1
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Shin K, Rodriguez-Parks A, Kim C, Silaban IM, Xia Y, Sun J, Dong C, Keles S, Wang J, Cao J, Kang J. Harnessing the regenerative potential of interleukin11 to enhance heart repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.577788. [PMID: 38352555 PMCID: PMC10862709 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.577788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Balancing between regenerative processes and fibrosis is crucial for heart repair, yet strategies regulating this balance remain a barrier to developing therapies. While Interleukin11 (IL11) is known as a fibrotic factor, its contribution to heart regeneration is poorly understood. We uncovered that il11a, an Il11 homolog in zebrafish, can trigger robust regenerative programs in zebrafish hearts, including cardiomyocytes proliferation and coronary expansion, even in the absence of injury. However, prolonged il11a induction in uninjured hearts causes persistent fibroblast emergence, resulting in fibrosis. While deciphering the regenerative and fibrotic effects of il11a, we found that il11-dependent fibrosis, but not regeneration, is mediated through ERK activity, suggesting to potentially uncouple il11a dual effects on regeneration and fibrosis. To harness the il11a's regenerative ability, we devised a combinatorial treatment through il11a induction with ERK inhibition. This approach enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation with mitigated fibrosis, achieving a balance between regenerative processes and fibrosis. Thus, we unveil the mechanistic insights into regenerative il11 roles, offering therapeutic avenues to foster cardiac repair without exacerbating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Anjelica Rodriguez-Parks
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chanul Kim
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Isabella M Silaban
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chenyang Dong
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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2
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. ptx3a + fibroblast/epicardial cells provide a transient macrophage niche to promote heart regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114092. [PMID: 38607913 PMCID: PMC11092985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages conduct critical roles in heart repair, but the niche required to nurture and anchor them is poorly studied. Here, we investigated the macrophage niche in the regenerating heart. We analyzed cell-cell interactions through published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and identified a strong interaction between fibroblast/epicardial (Fb/Epi) cells and macrophages. We further visualized the association of macrophages with Fb/Epi cells and the blockage of macrophage response without Fb/Epi cells in the regenerating zebrafish heart. Moreover, we found that ptx3a+ epicardial cells associate with reparative macrophages, and their depletion resulted in fewer reparative macrophages. Further, we identified csf1a expression in ptx3a+ cells and determined that pharmacological inhibition of the csf1a pathway or csf1a knockout blocked the reparative macrophage response. Moreover, we found that genetic overexpression of csf1a enhanced the reparative macrophage response with or without heart injury. Altogether, our studies illuminate a cardiac Fb/Epi niche, which mediates a beneficial macrophage response after heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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3
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Ando K, Ou J, Thompson JD, Welsby J, Bangru S, Shen J, Wei X, Diao Y, Poss KD. A screen for regeneration-associated silencer regulatory elements in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2024; 59:676-691.e5. [PMID: 38290519 PMCID: PMC10939760 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration involves gene expression changes explained in part by context-dependent recruitment of transcriptional activators to distal enhancers. Silencers that engage repressive transcriptional complexes are less studied than enhancers and more technically challenging to validate, but they potentially have profound biological importance for regeneration. Here, we identified candidate silencers through a screening process that examined the ability of DNA sequences to limit injury-induced gene expression in larval zebrafish after fin amputation. A short sequence (s1) on chromosome 5 near several genes that reduce expression during adult fin regeneration could suppress promoter activity in stable transgenic lines and diminish nearby gene expression in knockin lines. High-resolution analysis of chromatin organization identified physical associations of s1 with gene promoters occurring preferentially during fin regeneration, and genomic deletion of s1 elevated the expression of these genes after fin amputation. Our study provides methods to identify "tissue regeneration silencer elements" (TRSEs) with the potential to reduce unnecessary or deleterious gene expression during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ando
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John D Thompson
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John Welsby
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingwen Shen
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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4
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Gopal U, Monroe JD, Marudamuthu AS, Begum S, Walters BJ, Stewart RA, Washington CW, Gibert Y, Zachariah MA. Development of a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Leptomeningeal Disease Model in Zebrafish. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070995. [PMID: 37048068 PMCID: PMC10093412 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease occurs when cancer cells migrate into the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord and then colonize the meninges of the central nervous system. The triple-negative subtype of breast cancer often progresses toward leptomeningeal disease and has a poor prognosis because of limited treatment options. This is due, in part, to a lack of animal models with which to study leptomeningeal disease. Here, we developed a translucent zebrafish casper (roy-/-; nacre-/-) xenograft model of leptomeningeal disease in which fluorescent labeled MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells are microinjected into the ventricles of zebrafish embryos and then tracked and measured using fluorescent microscopy and multimodal plate reader technology. We then used these techniques to measure tumor area, cell proliferation, and cell death in samples treated with the breast cancer drug doxorubicin and a vehicle control. We monitored MDA-MB-231 cell localization and tumor area, and showed that samples treated with doxorubicin exhibited decreased tumor area and proliferation and increased apoptosis compared to control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udhayakumar Gopal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jerry D Monroe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Amarnath S Marudamuthu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bradley J Walters
