1
|
Sun L, Lin T, Lee JE, Kim SY, Bai Y, Jin DI. Lysophosphatidic acid improves development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:726-739. [PMID: 39165747 PMCID: PMC11331365 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) could improve the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Porcine SCNT-derived embryos were cultured in chemically defined polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based porcine zygote medium (PZM)-4 without or with LPA, and the development, cell proliferation potential, apoptosis, and expression levels of pluripotent markers were evaluated. LPA significantly increased the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation compared to those seen in the LPA un-treatment (control) group. The expression levels of embryonic development-related genes (IGF2R, PCNA and CDH1) were higher (p < 0.05) in the LPA treatment group than in the control group. LPA significantly increased the numbers of total, inner cell mass and EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine)-positive cells in porcine SCNT blastocysts compared to those seen in the control group. TUNEL assay showed that LPA significantly reduced the apoptosis rate in porcine SCNT-derived embryos; this was confirmed by decreases (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes, BAX and CASP3, and an increase (p < 0.05) in the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2L1. In addition, LPA significantly increased Oct4 expression at the gene and protein levels. Together, our data suggest that LPA improves the quality and development of porcine SCNT-derived embryos by reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation and pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Tao Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Life Sciences and Food
Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038,
China
| | - Dong Il Jin
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neira JA, Conrad JV, Rusteika M, Chu LF. The progress of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from pigs: a mini review of recent advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1371240. [PMID: 38979033 PMCID: PMC11228285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1371240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs (Sus scrofa) are widely acknowledged as an important large mammalian animal model due to their similarity to human physiology, genetics, and immunology. Leveraging the full potential of this model presents significant opportunities for major advancements in the fields of comparative biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Thus, the derivation of pluripotent stem cells from this species can offer new tools for disease modeling and serve as a stepping stone to test future autologous or allogeneic cell-based therapies. Over the past few decades, great progress has been made in establishing porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (pESCs) derived from pre- and peri-implantation embryos, and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) using a variety of cellular reprogramming strategies. However, the stabilization of pPSCs was not as straightforward as directly applying the culture conditions developed and optimized for murine or primate PSCs. Therefore, it has historically been challenging to establish stable pPSC lines that could pass stringent pluripotency tests. Here, we review recent advances in the establishment of stable porcine PSCs. We focus on the evolving derivation methods that eventually led to the establishment of pESCs and transgene-free piPSCs, as well as current challenges and opportunities in this rapidly advancing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Neira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conrad JV, Neira JA, Rusteika M, Meyer S, Clegg DO, Chu LF. Establishment of Transgene-Free Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1012. [PMID: 38712688 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although protocols to generate authentic transgene-free mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are now well established, standard methods for reprogramming porcine somatic cells still suffer from low efficiency and transgene retention. The Basic Protocol describes reprogramming procedures to establish transgene-free porcine iPSCs (PiPSCs) from porcine fibroblasts. This method uses episomal plasmids encoding POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, SV40LT, c-MYC, LIN28A, and microRNA-302/367, combined with an optimized medium, to establish PiPSC lines. Support protocols describe the establishment and characterization of clonal PiPSC lines, as well as the preparation of feeder cells and EBNA1 mRNA. This optimized, step-by-step approach tailored to this species enables the efficient derivation of PiPSCs in ∼4 weeks. The establishment of transgene-free PiPSCs provides a new and valuable model for studies of larger mammalian species' development, disease, and regenerative biology. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Reprogramming of porcine fibroblasts with episomal plasmids Support Protocol 1: Preparation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts for feeder layer Support Protocol 2: Preparation of in vitro-transcribed EBNA1 mRNA Support Protocol 3: Establishment of clonal porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) lines Support Protocol 4: PiPSC characterization: Genomic DNA PCR and RT-PCR Support Protocol 5: PiPSC characterization: Immunostaining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaime A Neira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simultaneous Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases and RNA Synthesis Enables Totipotency Reprogramming in Pig SCNT Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214142. [PMID: 36430635 PMCID: PMC9697165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with genome editing technologies has emerged as a powerful platform for the creation of unique swine lineages for agricultural and biomedical applications. However, successful application of this research platform is still hampered by the low efficiency of these technologies, particularly in attaining complete cell reprogramming for the production of cloned pigs. Treating SCNT embryos with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), such as Scriptaid, has been routinely used to facilitate chromatin reprogramming after nuclear transfer. While increasing histone acetylation leads to a more relaxed chromatin configuration that facilitates the access of reprogramming factors and DNA repair machinery, it may also promote the expression of genes that are unnecessary or detrimental for normal embryo development. In this study, we evaluated the impact of inhibiting both histone deacetylases and RNA synthesis on pre- and post-implantation development of pig SCNT embryos. Our findings revealed that transcription can be inhibited for up to 40 h of development in porcine embryos, produced either by activation, fertilization or SCNT, without detrimentally affecting their capacity to form a blastocyst and their average number of cells at this developmental stage. Importantly, inhibiting RNA synthesis during HDACi treatment resulted in SCNT blastocysts with a greater number of