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Chen F, Pu S, Tian L, Zhang H, Zhou H, Yan Y, Hu X, Wu Q, Chen X, Cheng SH, Xu S. Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata promoted zebrafish fin regeneration through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent autophagy. J Ethnopharmacol 2024:118272. [PMID: 38710459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
HEADINGS ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), a staple in traditional Chinese medicine, is derived from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch and is renowned for its wound-healing properties. Despite its clinical prevalence, the molecular mechanisms underlying RRP's wound-healing effects have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This research endeavored to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RRP on wound healing, utilizing a zebrafish model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish larvae at 3 days post-fertilization were amputated at the fin and subsequently treated with RRP. The pro-wound healing and regenerative effects of RRP were evaluated through morphological analysis, assessment of cell proliferation and apoptosis, Additionally, mechanistic insights were gained through a comprehensive approach encompassing network pharmacology analysis, cell tracing, RNA-sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and pharmacological inhibition. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that RRP significantly accelerates caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish following injury by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting cell proliferation, and upregulating the expression of regenerative-related genes. Furthermore, RRP triggers autophagy signals during the regenerative process, which is attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Notably, the administration of RRP enhances the expression of ahr1 and ahr2 in the regenerating fin. Genetic knockout of ahr1a, ahr1b, or ahr2 using CRISPR/Cas9, or pharmacological blockade of AHR signals with the antagonist CH-223191, diminishes the regenerative potential of RRP. Remarkably, zebrafish lacking ahr2 completely lose their fin regeneration ability. Additionally, inhibition of AHR signaling suppresses autophagy signaling during fin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers that RRP stimulates fin regeneration in zebrafish by inducing AHR signals and, at least partially, activating the autophagy process. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the wound-healing effects of RRP and may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Chen
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixian Zhou
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Yijing Yan
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Vitargent (International) Biotechnology Limited, Unit 516, 5/F. Biotech Centre 2, No. 11 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shisan Xu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China; College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China.
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Mathavarajah S, Thompson AW, Stoyek MR, Quinn TA, Roy S, Braasch I, Dellaire G. Suppressors of cGAS-STING are downregulated during fin-limb regeneration and aging in aquatic vertebrates. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2024; 342:241-251. [PMID: 37877156 PMCID: PMC11043210 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of limb and fin regeneration in aquatic vertebrates (i.e., fishes and amphibians), blastema undergo transcriptional rewiring of innate immune signaling pathways to promote immune cell recruitment. In mammals, a fundamental component of innate immune signaling is the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, cGAS-STING. However, to what extent the cGAS-STING pathway influences regeneration in aquatic anamniotes is unknown. In jawed vertebrates, negative regulation of cGAS-STING activity is accomplished by suppressors of cytosolic DNA such as Trex1, Pml, and PML-like exon 9 (Plex9) exonucleases. Here, we examine the expression of these suppressors of cGAS-STING, as well as inflammatory genes and cGAS activity during caudal fin and limb regeneration using the spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) and axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) model species, and during age-related senescence in zebrafish (Danio rerio). In the regenerative blastema of wounded gar and axolotl, we observe increased inflammatory gene expression, including interferon genes and interleukins 6 and 8. We also observed a decrease in axolotl Trex1 and gar pml expression during the early phases of wound healing which correlates with a dramatic increase in cGAS activity. In contrast, the plex9.1 gene does not change in expression during wound healing in gar. However, we observed decreased expression of plex9.1 in the senescing cardiac tissue of aged zebrafish, where 2'3'-cGAMP levels are elevated. Finally, we demonstrate a similar pattern of Trex1, pml, and plex9.1 gene regulation across species in response to exogenous 2'3'-cGAMP. Thus, during the early stages of limb-fin regeneration, Pml, Trex1, and Plex9.1 exonucleases are downregulated, presumably to allow an evolutionarily ancient cGAS-STING activity to promote inflammation and the recruitment of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew W. Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew R. Stoyek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - T. Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ingo Braasch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Ando K, Ou J, Thompson JD, Welsby J, Bangru S, Shen J, Wei X, Diao Y, Poss KD. A screen for regeneration-associated silencer regulatory elements in zebrafish. Dev Cell 2024; 59:676-691.e5. [PMID: 38290519 PMCID: PMC10939760 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration involves gene expression changes explained in part by context-dependent recruitment of transcriptional activators to distal enhancers. Silencers that engage repressive transcriptional complexes are less studied than enhancers and more technically challenging to validate, but they potentially have profound biological importance for regeneration. Here, we identified candidate silencers through a screening process that examined the ability of DNA sequences to limit injury-induced gene expression in larval zebrafish after fin amputation. A short sequence (s1) on chromosome 5 near several genes that reduce expression during adult fin regeneration could suppress promoter activity in stable transgenic lines and diminish nearby gene expression in knockin lines. High-resolution analysis of chromatin organization identified physical associations of s1 with gene promoters occurring preferentially during fin regeneration, and genomic deletion of s1 elevated the expression of these genes after fin amputation. Our study provides methods to identify "tissue regeneration silencer elements" (TRSEs) with the potential to reduce unnecessary or deleterious gene expression during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Ando
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John D Thompson
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John Welsby
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingwen Shen
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Fleischhauer L, López-Delgado AC, Geurtzen K, Knopf F. Glucocorticoid effects in the regenerating fin reflect tissue homeostasis disturbances in zebrafish by affecting Wnt signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122351. [PMID: 37334313 PMCID: PMC10273277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As a treatment for various immune-mediated diseases, the use of glucocorticoids as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents is common practice. However, their use is severely hampered by the risk of the development of adverse effects such as secondary osteoporosis, skin atrophy, and peptic ulcer formation. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying those adverse effects, which involve most major organ systems, are not yet fully understood. Therefore, their investigation is of great importance to improve treatment regimens for patients. Here, we investigated the effects of the glucocorticoid prednisolone on cell proliferation and Wnt signaling in homeostatic skin and intestinal tissue and compared them to the anti-regenerative effects in zebrafish fin regeneration. We also investigated a potential recovery from the glucocorticoid treatment and the impact of short-term treatment with prednisolone. We identified a dampening effect of prednisolone on Wnt signaling and proliferation in highly proliferative tissues, namely the skin and intestine, as well as reduced fin regenerate length and Wnt reporter activity in the fin. The presence of the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf1 was enhanced in prednisolone treated skin tissue. A decreased number of mucous producing goblet cells was observed in the intestine of prednisolone treated zebrafish. Unexpectedly, proliferation in bone forming osteoblasts of the skull, homeostatic scales, as well as the brain was not decreased, opposite to the observed effects in the skin, fin, and intestine. Short-term treatment with prednisolone for a few days did not significantly alter fin regenerate length, skin cell proliferation, intestinal leukocyte number and proliferation of intestinal crypt cells. However, it affected the number of mucous-producing goblet cells in the gut. Likewise, discontinuation of prednisolone treatment for a few days saved the skin and intestine from a significant reduction of skin and intestinal cell proliferation, intestinal leukocyte number and regenerate length, but did not rescue goblet cell number. The suppressive effects of glucocorticoids in highly proliferative tissues may be relevant in the context of their therapeutic applications in patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fleischhauer
- CRTD – Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra Cristina López-Delgado
- CRTD – Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- CRTD – Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Franziska Knopf
- CRTD – Center for Regenerative Therapies, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Tonelli F, Leoni L, Daponte V, Gioia R, Cotti S, Fiedler IAK, Larianova D, Willaert A, Coucke PJ, Villani S, Busse B, Besio R, Rossi A, Witten PE, Forlino A. Zebrafish Tric-b is required for skeletal development and bone cells differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1002914. [PMID: 36755921 PMCID: PMC9899828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1002914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trimeric intracellular potassium channels TRIC-A and -B are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane proteins, involved in the regulation of calcium release mediated by ryanodine (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3Rs) receptors, respectively. While TRIC-A is mainly expressed in excitable cells, TRIC-B is ubiquitously distributed at moderate level. TRIC-B deficiency causes a dysregulation of calcium flux from the ER, which impacts on multiple collagen specific chaperones and modifying enzymatic activity, leading to a rare form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI Type XIV). The relevance of TRIC-B on cell homeostasis and the molecular mechanism behind the disease are still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we exploited zebrafish to elucidate the role of TRIC-B in skeletal tissue. We demonstrated, for the first time, that tmem38a and tmem38b genes encoding Tric-a and -b, respectively are expressed at early developmental stages in zebrafish, but only the latter has a maternal expression. Two zebrafish mutants for tmem38b were generated by CRISPR/Cas9, one carrying an out of frame mutation introducing a premature stop codon (tmem38b-/- ) and one with an in frame deletion that removes the highly conserved KEV domain (tmem38bΔ120-7/Δ120-7 ). In both models collagen type I is under-modified and partially intracellularly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, as described in individuals affected by OI type XIV. Tmem38b-/- showed a mild skeletal phenotype at the late larval and juvenile stages of development whereas tmem38bΔ120-7/Δ120-7 bone outcome was limited to a reduced vertebral length at 21 dpf. A caudal fin regeneration study pointed towards impaired activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts associated with mineralization impairment. DISCUSSION Our data support the requirement of Tric-b during early development and for bone cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Daponte