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Rodney A Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chad W Washington
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yann Gibert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Marcus A Zachariah
- Neurosurgical Medical Clinic, 3750 Convoy Street, Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
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5
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Begeman IJ, Emery B, Kurth A, Kang J. Regeneration and developmental enhancers are differentially compatible with minimal promoters. Dev Biol 2022; 492:47-58. [PMID: 36167150 PMCID: PMC10211259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers and promoters are cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression. Enhancers are activated in a cell type-, tissue-, and condition-specific manner to stimulate promoter function and transcription. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful animal model for examining the activities of enhancers derived from various species through transgenic enhancer assays, in which an enhancer is coupled with a minimal promoter. However, the efficiency of minimal promoters and their compatibility with multiple developmental and regeneration enhancers have not been systematically tested in zebrafish. Thus, we assessed the efficiency of six minimal promoters and comprehensively interrogated the compatibility of the promoters with developmental and regeneration enhancers. We found that the fos minimal promoter and Drosophila synthetic core promoter (DSCP) yielded high rates of leaky expression that may complicate the interpretation of enhancer assays. Notably, the adenovirus E1b promoter, the zebrafish lepb 0.8-kb (P0.8) and lepb 2-kb (P2) promoters, and a new zebrafish synthetic promoter (ZSP) that combines elements of the E1b and P0.8 promoters drove little or no ectopic expression, making them suitable for transgenic assays. We also found significant differences in compatibility among specific combinations of promoters and enhancers, indicating the importance of promoters as key regulatory elements determining the specificity of gene expression. Our study provides guidelines for transgenic enhancer assays in zebrafish to aid in the discovery of functional enhancers regulating development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Benjamin Emery
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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6
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Jiao C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang J. Zebrafish heart regeneration after coronary dysfunction-induced cardiac damage. Dev Biol 2022; 487:57-66. [PMID: 35490764 PMCID: PMC11017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various zebrafish injury models demonstrated efficient heart regeneration after cardiac tissue loss. However, no established coronary vessel injury methods exist in the zebrafish model, despite coronary endothelial dysfunction occurring in most patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is due to difficulties performing surgery on small coronary vessels and a lack of genetic tools to precisely manipulate coronary cells in zebrafish. We determined that the Notch ligand gene deltaC regulatory sequences drive gene expression in zebrafish coronary endothelial cells, enabling us to overcome these obstacles. We created a deltaC fluorescent reporter line and visualized robust coronary growth during heart development and regeneration. Importantly, this reporter facilitated the visualization of coronary growth without an endocardial background. Moreover, we visualized robust coronary growth on the surface of juvenile hearts and regrowth in the wounded area of adult hearts ex vivo. With this approach, we observed growth inhibition by reported vascular growth antagonists of the VEGF, EGF and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, we established a coronary genetic ablation system and observed that severe coronary endothelial cell loss resulted in fish death, whereas fish survived mild coronary cell loss. Coronary cell depletion triggered regenerative responses, which resulted in the restoration of damaged cardiac tissues within several weeks. Overall, our work demonstrated the efficacy of using deltaC regulatory elements for high-resolution visualization of the coronary endothelium; screening small molecules for coronary growth effects; and revealed complete recovery in adult zebrafish after coronary-induced heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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7
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Visualization of regenerating and repairing hearts. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:787-798. [PMID: 35621122 PMCID: PMC9886236 DOI: 10.1042/cs20211116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With heart failure continuing to become more prevalent, investigating the mechanisms of heart injury and repair holds much incentive. In contrast with adult mammals, other organisms such as teleost fish, urodele amphibians, and even neonatal mammals are capable of robust cardiac regeneration to replenish lost or damaged myocardial tissue. Long-term high-resolution intravital imaging of the behaviors and interactions of different cardiac cell types in their native environment could yield unprecedented insights into heart regeneration and repair. However, this task remains challenging for the heart due to its rhythmic contraction and anatomical location. Here, we summarize recent advances in live imaging of heart regeneration and repair, discuss the advantages and limitations of current systems, and suggest future directions for novel imaging technology development.
