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Reis CLB, Barbosa MCF, de Lima DC, Madalena IR, Baratto-Filho F, Proff P, de Oliveira DSB, Paddenberg E, Küchler EC, Kirschneck C. Study of Dental Caries and PTH Gene. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.703549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in odontogenesis-related cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding PTH, and dental caries in Brazilian children. Three hundred and fifty-three children (170 boys and 183 girls, age ranging from 8 to 11 years old) were included in this study. The International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions (ICDAS) was used for diagnosis of dental caries. Visible biofilm was also evaluated during the clinical examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva for real-time PCR to evaluate the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6256, rs307247 and rs694 in PTH gene. Dental caries was classified in ICDAS0 vs. ICDAS1−6 or ICDAS1−2 vs. ICDAS3−6. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression adjusted by biofilm and haplotype analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Biofilm was associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). There were no associations between dental caries and rs6256, rs307247, rs694 in none of the analyses performed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study supports that the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6256, rs307247, and rs694 in the PTH-encoding gene are not associated with dental caries in Brazilian children.
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Wu H, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Hou J. PTH1-34 promotes osteoblast formation through Beclin1-dependent autophagic activation. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:572-582. [PMID: 33818629 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PTH1-34 can stimulate osteoblast formation, which contributes to the improvement of bone loss. PTH1-34 can activate autophagy, and autophagy plays a key role in osteoblast formation. This study aimed to explore the role of autophagy in PTH1-34-regulated osteoblastogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the mice treated with ovariectomy (OVX mice) were used to observe the effect of PTH1-34 on the formation and autophagy of osteoblasts in trabecular bone in vivo. Osteoblast precursor cell line MC3T3-E1 was treated with PTH1-34, and then the autophagic parameters of osteoblast precursors (including autophagic proteins and autophagosome formation) were detected using Western Blotting and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Next, after using autophagic pharmacological inhibitor (3-MA) and silencing vectors of autophagic molecule Beclin1 to downregulate autophagic activity, the parameters related to osteogenesis (including ALP staining intensity, ALP activity, cell proliferation and osteoblastic protein expression) were evaluated using corresponding assays. RESULTS In vivo results showed that PTH1-34 not only improved bone loss caused by OVX but also restored Beclin1 expression and autophagic activity of immature osteoblasts in bone tissues. In vitro assays also showed that treatment of PTH1-34 enhanced the autophagy in osteoblast precursors. Moreover, under PTH1-34 intervention, the upregulated osteogenic parameters were reversed by autophagic inhibition with 3-MA. Of note, Beclin1 silencing can recover the osteogenic activity enhanced by PTH1-34. CONCLUSION PTH1-34 can enhance the autophagic activity of osteoblast precursors, which is involved in PTH1-34-regulated osteoblast formation. Furthermore, Beclin1, as a key autophagic regulator, plays a pivotal role in PTH1-34-regulated osteoblast precursor autophagy and osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, No.134 Dong Jie Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yongxuan Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Endocrine, Sanming First Hospital, The Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Hou
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, No.134 Dong Jie Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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Jiang H, Niu F, Zheng Y, Xu Y. CART mitigates oxidative stress and DNA damage in memory deficits of APP/PS1 mice via upregulating β‑amyloid metabolism‑associated enzymes. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:280. [PMID: 33604684 PMCID: PMC7905330 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is primarily characterized by progressive cognitive deficits. The toxicity of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) serves an important role in the progression of AD, resulting in neuronal loss via a number of possible mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy depletion, apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Previous studies have reported that cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) treatment improves memory and synaptic structure in APP/PS1 mice. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether CART served a protective role against memory deficits in AD. APP/PS1 mice were treated with CART or PBS. Spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. Oxidative stress and DNA damage were compared among wild-type, APP/PS1 and CART-treated APP/PS1 mice. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Aβ metabolism-associated enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), in the hippocampus were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. CART improved the memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting DNA damage and protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. CART also reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress in Aβ1-42-exposed primary cortical neurons in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, CART promoted Aβ degradation via modulating Aβ metabolism-associated enzymes, including IDE, NEP, LRP-1 and RAGE. Collectively, the present study indicated that CART improved the learning and memory capacity of APP/PS mice, thus may have potential to serve as a novel therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Fengnan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Departnment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Tao Y, Lin D, An S. Identification of a Calcium-sensing Receptor in Human Dental Pulp Cells That Regulates Mineral Trioxide Aggregate–induced Mineralization. J Endod 2019; 45:907-916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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An S. The emerging role of extracellular Ca
