a potential target to eliminate the EGFR-TKI resistance during NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Panpan Lei
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caiting Meng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine & Douglas C. Wallace Institute for Mitochondrial and Epigenetic Information Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.,University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Wong TLM, Wong TL, Zhou L, Man K, Purcell J, Lee TK, Yun JP, Ma S. Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) Promotes Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via SOX9 Regulation and TGF-β Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:13-37. [PMID: 36202326 PMCID: PMC9672488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metastasis is found in most advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and it drives tumor recurrence and systemic failure. There is no effective treatment owing to its complex biological features. Many of the molecular drivers of metastasis are crucial players in normal physiology but behave unconventionally during cancer progression. Targeting these molecular drivers for therapy and differentiating them from a physiological background require a detailed examination of the novel mechanisms involved in their activation during metastasis. METHODS Publicly available transcriptomic data such as that of TCGA-LIHC and Gene Expression Omnibus were utilized to identify novel targets upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC. Validation of candidates was assisted by immunohistochemistry performed on tissue microarrays derived from more than 100 HCC patients. Expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) was studied under the treatment of transforming growth factor-β1 and knockdown of SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) to delineate upstream regulation, while CRISPR-mediated knockout and lentiviral overexpression of PTK7 in HCC cells were performed to study their functional and signaling consequences. Manipulated HCC cells were injected into mice models either by orthotopic or tail-vein injection to observe for any in vivo pro-metastatic effects. RESULTS PTK7 was discovered to be the kinase most significantly upregulated in advanced and metastatic HCC, at both transcriptomic and proteomic level. Bioinformatic analyses and functional assays performed in HCC cell lines revealed transforming growth factor-β signaling and SOX9 to be important activators of PTK7 expression. Functionally, enrichment of PTK7 expression could positively regulate metastatic potential of HCC cells in vitro and in lung metastasis models performed in immunodeficient mice. The up-regulation of PTK7 recruited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition components, zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes PTK7 as a novel molecular driver in metastatic HCC, particularly in a transforming growth factor-β-activated microenvironment. The preferential expression of PTK7 resulted in a previously unobserved regulatory effect on the recruitment of epithelial-mesenchymal transition components, which established PTK7 as a potential determinant of specific epithelial-mesenchymal transition status. Therefore, our data support the continual development of PTK7-targeted agents as antimetastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Lam Matthew Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tin-Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Terence K. Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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Kimura Y, Kunio Y, Hotta‐Osada A, Moroi A, Ishii H, Sakurai D, Saitoh M, Oishi N, Kondo T, Ueki K. High expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Clinicopathological correlation and prognosis relevance. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:506-512. [PMID: 35257502 PMCID: PMC9033537 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) expression and clinicopathological factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from 80 patients with primary OSCC. IHC scoring was conducted according to the rate of positive cell and staining intensity. We used the IHC score to classify the degree of PTK7 expression and evaluate clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Results The number of the high expression group (IHC Score 2 or 3) was 45 cases and that of the low expression group (IHC Score 0 or 1) was 35 cases. A significant difference between high expression and low expression groups was found in the N category (p = .008), degree of differentiation (p < .001), and pattern of invasion (p < .001). In accordance with the exacerbation of OSCC with respect to three parameters (N category, degree of differentiation, and pattern of invasion), the ratio of high expression of PTK7 increased. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 59.3% in the high expression group and 87.3% in the low expression group (p < .05). The pathological prognostic signs affecting overall survival were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards model and showed an association with lymph node metastasis and invasion patterns. Conclusion This study suggests that a high IHC score of PTK7 is a potential biomarker for predicting potential metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Kimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Yoshizawa Kunio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Asami Hotta‐Osada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Akinori Moroi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Daiju Sakurai
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Masao Saitoh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
| | - Koichiro Ueki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo City Yamanashi Japan
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10
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Čada Š, Bryja V. Local Wnt signalling in the asymmetric migrating vertebrate cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:26-36. [PMID: 34896020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is known to generate cellular asymmetry via Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway (Wnt/PCP). Wnt/PCP acts locally (i) to orient membrane polarity and asymmetric establishment of intercellular junctions via conserved set of PCP proteins most specifically represented by Vangl and Prickle, and (ii) to asymmetrically rearrange cytoskeletal structures via downstream effectors of Dishevelled (Dvl). This process is best described on stable phenotypes of epithelial cells. Here, however, we review the activity of Wnt signalling in migratory cells which experience the extensive rearrangements of cytoskeleton and consequently dynamic asymmetry, making the localised effects of Wnt signalling easier to distinguish. Firstly, we focused on migration of neuronal axons, which allows to study how the pre-existent cellular asymmetry can influence Wnt signalling outcome. Then, we reviewed the role of Wnt signalling in models of mesenchymal migration including neural crest, melanoma, and breast cancer cells. Last, we collected evidence for local Wnt signalling in amoeboid cells, especially lymphocytes. As the outcome of this review, we identify blank spots in our current understanding of this topic, propose models that synthesise the current observations and allow formulation of testable hypotheses for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Čada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Královopolská 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Non-canonical Wnt signaling promotes directed migration of intestinal stem cells to sites of injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7150. [PMID: 34887411 PMCID: PMC8660829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration after injury requires coordinated regulation of stem cell activation, division, and daughter cell differentiation, processes that are increasingly well understood in many regenerating tissues. How accurate stem cell positioning and localized integration of new cells into the damaged epithelium are achieved, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that enteroendocrine cells coordinate stem cell migration towards a wound in the Drosophila intestinal epithelium. In response to injury, enteroendocrine cells release the N-terminal domain of the PTK7 orthologue, Otk, which activates non-canonical Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, promoting actin-based protrusion formation and stem cell migration towards a wound. We find that this migratory behavior is closely linked to proliferation, and that it is required for efficient tissue repair during injury. Our findings highlight the role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, and identify enteroendocrine cell-released ligands as critical coordinators of intestinal stem cell migration.