cells and more abundant transcripts for genes related to embryo genome activation on days 2, 3 and 4 of development, compared to SCNT embryos that were treated with HDACi only. In addition, concomitant inhibition of histone deacetylases and RNA synthesis promoted the full reprograming of somatic cells, as evidenced by the normal fetal and full-term development of SCNT embryos. This combined treatment may improve the efficiency of the genome-editing + SCNT platform in swine, which should be further tested by transferring more SCNT embryos and evaluating the health and growth performance of the cloned pigs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao L, Long C, Zhao G, Su J, Ren J, Sun W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu M, Hao C, Li H, Cao G, Bao S, Zuo Y, Li X. Reprogramming barriers in bovine cells nuclear transfer revealed by single-cell RNA-seq analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4792-4804. [PMID: 35971640 PMCID: PMC9465183 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many progresses have recently been achieved in animal somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, embryos derived from SCNT rarely result in live births. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) can be used to investigate the development details of SCNT embryos. Here, bovine fibroblasts and three factors bovine iPSCs (3F biPSCs) were used as donors for bovine nuclear transfer, and the single blastomere transcriptome was analysed by scRNA‐seq. Compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos, SCNT embryos exhibited many defects. Abnormally expressed genes were found at each stage of embryos, which enriched in metabolism, and epigenetic modification. The DEGs of the adjacent stage in SCNT embryos did not follow the temporal expression pattern similar to that of IVF embryos. Particularly, SCNT 8‐cell stage embryos showed failures in some gene activation, including ZSCAN4, and defects in protein association networks which cored as POLR2K, GRO1, and ANKRD1. Some important signalling pathways also showed incomplete activation at SCNT zygote to morula stage. Interestingly, 3F biPSCNT embryos exhibited more dysregulated genes than SCNT embryos at zygote and 2‐cell stage, including genes in KDM family. Pseudotime analysis of 3F biPSCNT embryos showed the different developmental fate from SCNT and IVF embryos. These findings suggested partial reprogrammed 3F biPS cells as donors for bovine nuclear transfer hindered the reprogramming of nuclear transfer embryos. Our studies revealed the abnormal gene expression and pathway activation of SCNT embryos, which could increase our understanding of the development of SCNT embryos and give hints to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunshen Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gaoping Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Su
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Moning Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunxia Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hanshuang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041969. [PMID: 35216087 PMCID: PMC8879641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into a totipotent state through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), which is known as cloning. Although many mammalian species have been successfully cloned, the majority of cloned embryos failed to develop to term, resulting in the overall cloning efficiency being still low. There are many factors contributing to the cloning success. Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is a major cause for the developmental failure of cloned embryos and abnormalities in the cloned offspring. Numerous research groups attempted multiple strategies to technically improve each step of the SCNT procedure and rescue abnormal epigenetic reprogramming by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, overexpression or repression of embryonic-related genes, etc. Here, we review the recent approaches for technical SCNT improvement and ameliorating epigenetic modifications in donor cells, oocytes, and cloned embryos in order to enhance cloning efficiency.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Li J, Yu L, Sun HX, Li J, Dong G, Hu Y, Li Y, Shen Y, Wu J, Gu Y. Cross-species single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals pre-gastrulation developmental differences among pigs, monkeys, and humans. Cell Discov 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 33531465 PMCID: PMC7854681 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies blastocyst complementation enables organ-specific enrichment of xenogeneic pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derivatives, which raises an intriguing possibility to generate functional human tissues/organs in an animal host. However, differences in embryo development between human and host species may constitute the barrier for efficient chimera formation. Here, to understand these differences we constructed a complete single-cell landscape of early embryonic development of pig, which is considered one of the best host species for human organ generation, and systematically compared its epiblast development with that of human and monkey. Our results identified a developmental coordinate of pluripotency spectrum among pigs, humans and monkeys, and revealed species-specific differences in: (1) pluripotency progression; (2) metabolic transition; (3) epigenetic and transcriptional regulations of pluripotency; (4) cell surface proteins; and (5) trophectoderm development. These differences may prevent proper recognition and communication between donor human cells and host pig embryos, resulting in low integration and survival of human cells. These results offer new insights into evolutionary conserved and divergent processes during mammalian development and may be helpful for developing effective strategies to overcome low human-pig chimerism, thereby enabling the generation of functional human organs in pigs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbin Liu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Jie Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China
| | - Leqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Jing Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Guoyi Dong
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Yong Li
- BGI Institute of Applied Agriculture, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China. .,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518083, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518120, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Proietti S, Cucina A, Pensotti A, Fuso A, Marchese C, Nicolini A, Bizzarri M. Tumor reversion and embryo morphogenetic factors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Nguyen HH, Nhu BLQ, Uyen NNP, Nguyen VT, Bui HT. Isolation of female germline stem cells from porcine ovarian tissue and differentiation into oocyte-like cells. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:423-432. [PMID: 31378755 PMCID: PMC6815736 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, it had been widely accepted that the female mammalian ovary contained a limited number of oocytes that would reduce over time, without the possibility of replenishment.
