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Vogenstahl J, Parrilla M, Acker-Palmer A, Segarra M. Vascular Regulation of Developmental Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890852. [PMID: 35573692 PMCID: PMC9099230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary studies indicate that the nervous system evolved prior to the vascular system, but the increasing complexity of organisms prompted the vascular system to emerge in order to meet the growing demand for oxygen and nutrient supply. In recent years, it has become apparent that the symbiotic communication between the nervous and the vascular systems goes beyond the exclusive covering of the demands on nutrients and oxygen carried by blood vessels. Indeed, this active interplay between both systems is crucial during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Several neural-derived signals that initiate and regulate the vascularization of the CNS have been described, however less is known about the vascular signals that orchestrate the development of the CNS cytoarchitecture. Here, we focus on reviewing the effects of blood vessels in the process of neurogenesis during CNS development in vertebrates. In mammals, we describe the spatiotemporal features of vascular-driven neurogenesis in two brain regions that exhibit different neurogenic complexity in their germinal zone, the hindbrain and the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vogenstahl
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marta Parrilla
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amparo Acker-Palmer, ; Marta Segarra,
| | - Marta Segarra
- Neuro and Vascular Guidance Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS) and Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amparo Acker-Palmer, ; Marta Segarra,
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2
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Wang J, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Feng R, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Sun K, Chen AF, Lu Y, Yu Y. HMGA2 contributes to vascular development and sprouting angiogenesis by promoting IGFBP2 production. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112831. [PMID: 34547256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels form from preexisting vessels and regulates the processes of embryonic development, wound healing and tumorigenesis. HMGA2 is involved in the occurrence of several cancers, but its biological role and the exact downstream genes involved in vascular development and sprouting angiogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we first found that HMGA2 knockdown in zebrafish embryos resulted in defects of central artery formation. RNA sequencing revealed that IGFBP2 was significantly downregulated by interference with HMGA2, and IGFBP2 overexpression reversed the inhibition of brain vascular development caused by HMGA2 deficiency. In vitro, we further found that HMGA2 knockdown blocked the migration, tube formation and branching of HUVECs. Similarly, IGFBP2 protein overexpression attenuated the impairments induced by HMGA2 deficiency. Moreover, the promotion of angiogenesis by HMGA2 overexpression was verified in a Matrigel plug assay. We next found that HMGA2 bound directly to a region in the IGFBP2 promoter and positively regulated IGFBP2 expression. Interestingly, the mRNA expression levels of HMGA2 and IGFBP2 were increased significantly in the peripheral blood of hemangioma patients, indicating that overexpression of HMGA2 and IGFBP2 results in vessel formation, consistent with the results of the in vivo and in vitro experiments. In summary, our findings demonstrate that HMGA2 promotes central artery formation by modulating angiogenesis via IGFBP2 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Children Medicine Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinhua Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yu Yu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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3
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Papantonis A. HMGs as rheostats of chromosomal structure and cell proliferation. Trends Genet 2021; 37:986-994. [PMID: 34311989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group proteins (HMGs) are the most abundant nuclear proteins next to histones and are robustly expressed across tissues and organs. HMGs can uniquely bend or bind distorted DNA, and are central to such processes as transcription, recombination, and DNA repair. However, their dynamic association with chromatin renders capturing HMGs on chromosomes challenging. Recent work has changed this and now implicates these factors in spatial genome organization. Here, I revisit older and review recent literature to describe how HMGs rewire spatial chromatin interactions to sustain homeostasis or promote cellular aging. I propose a 'rheostat' model to explain how HMG-box proteins (HMGBs), and to some extent HMG A proteins (HMGAs), may control cellular aging and, likely, cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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Frasson LT, Dalmaso B, Akamine PS, Kimura ET, Hamassaki DE, Del Debbio CB. Let-7, Lin28 and Hmga2 Expression in Ciliary Epithelium and Retinal Progenitor Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:31. [PMID: 33749722 PMCID: PMC7991968 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ciliary epithelium (CE) of adult mammalian eyes contains quiescent retinal progenitor/stem cells that generate neurospheres in vitro and differentiate into retinal neurons. This ability doesn't evolve efficiently probably because of regulatory mechanisms, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that control pluripotent, progenitor, and differentiation genes. Here we investigate the presence of Let-7 miRNAs and its regulator and target, Lin28 and Hmga2, in CE cells from neurospheres, newborns, and adult tissues. Methods Newborn and adult rats CE cells were dissected into pigmented and nonpigmented epithelium (PE and NPE). Newborn PE cells were cultured with growth factors to form neurospheres and we analyzed Let-7, Lin28a, and Hmga2 expression. During the neurospheres formation, we added chemically modified single-stranded oligonucleotides designed to bind and inhibit or mimic endogenous mature Let-7b and Let-7c. After seven days in culture, we analyzed neurospheres size, number and expression of Let-7, Lin28, and Hmga2. Results Let-7 miRNAs were expressed at low rates in newborn CE cells with significant increase in adult tissues, with higher levels on NPE cells, that does not present the stem cells reprogramming ability. The Lin28a and Hmga2 protein and transcripts were more expressed in newborns than adults cells, opposed to Let-7. Neurospheres presented higher Lin28 and Hmga2 expression than newborn and adult, but similar Let-7 than newborns. Let-7b inhibitor upregulated Hmga2 expression, whereas Let-7c mimics upregulated Lin28 and downregulated Hmga2. Conclusions This study shows the dynamic of Lin28-Let-7-Hmga regulatory axis in CE cells. These components may develop different roles during neurospheres formation and postnatal CE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Teixeira Frasson