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8
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Manni I, de Latouliere L, Piaggio G. Bioluminescence and Optical Imaging: Principles and Applications. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Identification of Individual Zebrafish ( Danio rerio): A Refined Protocol for VIE Tagging Whilst Considering Animal Welfare and the Principles of the 3Rs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030616. [PMID: 33652779 PMCID: PMC7996851 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquatic ecology, studies have commonly employed a tagging technique known as visible implant elastomer (VIE). This method has not been widely adopted by the zebrafish research community and also lacks refinement with regard to animal welfare. The current paper introduces a new VIE tagging protocol, with the aim of improving existing tagging techniques by placing particular emphasis on the Three Rs. To improve animal welfare and fish survival, we added the use of an analgesic compound (lidocaine) through the marking procedure, followed by after-treatment with antiseptics (melaleuca, aloe vera, and PVP-I as active ingredients) to improve tissue regeneration and healing. The newly improved protocol has been quantitatively evaluated on different populations and age groups of zebrafish. This study will be useful to the scientific zebrafish community and to the wider field including biologist and aquarists, especially in consideration of animal welfare, where tagging techniques are considered as a potential noxious stimulus for fish.
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10
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de Latouliere L, Manni I, Ferrari L, Pisati F, Totaro MG, Gurtner A, Marra E, Pacello L, Pozzoli O, Aurisicchio L, Capogrossi MC, Deflorian G, Piaggio G. MITO-Luc/GFP zebrafish model to assess spatial and temporal evolution of cell proliferation in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:671. [PMID: 33436662 PMCID: PMC7804000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel reporter transgenic zebrafish model called MITO-Luc/GFP zebrafish in which GFP and luciferase expression are under the control of the master regulator of proliferation NF-Y. In MITO-Luc/GFP zebrafish it is possible to visualize cell proliferation in vivo by fluorescence and bioluminescence. In this animal model, GFP and luciferase expression occur in early living embryos, becoming tissue specific in juvenile and adult zebrafish. By in vitro and ex vivo experiments we demonstrate that luciferase activity in adult animals occurs in intestine, kidney and gonads, where detectable proliferating cells are located. Further, by time lapse experiments in live embryos, we observed a wave of GFP positive cells following fin clip. In adult zebrafish, in addition to a bright bioluminescence signal on the regenerating tail, an early unexpected signal coming from the kidney occurs indicating not only a fin cell proliferation, but also a systemic response to tissue damage. Finally, we observed that luciferase activity was inhibited by anti-proliferative interventions, i.e. 5FU, cell cycle inhibitors and X-Rays. In conclusion, MITO-Luc/GFP zebrafish is a novel animal model that may be crucial to assess the spatial and temporal evolution of cell proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Ferrari
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pisati
- Histopathology Unit, Cogentech S.C.a.R.L, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marra
- Takis s.r.l., via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.,VITARES -APS, via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ombretta Pozzoli
- Laboratorio Di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa - Centro Cardiologico Monzino - IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy.,Pfizer Italia, Via A.M. Mozzoni 12, 20152, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Aurisicchio
- Takis s.r.l., via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy.,VITARES -APS, via Castel Romano 100, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 301 Building, Suite 2400, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Gianluca Deflorian
- IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Cogentech SRL - Benefit Corporation, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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11