However, recent studies have suggested that female germline stem cells (FGSCs) could replenish the oocyte-pool in adults. The aim of this study was to isolate FGSCs from porcine ovaries and
differentiate them into oocyte-like cells (OLCs). The FGSCs were successfully isolated from porcine ovarian tissue and cultured in vitro, in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented
with growth factors (EGF, FGF, GDNF, etc.) and a supplement (N21). These cells possessed spherical morphology and expressed specific germline characteristics (Vasa, Stella, Oct4, c-kit). By
evaluating different conditions for in vitro differentiation of FGSCs, co-culturing the isolated FGSCs with MEF cells, under three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, were shown
to be optimal. FGSCs could successfully be differentiated into OLCs and reached about 70 µm in diameter, with a large number of surrounding somatic cells. Importantly, OLCs contained large
nuclei, about 25–30 µm, with filamentous chromatin, similar to oocyte morphology, and expressed oocyte-specific markers (Gdf9, Zp2, SCP3, etc.) at the same level as oocytes. In conclusion,
we successfully isolated FGSCs from porcine ovarian tissue and differentiated them into oocyte-like cells. This will provide a valuable model for studying a new, alternative source of
oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huy-Hoang Nguyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Bui Le Quynh Nhu
- Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Nhat Phuong Uyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Thuan Nguyen
- Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Thuy Bui
- Cellular Reprogramming Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The effect of Xenopus laevis egg extracts with/without BRG1 on the development of preimplantation cloned mouse embryos. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:143-152. [PMID: 31182178 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryMuch effort has been devoted to improving the efficiency of animal cloning. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BRG1 contained in Xenopus egg extracts on the development of cloned mouse embryos. The results showed that mouse NIH/3T3 cells were able to express pluripotent genes after treatment with egg extracts, indicating that the egg extracts contained reprogramming factors. After co-injection of Xenopus egg extracts and single mouse cumulus cells into enucleated mouse oocytes, statistically higher pronucleus formation and development rates were observed in the egg Extract- co-injected group compared with those in the no egg extract-injected (NT) group (38-66% vs 18-34%, P<0.001). Removal of BRG1 protein from Xenopus egg extracts was conducted, and the BRG1-depleted extracts were co-injected with single donor cells into recipient oocytes. The results showed that the percentages of pronucleus formation were significantly higher in both BRG1-depleted and BRG1-intact groups than that in the nuclear transfer (NT) group (94, 64% vs 50%, P<0.05). Furthermore, percentages in the BRG1-depleted group were even higher than in the BRG1-intact group (94% vs 64%). More confined expression of Oct4 in the inner cell mass (ICM) was observed in the blastocyst derived from the egg extract-injected groups. However, Nanog expression was more contracted in the ICM of cloned blastocysts in the BRG1-depleted group than in the BGR1-intact group. Based on the present study, BRG1 might not play an essential role in reprogramming, but the factors enhancing pronucleus formation and development of cloned mouse embryos are contained in Xenopus egg extracts.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin T, Lee JE, Kang JW, Oqani RK, Cho ES, Kim SB, Il Jin D. Melatonin supplementation during prolonged in vitro maturation improves the quality and development of poor-quality porcine oocytes via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:665-681. [PMID: 30106229 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor-quality oocytes (those with 1-2 layers of cumulus cells) typically possess low meiotic competence and development. Prolonging the duration of in vitro maturation (IVM; 52 hr) can enhance the maturation rate of poor-quality oocytes, but it does not improve subsequent embryonic development. This likely reflects the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis seen in these oocytes compared with the non-prolonged IVM (44 hr) group. Melatonin is a free radical scavenger, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that reported to enhance the quality of embryos by inhibiting ROS generation and apoptosis. Therefore, we herein investigated whether melatonin combined with prolonged IVM (52 hr) could improve the quality and development of poor-quality oocytes. We supplemented IVM and/or in vitro culture (IVC) media with various concentrations (0, 10-7 , 10-6 , 10-5 M) of melatonin, and estimated parameters related to oocyte quality and development. The addition of melatonin (10-6 M) to a prolonged IVM system improved the oocyte quality and development compared with those of the melatonin-free poor-quality oocytes group, and that this was due to decreases in ROS generation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. When melatonin was added during both IVM (10-6 M) and IVC (10-6 M), we observed a cumulative positive influence on the embryonic development and quality; this treatment enhanced the expression level of Oct4 and decreased the levels of ROS, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that the combination of melatonin plus prolonged IVM can improve the quality and development of poor-quality porcine oocytes via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Reza K Oqani
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Department of Animal Resource Development, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bok Kim
- Department of Animal Improvement, Chungnam Livestock Institute, Cheongyang-gun, Chungman, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Jin