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Dalmaso
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Sayami Akamine
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dânia Emi Hamassaki
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Wang YD, Mao JD, Wang JF, Xu MQ. MiR-590 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer by Targeting High Mobility Group A2. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 19:1533033820928143. [PMID: 32588766 PMCID: PMC7325540 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820928143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a common malignancy with high morbidity. MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to be critical posttranscriptional regulators in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA-590 on the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of microRNA-590 and high mobility group AT-hook 2 were examined in clinical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line Capan-2 was employed and transfected with microRNA-590 mimics or inhibitor. The correlation between microRNA-590 and high mobility group AT-hook 2 was verified by luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry assay. The protein level of high mobility group AT-hook 2, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS MicroRNA-590 was found to be negatively correlated with the expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. Further studies identified high mobility group AT-hook 2 as a direct target of microRNA-590. Moreover, overexpression of microRNA-590 downregulated expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2, reduced cell viability, and promoted cell apoptosis, while knockdown of miR-590 led to an inverse result. MicroRNA-590 also suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR without altering total AKT and mTOR levels. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that microRNA-590 negatively regulates the expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 in clinical specimens and in vitro. MicroRNA-590 can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. This regulatory effect of microRNA-590 may be associated with AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, microRNA-590 has the potential to be used as a biomarker for predicting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Wang
- Department of general surgery, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ding Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Jia-Ding Mao, Department of General Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Qi Xu
- Department of general surgery, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Sun Y, Chen H, Ye H, Liang W, Lam KK, Cheng B, Lu Y, Jiang C. Nudt21-mediated alternative polyadenylation of HMGA2 3'-UTR impairs stemness of human tendon stem cell. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18436-18452. [PMID: 32979259 PMCID: PMC7585117 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tendon-derived stem cells (TSCs) play a primary role in tendon physiology, pathology, as well as tendon repair and regeneration after injury. TSCs are often exposed to mechanical loading-related cellular stresses such as oxidative stress, resulting in loss of stemness and multipotent differentiation potential. Cytoprotective autophagy has previously been identified as an important mechanism to protect human TSCs (hTSCs) from oxidative stress induced impairments. In this study, we found that high-mobility AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) overexpression protects hTSCs against H2O2-induced loss of stemness through autophagy activation. Evidentially, H2O2 treatment increases the expression of Nudt21, a protein critical to polyadenylation site selection in alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNA transcripts. This leads to increased cleavage and polyadenylation of HMGA2 3'-UTR at the distal site, resulting in increased HMGA2 silencing by the microRNA let-7 and reduced HMGA2 expression. In conclusion, Nudt21-regulated APA of HMGA2 3'-UTR and subsequent HMGA2 downregulation mediates oxidative stress induced hTSC impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbai Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun-kuan Lam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Lu Wan Branch, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Chaoyin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haikou Orthopedic and Diabetes Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Hainan 570300, China
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7
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Evsen L, Li X, Zhang S, Razin S, Doetzlhofer A. let-7 miRNAs inhibit CHD7 expression and control auditory-sensory progenitor cell behavior in the developing inner ear. Development 2020; 147:147/15/dev183384. [PMID: 32816902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved lethal-7 (let-7) microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known activators of proliferative quiescence and terminal differentiation. However, in the murine auditory organ, let-7g overexpression delays the differentiation of mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs). To address whether the role of let-7 in auditory-sensory differentiation is conserved among vertebrates, we manipulated let-7 levels within the chicken auditory organ: the basilar papilla. Using a let-7 sponge construct to sequester let-7 miRNAs, we found that endogenous let-7 miRNAs are essential for limiting the self-renewal of HC progenitor cells. Furthermore, let-7b overexpression experiments revealed that, similar to mice, higher than normal let-7 levels slow/delay HC differentiation. Finally, we identify CHD7, a chromatin remodeler, as a candidate for mediating the repressive function of let-7 in HC differentiation and inner ear morphogenesis. Our analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved let-7-5p-binding site within the chicken Chd7 gene and its human and murine homologs, and we show that let-7g overexpression in mice limits CHD7 expression in the developing inner ear, retina and brain. Haploinsufficiency of CHD7 in humans causes CHARGE syndrome and attenuation of let-7 function may be an effective method for treating CHD7 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Evsen
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaojun Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuran Zhang
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sharjil Razin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angelika Doetzlhofer
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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8