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12
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Sicco E, Mónaco A, Fernandez M, Moreno M, Calzada V, Cerecetto H. Metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma imaging using Sgc8-c aptamer PTK7-recognizer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19942. [PMID: 34620894 PMCID: PMC8497559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly skin cancers, and although histopathological criteria are used for its prognosis, biomarkers are necessary to identify the different evolution stages. The applications of molecular imaging include the in vivo diagnosis of cancer with probes that recognize the tumor-biomarkers specific expression allowing external image acquisitions and evaluation of the biological process in quali-quantitative ways. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that recognize targets with high affinity and specificity presenting advantages that make them interesting molecular imaging probes. Sgc8-c (DNA-aptamer) selectively recognizes PTK7-receptor overexpressed in various types of tumors. Herein, Sgc8-c was evaluated, for the first time, in a metastatic melanoma model as molecular imaging probe for in vivo diagnostic, as well as in a non-metastatic melanoma model. Firstly, two probes, radio- and fluorescent-probe, were in vitro evaluated verifying the high specific PTK7 recognition and its internalization in tumor cells by the endosomal route. Secondly, in vivo proof of concept was performed in animal tumor models. In addition, they have rapid clearance from blood exhibiting excellent target (tumor)/non-target organ ratios. Furthermore, optimal biodistribution was observed 24 h after probes injections accumulating almost exclusively in the tumor tissue. Sgc8-c is a potential tool for their specific use in the early detection of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Sicco
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Amy Mónaco
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Republica, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Moreno
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Calzada
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Área de Radiofarmacia, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Grund A, Till K, Giehl K, Borchers A. Ptk7 Is Dynamically Localized at Neural Crest Cell-Cell Contact Sites and Functions in Contact Inhibition of Locomotion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179324. [PMID: 34502237 PMCID: PMC8431534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are highly migratory cells that contribute to various vertebrate tissues, and whose migratory behaviors resemble cancer cell migration and invasion. Information exchange via dynamic NC cell-cell contact is one mechanism by which the directionality of migrating NC cells is controlled. One transmembrane protein that is most likely involved in this process is protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), an evolutionary conserved Wnt co-receptor that is expressed in cranial NC cells and several tumor cells. In Xenopus, Ptk7 is required for NC migration. In this study, we show that the Ptk7 protein is dynamically localized at cell-cell contact zones of migrating Xenopus NC cells and required for contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL). Using deletion constructs of Ptk7, we determined that the extracellular immunoglobulin domains of Ptk7 are important for its transient accumulation and that they mediate homophilic binding. Conversely, we found that ectopic expression of Ptk7 in non-NC cells was able to prevent NC cell invasion. However, deletion of the extracellular domains of Ptk7 abolished this effect. Thus, Ptk7 is sufficient at protecting non-NC tissue from NC cell invasion, suggesting a common role of PTK7 in contact inhibition, cell invasion, and tissue integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Grund
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (A.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Katharina Till
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (A.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Klaudia Giehl
- Faculty of Medicine, Signal Transduction of Cellular Motility, Internal Medicine V, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Annette Borchers
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (A.G.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421-2826587
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14
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Chen J, Li H, Wu Q, Yan Q, Sun J, Liang F, Liu Y, Wang H. Organization of Protein Tyrosine Kinase-7 on Cell Membranes Characterized by Aptamer Probe-Based STORM Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 93:936-945. [PMID: 33301288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7), as an important membrane receptor, regulates various cellular activities, including cell polarity, movement, migration, and invasion. Although lots of research studies focused on revealing its functions from the aspect of the expression of the gene and protein are present, the relationship between the spatial distribution at the single-molecule level and the function remains unclear. Through combining aptamer probe labeling and super-resolution imaging technology, after verifying the specificity and superiority of the aptamer probe, a more significant clustering distribution of PTK7 is found on the MCF10A cell basal membrane than on the apical membrane, which is thought to be related to their specific functions on different membranes. By exploring the relationship between the assembly of PTK7 and lipid rafts, actin cytoskeleton, and carbohydrate chains on the membrane, the unique distribution of PTK7 on disparate membranes is revealed to be probably because of the varied dominant position of these three factors. These findings present the detailed spatial information of PTK7 and the related potential organization mechanism on the cell membrane, which will facilitate a better understanding of the relationship between the molecular assembly and its function, as well as the overall structure of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) & Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Limonta D, Jovel J, Kumar A, Lu J, Hou S, Airo AM, Lopez-Orozco J, Wong CP, Saito L, Branton W, Wong GKS, Mason A, Power C, Hobman TC. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Enhances Zika Virus Infection in Human Fetal Brain. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1377-1387. [PMID: 30799482 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause microcephaly and other neurological defects in developing fetuses. The cellular response to ZIKV in the fetal brain is not well understood. Here, we show that ZIKV infection of human fetal astrocytes (HFAs), the most abundant cell type in the brain, results in elevated expression and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). This cytokine was shown to enhance replication and spread of ZIKV in HFAs and human fetal brain explants. The proviral effect of FGF2 is likely mediated in part by suppression of the interferon response, which would represent a novel mechanism by which viruses antagonize host antiviral defenses. We posit that FGF2-enhanced virus replication in the fetal brain contributes to the neurodevelopmental disorders associated with in utero ZIKV infection. As such, targeting FGF2-dependent signaling should be explored further as a strategy to limit replication of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Limonta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Julia Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shangmei Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adriana M Airo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Cheung Pang Wong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Leina Saito
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - William Branton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,BGI Group, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andrew Mason
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christopher Power
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tom C Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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16
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Özçelik M, Ercelep Ö, Keser S, Özdemir Barışık N, Başar M, Odabaş H, Oyman A, Işık S, Özçelik S, Aliustaoğlu M. PTK-7 Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Prognostic Determinant. Balkan Med J 2020; 37:91-97. [PMID: 31820857 PMCID: PMC7094185 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.8.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine kinase-7, a regulatory protein in the Wnt signaling pathway, was highly overexpressed in various cancer types and assumed to be related to prognosis. Aims The purpose of this study is to assess whether protein tyrosine kinase-7 expression status in curatively resected gastric carcinoma would independently identify patients with a high risk of recurrence and death. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods We included patients who were at least 18 years of age and diagnosed with gastric cancer. The exclusion criterion was a metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis or operation. Data on clinicopathological prognostic determinants and clinical courses, including the date of disease relapse and survival status, were collected with the use of medical records. Surgically removed tumor tissue specimens were examined by two independent pathologists at the pathology department of our institution. Protein tyrosine kinase-7 expression status was assessed with immunohistochemical processing and stratified on a scale ranging from 0 to +3 according to the extent of stained tumor cells. It was then further categorized into two groups, one being + (positive), including +1, +2, and +3 scores, another was-(negative), including-and +/− scores. Results A total of 114 patients were analyzed. Protein tyrosine kinase-7 expression was present in 66.7% of the surgical tumor specimens. There was no statistically significant difference in almost all relevant parameters between the protein tyrosine kinase-7 positive and negative groups. The estimated median survival in the protein tyrosine kinase-7 positive group was significantly better than the protein tyrosine kinase-7 negative group (60 vs 22 months, p<0.001). Disease-free survival was found to be 55 months in the protein tyrosine kinase-7 positive group, whereas it was 21 months in the negative group (p=0.015). In the multivariate analysis, along with negative protein tyrosine kinase-7 expression, poor performance status, and advanced stage were significantly associated with the risk of death (p<0.001 for each). Conclusion Compared to patients with negative PTK-7 expression, patients with positive PTK-7 expression have better disease-free survival and overall survival rates. Efforts should be made to enhance this finding and translate it into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Özçelik