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Begeman IJ, Shin K, Osorio-Méndez D, Kurth A, Lee N, Chamberlain TJ, Pelegri FJ, Kang J. Decoding an organ regeneration switch by dissecting cardiac regeneration enhancers. Development 2020; 147:226055. [PMID: 33246928 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration in regeneration-competent organisms can be accomplished through the remodeling of gene expression in response to cardiac injury. This dynamic transcriptional response relies on the activities of tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs); however, the mechanisms underlying TREEs are poorly understood. We dissected a cardiac regeneration enhancer in zebrafish to elucidate the mechanisms governing spatiotemporal gene expression during heart regeneration. Cardiac lepb regeneration enhancer (cLEN) exhibits dynamic, regeneration-dependent activity in the heart. We found that multiple injury-activated regulatory elements are distributed throughout the enhancer region. This analysis also revealed that cardiac regeneration enhancers are not only activated by injury, but surprisingly, they are also actively repressed in the absence of injury. Our data identified a short (22 bp) DNA element containing a key repressive element. Comparative analysis across Danio species indicated that the repressive element is conserved in closely related species. The repression mechanism is not operational during embryogenesis and emerges when the heart begins to mature. Incorporating both activation and repression components into the mechanism of tissue regeneration constitutes a new paradigm that might be extrapolated to other regeneration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio-Méndez
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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12
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Juul Belling H, Hofmeister W, Andersen DC. A Systematic Exposition of Methods used for Quantification of Heart Regeneration after Apex Resection in Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030548. [PMID: 32111059 PMCID: PMC7140516 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a worldwide condition that affects millions of people. This is mainly caused by the adult human heart lacking the ability to regenerate upon injury, whereas zebrafish have the capacity through cardiomyocyte proliferation to fully regenerate the heart following injury such as apex resection (AR). But a systematic overview of the methods used to evidence heart regrowth and regeneration in the zebrafish is lacking. Herein, we conducted a systematical search in Embase and Pubmed for studies on heart regeneration in the zebrafish following injury and identified 47 AR studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Overall, three different methods were used to assess heart regeneration in zebrafish AR hearts. 45 out of 47 studies performed qualitative (37) and quantitative (8) histology, whereas immunohistochemistry for various cell cycle markers combined with cardiomyocyte specific proteins was used in 34 out of 47 studies to determine cardiomyocyte proliferation qualitatively (6 studies) or quantitatively (28 studies). For both methods, analysis was based on selected heart sections and not the whole heart, which may bias interpretations. Likewise, interstudy comparison of reported cardiomyocyte proliferation indexes seems complicated by distinct study designs and reporting manners. Finally, six studies performed functional analysis to determine heart function, a hallmark of human heart injury after MI. In conclusion, our data implies that future studies should consider more quantitative methods eventually taking the 3D of the zebrafish heart into consideration when evidencing myocardial regrowth after AR. Furthermore, standardized guidelines for reporting cardiomyocyte proliferation and sham surgery details may be considered to enable inter study comparisons and robustly determine the effect of given genes on the process of heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Juul Belling
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, DanStem, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, 2200 København H, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (H.J.B.); (W.H.)