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Kempfle JS, Luu NNC, Petrillo M, Al-Asad R, Zhang A, Edge ASB. Lin28 reprograms inner ear glia to a neuronal fate. Stem Cells 2020; 38:890-903. [PMID: 32246510 PMCID: PMC10908373 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is irreversible and can be caused by loss of auditory neurons. Regeneration of neural cells from endogenous cells may offer a future tool to restore the auditory circuit and to enhance the performance of implantable hearing devices. Neurons and glial cells in the peripheral nervous system are closely related and originate from a common progenitor. Prior work in our lab indicated that in the early postnatal mouse inner ear, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) expressing glial cells could act as progenitor cells for neurons in vitro. Here, we used a transgenic mouse model to transiently overexpress Lin28, a neural stem cell regulator, in Plp1-positive glial cells. Lin28 promoted proliferation and conversion of auditory glial cells into neurons in vitro. To study the effects of Lin28 on endogenous glial cells after loss of auditory neurons in vivo, we produced a model of auditory neuropathy by selectively damaging auditory neurons with ouabain. After neural damage was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response, we briefly upregulated the Lin28 in Plp1-expressing inner ear glial cells. One month later, we analyzed the cochlea for neural marker expression by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that transient Lin28 overexpression in Plp1-expressing glial cells induced expression of neural stem cell markers and subsequent conversion into neurons. This suggests the potential for inner ear glia to be converted into neurons as a regeneration therapy for neural replacement in auditory neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S. Kempfle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ngoc-Nhi C. Luu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- University Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reef Al-Asad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert S. B. Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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9
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The Mammalian High Mobility Group Protein AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2): Biochemical and Biophysical Properties, and Its Association with Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103710. [PMID: 32466162 PMCID: PMC7279267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian high-mobility-group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a small DNA-binding protein and consists of three “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs and a negatively charged C-terminal motif. It is a multifunctional nuclear protein directly linked to obesity, human height, stem cell youth, human intelligence, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical and biophysical studies showed that HMGA2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) and could form homodimers in aqueous buffer solution. The “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs specifically bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences and induce DNA-bending. HMGA2 plays an important role in adipogenesis most likely through stimulating the proliferative expansion of preadipocytes and also through regulating the expression of transcriptional factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at the clonal expansion step from preadipocytes to adipocytes. Current evidence suggests that a main function of HMGA2 is to maintain stemness and renewal capacity of stem cells by which HMGA2 binds to chromosome and lock chromosome into a specific state, to allow the human embryonic stem cells to maintain their stem cell potency. Due to the importance of HMGA2 in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis, HMGA2 is considered a potential therapeutic target for anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Efforts are taken to identify inhibitors targeting HMGA2.
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10
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Jiang D, Burger CA, Casasent A, Albrecht NE, Li F, Samuel MA. Spatiotemporal gene expression patterns reveal molecular relatedness between retinal laminae. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:729-755. [PMID: 31609468 PMCID: PMC7147688 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In several areas of the central nervous system, neurons are regionally organized into groups or layers that carry out specific activities. In this form of patterning, neurons of distinct types localize their cell bodies to just one or a few of the layers within a structure. However, little is known about whether diverse neuron types within a lamina share molecular features that coordinate their organization. To begin to identify such candidates, we used the laminated murine retina to screen 92 lacZ reporter lines available through the Knockout Mouse Project. Thirty-two of these displayed reporter expression in restricted subsets of inner retina neurons. We then identified the spatiotemporal expression patterns of these genes at key developmental stages. This uncovered several that were heavily enriched in development but reduced in adulthood, including the transcriptional regulator Hmga1. An additional set of genes displayed maturation associated laminar enrichment. Among these, we identified Bbox1 as a novel gene that specifically labels all neurons in the ganglion cell layer but is largely excluded from otherwise molecularly similar neurons in the inner retina. Finally, we established Dbn1 as a new marker enriched in amacrines and Fmnl3 as a marker for subsets of αRGCs. Together, these data provide a spatiotemporal map for laminae-specific molecules and suggest that diverse neuron types within a lamina share coordinating molecular features that may inform their fate or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Courtney A. Burger
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Anna Casasent
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nicholas E. Albrecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Melanie A. Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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11
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HMGA Genes and Proteins in Development and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020654. [PMID: 31963852 PMCID: PMC7013770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA (high mobility group A) (HMGA1 and HMGA2) are small non-histone proteins that can bind DNA and modify chromatin state, thus modulating the accessibility of regulatory factors to the DNA and contributing to the overall panorama of gene expression tuning. In general, they are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis, but are downregulated in the adult differentiated tissues. In the present review, we summarize some aspects of their role during development, also dealing with relevant studies that have shed light on their functioning in cell biology and with emerging possible involvement of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in evolutionary biology.