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cotti
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center of Medical Genetics, Ghent University-University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simona Villani
- Department of Public Health and Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Besio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Forlino,
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Cardeira-da-Silva J, Bensimon-Brito A, Tarasco M, Brandão AS, Rosa JT, Borbinha J, Almeida PJ, Jacinto A, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ, Stainier DYR, Laizé V. Fin ray branching is defined by TRAP(+) osteolytic tubules in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209231119. [PMID: 36417434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209231119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The shaping of bone structures relies on various cell types and signaling pathways. Here, we use the zebrafish bifurcating fin rays during regeneration to investigate bone patterning. We found that the regenerating fin rays form via two mineralization fronts that undergo an osteoblast-dependent fusion/stitching until the branchpoint, and that bifurcation is not simply the splitting of one unit into two. We identified tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteolytic tubular structures at the branchpoints, hereafter named osteolytic tubules (OLTs). Chemical inhibition of their bone-resorbing activity strongly impairs ray bifurcation, indicating that OLTs counteract the stitching process. Furthermore, by testing different osteoactive compounds, we show that the position of the branchpoint depends on the balance between bone mineralization and resorption activities. Overall, these findings provide a unique perspective on fin ray formation and bifurcation, and reveal a key role for OLTs in defining the proximo-distal position of the branchpoint.
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Nakajima W, Nakanishi S, Hosoya R, Uemoto T, Ohgo S, Wada N. Regenerative Polarity of the Fin Ray in Zebrafish Caudal Fin and Related Tissue Formation on the Cut Surface. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:50. [PMID: 34842743 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish caudal fin rays are used as a model system for regeneration because of their high regenerative ability, but studies on the regeneration polarity of the fin ray are limited. To investigate this regeneration polarity, we made a hole to excise part of the fin ray and analyzed the regeneration process. We confirmed that the fin rays always regenerated from the proximal margin toward the distal margin, as previously reported; however, regeneration-related genes were expressed at both the proximal and distal edges of the hole in the early stage of regeneration, suggesting that the regenerative response also occurs at the distal edge. One difference between the proximal and distal margins is a sheet-like tissue that is formed on the apical side of the regenerated tissue at the proximal margin. This sheet-like tissue was not observed at the distal edge. To investigate whether the distal margin was also capable of forming this sheet-like tissue and subsequent regeneration, we kept the distal margin separated from the proximal margin by manipulation. Consequently, the sheet-like tissue was formed at the distal margin and regeneration of the fin ray was also induced. The regenerated fin rays from the distal margin protruded laterally from the caudal fin and then bent distally, and their ends showed the same characteristics as those of the normal fin rays. These results suggest that fin rays have an ability to regenerate in both directions; however, under normal conditions, regeneration is restricted to the proximal margin because the sheet-like tissue is preferentially formed on the apical side of the regenerating tissue from the proximal margin.
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Cao Z, Meng Y, Gong F, Xu Z, Liu F, Fang M, Zou L, Liao X, Wang X, Luo L, Li X, Lu H. Calcineurin controls proximodistal blastema polarity in zebrafish fin regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2009539118. [PMID: 33376206 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009539118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Planarian flatworms regenerate their heads and tails from anterior or posterior wounds and this regenerative blastema polarity is controlled by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It is well known that a regeneration blastema of appendages of vertebrates such as fish and amphibians grows distally. However, it remains unclear whether a regeneration blastema in vertebrate appendages can grow proximally. Here, we show that a regeneration blastema in zebrafish fins can grow proximally along the proximodistal axis by calcineurin inhibition. We used fin excavation in adult zebrafish to observe unidirectional regeneration from the anterior cut edge (ACE) to the posterior cut edge (PCE) of the cavity and this unidirectional regeneration polarity occurs as the PCE fails to build blastemas. Furthermore, we found that calcineurin activities in the ACE were greater than in the PCE. Calcineurin inhibition induced PCE blastemas, and calcineurin hyperactivation suppressed fin regeneration. Collectively, these findings identify calcineurin as a molecular switch to specify the PCE blastema of the proximodistal axis and regeneration polarity in zebrafish fin.