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Research Center for Transgenic Cloned Pigs, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu J, Zhao Q, Feng Y, Li N, Gu Y, Sun R, Duan L, Wu Y, Shan Z, Lei L. Embryonic germ cell extracts erase imprinted genes and improve the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10955. [PMID: 30026469 PMCID: PMC6053380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to be useful in the treatment of human diseases. While prior studies have reported multiple methods to generate iPSCs, DNA methylation continues to limit the totipotency and reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs. Here, we first show the competency of embryonic germ cells (EGCs) as a reprogramming catalyst capable of effectively promoting reprogramming induced by four defined factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Combining EGC extracts with these four factors resulted in formation of more embryonic stem cell-like colonies than did factors alone. Notably, expression of imprinted genes was higher with combined induction than with factors alone. Moreover, iPSCs derived from the combined inductors tended to have more global hypomethylation. Our research not only provides evidence that EGC extracts could activate DNA demethylation and reprogram imprinted genes, but also establishes a new way to enhance reprogramming of iPSCs, which remains a critical safety concern for potential use of iPSCs in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu X, Luo C, Deng K, Wu Z, Wei Y, Jiang J, Lu F, Shi D. Cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects the nucleus reprogramming and the developmental competence of HMC buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryos. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1291-1300. [PMID: 29925699 PMCID: PMC6115262 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of cytoplasmic volume on nucleus
reprogramming and developmental competence of buffalo handmade cloning (HMC) embryos. We
found that both HMC embryos derived from ~150% cytoplasm or ~225% cytoplasm resulted in a
higher blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst in comparison with those from
~75% cytoplasm (25.4 ± 2.0, 27.9 ± 1.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.1%; 150 ± 10, 169 ± 12 vs. 85 ± 6,
P<0.05). Meanwhile, the proportions of nuclear envelope breakdown
(NEBD) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) were also increased in the embryos
derived from ~150 or ~225% enucleated cytoplasm compared to those from ~75% cytoplasm.
Moreover, HMC embryos derived from ~225% cytoplasm showed a decrease of global DNA
methylation from the 2-cell to the 4-cell stage in comparison with those of ~75% cytoplasm
(P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of embryonic genome activation
(EGA) relative genes (eIF1A and U2AF) in HMC embryos
derived from ~225% cytoplasm at the 8-cell stages was also found to be enhanced compared
with that of the ~75% cytoplasm. Two of seven recipients were confirmed to be pregnant
following transfer of blastocysts derived from ~225% cytoplasm, and one healthy cloned
calf was delivered at the end of the gestation period, whereas no recipients were pregnant
after the transfer of blastocysts derived from ~75% cytoplasm. These results indicate that
the cytoplasmic volume of recipient oocytes affects donor nucleus reprogramming, and then
further accounted for the developmental ability of the reconstructed embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Chan Luo
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhulian Wu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Guangxi High Education Key Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
No JG, Hur TY, Zhao M, Lee S, Choi MK, Nam YS, Yeom DH, Im GS, Kim DH. Scriptaid improves the reprogramming of donor cells and enhances canine-porcine interspecies embryo development. Reprod Biol 2017; 18:18-26. [PMID: 29162325 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone methylation, histone acetylation, and DNA methylation are the important factors for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) have been used to improve cloning efficiency. In particular, scriptaid, an HDACi, has been shown to improve SCNT efficiency. However, no studies have been performed on canines. Here, we evaluated the effects of scriptaid on histone modification in canine ear fibroblasts (cEFs) and cloned canine embryos derived from cEFs. The early development of cloned canine-porcine interspecies SCNT (iSCNT) embryos was also examined. cEFs were treated with scriptaid (0, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000nM) in a medium for 24h. Scriptaid treatment (all concentrations) did not significantly affect cell apoptosis. Treatment with 500nM scriptaid caused a significant increase in the acetylation of H3K9, H3K14, and H4K5. cEFs treated with 500nM scriptaid showed significantly decreased Gcn5, Hat1, Hdac6, and Bcl2 and increased Oct4 and Sox2 expression levels. After SCNT with canine oocytes, H3K14 acetylation was significantly increased in the one- and two-cell cloned embryos from scriptaid-treated cEFs. In iSCNT, the percentage of embryos in the 16-cell stage was significantly higher in the scriptaid-treated group (21.6±2.44%) than in the control (7.5±2.09%). The expression levels of Oct4, Sox2, and Bcl2 were significantly increased in 16-cell iSCNT embryos, whereas that of Hdac6 was decreased. These results demonstrated that scriptaid affected the reprogramming of canine donor and cloned embryos, as well as early embryo development in canine-porcine iSCNT, by regulating reprogramming and apoptotic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gu No
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Science, University of Sungkyunkwan, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Nam
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Yeom
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sun Im
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tani T, Kato Y. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity Is Not Essential for the First Step of Nuclear Reprogramming in Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2017; 19:95-106. [PMID: 28266868 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
For reprogramming a somatic nucleus during mammalian cloning, metaphase of the second meiotic division (MII) oocytes has been widely used as recipient cytoplasm. High activity of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is believed to accelerate the remodeling and/or reprogramming of a somatic nucleus introduced into the ooplasm by somatic cell nuclear transfer. We demonstrated previously that the first step in nuclear reprogramming is not directly regulated by MPF and MAPK because activated oocytes in which MPF activity is diminished and MAPK activity is maintained can develop to the blastocyst stage after receiving an M phase somatic nucleus in bovine cloning. In this study, our aim was to test whether MAPK activity is necessary for the first step in nuclear reprogramming and/or chromatin remodeling (phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser3, trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys 9, and acetylation of histone H3 at Lys14) in bovine somatic cloning. We found that it was not necessary, and neither was MPF activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University , Nara, Japan
| | - Yoko Kato