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12
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Ahmad I, Teotia P, Erickson H, Xia X. Recapitulating developmental mechanisms for retinal regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100824. [PMID: 31843569 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of specific retinal neurons in diseases like glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Currently, there is no therapy to modify the disease-associated degenerative changes. With the advancement in our knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the development of the vertebrate retina, the approach to treat blinding diseases through regenerative medicine appears a near possibility. Recapitulation of developmental mechanisms is critical for reproducibly generating cells in either 2D or 3D culture of pluripotent stem cells for retinal repair and disease modeling. It is the key for unlocking the neurogenic potential of Müller glia in the adult retina for therapeutic regeneration. Here, we examine the current status and potential of the regenerative medicine approach for the retina in the backdrop of developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Helen Erickson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
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13
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Xia X, Teotia P, Ahmad I. miR-29c regulates neurogliogenesis in the mammalian retina through REST. Dev Biol 2019; 450:90-100. [PMID: 30914322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, including its simple and accessible model retina, neurogenesis is followed by gliogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying the neurogliogenic switch remains poorly understood despite the identification of several regulatory genes, associated with the lineage identity and transition. The mechanism may involve cross talks between regulatory genes, facilitated through microRNAs. Here, we posit miR-29c as one of the regulatory miRNAs that may influence neuronal versus glial differentiation. We observed that the temporal patterns of miR-29c expression corresponded with late retinal histogenesis, the stage in the developing retina when neurogliogenic decision predominantly occurs. Examination of the effects of miR-29c on neurogliogenesis by the perturbation of function approach revealed that miR-29c preferentially facilitated differentiation of late RPCs into rod photoreceptors and bipolar cells, the late-born neurons, at the expense of Müller glia, the sole glia generated by retinal progenitor cells. We further observed that miR-29c facilitated neurogenesis and inhibited gliogenesis by regulating the expression of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), which encodes a transcriptional repressor of cell cycle regulators and neuronal genes. Thus, miR-29c may influence neurogliogenic decision in the developing retina by regulating the instructive out put of a molecular axis helmed by REST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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14
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Albrecht NE, Alevy J, Jiang D, Burger CA, Liu BI, Li F, Wang J, Kim SY, Hsu CW, Kalaga S, Udensi U, Asomugha C, Bohat R, Gaspero A, Justice MJ, Westenskow PD, Yamamoto S, Seavitt JR, Beaudet AL, Dickinson ME, Samuel MA. Rapid and Integrative Discovery of Retina Regulatory Molecules. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2506-2519. [PMID: 30157441 PMCID: PMC6170014 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal function relies on precisely organized neurons and synapses and a properly patterned vasculature to support them. Alterations in these features can result in vision loss. However, our understanding of retinal organization pathways remains incomplete because of a lack of methods to rapidly identify neuron and vasculature regulators in mammals. Here we developed a pipeline for the identification of neural and synaptic integrity genes by high-throughput retinal screening (INSiGHT) that analyzes candidate expression, vascular patterning, cellular organization, and synaptic arrangement. Using this system, we examined 102 mutant mouse lines and identified 16 unique retinal regulatory genes. Fifteen of these candidates are identified as novel retina regulators, and many (9 of 16) are associated with human neural diseases. These results expand the genetic landscape involved in retinal circuit organization and provide a road map for continued discovery of mammalian retinal regulators and disease-causing alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Albrecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney A Burger
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian I Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julia Wang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sowmya Kalaga
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Uchechukwu Udensi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chinwe Asomugha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angelina Gaspero
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica J Justice
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John R Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Alibardi L. Immunodetection of High Mobility Group Proteins in the regenerating tail of lizard mainly indicates activation for cell proliferation. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of BiologyUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
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16
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Xia X, Teotia P, Ahmad I. Lin28a regulates neurogliogenesis in mammalian retina through the Igf signaling. Dev Biol 2018; 440:113-128. [PMID: 29758178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system (CNS) the majority of neurons are born before the generation of glia. Emerging evidence implicates heterochronic gene, Lin28 in the temporal switch between two distinct lineages. However, the respective contributions of Lin28a and Lin28b in neurogliogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we have examined the relative involvement of Lin28a and Lin28b in mammalian retina, a simple and accessible CNS model where neurogliogenic decision largely occurs postnatally. Examination of Lin28a/b involvement during late histogenesis by the perturbation of function approaches revealed that while Lin28b did not influence differentiation in general Lin28a facilitated and antagonized the generation of neurons and glia, respectively. Silencing of Lin28a expression in vitro and its conditional deletion in vivo during early histogenesis led to premature generation of glia. The instructive role of Lin28a on neuronal differentiation was revealed by its influence to suppress glial-specific genes and directly differentiate glia along the neuronal lineage. This function of Lin28a is likely mediated through the Igf signaling, as inhibition of the pathway abrogated Lin28a-mediated neurogliogenesis. Thus, our observations suggest that Lin28a is an important intrinsic factor that acts in concert with cell-extrinsic factors like Igfs, coordinating the developmental bias of the progenitors and niche, respectively, for the successive generation of neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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17