2+
in osteo/odontogenic differentiation and the involvement of intracellular Ca
2+
signaling: From osteoblastic cells to dental pulp cells and odontoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2169-2193. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and EndodonticsGuanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of StomatologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou China
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Guo S, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Wang D, Weng Y, Chen Q, Ma J, Li YP, Wang L. GATA4 as a novel regulator involved in the development of the neural crest and craniofacial skeleton via Barx1. Cell Death Differ 2018. [PMID: 29523871 PMCID: PMC6219484 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) in neural crest cells (NCCs) is poorly defined. Here we showed that mouse NCCs lacking GATA4 exhibited developmental defects in craniofacial bone, teeth, and heart. The defects likely occurred due to decreased cell proliferation at the developmental stage. The in vitro results were consistent with the mouse model. The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation assay revealed that BARX1 is one of the differentially expressed proteins after GATA4 knockdown in NCCs. On the basis of the results of dual-luciferase, electro-mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, Barx1 expression is directly regulated by GATA4 in NCCs. In zebrafish, gata4 knockdown affects the development of NCCs derivatives. However, the phenotype in zebrafish could be partly rescued by co-injection of gata4 morpholino oligomers and barx1 mRNA. This study identified new downstream targets of GATA4 in NCCs and uncovered additional evidence of the complex regulatory functions of GATA4 in NCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yajuan Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SHEL 810, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294-2182, USA.
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Mechanical constraint from growing jaw facilitates mammalian dental diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9403-9408. [PMID: 28808032 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707410114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the basic information about individual organ development comes from studies using model species. Whereas conservation of gene regulatory networks across higher taxa supports generalizations made from a limited number of species, generality of mechanistic inferences remains to be tested in tissue culture systems. Here, using mammalian tooth explants cultured in isolation, we investigate self-regulation of patterning by comparing developing molars of the mouse, the model species of mammalian research, and the bank vole. A distinct patterning difference between the vole and the mouse molars is the alternate cusp offset present in the vole. Analyses of both species using 3D reconstructions of developing molars and jaws, computational modeling of cusp patterning, and tooth explants cultured with small braces show that correct cusp offset requires constraints on the lateral expansion of the developing tooth. Vole molars cultured without the braces lose their cusp offset, and mouse molars cultured with the braces develop a cusp offset. Our results suggest that cusp offset, which changes frequently in mammalian evolution, is more dependent on the 3D support of the developing jaw than other aspects of tooth shape. This jaw-tooth integration of a specific aspect of the tooth phenotype indicates that organs may outsource specific aspects of their morphology to be regulated by adjacent body parts or organs. Comparative studies of morphologically different species are needed to infer the principles of organogenesis.
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Atypical skeletal manifestations of rickets in a familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia patient. Bone Res 2017; 5:17001. [PMID: 28690912 PMCID: PMC5486235 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is caused by inactivating mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene. The loss of function of CaSR presents with rickets as the predominant skeletal abnormality in mice, but is rarely reported in humans. Here we report a case of a 16-year-old boy with FHH who presented with skeletal manifestations of rickets. To identify the possible pathogenic mutation, the patient was evaluated clinically, biochemically, and radiographically. The patient and his family members were screened for genetic mutations. Physical examination revealed a pigeon breast deformity and X-ray examinations showed epiphyseal broadening, both of which indicate rickets. Biochemical tests also showed increased parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and elevated ionized calcium. Based on these results, a diagnosis of FHH was suspected. Sequence analysis of the patient’s CaSR gene revealed a new missense mutation (c.2279T>A) in exon 7, leading to the damaging amino change (p.I760N) in the mature CaSR protein, confirming the diagnosis of FHH. Moreover, the skeletal abnormities may be related to but not limited to vitamin D abnormity. Elevated PTH levels and a rapid skeletal growth period in adolescence may have also contributed. Our study revealed that rickets-like features have a tendency to present atypically in FHH patients who have a mild vitamin D deficiency, and that CaSR mutations may have a partial role in the pathogenesis of skeletal deformities.