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Ercelep
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Keser
- Clinic of Pathology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Merve Başar
- Clinic of Pathology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Odabaş
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdilkerim Oyman
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selver Işık
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Özçelik
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aliustaoğlu
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Ritter RA, Ulrich CH, Brzezinska BN, Shah VV, Zamora MJ, Kelly LE, El-Hodiri HM, Sater AK. miR-199 plays both positive and negative regulatory roles in Xenopus eye development. Genesis 2020; 58:e23354. [PMID: 31909537 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To investigate microRNA (miR) functions in early eye development, we asked whether eye field transcription factors (EFTFs) are targets of miR-dependent regulation in Xenopus embryos. Argonaute (AGO) ribonucleoprotein complexes, including miRs and targeted mRNAs, were coimmunoprecipitated from transgenic embryos expressing myc-tagged AGO under the control of the rax1 promoter; mRNAs for all EFTFs coimmunoprecipitated with Ago in late neurulae. Computational predictions of miR binding sites within EFTF 3'UTRs identified miR-199a-3p ("miR-199") as a candidate regulator of EFTFs, and miR-199 was shown to regulate rax1 in vivo. Targeted overexpression of miR-199 led to small eyes, a reduction in EFTF expression, and reduced cell proliferation. Inhibition of interactions between mir-199 and the rax1 3'UTR reversed the small eye phenotype. Although targeted knockdown of miR-199 left the eye field intact, it reduced optic cup outgrowth and disrupted eye formation. Computational identification of candidate miR-199 targets within the Xenopus transcriptome led to the identification of ptk7 as a candidate regulator. Targeted overexpression of ptk7 resulted in abnormal optic cup formation and a reduction or loss of eye development, recapitulating the range of eye phenotypes seen following miR-199 knockdown. Our results indicate that miR-199 plays both positive and negative regulatory roles in eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Ritter
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Christina H Ulrich
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Bogna N Brzezinska
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vrutant V Shah
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa J Zamora
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Heithem M El-Hodiri
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy K Sater
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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18
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Skuplik I, Cobb J. Animal Models for Understanding Human Skeletal Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1236:157-188. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Wnt Signaling in Neural Crest Ontogenesis and Oncogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101173. [PMID: 31569501 PMCID: PMC6829301 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are a temporary population of multipotent stem cells that generate a diverse array of cell types, including craniofacial bone and cartilage, smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, and peripheral neurons and glia during embryonic development. Defective neural crest development can cause severe and common structural birth defects, such as craniofacial anomalies and congenital heart disease. In the early vertebrate embryos, NC cells emerge from the dorsal edge of the neural tube during neurulation and then migrate extensively throughout the anterior-posterior body axis to generate numerous derivatives. Wnt signaling plays essential roles in embryonic development and cancer. This review summarizes current understanding of Wnt signaling in NC cell induction, delamination, migration, multipotency, and fate determination, as well as in NC-derived cancers.
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20
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are a transient embryonic cell population that migrate collectively to various locations throughout the embryo to contribute a number of cell types to several organs. After induction, the neural crest delaminates and undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition before migrating through intricate yet characteristic paths. The neural crest exhibits a variety of migratory behaviors ranging from sheet-like mass migration in the cephalic regions to chain migration in the trunk. During their journey, neural crest cells rely on a range of signals both from their environment and within the migrating population for navigating through the embryo as a collective. Here we review these interactions and mechanisms, including chemotactic cues of neural crest cells' migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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21
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Lei Y, Kim S, Chen Z, Cao X, Zhu H, Yang W, Shaw GM, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Finnell RH. Variants identified in PTK7 associated with neural tube defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00584. [PMID: 30689296 PMCID: PMC6465732 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway genes have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of NTDs in both mouse models and in human cohorts. Mouse models indicate that the homogenous disruption of the Ptk7 gene, a PCP regulator, results in craniorachischisis; while embryos that are doubly heterozygous for Ptk7XST87 and Vangl2Lp mutations present with spina bifida. METHODS In this study, we initially sequenced exons of the human PTK7 gene in 192 spina bifida patients and 190 controls from a California population. A phase II validation study was performed in 343 Chinese NTD cohort. Functional assays including immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were used to study identified variants effect on PTK7 function. RESULTS We identified three rare (MAF <0.001) missense heterozygous PTK7 variants (NM_001270398.1:c.581C>T, p.Arg630Ser and p.Tyr725Phe) in the spina bifida patients. In our functional analyses, p.Arg630Ser affected PTK7 mutant protein stability and increased interaction with Dvl2, while the p.Thr186Met variant decreased PTK7 interactions with Dvl2. No novel predicted-to-be-damaging variant or function-disrupted PTK7 variant was identified among the control subjects. We subsequently re-sequenced the PTK7 CDS region in 343 NTDs from China to validate the association between PTK7 and NTDs. The frequency of PTK7 rare missense variants in the Chinese NTD samples is significantly higher than in gnomAD controls. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that rare missense variants in PTK7 contribute to the genetic risk of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Lei
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Present address:
Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030
| | - Sung‐Eun Kim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Present address:
Asuragen Inc.2150 Woodward St #100AustinTX78744
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and NutriomicsCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Nutritional SciencesDell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTexas
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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22
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The Increased PTK7 Expression Is a Malignant Factor in Cervical Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:5380197. [PMID: 30944666 PMCID: PMC6421733 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5380197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in gynecology. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) with an inactive kinase domain is an important regulator of multiple Wnt pathways under normal and various pathological conditions and overexpressed in various tumors; however, the clinical and biological significance of PTK7 in cervical cancer is still unknown. In the present study, the protein expression level of PTK7 was detected in clinical cervical cancer patient samples, and the relationship between PTK7 expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier method was performed to estimate the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients to investigate the clinicopathological significance of PTK7 expression. Functional assays demonstrated that knocking down PTK7 might inhibit the ability of cancer cells to proliferate and invade or migrate, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, PTK7 might serve as a potential target for cervical cancer.