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Zhao W, Geng D, Li S, Chen Z, Sun M. LncRNA HOTAIR influences cell growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis via the miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:842-855. [PMID: 29473328 PMCID: PMC5852357 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the regulatory effect of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis on breast cancer (BC) cell growth, cell mobility, invasiveness, and apoptosis. The microarray data of lncRNAs and mRNAs with differential expression in BC tissues were analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTAIR) expression in BC was assessed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was confirmed using MTT and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cell mobility and invasiveness were testified by transwell assay. RNA pull-down and dual luciferase assay were used for analysis of the correlation between lncRNA HOTAIR and miR-20a-5p, as well as relationship of miR-20a-5p with high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). Tumor xenograft study was applied to confirm the correlation of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis on BC development in vivo. The expression levels of the lncRNA HOTAIR were upregulated in BC tissues and cells. Knockdown lncRNA HOTAIR inhibited cell propagation and metastasis and facilitated cell apoptosis. MiR-20a-5p was a target of lncRNA HOTAIR and had a negative correlation with lncRNA HOTAIR. MiR-20a-5p overexpression in BC suppressed cell growth, mobility, and invasiveness and facilitated apoptosis. HMGA2 was a target of miR-20a-5p, which significantly induced carcinogenesis of BC. BC cells progression was mediated by lncRNA HOTAIR via affecting miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 in vivo. LncRNA HOTAIR affected cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis via the miR-20a-5p/HMGA2 axis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Donghua Geng
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Zhaofu Chen
- Department of UrologyShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of UrologyShengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical UniversityShenyang110004LiaoningChina
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18
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Ye ZH, Gui DW. miR‑539 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma by targeting high mobility group A2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5611-5618. [PMID: 29436648 PMCID: PMC5866001 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common urinary malignancies with a high rate of morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critical post-transcriptional regulators in tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miRNA (miR)-539 on the proliferation and apoptosis of RCC. The expression of miR-539 and high mobility group AT-hook 2(HMGA2) were examined in clinical RCC specimens. The 786-O RCC cell line was also used and was transfected with miR-539 mimics or inhibitors. The correlation between miR-539 and HMGA2 was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using MTT and flow cytometry assays. The protein levels of HMGA2, AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were analyzed using western blot analysis. The results revealed that miR-539 was negatively correlated with the expression of HMGA2 in clinical RCC specimens. Further experiments identified HMGA2 as a direct target of miR-539. The overexpression of miR-539 downregulated the expression of HMGA2, reduced cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, whereas the knockdown of miR-539 led to the opposite results. miR-539 also suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, without altering the levels of total AKT and mTOR. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that miR-539 negatively regulated the expression of HMGA2 in clinical specimens and in vitro. miR539 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in RCC cells. This regulatory effect of miR-539 may be associated with the AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, miR-539 may be used as a biomarker for predicting the progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Ye
- Department of Urology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Wen Gui
- Department of Urology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
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19
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Dillard C, Narbonne-Reveau K, Foppolo S, Lanet E, Maurange C. Two distinct mechanisms silence chinmo in Drosophila neuroblasts and neuroepithelial cells to limit their self-renewal. Development 2018; 145:dev.154534. [PMID: 29361557 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Whether common principles regulate the self-renewing potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) throughout the developing central nervous system is still unclear. In the Drosophila ventral nerve cord and central brain, asymmetrically dividing NSCs, called neuroblasts (NBs), progress through a series of sequentially expressed transcription factors that limits self-renewal by silencing a genetic module involving the transcription factor Chinmo. Here, we find that Chinmo also promotes neuroepithelium growth in the optic lobe during early larval stages by boosting symmetric self-renewing divisions while preventing differentiation. Neuroepithelium differentiation in late larvae requires the transcriptional silencing of chinmo by ecdysone, the main steroid hormone, therefore allowing coordination of neural stem cell self-renewal with organismal growth. In contrast, chinmo silencing in NBs is post-transcriptional and does not require ecdysone. Thus, during Drosophila development, humoral cues or tissue-intrinsic temporal specification programs respectively limit self-renewal in different types of neural progenitors through the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the same transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dillard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Karine Narbonne-Reveau
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Foppolo
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Elodie Lanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédric Maurange
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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20