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University , Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sadeesh EM, Fozia S, Meena K. Combined positive effect of oocyte extracts and brilliant cresyl blue stained recipient cytoplasts on epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression in buffalo nuclear transfer embryos. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:289-305. [PMID: 28070808 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of buffalo oocyte extracts (BOE) on donor cells reprogramming and molecular characterisation of oocytes screened via brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining and comparison of gene expression profiles of developmentally important genes in blastocysts from IVF and cloned derived from BOE treated donor cells with BCB selected recipient cytoplasts. Relative abundance (RA) of OCT4 and NANOG was increased (P < 0.05) and HDAC-1, DNMT-1, and DNMT-3A decreased (P < 0.05) in extract treated cells (ETCs). This ETCs dedifferentiated into neuron-like lineage under appropriate induction condition. The RA of NASP, EEF1A1, DNMT1, ODC1 and RPS27A was increased (P < 0.05) in BCB+ oocytes, whereas ATP5A1 and S100A10 increased (P < 0.05) in BCB- oocytes. Total cell number and RA of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, DNMT1, IGF2, IGF2R, MNSOD, GLUT1, BAX and BCL2 in cloned blastocysts derived from BCB+ oocytes with ETC more closely followed that of IVF counterparts compared to BCB+ oocytes with extract untreated cell and BCB- oocytes with ETC derived blastocysts. In conclusion, BOE influenced epigenetic reprogramming of buffalo fibroblasts making them suitable donors for nuclear transfer (NT). BCB staining can be effectively used for selection of developmentally competent oocytes for NT. The combined effects of epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei by BOE and higher nuclear reprogramming capacity of BCB+ oocytes improve developmentally important gene expression in cloned blastocysts. Whether these improvements have long-term effects on buffalo calves born following embryo transfer remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Sadeesh
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
| | - Shah Fozia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India.,Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190001, India
| | - Kataria Meena
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glanzner WG, Komninou ER, Mahendran A, Rissi VB, Gutierrez K, Bohrer RC, Collares T, Gonçalves PBD, Bordignon V. Exposure of Somatic Cells to Cytoplasm Extracts of Porcine Oocytes Induces Stem Cell-Like Colony Formation and Alters Expression of Pluripotency and Chromatin-Modifying Genes. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:137-46. [PMID: 27253625 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2016.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell permeabilization followed by exposure to cytoplasmic extracts of oocytes has been proposed as an alternative to transduction of transcription factors for inducing pluripotency in cultured somatic cells. The main goal in this study was to investigate the effect of treating porcine fibroblast cells with cytoplasmic extracts of GV-stage oocyte (OEx) followed by inhibition of histone deacetylases with Scriptaid (Scrip) on the formation of stem cell-like colonies and expression of genes encoding pluripotency and chromatin-modifying enzymes. Stem cell-like colonies start developing ∼2 weeks after treatment in cells exposed to OEx or OEx + Scrip. The number of cell colonies at the first day of appearance and 48 hours later was also similar between OEx and OEx + Scrip treatments. Transcripts for Nanog, Rex1, and c-Myc genes were detected in most cell samples that were analyzed on different days after OEx treatment. However, Sox2 transcripts were not detected and only a small proportion of samples had detectable levels of Oct4 mRNA after OEx treatment. A similar pattern of transcripts for pluripotency genes was observed in cells treated with OEx alone or OEx + Scrip. Transcript levels for Dnmt1 and Ezh2 were reduced at Day 3 after treatment in cells exposed to OEx. These findings revealed that: (a) exposure to OEx can induce a partial reprogramming of fibroblast cells toward pluripotency, characterized by colony formation and activation of pluripotency genes; and (b) inhibition of histone deacetylases does not improve the reprogramming effect of OEx treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Giehl Glanzner
- 1 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction-BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eliza R Komninou
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Embryology and Transgenesis, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL) , Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ashwini Mahendran
- 3 Department of Animal Science, McGill University , Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Vitor B Rissi
- 1 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction-BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Karina Gutierrez
- 3 Department of Animal Science, McGill University , Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Rodrigo C Bohrer
- 3 Department of Animal Science, McGill University , Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Tiago Collares
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Embryology and Transgenesis, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL) , Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Paulo B D Gonçalves
- 1 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction-BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- 3 Department of Animal Science, McGill University , Ste-Anne-De-Bellevue, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Roberts RM, Yuan Y, Genovese N, Ezashi T. Livestock models for exploiting the promise of pluripotent stem cells. ILAR J 2016; 56:74-82. [PMID: 25991700 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock species are widely used as biomedical models. Pigs, in particular, are beginning to have a significant role in regenerative medicine for testing the applicability, success, and safety of grafts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Animal testing must always be performed before any clinical trials are performed in humans, and pigs may sometimes be the species of choice because of their physiological and anatomical similarities to humans. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have been generated with some success from livestock species by a variety of reprogramming procedures, but authenticated embryonic stem cells (ESC) have not. There are now several studies in which porcine iPSC have been tested for their ability to provide functional grafts in pigs. Pigs have also served as recipients for grafts derived from human iPSC. There have also been recent advances in creating pigs with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Like SCID mice, these pigs are expected to be graft tolerant. Additionally, chimeric, partially humanized pigs could be sources of human organs. Another potential application of pluripotent stem cells from livestock is for the purpose of differentiating the cells into skeletal muscle, which, in turn, could be used either to produce cultured meat or to engraft into damaged muscle. None of these technologies has advanced to a stage that they have become mainstream, however. Despite the value of livestock models in regenerative medicine, only a limited number of institutions are able to use these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Ye Yuan