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Poturnayová A, Buríková M, Bízik J, Hianik T. DNA Aptamers in the Detection of Leukemia Cells by the Thickness Shear Mode Acoustics Method. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:545-554. [PMID: 30552789 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By using the thickness shear mode acoustics method (TSM) and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) we studied the interactions between DNA aptamers (sgc8c) specific to the protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which is localized in the membranes of leukemia lymphoblastics (MOLT-4), and lymphocyte (Jurkat) cell lines, as well with PTK7-negative U266 myeloid leukemia cells. The TSM method allowed the development of a highly sensitive, label-free biosensor for the detection leukemia cells with a limit of detection of (195±20) cells/mL. SMFS approved the high selectivity of the sgc8c aptamers to the PTK7 receptors at the cell surface and allowed determining the binding probability of the aptamers to the PTK7 receptors at different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Poturnayová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Center of Biosciences SAS Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Buríková
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Bízik
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Ripp C, Loth J, Petrova I, Linnemannstöns K, Ulepic M, Fradkin L, Noordermeer J, Wodarz A. Drosophila Ror is a nervous system-specific co-receptor for Wnt ligands. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.033001. [PMID: 30341100 PMCID: PMC6262871 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt ligands are secreted glycoproteins that control many developmental processes and are crucial for homeostasis of numerous tissues in the adult organism. Signal transduction of Wnts involves the binding of Wnts to receptor complexes at the surface of target cells. These receptor complexes are commonly formed between a member of the Frizzled family of seven-pass transmembrane proteins and a co-receptor, which is usually a single-pass transmembrane protein. Among these co-receptors are several with structural homology to receptor tyrosine kinases, including Ror, PTK7, Ryk and MUSK. In vertebrates, Ror-2 and PTK7 are important regulators of planar cell polarity (PCP). By contrast, PCP phenotypes were not reported for mutations in off-track (otk) and off-track2 (otk2), encoding the Drosophila orthologs of PTK7. Here we show that Drosophila Ror is expressed in the nervous system and localizes to the plasma membrane of perikarya and neurites. A null allele of Ror is homozygous viable and fertile, does not display PCP phenotypes and interacts genetically with mutations in otk and otk2. We show that Ror binds specifically to Wingless (Wg), Wnt4 and Wnt5 and also to Frizzled2 (Fz2) and Otk. Our findings establish Drosophila Ror as a Wnt co-receptor expressed in the nervous system. Summary:Drosophila Ror is a Wnt co-receptor expressed in the nervous system. A Ror null mutant allele is viable and shows genetic interaction with mutations in off-track and off-track2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ripp
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Loth
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iveta Petrova
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Linnemannstöns
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Monique Ulepic
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Lee Fradkin
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 760, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jasprien Noordermeer
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany .,Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Cellular stress response in aging-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Karvonen H, Perttilä R, Niininen W, Barker H, Ungureanu D. Targeting Wnt signaling pseudokinases in hematological cancers. Eur J Haematol 2018; 101:457-465. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karvonen
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Robert Perttilä
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- BioMediTech Institute; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
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26
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TBC1d24-ephrinB2 interaction regulates contact inhibition of locomotion in neural crest cell migration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3491. [PMID: 30154457 PMCID: PMC6113226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Eph-ephrin signalling has been implicated in the migration of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, it is still unclear how ephrinB transduces signals regulating this event. We provide evidence that TBC1d24, a putative Rab35-GTPase activating protein (Rab35 GAP), complexes with ephrinB2 via the scaffold Dishevelled (Dsh) and mediates a signal affecting contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) in CNC cells. Moreover, we found that, in migrating CNC, the interaction between ephrinB2 and TBC1d24 negatively regulates E-cadherin recycling in these cells via Rab35. Upon engagement of the cognate Eph receptor, ephrinB2 is tyrosine phosphorylated, which disrupts the ephrinB2/Dsh/TBC1d24 complex. The dissolution of this complex leads to increasing E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane, resulting in loss of CIL and disrupted CNC migration. Our results indicate that TBC1d24 is a critical player in ephrinB2 control of CNC cell migration via CIL.
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27
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Biphasic regulation of tumorigenesis by PTK7 expression level in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8519. [PMID: 29867084 PMCID: PMC5986804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), also known as colon carcinoma kinase 4 (CCK-4), is a member of the catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase family and is upregulated in various cancers, where it is known to act as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor. To understand the contrasting roles of PTK7 in tumorigenesis, we analyzed the tumorigenic characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells with low levels of endogenous PTK7 expression (TE-5 and TE-14 cells) and high levels of expression (TE-6 and TE-10 cells) after transfections with a PTK7 expression vector. PTK7 overexpression increased the proliferation of TE-5 and TE-14 cells but decreased the proliferation of TE-6 and TE-10 cells. In the ESCC cells, proliferation, migration, and invasion were initially increased and then decreased according to PTK7 expression levels, which were mirrored by initial increases and then decreases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and phosphorylation of Src, Akt, and ERK. In ESCC patients included in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, those with higher PTK7 mRNA levels had a longer overall survival and lower relative risk than those with lower PTK7 mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that PTK7 biphasically regulates tumorigenesis in ESCC.