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Kim JM, Choi S, Kwack KH, Kim SY, Lee HW, Park K. G protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor is a crucial mediator of MTA-induced biological activities. Biomaterials 2017; 127:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Wang Y, Fang X, Wang C, Ding C, Lin H, Liu A, Wang L, Cao Y. Exogenous PTHrP Repairs the Damaged Fracture Healing of PTHrP+/- Mice and Accelerates Fracture Healing of Wild Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020337. [PMID: 28178186 PMCID: PMC5343872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture healing is a complicated physiological regenerative process initiated in response to injury and is similar to bone development. To demonstrate whether an exogenous supply of parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) helps in bone fracture healing, closed mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were created and stabilized with intramedullary pins in eight-week-old wild-type (WT) PTHrP+/+ and PTHrP+/− mice. After administering PTHrP for two weeks, callus tissue properties were analyzed at one, two, and four weeks post-fracture (PF) by various methods. Bone formation–related genes and protein expression levels were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and Western blots. At two weeks PF, mineral density of callus, bony callus areas, mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), and protein levels of Runx-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased in PTHrP+/− mice compared with WT mice. At four weeks PF, total collagen-positive bony callus areas, osteoblast number, ALP-positive areas, and type I collagen-positive areas all decreased in PTHrP+/− mice. At both two and four weeks PF, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclast number and surface decreased a little in PTHrP+/− mice. The study indicates that exogenous PTHrP provided by subcutaneous injection could redress impaired bone fracture healing, leading to mutation of activated PTHrP by influencing callus areas, endochondral bone formation, osteoblastic bone formation, and bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Congzhu Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Anlong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden.
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11
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Zhou Z, Yin Y, Jiang F, Niu Y, Wan S, Chen N, Shen M. CBX7 deficiency plays a positive role in dentin and alveolar bone development. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:401-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Sun W, Wu J, Huang L, Liu H, Wang R, Karaplis A, Goltzman D, Miao D. PTHrP Nuclear Localization and Carboxyl Terminus Sequences Modulate Dental and Mandibular Development in Part via the Action of p27. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1372-84. [PMID: 26859332 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the action of the PTHrP nuclear localization sequence and C terminus is mediated through p27 in modulating dental and mandibular development, compound mutant mice, which are homozygous for both p27 deletion and the PTHrP1-84 knock-in mutation (p27(-/-)Pthrp(KI/KI)), were generated. Their teeth and mandibular phenotypes were compared with those of p27(-/-), Pthrp(KI/KI), and wild-type mice. At 2 weeks of age, the mandibular mineral density, alveolar bone volume, osteoblast numbers, and dental volume, dentin sialoprotein-immunopositive areas in the first molar were increased significantly in p27(-/-) mice and decreased dramatically in both Pthrp(KI/KI) and p27(-/-) Pthrp(KI/KI) mice compared with wild-type mice; however, these parameters were partly rescued in p27(-/-) Pthrp(KI/KI) mice compared with Pthrp(KI/KI) mice. These data demonstrate that the deletion of p27 in Pthrp(KI/KI) mice can partially rescue defects in dental and mandibular development. Furthermore, we found that deletion of p27 in Pthrp(KI/KI) mice partially corrected the dental and mandibular phenotype by modulating cell cyclin-regulating molecules and antioxidant enzymes. This study therefore indicates that the p27 pathway may function downstream in the action of PTHrP nuclear localization sequence to regulate dental and mandibular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Linying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Andrew Karaplis
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - David Goltzman
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (W.S., J.W., L.H., H.L., R.W., D.M.), The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (A.K.), Jewish General Hospital, and Calcium Research Laboratory (D.G.), McGill University Health Centre and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1