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Zhang D, Shen B, Zhang Y, Ni N, Wang Y, Fan X, Sun H, Gu P. Betacellulin regulates the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:330-345. [PMID: 28922560 PMCID: PMC5742713 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) hold great potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. However, their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential towards specific retinal neurons are limited, which limit their future clinical applications. Thus, it is important to improve the RPCs’ ability to proliferate and differentiate. Currently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is commonly used to stimulate RPC growth in vitro. In this study, we find that betacellulin (BTC), a member of the EGF family, plays important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of RPCs. Our results showed that BTC can significantly promote the proliferation of RPCs more efficiently than EGF. EGF stimulated RPC proliferation through the EGFR/ErbB2‐Erk pathway, while BTC stimulated RPC proliferation more powerfully through the EGFR/ErbB2/ErbB4‐Akt/Erk pathway. Meanwhile, under differentiated conditions, the BTC‐pre‐treated RPCs were preferentially differentiated into retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, one of the most important types of cells for retinal cell replacement therapy, compared to the EGF‐pre‐treated RPCs. In addition, knockdown of endogenous BTC expression can also obviously promote RPC differentiation into retinal neuronal cells. This data demonstrate that BTC plays important roles in promoting RPC proliferation and differentiation into retinal neurons. This study may provide new insights into the study of RPC proliferation and differentiation and make a step towards the application of RPCs in the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Teotia P, Van Hook MJ, Wichman CS, Allingham RR, Hauser MA, Ahmad I. Modeling Glaucoma: Retinal Ganglion Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Patients with SIX6 Risk Allele Show Developmental Abnormalities. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2239-2252. [PMID: 28792678 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of multifactorial diseases with a unifying pathology of progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, causing irreversible vision loss. To test the hypothesis that RGCs are intrinsically vulnerable in glaucoma, we have developed an in vitro model using the SIX6 risk allele carrying glaucoma patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for generating functional RGCs. Here, we demonstrate that the efficiency of RGC generation by SIX6 risk allele iPSCs is significantly lower than iPSCs-derived from healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. The decrease in the number of RGC generation is accompanied by repressed developmental expression of RGC regulatory genes. The SIX6 risk allele RGCs display short and simple neurites, reduced expression of guidance molecules, and immature electrophysiological signature. In addition, these cells have higher expression of glaucoma-associated genes, CDKN2A and CDKN2B, suggesting an early onset of the disease phenotype. Consistent with the developmental abnormalities, the SIX6 risk allele RGCs display global dysregulation of genes which map on developmentally relevant biological processes for RGC differentiation and signaling pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin that integrate diverse functions for differentiation, metabolism, and survival. The results suggest that SIX6 influences different stages of RGC differentiation and their survival; therefore, alteration in SIX6 function due to the risk allele may lead to cellular and molecular abnormalities. These abnormalities, if carried into adulthood, may make RGCs vulnerable in glaucoma. Stem Cells 2017;35:2239-2252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Teotia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Matthew J Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher S Wichman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - R Rand Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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22
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Sun J, Sun B, Zhu D, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Dong X, Che N, Li J, Liu F, Zhao N, Zhang D, Liu T, Lin X. HMGA2 regulates CD44 expression to promote gastric cancer cell motility and sphere formation. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:260-274. [PMID: 28337375 PMCID: PMC5336500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a transcriptional modulator that mediates motility and self-renewal in cancer stem cells. Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. GC contains a population of stem-like cells that promote tumor invasion and resistance to therapy. In the current study, we investigated the expression of HMGA2 and the cancer stem cell marker CD44 in 200 GC samples and found that HMGA2 and CD44 were significantly associated with distant metastasis, histological differentiation and poor prognosis in GC patients. Positive clinical correlations of HMGA2 with CD44 were also observed in tissue sections. In vitro, overexpression of HMGA2 promoted GC sphere formation and migration in MKN74/MKN28 cells, whereas downregulation of HMGA2 decreased GC sphere formation and migration in MKN45/MGC803 cells. In addition, western blot and immunofluorescent analyses showed that HMGA2 increased the expression of the stem cell markers CD44, ALDH1, Sox2, and Oct4 and the EMT-related factors Snail and β-catenin. In a xenograft mouse model, overexpression of HMGA2 promoted tumor growth. Further immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that HMGA2 increased the expression of CD44 and β-catenin, resulting in the promotion of tumor growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that HMGA2 promotes GC cancer stem cell induction and cell motility by regulating the expression of CD44. Therefore, targeting HMGA2 in GC may be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300060, China
| | - Dongwang Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300060, China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300052, China
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23
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Xia X, Ahmad I. Unlocking the Neurogenic Potential of Mammalian Müller Glia. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:169-175. [PMID: 27572710 PMCID: PMC5155712 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) are the primary support cells in the vertebrate retina, regulating homeostasis in one of the most metabolically active tissues. In lower vertebrates such as fish, they respond to injury by proliferating and reprogramming to regenerate retinal neurons. In mammals, MG may also react to injury by proliferating, but they fail to initiate regeneration. The barriers to regeneration could be intrinsic to mammalian MG or the function of the niche that cannot support the MG reprogramming required for lineage conversion or both. Understanding these mechanisms in light of those being discovered in fish may lead to the formulation of strategies to unlock the neurogenic potential of MG and restore regeneration in the mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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24