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Cavanah P, Itou J, Rusman Y, Tahara N, Williams JM, Salomon CE, Kawakami Y. A nontoxic fungal natural product modulates fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae upstream of FGF-WNT developmental signaling. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:160-174. [PMID: 32857425 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regeneration of larvae zebrafish fin emerged as a new model of regeneration in the last decade. In contrast to genetic tools to study fin regeneration, chemical probes to modulate and interrogate regeneration processes are not well developed. RESULTS We set up a zebrafish larvae fin regeneration assay system and tested activities of natural product compounds and extracts, prepared from various microbes. Colomitide C, a recently isolated product from a fungus obtained from Antarctica, inhibited larvae fin regeneration. Using fluorescent reporter transgenic lines, we show that colomitide C inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and WNT/β-catenin signaling, which were activated after larvae fin amputation. By using the endothelial cell reporter line and immunofluorescence, we showed that colomitide C did not affect migration of the blood vessel and nerve into the injured larvae fin. Colomitide C did not show any cytotoxic activities when tested against FGF receptor-amplified human cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Colomitide C, a natural product, modulated larvae fin regeneration likely acting upstream of FGF and WNT signaling. Colomitide C may serve as a template for developing new chemical probes to study regeneration and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cavanah
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Junji Itou
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yudi Rusman
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica M Williams
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine E Salomon
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Sanz-Morejón A, García-Redondo AB, Reuter H, Marques IJ, Bates T, Galardi-Castilla M, Große A, Manig S, Langa X, Ernst A, Piragyte I, Botos MA, González-Rosa JM, Ruiz-Ortega M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Englert C, Mercader N. Wilms Tumor 1b Expression Defines a Pro-regenerative Macrophage Subtype and Is Required for Organ Regeneration in the Zebrafish. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1296-1306.e6. [PMID: 31365871 PMCID: PMC6685527 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ regeneration is preceded by the recruitment of innate immune cells, which play an active role during repair and regrowth. Here, we studied macrophage subtypes during organ regeneration in the zebrafish, an animal model with a high regenerative capacity. We identified a macrophage subpopulation expressing Wilms tumor 1b (wt1b), which accumulates within regenerating tissues. This wt1b+ macrophage population exhibited an overall pro-regenerative gene expression profile and different migratory behavior compared to the remainder of the macrophages. Functional studies showed that wt1b regulates macrophage migration and retention at the injury area. Furthermore, wt1b-null mutant zebrafish presented signs of impaired macrophage differentiation, delayed fin growth upon caudal fin amputation, and reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation following cardiac injury that correlated with altered macrophage recruitment to the regenerating areas. We describe a pro-regenerative macrophage subtype in the zebrafish and a role for wt1b in organ regeneration. Wt1b+ macrophages reveal a pro-regenerative gene expression prolife Wt1b controls migration behavior of macrophages during fin and heart regeneration Wt1b regulates differentiation of macrophages in the kidney marrow wt1b mutants reveal impaired fin and heart regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sanz-Morejón
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-Hospital La Paz, Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanna Reuter
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Inês J Marques
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bates
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Große
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Manig
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Xavier Langa
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ernst
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Indre Piragyte
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-Hospital La Paz, Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IIS-Hospital La Paz, Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Englert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Li L, Zhang J, Akimenko MA. Inhibition of mmp13a during zebrafish fin regeneration disrupts fin growth, osteoblasts differentiation, and Laminin organization. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:187-198. [PMID: 31487071 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases 13 (MMP13) is a potent endopeptidase that regulate cell growth, migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. However, its role in fin regeneration remains unclear. RESULTS mmp13a expression is strongly upregulated during blastema formation and persists in the distal blastema. mmp13a knockdown via morpholino electroporation impairs regenerative outgrowth by decreasing cell proliferation, which correlates with a downregulation of fgf10a and sall4 expression in the blastema. Laminin distribution in the basement membrane is also affected in mmp13a MO-injected rays. Another impact of mmp13a knockdown is observed in the skeletal elements of the fin rays. Expression of two main components of actinotrichia, Collagen II and Actinodin 1 is highly reduced in mmp13a MO-injected rays leading to highly disorganized actinotrichia pattern. Inhibition of mmp13a strongly affects bone formation as shown by a reduction of Zns5 and sp7 expression and of bone matrix mineralization in rays. These defects are accompanied by a significant increase in apoptosis in mmp13a MO-injected fin regenerates. CONCLUSION Defects of expression of this multifunctional proteinase drastically affects osteoblast differentiation, bone and actinotrichia formation as well as Laminin distribution in the basement membrane of the fin regenerate, suggesting the important role of Mmp13 during the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,CAREG, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jing Zhang