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Liu A, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Shi H, Qiu Y. Exogenous Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Promotes Fracture Healing in Lepr(-/-) Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:581-91. [PMID: 26314884 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis continues to surge worldwide, increasing the risk of fracture. We have previously demonstrated that haploinsufficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) impairs fracture healing. However, whether an exogenous supply of PTHrP can repair bone damage and accelerate fracture healing remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PTHrP in healing fractures. Standardized mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were generated in 12-week-old wild-type and leptin receptor null Lepr(-/-) mice. After administration of PTHrP for 2 weeks, callus tissue properties were analyzed by radiography, micro-computed tomography, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology techniques. At 2 weeks post-fracture, cartilaginous callus areas were reduced, while total callus and bony callus areas were increased in PTHrP-treated Lepr(-/-) animals and control wild-type mice, compared with vehicle-treated Lepr(-/-) mice. The following parameters were enhanced both in Lepr(-/-) mice after treatment with PTHrP and vehicle-treated wild-type animals, compared with vehicle-treated Lepr(-/-) mice: osteoblast numbers; tissue alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Type I collagen immunopositive areas; mRNA levels of ALP, Type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand; protein levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor-1; and the number and surface of osteoclasts. In conclusion, exogenous PTHrP by subcutaneous injection promotes fracture repair in Lepr(-/-) mice by increasing callus formation and accelerating cell transformation: upregulated osteoblastic gene and protein expression, increased endochondral bone formation, osteoblastic bone formation, and osteoclastic bone resorption. However, complete repair was not obtained in PTHrP-treated Lepr(-/-) mice as in control wild-type animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yishan Li
- Department of International Training, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongfei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Cianferotti L, Gomes AR, Fabbri S, Tanini A, Brandi ML. The calcium-sensing receptor in bone metabolism: from bench to bedside and back. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2055-71. [PMID: 26100412 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a key player in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, can influence bone modeling and remodeling by directly acting on bone cells, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro evidence. The modulation of CaSR signaling can play a role in bone anabolism. INTRODUCTION The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a key player in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis through the regulation of PTH secretion and calcium homeostasis, thus indirectly influencing bone metabolism. In addition to this role, in vitro and in vivo evidence points to direct effects of CaSR in bone modeling and remodeling. In addition, the activation of the CaSR is one of the anabolic mechanisms implicated in the action of strontium ranelate, to reduce fracture risk. METHODS This review is based upon the acquisition of data from a PubMed enquiry using the terms "calcium sensing receptor," "CaSR" AND "bone remodeling," "bone modeling," "bone turnover," "osteoblast," "osteoclast," "osteocyte," "chondrocyte," "bone marrow," "calcilytics," "calcimimetics," "strontium," "osteoporosis," "skeletal homeostasis," and "bone metabolism." RESULTS A fully functional CaSR is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, so that these cells are able to sense changes in the extracellular calcium and as a result modulate their behavior. CaSR agonists (calcimimetics) or antagonists (calcilytics) have the potential to indirectly influence skeletal homeostasis through the modulation of PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands. The bone anabolic effect of strontium ranelate, a divalent cation used as a treatment for postmenopausal and male osteoporosis, might be explained, at least in part, by the activation of CaSR in bone cells. CONCLUSIONS Calcium released in the bone microenvironment during remodeling is a major factor in regulating bone cells. Osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are influenced by local extracellular calcium concentration. Thus, the calcium-sensing properties of skeletal cells can be exploited in order to modulate bone turnover and can explain the bone anabolic effects of agents developed and employed to revert osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cianferotti