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Nicholas Genovese
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- R. Michael Roberts, DPhil, is a Curators' Professor in the Division of Animal Sciences and Department of Biochemistry at the University of Missouri. Ye Yuan, PhD, is a research scientist; Nicholas Genovese, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow; and Toshihiko Ezashi, DVM, PhD, is a research associate professor in the Division of Animal Sciences at the University of Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li XH, Li Q, Jiang L, Deng C, Liu Z, Fu Y, Zhang M, Tan H, Feng Y, Shan Z, Wang J, Yu XY. Generation of Functional Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells by High-Efficiency Protein Transduction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1415-24. [PMID: 26564862 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells raises the possibility that somatic cells could be directly reprogrammed to cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). The present study aimed to assess highly efficient protein-based approaches to reduce or eliminate the genetic manipulations to generate CPCs for cardiac regeneration therapy. A combination of QQ-reagent-modified Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 and three cytokines rapidly and efficiently reprogrammed human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) into CPCs. This reprogramming process enriched trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4, monoacetylated histone H3 lysine 9, and Baf60c at the Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer region by the chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Protein-induced CPCs transplanted into rat hearts after myocardial infarction improved cardiac function, and this was related to differentiation into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These findings demonstrate that the highly efficient protein-transduction method can directly reprogram HDFs into CPCs. This protein reprogramming strategy lays the foundation for future refinements both in vitro and in vivo and might provide a source of CPCs for regenerative approaches. SIGNIFICANCE The findings from the present study have demonstrated an efficient protein-transduction method of directly reprogramming fibroblasts into cardiac progenitor cells. These results have great potential in cell-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Lin Jiang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Tan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Ostrup O, Li R, Li J, Vajta G, Kragh PM, Schmidt M, Purup S, Hyttel P, Klærke D, Callesen H. Long-term effect on in vitro cloning efficiency after treatment of somatic cells with Xenopus egg extract in the pig. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:1017-31. [PMID: 25145414 DOI: 10.1071/rd13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), donor cell reprogramming is considered as a biologically important and vulnerable event. Various donor cell pre-treatments with Xenopus egg extracts can promote reprogramming. Here we investigated if the reprogramming effect of one treatment with Xenopus egg extract on donor cells was maintained for several cell passages. The extract treatment resulted in increased cell-colony formation from early passages in treated porcine fibroblasts (ExTES), and increased development of cloned embryos. Partial dedifferentiation was observed in ExTES cells, shown as a tendency towards upregulation of NANOG, c-MYC and KLF-4 and downregulation of DESMIM compared with ExTES at Passage 2. Compared with our routine SCNT, continuously increased development of cloned embryos was observed in the ExTES group, and ExTES cloned blastocysts displayed hypermethylated DNA patterns and hypermethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in ICM compared with TE. All seven recipients became pregnant after transferral of ExTES cloned embryos and gave birth to 7-22 piglets per litter (average 12). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that one treatment of porcine fibroblasts with Xenopus egg extract can result in long-term increased ability of the cells to promote their in vitro function in subsequent SCNT. Finally these cells can also result in successful development of cloned embryos to term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Olga Ostrup
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Gábor Vajta
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter M Kragh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dan Klærke
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
No JG, Choi MK, Kwon DJ, Yoo JG, Yang BC, Park JK, Kim DH. Cell-free extract from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells can affect porcine somatic cell nuclear reprogramming. J Reprod Dev 2015; 61:90-8. [PMID: 25736622 PMCID: PMC4410095 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretreatment of somatic cells with undifferentiated cell extracts, such as embryonic stem cells and mammalian oocytes, is an attractive alternative method for reprogramming control. The properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are similar to those of embryonic stem cells; however, no studies have reported somatic cell nuclear reprogramming using iPSC extracts. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of porcine iPSC extracts treatment on porcine ear fibroblasts and early development of porcine cloned embryos produced from porcine ear skin fibroblasts pretreated with the porcine iPSC extracts. The Chariot(TM) reagent system was used to deliver the iPSC extracts into cultured porcine ear skin fibroblasts. The iPSC extracts-treated cells (iPSC-treated cells) were cultured for 3 days and used for analyzing histone modification and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Compared to the results for nontreated cells, the trimethylation status of histone H3 lysine residue 9 (H3K9) in the iPSC-treated cells significantly decreased. The expression of Jmjd2b, the H3K9 trimethylation-specific demethylase gene, significantly increased in the iPSC-treated cells; conversely, the expression of the proapoptotic genes, Bax and p53, significantly decreased. When the iPSC-treated cells were transferred into enucleated porcine oocytes, no differences were observed in blastocyst development and total cell number in blastocysts compared with the results for control cells. However, H3K9 trimethylation of pronuclear-stage-cloned embryos significantly decreased in the iPSC-treated cells. Additionally, Bax and p53 gene expression in the blastocysts was significantly lower in iPSC-treated cells than in control cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that an extracts of porcine iPSCs can affect histone modification and gene expression in porcine ear skin fibroblasts and cloned embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gu No