- CAREG, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- CAREG, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Schmidt JR, Geurtzen K, von Bergen M, Schubert K, Knopf F. Glucocorticoid Treatment Leads to Aberrant Ion and Macromolecular Transport in Regenerating Zebrafish Fins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:674. [PMID: 31636606 PMCID: PMC6787175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term glucocorticoid administration in patients undergoing immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatment is accompanied by impaired bone formation and increased fracture risk. Furthermore, glucocorticoid treatment can lead to impaired wound healing and altered cell metabolism. Recently, we showed that exposure of zebrafish to the glucocorticoid prednisolone during fin regeneration impacts negatively on the length, bone formation, and osteoblast function of the regenerate. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of impairment, however, remain incompletely understood. In order to further elucidate the anti-regenerative effects of continued glucocorticoid exposure on fin tissues, we performed proteome profiling of fin regenerates undergoing prednisolone treatment, in addition to profiling of homeostatic fin tissue and fins undergoing undisturbed regeneration. By using LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) we identified more than 6,000 proteins across all tissue samples. In agreement with previous reports, fin amputation induces changes in chromatin structure and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition within the tissue. Notably, prednisolone treatment leads to impaired expression of selected ECM components in the fin regenerate. Moreover, the function of ion transporting ATPases and other proteins involved in macromolecule and vesicular transport mechanisms of the cell appears to be altered by prednisolone treatment. In particular, acidification of membrane-enclosed organelles such as lysosomes is inhibited. Taken together, our data indicate that continued synthetic glucocorticoid exposure in zebrafish deteriorates cellular trafficking processes in the regenerating fin, which interferes with appropriate tissue restoration upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R. Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kristin Schubert
| | - Franziska Knopf
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Franziska Knopf
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13
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Allen PJ, Baumgartner W, Brinkman E, DeVries RJ, Stewart HA, Aboagye DL, Ramee SW, Ciaramella MA, Culpepper CM, Petrie-Hanson L. Fin healing and regeneration in sturgeon. J Fish Biol 2018; 93:917-930. [PMID: 30198116 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectoral fin healing in fin spines and rays were examined in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus following three different sampling techniques (n = 8-9 fish per treatment): entire leading fin spine removed, a 1-2 cm portion removed near the point of articulation, or a 1-2 cm portion removed from a secondary fin ray. Also, to determine whether antibiotic treatment influences healing, an additional group of fish (n = 8) was not given an injection of an oxytetracycline (OTC)-based antibiotic following removal of the entire leading fin spine. Following fin sampling, fish from different treatments were mixed equally between three large (4,000 I) recirculating systems and fin-ray healing and mortality were monitored over a 12 month period. To assess healing, blood samples were collected at 4 months to measure immune system responses, radiographs were taken at 4, 8 and 12 months to assess the degree of calcification in regions of damaged fins and fins were analyzed histologically at 12 months. Fish grew from a mean weight of 1.8 to 3.2 kg during the experiment and survival was near 100% in all treatments, with only one fish dying of unknown causes. Leukocyte counts, an indication of health status and survival were similar among treatments and in groups with or without antibiotic injection. Radiographs revealed mineralization took longer in fish with the entire leading fin spine removed and was the slowest near the point of articulation, presumably due to the greater structural support for the pectoral fin at this location. Histological sampling indicated spines and rays had similar healing patterns. Following injury, an orderly matrix of collagen bundles and many evenly spaced scleroblasts were present, transitioning to Sharpey fibres, with concentric layers forming lamellar bone. Healing and mineralization were characterized as periosteal osteogenesis and included embedded osteocytes surrounded by an osteoid seam. Chondroid formation was apparent in a few fractures not associated with treatments. The duration of time for external wound healing and internal mineralization of spines and rays depended on the fin treatment, with the slowest healing observed in fish with the most tissue removed, the entire leading fin spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Allen