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28
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Chen S, Wang Y, Su Y, Zhang L, Zhang M, Li X, Wang J, Zhang X. miR‑205‑5p/PTK7 axis is involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6253-6260. [PMID: 29488611 PMCID: PMC5928600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‑coding RNAs, which are critical in a diverse range of biological processes, including development, differentiation, homeostasis, and in the formation of diseases by accelerating and/or inhibiting the translation of mRNAs. The present study aimed to examine the potential role of miRNA (miR)‑205‑5p in the developmental process of colorectal cancer (CRC) through protein‑tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7). Initially, TargetScan was used to predict the miRNA target sites in the sequence of the PTK7 3'‑untranslated region. It was then found that the mRNA expression level of miR‑205‑5p was lower in CRC cells, determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and there was a negative correlation between miR‑205‑5p and PTK7 in CRC tissues. It was also found that miR‑205‑5p regulated the gene transcription of PTK7, determined using a luciferase reporter assay. The results of RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses in human colorectal cancer revealed that miR‑205‑5p suppressed the expression of PTK7. Finally, it was revealed that miR‑205‑5p restricted the proliferation ability of CRC cells through inhibiting PTK7, which was determined using colony forming and 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. miR‑205‑5p accelerated cell apoptosis through inhibiting PTK7, demonstrated using Annexin V‑FITC/propidium iodide staining. The results of a Transwell assay indicated that miR‑205‑5p inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells through inhibiting PTK7. Therefore, miR‑205‑5p is involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC through inhibiting PTK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Su
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
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29
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Roy JP, Halford MM, Stacker SA. The biochemistry, signalling and disease relevance of RYK and other WNT-binding receptor tyrosine kinases. Growth Factors 2018; 36:15-40. [PMID: 29806777 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1472089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a well-characterized family of growth factor receptors that have central roles in human disease and are frequently therapeutically targeted. The RYK, ROR, PTK7 and MuSK subfamilies make up an understudied subset of WNT-binding RTKs. Numerous developmental, stem cell and pathological roles of WNTs, in particular WNT5A, involve signalling via these WNT receptors. The WNT-binding RTKs have highly context-dependent signalling outputs and stimulate the β-catenin-dependent, planar cell polarity and/or WNT/Ca2+ pathways. RYK, ROR and PTK7 members have a pseudokinase domain in their intracellular regions. Alternative signalling mechanisms, including proteolytic cleavage and protein scaffolding functions, have been identified for these receptors. This review explores the structure, signalling, physiological and pathological roles of RYK, with particular attention paid to cancer and the possibility of therapeutically targeting RYK. The other WNT-binding RTKs are compared with RYK throughout to highlight the similarities and differences within this subset of WNT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Roy
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Michael M Halford
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- b Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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30
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Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is best known for its role in polarizing epithelial cells within the plane of a tissue but it also plays a role in a range of cell migration events during development. The mechanism by which the PCP pathway polarizes stationary epithelial cells is well characterized, but how PCP signaling functions to regulate more dynamic cell behaviors during directed cell migration is much less understood. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the localization of PCP proteins in migrating cells and their impact on the cell biology of collective and individual cell migratory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal F Davey
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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31
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The secret life of kinases: insights into non-catalytic signalling functions from pseudokinases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:665-681. [PMID: 28620028 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the mechanisms by which pseudokinases, which comprise ∼10% of the human and mouse kinomes, mediate signal transduction has advanced rapidly with increasing structural, biochemical, cellular and genetic studies. Pseudokinases are the catalytically defective counterparts of conventional, active protein kinases and have been attributed functions as protein interaction domains acting variously as allosteric modulators of conventional protein kinases and other enzymes, as regulators of protein trafficking or localisation, as hubs to nucleate assembly of signalling complexes, and as transmembrane effectors of such functions. Here, by categorising mammalian pseudokinases based on their known functions, we illustrate the mechanistic diversity among these proteins, which can be viewed as a window into understanding the non-catalytic functions that can be exerted by conventional protein kinases.
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32
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Berger H, Breuer M, Peradziryi H, Podleschny M, Jacob R, Borchers A. PTK7 localization and protein stability is affected by canonical Wnt ligands. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1890-1903. [PMID: 28420671 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptor with important roles in embryonic development and disease. Originally identified as a gene upregulated in colon cancer, it was later shown to regulate planar cell polarity (PCP) and directional cell movement. PTK7 is a Wnt co-receptor; however, its role in Wnt signaling remains controversial. Here, we find evidence that places PTK7 at the intersection of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. In presence of canonical Wnt ligands PTK7 is subject to caveolin-mediated endocytosis, while it is unaffected by non-canonical Wnt ligands. PTK7 endocytosis is dependent on the presence of the PTK7 co-receptor Fz7 (also known as Fzd7) and results in lysosomal degradation of PTK7. As we previously observed that PTK7 activates non-canonical PCP Wnt signaling but inhibits canonical Wnt signaling, our data suggest a mutual inhibition of canonical and PTK7 Wnt signaling. PTK7 likely suppresses canonical Wnt signaling by binding canonical Wnt ligands thereby preventing their interaction with Wnt receptors that would otherwise support canonical Wnt signaling. Conversely, if canonical Wnt proteins interact with the PTK7 receptor, they induce its internalization and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berger
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Marlen Breuer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Hanna Peradziryi
- Institute for Clinical Research, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Martina Podleschny
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany .,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
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33
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Berger H, Wodarz A, Borchers A. PTK7 Faces the Wnt in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:31. [PMID: 28424771 PMCID: PMC5380734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase 7) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptor regulating various processes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. On a cellular level PTK7 affects the establishment of cell polarity, the regulation of cell movement and migration as well as cell invasion. The PTK7 receptor has been shown to interact with ligands, co-receptors, and intracellular transducers of Wnt signaling pathways, pointing to a function in the fine-tuning of the Wnt signaling network. Here we will review recent findings implicating PTK7 at the crossroads of Wnt signaling pathways in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Berger
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Department of Anatomy I, Molecular Cell Biology, University of CologneCologne, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg, Germany
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Abstract
ROR-family receptor tyrosine kinases form a small subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), characterized by a conserved, unique domain architecture. ROR RTKs are evolutionary conserved throughout the animal kingdom and act as alternative receptors and coreceptors of WNT ligands. The intracellular signaling cascades activated downstream of ROR receptors are diverse, including but not limited to ROR-Frizzled-mediated activation of planar cell polarity signaling, RTK-like signaling, and antagonistic regulation of WNT/β-Catenin signaling. In line with their diverse repertoire of signaling functions, ROR receptors are involved in the regulation of multiple processes in embryonic development such as development of the axial and paraxial mesoderm, the nervous system and the neural crest, the axial and appendicular skeleton, and the kidney. In humans, mutations in the ROR2 gene cause two distinct developmental syndromes, recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) and dominant brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1; MIM 113000). In Robinow syndrome patients and animal models, the development of multiple organs is affected, whereas BDB1 results only in shortening of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes, reflecting the diversity of functions and signaling activities of ROR-family RTKs. In this chapter, we give an overview on ROR receptor structure and function. We discuss their signaling functions and role in vertebrate embryonic development with a focus on those developmental processes that are affected by mutations in the ROR2 gene in human patients.