- Animal Biotechnology Division; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bui HT, Van Thuan N, Kwon DN, Choi YJ, Kang MH, Han JW, Kim T, Kim JH. Identification and characterization of putative stem cells in the adult pig ovary. Development 2014; 141:2235-44. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of ‘neo-oogenesis’ has received increasing attention, since it was shown that adult mammals have a renewable source of eggs. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the origin of these eggs and to confirm whether neo-oogenesis continues throughout life in the ovaries of the adult mammal. Adult female pigs were utilized to isolate, identify and characterize, including their proliferation and differentiation capabilities, putative stem cells (PSCs) from the ovary. PSCs were found to comprise a heterogeneous population based on c-kit expression and cell size, and also express stem and germ cell markers. Analysis of PSC molecular progression during establishment showed that these cells undergo cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of Oct4 in a manner reminiscent of gonadal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Hence, cells with the characteristics of early PGCs are present or are generated in the adult pig ovary. Furthermore, the in vitro establishment of porcine PSCs required the presence of ovarian cell-derived extracellular regulatory factors, which are also likely to direct stem cell niche interactions in vivo. In conclusion, the present work supports a crucial role for c-kit and kit ligand/stem cell factor in stimulating the growth, proliferation and nuclear reprogramming of porcine PSCs, and further suggests that porcine PSCs might be the culture equivalent of early PGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Thuy Bui
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Long An 81000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thuan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Long An 81000, Vietnam
| | - Deug-Nam Kwon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Teoan Kim
- Department of Physiology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705718, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mu X, Sultankulov B, Agarwal R, Mahjoub A, Schott T, Greco N, Huard J, Weiss K. Chick embryo extract demethylates tumor suppressor genes in osteosarcoma cells. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014; 472:865-73. [PMID: 23761177 PMCID: PMC3916611 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. It is widely accepted that cancer has genetic and epigenetic origins. The idea of epigenetic reprogramming of cancer cells by an embryonic microenvironment possesses potential interest from the prospect of both basic science and potential therapeutic strategies. Chick embryo extract (CEE) has been used for the successful expansion of many specific stem cells and has demonstrated the ability to facilitate DNA demethylation. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The current study was conducted to compare the status of DNA methylation in highly metastatic and less metastatic osteosarcoma cells and to investigate whether CEE may affect the epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes and thus change the metastatic phenotypes of highly metastatic osteosarcoma cells. METHODS K7M2 murine OS cells were treated with CEE to determine its potential effect on DNA methylation, cell apoptosis, and invasion capacity. RESULTS Our current results suggest that the methylation status of tumor suppressor genes (p16, p53, and E-cadherin) is significantly greater in highly metastatic mouse ostoesarcoma K7M2 cells in comparison with less metastatic mouse osteosarcoma K12 cells. CEE treatment of K7M2 cells caused demethylation of p16, p53, and E-cadherin genes, upregulated their expression, and resulted in the reversion of metastatic phenotypes in highly metastatic osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS CEE may promote the reversion of metastatic phenotypes of osteosarcoma cells and can be a helpful tool to study osteosarcoma tumor reversion by epigenetic reprogramming. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Demethylation of tumor suppressor genes in osteosarcoma may represent a novel strategy to diminish the metastatic potential of this neoplasm. Further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are warranted to evaluate the clinical feasibility of this approach as an adjuvant to current therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Mu
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Bolat Sultankulov
- Department of Biophysics, Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Riddhima Agarwal
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Adel Mahjoub
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Trevor Schott
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Nicholas Greco
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Bridgeside Point 2, Suite 206, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
LONG CHARLESR, WESTHUSIN MARKE, GOLDING MICHAELC. Reshaping the transcriptional frontier: epigenetics and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:183-93. [PMID: 24167064 PMCID: PMC3953569 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) experiments have paved the way to the field of cellular reprogramming. The demonstrated ability to clone over 20 different species to date has proven that the technology is robust but very inefficient, and is prone to developmental anomalies. Yet, the offspring from cloned animals exhibit none of the abnormalities of their parents, suggesting the low efficiency and high developmental mortality are epigenetic in origin. The epigenetic barriers to reprogramming somatic cells into a totipotent embryo capable of developing into a viable offspring are significant and varied. Despite their intimate relationship, chromatin structure and transcription are often not uniformly reprogramed after nuclear transfer, and many cloned embryos develop gene expression profiles that are hybrids between the donor cell and an embryonic blastomere. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming suggest that alteration of donor-cell chromatin structure towards that found in an normal embryo is actually the rate-limiting step in successful development of SCNT embryos. Here we review the literature relevant to the transformation of a somatic-cell nucleus into an embryo capable of full-term development. Interestingly, while resetting somatic transcription and associated epigenetic marks are absolutely required for development of SCNT embryos, life does not demand perfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CHARLES R. LONG