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Winsloewparken 25, 1. floor, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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13
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Dou L, Matz EL, Gu X, Shu F, Paxton J, Song J, Yoo J, Atala A, Jackson J, Zhang Y. Non-Invasive Cell Tracking with Brighter and Red-Transferred Luciferase for Potential Application in Stem Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1542-1551. [PMID: 31684762 PMCID: PMC6923553 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719885078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the safety of a novel cell-labeling technology with mKATE and
Renilla reniformis luciferase (mKATE-renLUC) and assessed the efficacy
on tracking implanted human placental stromal cells (PSC) in an erectile dysfunction (ED)
animal model. Human PSC were labeled with mKATE-renLUC using a lentivirus. Cell viability,
apoptosis, proliferation, migration, surface marker expression and differentiation
potential of the labeled PSC were evaluated and compared with non-labeled PSC. The
paracrine profile of labeled cells was examined using an angiogenesis protein array. The
brightness and duration of labeled cells with different densities were evaluated. An ED
rat model was established and labeled PSC were injected into cavernosal tissue of the
penis. The migration and distribution of transplanted PSC were monitored using an IVIS
imaging system in real time. Implanted PSC were identified in isolated tissues via
detection of mKATE fluorescence. The cell viability, morphology, proliferation, migration,
surface marker expression and differentiation potential of mKATE-renLUC-labeled PSC were
similar to those of non-labeled cells in vitro (no statistical difference
p>0.05). Similar expressions of trophic factors were found between
labeled and non-labeled PSC. The migration and distribution of PSC expressing renLUC were
tracked in vivo using IVIS imaging system. mKATE-positive PSC were detected in penile,
kidney, prostate and hepatic tissues using histological methods. This labeling technology
provides a safe and effective cell-tracking approach with a brighter fluorophore and
codon-optimized luciferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ethan L Matz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Paxton
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - James Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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14
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Marques IJ, Lupi E, Mercader N. Model systems for regeneration: zebrafish. Development 2019; 146:146/18/dev167692. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.167692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Tissue damage can resolve completely through healing and regeneration, or can produce permanent scarring and loss of function. The response to tissue damage varies across tissues and between species. Determining the natural mechanisms behind regeneration in model organisms that regenerate well can help us develop strategies for tissue recovery in species with poor regenerative capacity (such as humans). The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the most accessible vertebrate models to study regeneration. In this Primer, we highlight the tools available to study regeneration in the zebrafish, provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying regeneration in this system and discuss future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines J. Marques
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Lupi
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Acquifer, Ditabis, Digital Biomedical Imaging Systems, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC, Madrid 2029, Spain
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15
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Manni I, de Latouliere L, Gurtner A, Piaggio G. Transgenic Animal Models to Visualize Cancer-Related Cellular Processes by Bioluminescence Imaging. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:235. [PMID: 30930779 PMCID: PMC6428995 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical animal models are valuable tools to improve treatments of malignant diseases, being an intermediate step of experimentation between cell culture and human clinical trials. Among different animal models frequently used in cancer research are mouse and, more recently, zebrafish models. Indeed, most of the cellular pathways are highly conserved between human, mouse and zebrafish, thus rendering these models very attractive. Recently, several transgenic reporter mice and zebrafishes have been generated in which the luciferase reporter gene are placed under the control of a promoter whose activity is strictly related to specific cancer cellular processes. Other mouse models have been generated by the cDNA luciferase knockin in the locus of a gene whose expression/activity has increased in cancer. Using BioLuminescence Imaging (BLI), we have now the opportunity to spatiotemporal visualize cell behaviors, among which proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune responses, in any body district in living animal in a time frame process. We provide here a review of the available models to visualized cancer and cancer-associated events in living animals by BLI and as they have been successful in identifying new stages of early tumor progression, new interactions between different tissues and new therapeutic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aymone Gurtner
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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16
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Letrado P, de Miguel I, Lamberto I, Díez-Martínez R, Oyarzabal J. Zebrafish: Speeding Up the Cancer Drug Discovery Process. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6048-6058. [PMID: 30327381 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal in vivo model to study a wide variety of human cancer types. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of zebrafish in the cancer drug discovery process, from (i) approaches to induce malignant tumors, (ii) techniques to monitor cancer progression, and (iii) strategies for compound administration to (iv) a compilation of the 355 existing case studies showing the impact of zebrafish models on cancer drug discovery, which cover a broad scope of scenarios. Finally, based on the current state-of-the-art analysis, this review presents some highlights about future directions using zebrafish in cancer drug discovery and the potential of this model as a prognostic tool in prospective clinical studies. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6048-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Letrado