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35
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Ma DL, Wang M, Liu C, Miao X, Kang TS, Leung CH. Metal complexes for the detection of disease-related protein biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Schille C, Bayerlová M, Bleckmann A, Schambony A. Ror2 signaling is required for local upregulation of GDF6 and activation of BMP signaling at the neural plate border. Development 2016; 143:3182-94. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.135426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is a major Wnt receptor that activates β-catenin-independent signaling and plays a conserved role in the regulation of convergent extension movements and planar cell polarity in vertebrates. Mutations in the ROR2 gene cause recessive Robinow syndrome in humans, a short-limbed dwarfism associated with craniofacial malformations. Here, we show that Ror2 is required for local upregulation of gdf6 at the neural plate border in Xenopus embryos. Ror2 morphant embryos fail to upregulate neural plate border genes and show defects in the induction of neural crest cell fate. These embryos lack the spatially restricted activation of BMP signaling at the neural plate border at early neurula stages, which is required for neural crest induction. Ror2-dependent planar cell polarity signaling is required in the dorsolateral marginal zone during gastrulation indirectly to upregulate the BMP ligand Gdf6 at the neural plate border and Gdf6 is sufficient to rescue neural plate border specification in Ror2 morphant embryos. Thereby, Ror2 links Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling to BMP signaling in neural plate border specification and neural crest induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schille
- Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Michaela Bayerlová
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37073, Germany
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37099, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Biology Department, Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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37
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Dunn NR, Tolwinski NS. Ptk7 and Mcc, Unfancied Components in Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070068. [PMID: 27438854 PMCID: PMC4963810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human development uses a remarkably small number of signal transduction pathways to organize vastly complicated tissues. These pathways are commonly associated with disease in adults if activated inappropriately. One such signaling pathway, Wnt, solves the too few pathways conundrum by having many alternate pathways within the Wnt network. The main or "canonical" Wnt pathway has been studied in great detail, and among its numerous downstream components, several have been identified as drug targets that have led to cancer treatments currently in clinical trials. In contrast, the non-canonical Wnt pathways are less well characterized, and few if any possible drug targets exist to tackle cancers caused by dysregulation of these Wnt offshoots. In this review, we focus on two molecules-Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (Ptk7) and Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (Mcc)-that do not fit perfectly into the non-canonical pathways described to date and whose roles in cancer are ill defined. We will summarize work from our laboratories as well as many others revealing unexpected links between these two proteins and Wnt signaling both in cancer progression and during vertebrate and invertebrate embryonic development. We propose that future studies focused on delineating the signaling machinery downstream of Ptk7 and Mcc will provide new, hitherto unanticipated drug targets to combat cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norris Ray Dunn
- Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas S Tolwinski
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138610, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Translational Medicine, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Level 10 South, 10-02M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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Lhoumeau AC, Arcangeli ML, De Grandis M, Giordano M, Orsoni JC, Lembo F, Bardin F, Marchetto S, Aurrand-Lions M, Borg JP. Ptk7-Deficient Mice Have Decreased Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pools as a Result of Deregulated Proliferation and Migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4367-77. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mayor R, Etienne-Manneville S. The front and rear of collective cell migration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:97-109. [PMID: 26726037 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration has a key role during morphogenesis and during wound healing and tissue renewal in the adult, and it is involved in cancer spreading. In addition to displaying a coordinated migratory behaviour, collectively migrating cells move more efficiently than if they migrated separately, which indicates that a cellular interplay occurs during collective cell migration. In recent years, evidence has accumulated confirming the importance of such intercellular communication and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved. These mechanisms are based both on direct physical interactions, which coordinate the cellular responses, and on the collective cell behaviour that generates an optimal environment for efficient directed migration. The recent studies have described how leader cells at the front of cell groups drive migration and have highlighted the importance of follower cells and cell-cell communication, both between followers and between follower and leader cells, to improve the efficiency of collective movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3691, Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Podleschny M, Grund A, Berger H, Rollwitz E, Borchers A. A PTK7/Ror2 Co-Receptor Complex Affects Xenopus Neural Crest Migration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145169. [PMID: 26680417 PMCID: PMC4683079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells are a highly migratory pluripotent cell population that generates a wide array of different cell types and failure in their migration can result in severe birth defects and malformation syndromes. Neural crest migration is controlled by various means including chemotaxis, repellent guidance cues and cell-cell interaction. Non-canonical Wnt PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling has previously been shown to control cell-contact mediated neural crest cell guidance. PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase 7) is a transmembrane pseudokinase and a known regulator of Wnt/PCP signaling, which is expressed in Xenopus neural crest cells and required for their migration. PTK7 functions as a Wnt co-receptor; however, it remains unclear by which means PTK7 affects neural crest migration. Expressing fluorescently labeled proteins in Xenopus neural crest cells we find that PTK7 co-localizes with the Ror2 Wnt-receptor. Further, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that PTK7 interacts with Ror2. The PTK7/Ror2 interaction is likely relevant for neural crest migration, because Ror2 expression can rescue the PTK7 loss of function migration defect. Live cell imaging of explanted neural crest cells shows that PTK7 loss of function affects the formation of cell protrusions as well as cell motility. Co-expression of Ror2 can rescue these defects. In vivo analysis demonstrates that a kinase dead Ror2 mutant cannot rescue PTK7 loss of function. Thus, our data suggest that Ror2 can substitute for PTK7 and that the signaling function of its kinase domain is required for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Podleschny
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anita Grund
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Berger
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Erik Rollwitz
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Faculty of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Martinez S, Scerbo P, Giordano M, Daulat AM, Lhoumeau AC, Thomé V, Kodjabachian L, Borg JP. The PTK7 and ROR2 Protein Receptors Interact in the Vertebrate WNT/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30562-72. [PMID: 26499793 PMCID: PMC4683276 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-canonical WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) pathway plays important roles in morphogenetic processes in vertebrates. Among WNT/PCP components, protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a tyrosine kinase receptor with poorly defined functions lacking catalytic activity. Here we show that PTK7 associates with receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) to form a heterodimeric complex in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that PTK7 and ROR2 physically and functionally interact with the non-canonical WNT5A ligand, leading to JNK activation and cell movements. In the Xenopus embryo, Ptk7 functionally interacts with Ror2 to regulate protocadherin papc expression and morphogenesis. Furthermore, we show that Ptk7 is required for papc activation induced by Wnt5a. Interestingly, we find that Wnt5a stimulates the release of the tagged Ptk7 intracellular domain, which can translocate into the nucleus and activate papc expression. This study reveals novel molecular mechanisms of action of PTK7 in non-canonical WNT/PCP signaling that may promote cell and tissue movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Martinez