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - MARK E. WESTHUSIN
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - MICHAEL C. GOLDING
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mastromonaco GF, González-Grajales LA, Filice M, Comizzoli P. Somatic cells, stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells: how do they now contribute to conservation? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:385-427. [PMID: 25091918 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has now passed since the birth of the first endangered species produced from an adult somatic cell reprogrammed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. At that time, advances made in domestic and laboratory animal species provided the necessary foundation for attempting cutting-edge technologies on threatened and endangered species. In addition to nuclear transfer, spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and induction of pluripotent stem cells have also been explored. Although many basic scientific questions have been answered and more than 30 wild species have been investigated, very few successes have been reported. The majority of studies document numerous obstacles that still need to be overcome to produce viable gametes or embryos for healthy offspring production. This chapter provides an overview of somatic cell and stem cell technologies in different taxa (mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles and amphibians) and evaluates the potential and impact of these approaches for animal species conservation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kong PC, Zhu Y, Wang MS, Li HP, Chen XJ, Jiang MX. Reprogramming of round spermatids by the germinal vesicle cytoplasm in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78437. [PMID: 24167624 PMCID: PMC3805568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The birthrate following round spermatid injection (ROSI) remains low in current and evidence suggests that factors in the germinal vesicle (GV) cytoplasm and certain substances in the GV such as the nucleolus might be responsible for genomic reprogramming and embryonic development. However, little is known whether the reprogramming factors in GV oocyte cytoplasm and/or nucleolus in GV are beneficial to the reprogramming of round spermatids and development of ROSI embryos. Here, round spermatids were treated with GV cytolysates and injected this round spermatid alone or co-injected with GV oocyte nucleolus into mature metaphase II oocytes. Subsequent embryonic development was assessed morphologically and by Oct4 expression in blastocysts. There was no significant difference between experimental groups at the zygote to four-cell development stages. Blastocysts derived from oocytes which were injected with cytolysate treated-round spermatid alone or co-injected with nucleoli injection yielded 63.6% and 70.3% high quality embryos, respectively; comparable to blastocysts derived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but higher than these oocytes which were co-injected with lysis buffer-treated round spermatids and nucleoli or injected with the lysis buffer-treated round spermatids alone. Furthermore, the proportion of live offspring resulting from oocytes which were co-injected with cytolysate treated-round spermatids and nucleoli or injected with cytolysate treated-round spermatids alone was higher than those were injected with lysis buffer treated-round spermaids, but comparable with the ICSI group. Our results demonstrate that factors from the GV cytoplasm improve round spermatid reprogramming, and while injection of the extra nucleolus does not obviously improve reprogramming its potential contribution, although which cannot be definitively excluded. Thus, some reprogramming factors are evidently present in GV oocyte cytoplasm and could significantly facilitate ROSI technology, while the nucleolus in GV seems also having a potential to improve reprogramming of round spermatids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Kong
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of National Population and Family Planning Committee, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Jin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MXJ); (XJC)
| | - Man-Xi Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MXJ); (XJC)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Krishnakumar R, Blelloch RH. Epigenetics of cellular reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:548-55. [PMID: 23948105 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly changing their state of equilibrium in response to internal and external stimuli. These changes in cell identity are driven by highly coordinated modulation of gene expression. This coordinated regulation is achieved in large part due to changes in the structure and composition of the chromatin, driven by epigenetic modulators. Recent discoveries in cellular and genomic reprogramming have highlighted the importance of chromatin modifications to reach and uphold the fidelity of target cell states. In this review, we focus on the latest work addressing the mechanisms surrounding the epigenetic regulation of various types of reprogramming, including somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), cell fusion and transcription factor-induced and microRNA-induced pluripotency. The studies covered herein showcase the interplay between these epigenetic pathways, and highlight the importance of furthering our understanding of these connections to form a clearer picture of the mechanisms underlying stable cell fate transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raga Krishnakumar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
There is currently particular interest in the field of nuclear reprogramming, a process by which the identity of specialised cells may be changed, typically to an embryonic-like state. Reprogramming procedures provide insight into many mechanisms of fundamental cell biology and have several promising applications, most notably in healthcare through the development of human disease models and patient-specific tissue-replacement therapies. Here, we introduce the field of nuclear reprogramming and briefly discuss six of the procedures by which reprogramming may be experimentally performed: nuclear transfer to eggs or oocytes, cell fusion, extract treatment, direct reprogramming to pluripotency and transdifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Halley-Stott
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|