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Yin Y, Wang Q, Sun W, Wang Y, Chen N, Miao D. p27(kip1) deficiency accelerates dentin and alveolar bone formation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:807-16. [PMID: 24916068 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of p27(kip1) in regulating dental formation and alveolar bone development, we compared the teeth and mandible phenotypes of homozygous p27(kip1) -deficient (p27(-/-) ) mice with their wild-type littermates at 2 weeks of age. At 2 weeks of age, dental mineral density, dental volume and dentin sialoprotein-immunopositive areas were increased significantly, whereas the predentin area : total dentin area and biglycan-immunopositive area : dentin area ratios were decreased significantly in p27(-/-) mice compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. Mandible mineral density, cortical thickness, alveolar bone volume, type I collagen and osterix-immunopositive areas, osteoblast number and activity and mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein (bmp2) were all significantly increased in the mandibles, as was the number and surface of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of p27(-/-) mice compared with their WT littermates. Furthermore, the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and protein expression of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 were increased significantly in p27(-/-) mice relative to their WT littermates. The results from this study indicate that p27 plays a negative regulatory role in dentin formation and alveolar bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily and has a critical role in modulating Ca(2+) homeostasis via its role in the parathyroid glands and kidneys. New evidence suggests that CaSR expression in cartilage and bone also directly regulates skeletal homeostasis. This Review discusses the role of CaSR in chondrocytes, through which CaSR contributes to the development of the cartilaginous growth plate, as well as in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through which CaSR has effects on skeletal development and bone turnover in young and mature animals. The interaction of skeletal CaSR activation with parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is secreted by the parathyroid gland, can lead to net bone formation in trabecular bone or net bone resorption in cortical bone. Allosteric modulators of CaSR are beneficial in some clinical conditions, with effects that are mediated by the ability of these agents to alter levels of PTH and improve Ca(2+) homeostasis. However, further insights into the action of CaSR in bone cells might lead to CaSR-based drugs that maximize not only the effects of the receptor on the parathyroid glands and kidneys but also on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey N Hendy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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Wang H, Sun W, Ma J, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhang WB. Biglycan mediates suture expansion osteogenesis via potentiation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biomech 2015; 48:432-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The roles of calcium-sensing receptor and calcium channel in osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated periodontal ligament cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:707-18. [PMID: 24842051 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated extracellular calcium has been shown to promote the differentiation of osteoblasts. However, the way that calcium affects the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs) remains unclear. Our aim has been to investigate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of a calcium-exposed human PDLSC line (cell line 1-17) that we have recently established and to elucidate the roles of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) in this process. Proliferation activity was investigated by WST-1 assay, and gene and protein expression was examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase plus the polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining, respectively. Calcification assay was performed by von Kossa and Alizarin red staining. Treatment with 5 mM CaCl2 significantly induced proliferation, bone-related gene expression, and calcification in cell line 1-17. During culture with 5 mM CaCl2, this cell line up-regulated the gene expression of CaSR, which was reduced after 7 days. Simultaneous treatment with NPS2143, a CaSR inhibitor, and calcium significantly further increased bone-related gene expression and calcification as compared with CaCl2 exposure alone. The L-VDCC inhibitor, nifedipine, significantly suppressed osteogenic differentiation of cell line 1-17 treated with 5 mM CaCl2 and promoted the expression of CaSR, as compared with calcium treatment alone. Thus, elevated extracellular calcium promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of a PDLSC line. Antagonizing CaSR further enhances the effect of calcium on osteogenic differentiation, with CaSR expression being regulated by L-VDCC under extracellular calcium. Extracellular calcium might therefore modulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through reciprocal adjustments of CaSR and L-VDCC.