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Na N, Si T, Huang Z, Miao B, Hong L, Li H, Qiu J, Qiu J. High expression of HMGA2 predicts poor survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7199-7205. [PMID: 27932890 PMCID: PMC5135408 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s116953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes and is upregulated in several tumors, but its role in renal carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HMGA2 and its relationship to the overall survival (OS) of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) following surgery. The expression of HMGA2 was evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 162 patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy in 2003 and 2004. An IHC analysis revealed that HMGA2 was expressed in the nuclei of tumor cells in 146 (90.1%) patients with ccRCC. The level of HMGA2 was positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and Fuhrman Grade. A Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test found that patients with high HMGA2 expression had a poor outcome and that patients with low HMGA2 expression had better survival. Cox regression analysis showed that HMGA2 expression could serve as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. The efficacy of the following prognostic models was improved when HMGA2 expression was added: tumor node metastasis stage, UCLA Integrated Scoring System, Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade, and necrosis score. In summary, this study showed that HMGA2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with ccRCC. HMGA2 was found to be a valuable biomarker for ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Tujie Si
- Department of Organ Transplant, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Liangqing Hong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Department of Organ Transplant, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Nalini V, Deepa PR, Raguraman R, Khetan V, Reddy MA, Krishnakumar S. Targeting HMGA2 in Retinoblastoma Cells in vitro Using the Aptamer Strategy. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2016; 2:262-269. [PMID: 27843907 DOI: 10.1159/000447300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein regulates retinoblastoma (RB) cancer cell proliferation. Here, a stable phosphorothioate-modified HMGA2 aptamer was used to block HMGA2 protein function in RB cells. HMGA2-aptamer internalisation in RB cells (Y79, Weri Rb1) and non-neoplastic human retinal cells (MIO-M1) were optimised. Aptamer induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in RB cancer cells (0.25-1.5 µM). Increased expression of TGFβ, SMAD4, CDH1, BAX, CASP 3, PARP mRNA and decreased SNAI1, Bcl2 mRNA levels in aptamer-treated RB cells suggests the activation of TGFβ-SMAD4-mediated apoptotic pathway. Synergistic effect with etoposide was observed in aptamer treated RB cells (p value ≤0.05). No significant toxicity was observed in non-neoplastic retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Nalini
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, The Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Perinkulam Ravi Deepa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, India
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, The Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Department of Vitreoretina and Oncology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Larsen & Toubro Ocular Pathology, The Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision & Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Genbacev O, Larocque N, Ona K, Prakobphol A, Garrido-Gomez T, Kapidzic M, Bárcena A, Gormley M, Fisher SJ. Integrin α4-positive human trophoblast progenitors: functional characterization and transcriptional regulation. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1300-14. [PMID: 27083540 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the functional characteristics and transcriptional regulators of human trophoblast progenitor cells (TBPCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER TBPC lines established from the human smooth chorion by cell sorting for integrin α4 expressed markers of stemness and trophoblast (TB) stage-specific antigens, invaded Matrigel substrates and contributed to the cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) layer of smooth chorion explants with high-mobility group protein HMGI-C (HMGA2) and transcription factor GATA-4 (GATA4) controlling their progenitor state and TB identity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previously, we reported the derivation of TBPC lines by trypsinization of colonies that formed in cultures of chorionic mesenchyme cells that were treated with an activin nodal inhibitor. Microarray analyses showed that, among integrins, α4 was most highly expressed, and identified HMGA2 and GATA4 as potential transcriptional regulators. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The aim of this study was to streamline TBPC derivation across gestation. High-cell surface expression of integrin α4 enabled the use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) approach for TBPC isolation from the human smooth chorion (n = 6 lines). To confirm their TBPC identity, we profiled their expression of stemness and TB markers, and growth factor receptors. At a functional level, we assayed their invasive capacity (n = 3) and tropism for the CTB layer of the smooth chorion (n = 3). At a molecular level, we studied the roles of HMGA2 and GATA4. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Cells were enzymatically disassociated from the human smooth chorion across gestation. FACS was used to isolate the integrin α4-positive population. In total, we established six TBPC lines, two per trimester. Their identity was determined by immunolocalization of a suite of antigens. Function was assessed via Matrigel invasion and co-culture with explants of the human smooth chorion. An siRNA approach was used to down-regulate HMGA2 and GATA4 expression and the results were confirmed by immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. The endpoints analyzed included proliferation, as determined by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation, and the expression of stage-specific antigens and hormones, as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining approaches. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE As with the original cell lines, the progenitors expressed a combination of human embryonic stem cell and TB markers. Upon differentiation, they primarily formed CTBs, which were capable of Matrigel invasion. Co-culture of the cells with smooth chorion explants enabled their migration through the mesenchyme after which they intercalated within the chorionic CTB layer. Down-regulation of HMGA2 showed that this DNA-binding protein governed their self-renewal. Both HMGA2 and GATA4 had pleitropic effects on the cells' progenitor state and TB identity. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study supported our hypothesis that TBPCs from the chorionic mesenchyme can contribute to the subpopulation of CTBs that reside in the smooth chorion. In the absence of in vivo data, which is difficult to obtain in humans, the results have the limitations common to all in vitro studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The accepted view is that progenitors reside among the villous CTB subpopulation. Here, we show that TBPCs also reside in the mesenchymal layer of the smooth chorion throughout gestation. We theorize that they can contribute to the CTB layer in this region. This phenomenon may be particularly important in pathological situations when CTBs of the smooth chorion might provide a functional reserve for CTBs of the placenta proper. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Research reported in this publication was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health under award P50HD055764. O.G., N.L., K.O., A.P., T.G.-G., M.K., A.B., M.G. have nothing to disclose. S.J.F. received licensing fees and royalties from SeraCare Life Sciences for trisomic TBPC lines that were derived according to the methods described in this manuscript. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Genbacev