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Erin Brinkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Robert J DeVries
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Heather A Stewart
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Daniel L Aboagye
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Shane W Ramee
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Michael A Ciaramella
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Charlie M Culpepper
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forest Resources, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Lora Petrie-Hanson
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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14
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Murciano C, Cazorla-Vázquez S, Gutiérrez J, Hijano JA, Ruiz-Sánchez J, Mesa-Almagro L, Martín-Reyes F, Fernández TD, Marí-Beffa M. Widening control of fin inter-rays in zebrafish and inferences about actinopterygian fins. J Anat 2018; 232:783-805. [PMID: 29441573 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The amputation of a teleost fin rapidly triggers an intricate maze of hierarchically regulated signalling processes which ultimately reconstruct the diverse tissues of the appendage. Whereas the generation of the fin pattern along the proximodistal axis brings with it several well-known developmental regulators, the mechanisms by which the fin widens along its dorsoventral axis remain poorly understood. Utilizing the zebrafish as an experimental model of fin regeneration and studying more than 1000 actinopterygian species, we hypothesized a connection between specific inter-ray regulatory mechanisms and the morphological variability of inter-ray membranes found in nature. To tackle these issues, both cellular and molecular approaches have been adopted and our results suggest the existence of two distinguishable inter-ray areas in the zebrafish caudal fin, a marginal and a central region. The present work associates the activity of the cell membrane potassium channel kcnk5b, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and the sonic hedgehog pathway to the control of several cell functions involved in inter-ray wound healing or dorsoventral regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. This ray-dependent regulation controls cell migration, cell-type patterning and gene expression. The possibility that modifications of these mechanisms are responsible for phenotypic variations found in euteleostean species, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Murciano
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Salvador Cazorla-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Hijano
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Josefa Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Mesa-Almagro
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Marí-Beffa
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Málaga, Spain
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15
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Wehner D, Weidinger G. Signaling networks organizing regenerative growth of the zebrafish fin. Trends Genet 2015; 31:336-43. [PMID: 25929514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, adult salamanders and fish can completely regenerate their appendages after amputation. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this fascinating phenomenon are beginning to emerge, including substantial progress in the identification of signals that control regenerative growth of the zebrafish caudal fin. Despite the fairly simple architecture of the fin, the regulation of its regeneration is complex. Many signals, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), retinoic acid (RA), Notch, bone morphogenic protein (BMP), activin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), are required for regeneration. Much work needs to be done to dissect tissue-specific functions of these pathways and how they interact, but Wnt/β-catenin signaling is already emerging as a central player. Surprisingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to largely indirectly control epidermal patterning, progenitor cell proliferation, and osteoblast maturation via regulation of a multitude of secondary signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wehner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Hirose K, Shimoda N, Kikuchi Y. Transient reduction of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with active DNA demethylation during regeneration of zebrafish fin. Epigenetics 2013; 8:899-906. [PMID: 23880758 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dedifferentiation, transformation of differentiated cells into progenitor cells, is a critical step in the regeneration of amphibians and fish, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, including epigenetic changes, remain unclear. Dot blot assays and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that, during regeneration of zebrafish fin, the levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are transiently reduced in blastema cells and cells adjacent to the amputation plane at 30 h post-amputation (hpa), and the level of 5mC, but not 5hmC, is almost restored by 72 hpa. We observed that the dedifferentiated cells showed reduced levels of 5mC and 5hmC independent of cell proliferation by 24 hpa. Furthermore, expressions of the proposed demethylation- and DNA repair-related genes were detected during fin regeneration. Taken together, our findings illustrate that the transient reduction of 5mC and 5hmC in dedifferentiated cells is associated with active demethylation during regeneration of zebrafish fin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hirose
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima, Japan
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