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Wang H, Liu J, Yin Y, Wu J, Wang Z, Miao D, Sun W. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone related protein 1-34 and 1-84 and their roles in osteoporosis treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88237. [PMID: 24516619 PMCID: PMC3916416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes patients to increased fracture risk. Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) is one of the candidates for clinical osteoporosis treatment. In this study, GST Gene Fusion System was used to express recombinant human PTHrP (hPTHrP) 1-34 and 1-84. To determine whether the recombinant hPTHrP1-34 and 1-84 can enhance renal calcium reabsorption and promote bone formation, we examined effects of recombinant hPTHrP1-34 and 1-84 on osteogenic lineage commitment in a primary bone marrow cell culture system and on osteoporosis treatment. Results revealed that both of recombinant hPTHrP1-34 and 1-84 increased colony formation and osteogenic cell differentiation and mineralization in vitro; however, the effect of recombinant hPTHrP1-84 is a little stronger than that of hPTHrP1-34. Next, ovariectomy was used to construct osteoporosis animal model (OVX) to test activities of these two recombinants in vivo. HPTHrP1-84 administration elevated serum calcium by up-regulating the expression of renal calcium transporters, which resulted in stimulation of osteoblastic bone formation. These factors contributed to augmented bone mass in hPTHrP1-84 treated OVX mice but did not affect bone resorption. There was no obvious bone mass alteration in hPTHrP1-34 treated OVX mice, which may be, at least partly, associated with shorter half-life of hPTHrP1-34 compared to hPTHrP1-84 in vivo. This study implies that recombinant hPTHrP1-84 is more effective than hPTHrP1-34 to enhance renal calcium reabsorption and to stimulate bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
- Institute of Dental Research, Stomatological College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Jingning Liu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Ying Yin
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
- Institute of Dental Research, Stomatological College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Jun Wu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Zilu Wang
- Institute of Dental Research, Stomatological College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Wen Sun
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
- * E-mail:
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Wang YH, Qiu Y, Han XD, Xiong J, Chen YX, Shi HF, Karaplis A. Haploinsufficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone-related peptide impairs bone fracture healing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:715-23. [PMID: 23937065 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-He Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing; University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing; University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Xiao-Dong Han
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Laboratory; Medicine School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Jin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing; University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Yi-Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing; University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Hong-Fei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing; University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Andrew Karaplis
- The Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
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Liu XL, Lu YS, Gao JY, Marshall C, Xiao M, Miao DS, Karaplis A, Goltzman D, Ding J. Calcium Sensing Receptor Absence Delays Postnatal Brain Development via Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:590-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bone Marrow Ablation Demonstrates That Excess Endogenous Parathyroid Hormone Plays Distinct Roles in Trabecular and Cortical Bone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in human disease. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:943-53. [PMID: 22503956 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in 1993, its pivotal role in disorders of calcium homeostasis such as Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH) was quickly demonstrated. Since then, it has become clear that the CaSR has immense functional versatility largely through its ability to activate many different signaling pathways in a ligand- and tissue-specific manner. This allows the receptor to play diverse and crucial roles in human physiology and pathophysiology, both in calcium homeostasis and in tissues and biological processes unrelated to calcium balance. This review covers current knowledge of the role of the CaSR in disorders of calcium homeostasis (FHH, neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of malignancy) as well as unrelated diseases such as breast and colorectal cancer (where the receptor appears to play a tumor suppressor role), Alzheimer's disease, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and bone and gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, it examines the use or potential use of CaSR agonists or antagonists (calcimimetics and calcilytics) and other drugs mediated through the CaSR, in the management of disorders as diverse as hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal disease.
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Prasad K, P BK, Chakravarthy M, Prabhu G. Applications of 'TissueQuant'- a color intensity quantification tool for medical research. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 106:27-36. [PMID: 21924792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the use of TissueQuant - an image analysis tool for quantification of color intensities which was developed for use in medical research where the stained biological specimen such as tissue or antigen needs to be quantified. TissueQuant provides facilities for user interaction to choose and quantify the color of interest and its shades. Gaussian weighting functions are used to provide a color score which quantifies how close the shade is to the user specified reference color. We describe two studies in medical research which use TissueQuant for quantification. The first study evaluated the effect of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on osteoporotic rats. It was found that the analysis results correlated well with the manual evaluation, p < 0.001. The second study evaluated the nerve morphometry and it was found that the adipose and non adipose tissue content was maximum in radial nerve among the five nerves studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Prasad
- Manipal Centre for Information Science, Manipal University, India.