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.,Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iranzu Lamberto
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain
| | - Roberto Díez-Martínez
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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17
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Abstract
Understanding how and why animals regenerate complex tissues has the potential to transform regenerative medicine. Here we present an overview of genetic approaches that have recently been applied to dissect mechanisms of regeneration. We describe new advances that relate to central objectives of regeneration biologists researching different tissues and species, focusing mainly on vertebrates. These objectives include defining the cellular sources and key cell behaviors in regenerating tissue, elucidating molecular triggers and brakes for regeneration, and defining the earliest events that control the presence of these molecular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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18
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Bhattarai P, Thomas AK, Cosacak MI, Papadimitriou C, Mashkaryan V, Zhang Y, Kizil C. Modeling Amyloid-β42 Toxicity and Neurodegeneration in Adult Zebrafish Brain. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155703 DOI: 10.3791/56014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease in which accumulation of toxic amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptides leads to synaptic degeneration, inflammation, neuronal death, and learning deficits. Humans cannot regenerate lost neurons in the case of AD in part due to impaired proliferative capacity of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and reduced neurogenesis. Therefore, efficient regenerative therapies should also enhance the proliferation and neurogenic capacity of NSPCs. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a regenerative organism, and we can learn the basic molecular programs with which we could design therapeutic approaches to tackle AD. For this reason, the generation of an AD-like model in zebrafish was necessary. Using our methodology, we can introduce synthetic derivatives of Aβ42 peptide with tissue penetrating capability into the adult zebrafish brain, and analyze the disease pathology and the regenerative response. The advantage over the existing methods or animal models is that zebrafish can teach us how a vertebrate brain can naturally regenerate, and thus help us to treat human neurodegenerative diseases better by targeting endogenous NSPCs. Therefore, the amyloid-toxicity model established in the adult zebrafish brain may open new avenues for research in the field of neuroscience and clinical medicine. Additionally, the simple execution of this method allows for cost-effective and efficient experimental assessment. This manuscript describes the synthesis and injection of Aβ42 peptides into zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | | | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | - Christos Papadimitriou
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association
| | | | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within Helmholtz Association; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), TU Dresden;
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19
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Habbsa S, McKinstry M, Bowman TV. “Sea”-ing Is Believing: In Vivo Imaging of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Cancer Using Zebrafish. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Mezzanotte L, van 't Root M, Karatas H, Goun EA, Löwik CWGM. In Vivo Molecular Bioluminescence Imaging: New Tools and Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:640-652. [PMID: 28501458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLi) is an optical molecular imaging technique used to visualize molecular and cellular processes in health and diseases and to follow the fate of cells with high sensitivity using luciferase-based gene reporters. The high sensitivity of this technique arises from efficient photon production, followed by the reaction between luciferase enzymes and luciferin substrates. Novel discoveries and developments of luciferase reporters, substrates, and gene-editing techniques, and emerging fields of applications, promise a new era of deeper and more sensitive molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Moniek van 't Root
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Goun
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Murugesan R, Girigoswami K. Lumbrokinase for degradation and reduction of amyloid fibrils associated with amyloidosis. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Murugesan R, Girigoswami K. In vitro and in vivo insulin amyloid degradation mediated by Serratiopeptidase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:728-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Astuti Y, Kramer AC, Blake AL, Blazar BR, Tolar J, Taisto ME, Lund TC. A Functional Bioluminescent Zebrafish Screen for Enhancing Hematopoietic Cell Homing. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 8:177-190. [PMID: 28041876 PMCID: PMC5233450 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover small molecules that modulate hematopoietic cell homing after adoptive transfer, we created a transgenic zebrafish expressing firefly luciferase downstream of the ubiquitin promoter (ubi:luc) to serve as a hematopoietic donor. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was used to detect and follow ubi:luc hematopoietic cells that homed to the marrow as early as 1 day post-transplant. BLI was able to detect the biological effect of prostaglandin E2 on early homing/engraftment of donor hematopoietic cells. This system was utilized in a functional screen of small molecules to enhance homing/engraftment. We discovered a phytosterol, ergosterol, that could increase hematopoietic cell homing in zebrafish and mice. In addition, ergosterol increased CXCR4 expression and promoted expansion of Lin−SCA-1+KIT+ cells in vitro. We have demonstrated the utility of in vivo BLI to non-invasively monitor donor hematopoietic cell activity in adult zebrafish as a functional screen for mediators of cellular homing. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) can track engrafting hematopoietic cells BLI can be used for screening of enhancers of hematopoietic cell homing Using BLI, ergosterol was found to increase hematopoietic cell homing Ergosterol affects hematopoietic progenitor migration, growth, and viability in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Astuti