- From the CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", INSERM, U1068, 13009 Marseille, France, the Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France, the Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France, the CNRS, UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France, and
| | - Pierluigi Scerbo
- the Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marilyn Giordano
- From the CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", INSERM, U1068, 13009 Marseille, France, the Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France, the Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France, the CNRS, UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France, and
| | - Avais M Daulat
- From the CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", INSERM, U1068, 13009 Marseille, France, the Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France, the Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France, the CNRS, UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France, and
| | - Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau
- From the CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", INSERM, U1068, 13009 Marseille, France, the Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France, the Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France, the CNRS, UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France, and
| | - Virginie Thomé
- the Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kodjabachian
- the Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- From the CRCM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling, and Cancer "Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", INSERM, U1068, 13009 Marseille, France, the Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France, the Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France, the CNRS, UMR7258, 13009 Marseille, France, and
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Wang M, De Marco P, Merello E, Drapeau P, Capra V, Kibar Z. Role of the planar cell polarity gene Protein tyrosine kinase 7 in neural tube defects in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:1021-7. [PMID: 26368655 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital defects affecting approximately 1 in 1000 live births in North America. Their etiology is complex including environmental and genetic factors. Defects in the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway have been strongly associated with NTDs in animal models and human cohorts. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (Ptk7) was shown to cause a very severe form of NTDs called craniorachischisis in a mouse model and genetically interacts with a core PCP member Vangl2 where double heterozygotes suffer from spina bifida. In this study, we examined the role of PTK7 in human NTDs to determine whether variants at this gene predispose to these defects. METHODS We sequenced the coding region and the exon-intron junctions of PTK7 in a cohort of 473 patients affected with various forms of open and closed NTDs. Novel and rare variants(<1%) were genotyped in a cohort of 473 individuals. Their pathogenic effect was predicted in silico and functionally in an overexpression assay in a well-established zebrafish model. RESULTS We identified in our cohort 6 rare variants, 3 of which were absent in public databases. One variant, p.Gly348Ser, acted as a hypermorph when overexpressed in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSION We detected potentially pathogenic PTK7 variants in 1.1% of our NTD cohort. Our findings implicate PTK7 as a risk factor for NTDs and provide additional evidence for a pathogenic role of PCP signaling in these malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Wang
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Pierre Drapeau
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,CHUM Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Zoha Kibar
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Vitorino M, Silva AC, Inácio JM, Ramalho JS, Gur M, Fainsod A, Steinbeisser H, Belo JA. Xenopus Pkdcc1 and Pkdcc2 Are Two New Tyrosine Kinases Involved in the Regulation of JNK Dependent Wnt/PCP Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135504. [PMID: 26270962 PMCID: PMC4536202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase Domain Containing, Cytoplasmic (PKDCC) is a protein kinase which has been implicated in longitudinal bone growth through regulation of chondrocytes formation. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Here, we identified two new members of the PKDCC family, Pkdcc1 and Pkdcc2 from Xenopus laevis. Interestingly, our knockdown experiments revealed that these two proteins are both involved on blastopore and neural tube closure during gastrula and neurula stages, respectively. In vertebrates, tissue polarity and cell movement observed during gastrulation and neural tube closure are controlled by Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) molecular pathway. Our results showed that Pkdcc1 and Pkdcc2 promote the recruitment of Dvl to the plasma membrane. But surprisingly, they revealed different roles in the induction of a luciferase reporter under the control of Atf2 promoter. While Pkdcc1 induces Atf2 expression, Pkdcc2 does not, and furthermore inhibits its normal induction by Wnt11 and Wnt5a. Altogether our data show, for the first time, that members of the PKDCC family are involved in the regulation of JNK dependent Wnt/PCP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vitorino
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Silva
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Inácio
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Silva Ramalho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michal Gur
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham Fainsod
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | | | - José António Belo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Lin S, Gao W, Tian Z, Yang C, Lu L, Mergny JL, Leung CH, Ma DL. Luminescence switch-on detection of protein tyrosine kinase-7 using a G-quadruplex-selective probe. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4284-4290. [PMID: 29218197 PMCID: PMC5707507 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of luminescent iridium(iii) complexes were synthesised and evaluated for their ability to act as luminescent G-quadruplex-selective probes. The iridium(iii) complex 9 [Ir(pbi)2(5,5-dmbpy)]PF6 (where pbi = 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole; 5,5-dmbpy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) exhibited high luminescence for G-quadruplex DNA compared to dsDNA and ssDNA, and was employed to construct a G-quadruplex-based assay for protein tyrosine kinase-7 (PTK7) in aqueous solution. PTK7 is an important biomarker for a range of leukemias and solid tumors. In the presence of PTK7, the specific binding of the sgc8 aptamer sequence triggers a structural transition and releases the G-quadruplex-forming sequence. The formation of the nascent G-quadruplex structure is then detected by the G-quadruplex-selective iridium(iii) complex with an enhanced luminescent response. Moreover, the application of the assay for detecting PTK7 in cellular debris and membrane protein extract was demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first G-quadruplex-based assay for PTK7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Zeru Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- University of Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , Bordeaux , France .
- INSERM , U869 , IECB , Pessac , France
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
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Chauhan SK, Lee HK, Lee HS, Park EY, Jeong E, Dana R. PTK7+ Mononuclear Cells Express VEGFR2 and Contribute to Vascular Stabilization by Upregulating Angiopoietin-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1606-15. [PMID: 25997931 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In angiogenesis, circulating mononuclear cells are recruited to vascular lesions; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we characterize the functional role of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)-expressing CD11b(+) mononuclear cells in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of angiogenesis. Although the frequencies of PTK7(+)CD11b(+) cells in the bone marrow remained similar after vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced neovascularization, we observed an 11-fold increase in the cornea. Importantly, vascular endothelial growth factor-A-induced chemotaxis of PTK7(+) cells was mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. In a coculture with endothelial cells, PTK7(+)CD11b(+) cells stabilized the vascular network for 2 weeks by expressing high levels of angiopoietin-1. The enhanced vascular stability was abolished by knockdown of angiopoietin-1 in PTK7(+)CD11b(+) cells and could be restored by angiopoietin-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PTK7 expression in perivascular mononuclear cells induces vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and angiopoietin-1 expression and thus contributes to vascular stabilization in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Chauhan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.)