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25
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Xue Y, Xiao Y, Liu J, Karaplis AC, Pollak MR, Brown EM, Miao D, Goltzman D. The calcium-sensing receptor complements parathyroid hormone-induced bone turnover in discrete skeletal compartments in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E841-51. [PMID: 22275754 PMCID: PMC3330707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00599.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may each exert skeletal effects, it is uncertain how CaSR and PTH interact at the level of bone in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Therefore, we simulated PHPT with 2 wk of continuous PTH infusion in adult mice with deletion of the PTH gene (Pth(-/-) mice) and with deletion of both PTH and CaSR genes (Pth(-/-)-Casr (-/-) mice) and compared skeletal phenotypes. PTH infusion in Pth(-/-) mice increased cortical bone turnover, augmented cortical porosity, and reduced cortical bone volume, femoral bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC); these effects were markedly attenuated in PTH-infused Pth(-/-)-Casr(-/-) mice. In the absence of CaSR, the PTH-stimulated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and PTH-stimulated osteoclastogenesis was also reduced. In trabecular bone, PTH-induced increases in bone turnover, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number were lower in Pth(-/-)-Casr(-/-) mice than in Pth(-/-) mice. PTH-stimulated genetic markers of osteoblast activity were also lower. These results are consistent with a role for CaSR in modulating both PTH-induced bone resorption and PTH-induced bone formation in discrete skeletal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingben Xue
- Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Riccardi D, Kemp PJ. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Beyond Extracellular Calcium Homeostasis: Conception, Development, Adult Physiology, and Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 74:271-97. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Riccardi
- Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Paul J. Kemp
- Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom; ,
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Endogenous PTH deficiency impairs fracture healing and impedes the fracture-healing efficacy of exogenous PTH(1-34). PLoS One 2011; 6:e23060. [PMID: 21829585 PMCID: PMC3146536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the capacity of exogenous PTH1-34 to enhance the rate of bone repair is well established in animal models, our understanding of the mechanism(s) whereby PTH induces an anabolic response during skeletal repair remains limited. Furthermore it is unknown whether endogenous PTH is required for fracture healing and how the absence of endogenous PTH would influence the fracture-healing capacity of exogenous PTH. Methodology/Principal Findings Closed mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were created and stabilized with an intramedullary pin in 8-week-old wild-type and Pth null (Pth−/−) mice. Mice received daily injections of vehicle or of PTH1-34 (80 µg/kg) for 1–4 weeks post-fracture, and callus tissue properties were analyzed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post-fracture. Cartilaginous callus areas were reduced at 1 week post-fracture, but were increased at 2 weeks post-fracture in vehicle-treated and PTH-treated Pth−/− mice compared to vehicle-treated and PTH-treated wild-type mice respectively. The mineralized callus areas, bony callus areas, osteoblast number and activity, osteoclast number and surface in callus tissues were all reduced in vehicle-treated and PTH-treated Pth−/− mice compared to vehicle-treated and PTH-treated wild-type mice, but were increased in PTH-treated wild-type and Pth−/− mice compared to vehicle-treated wild-type and Pth−/− mice. Conclusions/Significance Absence of endogenous PTH1-84 impedes bone fracture healing. Exogenous PTH1-34 can act in the absence of endogenous PTH but callus formation, including accelerated endochondral bone formation and callus remodeling as well as mechanical strength of the bone are greater when endogenous PTH is present. Results of this study suggest a complementary role for endogenous PTH1-84 and exogenous PTH1-34 in accelerating fracture healing.