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ashley C Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amanda L Blake
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mandy E Taisto
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota Medical School, MMC 366, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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24
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Avagyan S, Zon LI. Fish to Learn: Insights into Blood Development and Blood Disorders from Zebrafish Hematopoiesis. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:287-94. [PMID: 27018965 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction in early 1980s, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an invaluable vertebrate animal model system to study many human disorders in almost all systems, from hepatic and brain pathology, to autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. Hematopoiesis between zebrafish and mammals is highly conserved, making the zebrafish an attractive model to study hematopoietic development and blood disorders. Unique attributes of the zebrafish include the ability to perform large-scale genetic and chemical screens in vivo, study development at the cellular level, and use transgenic fish to dissect mechanisms of disease or drug effects. This review summarizes major discoveries that helped define molecular control of hematopoiesis in vertebrates and specific contributions from studies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serine Avagyan
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leonard I Zon
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts
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25
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Grillo M, Konstantinides N, Averof M. Old questions, new models: unraveling complex organ regeneration with new experimental approaches. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Huang M, Xu J, Shin CH. Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27214059 DOI: 10.3791/54002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading to cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction. Among multiple hepatic insults, alcohol abuse can lead to significant health problems including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the identity of endogenous cellular sources that regenerate hepatocytes in response to alcohol has not been properly investigated. Moreover, few studies have effectively modeled hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury. We recently reported on establishing an ethanol (EtOH)-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish in which hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) gave rise to hepatocytes upon near-complete hepatocyte loss in the presence of fibrogenic stimulus. Furthermore, through chemical screens using this model, we identified multiple small molecules that enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Here we describe in detail the procedures to develop an EtOH-induced fibrotic liver model and to perform chemical screens using this model in zebrafish. This protocol will be a critical tool to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how hepatocyte regenerates in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, these methods will facilitate potential discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver disease in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianbo Huang
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology;
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27
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Leone M, Magadum A, Engel FB. Cardiomyocyte proliferation in cardiac development and regeneration: a guide to methodologies and interpretations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1237-50. [PMID: 26342071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00559.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The newt and the zebrafish have the ability to regenerate many of their tissues and organs including the heart. Thus, a major goal in experimental medicine is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative capacity of these species. A wide variety of experiments have demonstrated that naturally occurring heart regeneration relies on cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, major efforts have been invested to induce proliferation of mammalian cardiomyocytes in order to improve cardiac function after injury or to protect the heart from further functional deterioration. In this review, we describe and analyze methods currently used to evaluate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, we summarize the literature on naturally occurring heart regeneration. Our analysis highlights that newt and zebrafish heart regeneration relies on factors that are also utilized in cardiomyocyte proliferation during mammalian fetal development. Most of these factors have, however, failed to induce adult mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, our analysis of mammalian neonatal heart regeneration indicates experiments that could resolve conflicting results in the literature, such as binucleation assays and clonal analysis. Collectively, cardiac regeneration based on cardiomyocyte proliferation is a promising approach for improving adult human cardiac function after injury, but it is important to elucidate the mechanisms arresting mammalian cardiomyocyte proliferation after birth and to utilize better assays to determine formation of new muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leone