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.).
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.)
| | - Eun Young Park
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.)
| | - Eunae Jeong
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.)
| | - Reza Dana
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.K.C., H.K.L., H.S.L., E.Y.P., R.D.); Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K.L., E.J.); and Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea (H.S.L.).
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Lhoumeau AC, Martinez S, Boher JM, Monges G, Castellano R, Goubard A, Doremus M, Poizat F, Lelong B, de Chaisemartin C, Bardin F, Viens P, Raoul JL, Prebet T, Aurrand-Lions M, Borg JP, Gonçalves A. Overexpression of the Promigratory and Prometastatic PTK7 Receptor Is Associated with an Adverse Clinical Outcome in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123768. [PMID: 25962058 PMCID: PMC4427440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed in colorectal cancer (CRC). The pseudo tyrosine kinase receptor 7 (PTK7) is involved in planar cell polarity and it is deregulated in various malignancies, including CRC. Yet, little is known about its protein expression in human CRC, or about a possible correlation of its expression with clinical endpoints. Using a clinically annotated Tissue MicroArray (TMA) produced from from 192 consecutive CRC patients treated by initial surgery, we examined PTK7 expression by immunohistochemistry in tumoral tissue and matched normal mucosae, and correlated its expression with clinico-pathological features and patient outcome. PTK7 depletion by specific shRNA in HCT116 and HCT15 CRC cell lines was found to affect cell proliferation, resistance to drugs and cell migration. Tumor growth and metastatic phenotype were investigated in vivo using a xenograft mouse model of CRC cells with modulated expression of PTK7 levels. PTK7 was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissue as compared to matched healthy mucosae, and significant overexpression was found in 34% of patients. PTK7 overexpression was significantly associated with a reduced metastasis-free survival in non-metastatic patients. In HCT116 and HCT15 cells, shRNA PTK7 reduced migration but did not affect cell proliferation and resistance to drugs. In a xenograft mouse of HCT15 cells, downregulation of PTK7 led to reduced tumor growth, whereas its overexpression in PTK7-negative cancer cells led to increased metastatic events. PTK7 expression thus represents a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Martinez
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Boher
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Geneviève Monges
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Doremus
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Flora Poizat
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Lelong
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile de Chaisemartin
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bardin
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Raoul
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Prebet
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Protein tyrosine kinase 7: a hepatocellular carcinoma-related gene detected by triple-combination array. J Surg Res 2015; 195:444-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) or tissue polarity refers to the polarization of tissues perpendicular to the apical-basal axis. Most epithelia, including the vertebrate kidney, show signs of planar polarity. In the kidney, defects in planar polarity are attributed to several disease states including multiple forms of cystic kidney disease. Indeed, planar cell polarity has been shown to be essential for several cellular processes that appear to be necessary for establishing and maintaining tubule diameter. However, uncovering the genetic mechanisms underlying PCP in the kidney has been complicated as the roles of many of the main players are not conserved in flies and vice versa. Here, we review a number of cellular and molecular processes that can affect PCP of the kidney with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms that do not appear to be conserved in flies or that are not part of canonical determinants.
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Liu Q, Zhang C, Yuan J, Fu J, Wu M, Su J, Wang X, Yuan X, Jiang W. PTK7 regulates Id1 expression in CD44-high glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:505-15. [PMID: 25204555 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 is a molecular marker associated with molecular subtype and treatment resistance in glioma. More effective therapies will result from approaches aimed at targeting the CD44-high gliomas. METHODS Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) mRNA expression was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma dataset. PTK7 expression was depleted through lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling was used to evaluate cell apoptosis following PTK7 knockdown. Gene expression analysis was performed on Affymetrix microarray. A nude mice orthotopic tumor model was used to evaluate the in vivo effect of PTK7 depletion. RESULTS PTK7 is highly expressed in CD44-high glioblastoma and predicts unfavorable prognosis. PTK7 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation, impaired tumorigenic potential, and induced apoptosis in CD44-high glioma cell lines. Gene expression analysis identified inhibitor of DNA Binding 1 (Id1) gene as a potential downstream effector for PTK7. Overexpression of Id1 mostly restored the cell proliferation and colony formation attenuated by PTK7 depletion. PTK7 enhanced anchorage-independent growth in normal human astrocytes, which was attenuated by Id1 knockdown. Furthermore, PTK7 regulated Id1 expression through modulating TGF-β/Smad signaling, while pharmacological inhibition on TGF-β/Smad signaling or PTK7/Id1 depletion attenuated TGF-β-stimulated cell proliferation. PTK7 depletion consistently reduced Id1 expression, suppressed tumor growth, and induced apoptosis in a murine orthotopic tumor model, which could be translated into prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS PTK7 regulates Id1 expression in CD44-high glioma cell lines. Targeting PTK7 could be an effective strategy for treating glioma with high CD44 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Xianrui Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University, Hunan, China (Q.L, C.Z., J.Y., J.F., J.S., X.W., X.Y., W.J.); The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan, China (Q.L., J.Y., J.F., X.Y., W.J.); Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Hunan, China (M.W.)
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ptk7 mutant zebrafish models of congenital and idiopathic scoliosis implicate dysregulated Wnt signalling in disease. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4777. [PMID: 25182715 PMCID: PMC4155517 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder of the musculoskeletal system, characterized by three-dimensional rotation of the spine. Curvatures caused by malformed vertebrae (congenital scoliosis (CS)) are apparent at birth. Spinal curvatures with no underlying vertebral abnormality (idiopathic scoliosis (IS)) most commonly manifest during adolescence. The genetic and biological mechanisms responsible for IS remain poorly understood due largely to limited experimental models. Here we describe zygotic ptk7 (Zptk7) mutant zebrafish, deficient in a critical regulator of Wnt signalling, as the first genetically defined developmental model of IS. We identify a novel sequence variant within a single IS patient that disrupts PTK7 function, consistent with a role for dysregulated Wnt activity in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that embryonic loss-of-gene function in maternal-zygotic ptk7 mutants (MZptk7) leads to vertebral anomalies associated with CS. Our data suggest novel molecular origins of, and genetic links between, congenital and idiopathic forms of disease. Scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by spinal curvature. Here, the authors present experimental zebrafish models of idiopathic and congenital scoliosis and suggest a role for dysregulated Wnt activity in scoliosis aetiology.
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