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Jin J, Zhao Y, Tan X, Guo C, Yang Z, Miao D. An improved transplantation strategy for mouse mesenchymal stem cells in an acute myocardial infarction model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21005. [PMID: 21698117 PMCID: PMC3117862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop an effective therapeutic strategy for cardiac regeneration using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), the primary mouse BM-MSCs (1st BM-MSCs) and 5th passage BM-MSCs from β-galactosidase transgenic mice were respectively intramyocardially transplanted into the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model of wild type mice. At the 6th week, animals/tissues from the 1st BM-MSCs group, the 5th passage BM-MSCs group, control group were examined. Our results revealed that, compared to the 5th passage BM-MSCs, the 1st BM-MSCs had better therapeutic effects in the mouse MI model. The 1st BM-MSCs maintained greater differentiation potentials towards cardiomocytes or vascular endothelial cells in vitro. This is indicated by higher expressions of cardiomyocyte and vascular endothelial cell mature markers in vitro. Furthermore, we identified that 24 proteins were down-regulated and 3 proteins were up-regulated in the 5th BM-MSCs in comparison to the 1st BM-MSCs, using mass spectrometry following two-dimensional electrophoresis. Our data suggest that transplantation of the 1st BM-MSCs may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cardiac tissue regeneration following AMI, and altered protein expression profiles between the 1st BM-MSCs and 5th passage BM-MSCs may account for the difference in their maintenance of stemness and their therapeutic effects following AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Jin
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Guo
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (DM)
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (DM)
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Blair HC, Robinson LJ, Huang CLH, Sun L, Friedman PA, Schlesinger PH, Zaidi M. Calcium and bone disease. Biofactors 2011; 37:159-67. [PMID: 21674636 PMCID: PMC3608212 DOI: 10.1002/biof.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium transport and calcium signaling are of basic importance in bone cells. Bone is the major store of calcium and a key regulatory organ for calcium homeostasis. Bone, in major part, responds to calcium-dependent signals from the parathyroids and via vitamin D metabolites, although bone retains direct response to extracellular calcium if parathyroid regulation is lost. Improved understanding of calcium transporters and calcium-regulated cellular processes has resulted from analysis of genetic defects, including several defects with low or high bone mass. Osteoblasts deposit calcium by mechanisms including phosphate and calcium transport with alkalinization to absorb acid created by mineral deposition; cartilage calcium mineralization occurs by passive diffusion and phosphate production. Calcium mobilization by osteoclasts is mediated by acid secretion. Both bone forming and bone resorbing cells use calcium signals as regulators of differentiation and activity. This has been studied in more detail in osteoclasts, where both osteoclast differentiation and motility are regulated by calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Veterans Affairs Health System, PA, USA.
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Shu L, Ji J, Zhu Q, Cao G, Karaplis A, Pollak MR, Brown E, Goltzman D, Miao D. The calcium-sensing receptor mediates bone turnover induced by dietary calcium and parathyroid hormone in neonates. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1057-71. [PMID: 21542007 PMCID: PMC3179300 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated, in neonates, whether the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) mediates the effects of dietary calcium on bone turnover and/or modulates parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone turnover. Wild-type (WT) pups and pups with targeted deletion of the Pth (Pth(-/-)) gene or of both Pth and CaR (Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-)) genes were nursed by dams on a normal or high-calcium diet. Pups nursed by dams on a normal diet received daily injections of vehicle or of PTH(1-34) (80 µg/kg) for 2 weeks starting from 1 week of age. In pups receiving vehicle and fed by dams on a normal diet, trabecular bone volume, osteoblast number, type 1 collagen-positive area, and mineral apposition rate, as well as the expression of bone-formation-related genes, all were reduced significantly in Pth(-/-) pups compared with WT pups and were decreased even more dramatically in Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups. These parameters were increased in WT and Pth(-/-) pups but not in Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups fed by dams on a high-calcium diet compared with pups fed by dams on a normal diet. These parameters also were increased in WT, Pth(-/-), and Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups following exogenous PTH treatment; however, the percentage increase was less in Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups than in WT and Pth(-/-) pups. In vehicle-treated pups fed by dams on either the normal or high-calcium diet and in PTH-treated pups fed by dams on a normal diet, the number and surfaces of osteoclasts and the ratio of RANKL/OPG were reduced significantly in Pth(-/-) pups and less significantly in Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups compared with WT pups. These parameters were further reduced significantly in WT and Pth(-/-) pups from dams fed a high-calcium diet but did not decrease significantly in similarly treated Pth(-/-)CaR(-/-) pups, and they increased significantly in PTH-treated pups compared with vehicle-treated, genotype-matched pups fed by dams on the normal diet. These results indicate that in neonates, the CaR mediates alterations in bone turnover in response to changes in dietary calcium and modulates PTH-stimulated bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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