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; and
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28
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Phillips JB, Westerfield M. Zebrafish models in translational research: tipping the scales toward advancements in human health. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:739-43. [PMID: 24973743 PMCID: PMC4073263 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomics and next-generation sequencing have provided clinical researchers with unprecedented opportunities to understand the molecular basis of human genetic disorders. This abundance of information places new requirements on traditional disease models, which have the potential to be used to confirm newly identified pathogenic mutations and test the efficacy of emerging therapies. The unique attributes of zebrafish are being increasingly leveraged to create functional disease models, facilitate drug discovery, and provide critical scientific bases for the development of new clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. In this short review and the accompanying poster, we highlight a few illustrative examples of the applications of the zebrafish model to the study of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Phillips
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1254, USA
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, 1254 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1254, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Transgenic animals have been indispensable in elucidating and deciphering mechanisms underlying various biological phenomena. In regeneration, transgenic animals expressing fluorescent protein genes have been crucial for identifying the source cells for regeneration and the mechanism of blastema formation. Animals are usually generated by manipulating their genome using various techniques at/in one cell embryo/fertilized egg stage. Here, we describe the generation of germline transgenic axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) using the I-SceI meganuclease and Tol2 transposase.
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30
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Abstract
The use of transgenics in fish is a relatively recent development for advancing understanding of genetic mechanisms and developmental processes, improving aquaculture, and for pharmaceutical discovery. Transgenic fish have also been applied in ecotoxicology where they have the potential to provide more advanced and integrated systems for assessing health impacts of chemicals. The zebrafish (Daniorerio) is the most popular fish for transgenic models, for reasons including their high fecundity, transparency of their embryos, rapid organogenesis and availability of extensive genetic resources. The most commonly used technique for producing transgenic zebrafish is via microinjection of transgenes into fertilized eggs. Transposon and meganuclease have become the most reliable methods for insertion of the genetic construct in the production of stable transgenic fish lines. The GAL4-UAS system, where GAL4 is placed under the control of a desired promoter and UAS is fused with a fluorescent marker, has greatly enhanced model development for studies in ecotoxicology. Transgenic fish have been developed to study for the effects of heavy metal toxicity (via heat-shock protein genes), oxidative stress (via an electrophile-responsive element), for various organic chemicals acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, thyroid and glucocorticoid response pathways, and estrogenicity. These models vary in their sensitivity with only very few able to detect responses for environmentally relevant exposures. Nevertheless, the potential of these systems for analyses of chemical effects in real time and across multiple targets in intact organisms is considerable. Here we illustrate the techniques used for generating transgenic zebrafish and assess progress in the development and application of transgenic fish (principally zebrafish) for studies in environmental toxicology. We further provide a viewpoint on future development opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhyun Lee
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, Devon , UK
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31
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Kikuchi K. Advances in understanding the mechanism of zebrafish heart regeneration. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:542-55. [PMID: 25127427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart was once believed to be a post-mitotic organ without any capacity for regeneration, but recent findings have challenged this dogma. A modified view assigns the mammalian heart a measurable capacity for regeneration throughout its lifetime, with the implication that endogenous regenerative capacity can be therapeutically stimulated in the injury setting. Although extremely limited in adult mammals, the natural capacity for organ regeneration is a conserved trait in certain vertebrates. Urodele amphibians and teleosts are well-known examples of such animals that can efficiently regenerate various organs including the heart as adults. By understanding how these animals regenerate a damaged heart, one might obtain valuable insights into how regeneration can be augmented in injured human hearts. Among the regenerative vertebrate models, the teleost zebrafish, Danio rerio, is arguably the best characterized with respect to cardiac regenerative responses. Knowledge is still limited, but a decade of research in this model has led to results that may help to understand how cardiac regeneration is naturally stimulated and maintained. This review surveys recent advances in the field and discusses current understanding of the endogenous mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Kikuchi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
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32
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Kamei CN, Drummond IA. Zebrafish as a Model for Studying Kidney Regeneration. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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