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - N Larocque
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Ona
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A Prakobphol
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - T Garrido-Gomez
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fundacion IVI, Instituto Universitario IVI, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Kapidzic
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A Bárcena
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - M Gormley
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - S J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Wu J, Zhang S, Shan J, Hu Z, Liu X, Chen L, Ren X, Yao L, Sheng H, Li L, Ann D, Yen Y, Wang J, Wang X. Elevated HMGA2 expression is associated with cancer aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:284-92. [PMID: 27063096 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes and is upregulated in several tumors. Here, we collected 273 breast cancer (BC) specimens as a training set and 310 specimens as a validation set to examine the expression of HMGA2 by immunohistochemical staining. It was found that HMGA2 expression was significantly positively correlated with advanced tumor grade and poor survival. Subgroup analysis indicated that high level of HMGA2 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, especially in the subgroups of stage II-III, low pathological grade and non-triple negative breast cancer cases. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated a significant positive correlation between HMGA2 level and the gene expression signature of metaplastic and mesenchymal phenotype. Importantly, we also observed that ectopic expression of HMGA2 promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, and protected cancer cells against genotoxic stress from agents stimulating P53 (Ser15) phosphorylation. As a conclusion, expression of HMGA2 might indicate more advanced malignancy of breast cancer. Thus we believe HMGA2 could serve as a biomarker of poor prognosis and a novel target in treating BC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlan Shan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zujian Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyong Liu
- Biomarker Development, California Cancer Institute, Sino-America Cancer Foundation, Temple City, CA, USA
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingchang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Yao
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongqiang Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- PhD Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Del Debbio CB, Mir Q, Parameswaran S, Mathews S, Xia X, Zheng L, Neville AJ, Ahmad I. Notch Signaling Activates Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia through Transcriptional Regulation and Skp2-mediated Degradation of p27Kip1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152025. [PMID: 27011052 PMCID: PMC4806989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG), the sole glial cells generated by retinal progenitors, have emerged as a viable cellular target for therapeutic regeneration in degenerative blinding diseases, as they possess dormant stem cell properties. However, the mammalian MG does not display the neurogenic potential of their lower vertebrate counterparts, precluding their practical clinical use. The answer to this barrier may be found in two interlinked processes underlying the neurogenic potential, i.e., the activation of the dormant stem cell properties of MG and their differentiation along the neuronal lineage. Here, we have focused on the former and examined Notch signaling-mediated activation of MG. We demonstrate that one of the targets of Notch signaling is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI), p27Kip1, which is highly expressed in quiescent MG. Notch signaling facilitates the activation of MG by inhibiting p27Kip1 expression. This is likely achieved through the Notch- p27Kip1 and Notch-Skp2-p27Kip1 axes, the former inhibiting the expression of p27Kip1 transcripts and the latter levels of p27Kip1 proteins by Skp2-mediated proteasomal degradation. Thus, Notch signaling may facilitate re-entry of MG into the cell cycle by inhibiting p27Kip1 expression both transcriptionally and post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Qulsum Mir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Neville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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let-7 microRNA regulates neurogliogenesis in the mammalian retina through Hmga2. Dev Biol 2016; 410:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Macrì S, Simula L, Pellarin I, Pegoraro S, Onorati M, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G, Vignali R. Hmga2 is required for neural crest cell specification in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2016; 411:25-37. [PMID: 26806704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HMGA proteins are small nuclear proteins that bind DNA by conserved AT-hook motifs, modify chromatin architecture and assist in gene expression. Two HMGAs (HMGA1 and HMGA2), encoded by distinct genes, exist in mammals and are highly expressed during embryogenesis or reactivated in tumour progression. We here addressed the in vivo role of Xenopus hmga2 in the neural crest cells (NCCs). We show that hmga2 is required for normal NCC specification and development. hmga2 knockdown leads to severe disruption of major skeletal derivatives of anterior NCCs. We show that, within the NCC genetic network, hmga2 acts downstream of msx1, and is required for msx1, pax3 and snail2 activities, thus participating at different levels of the network. Because of hmga2 early effects in NCC specification, the subsequent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of NCCs towards the branchial pouches are also compromised. Strictly paralleling results on embryos, interfering with Hmga2 in a breast cancer cell model for EMT leads to molecular effects largely consistent with those observed on NCCs. These data indicate that Hmga2 is recruited in key molecular events that are shared by both NCCs and tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Macrì
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Simula
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Pegoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Onorati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Guidalberto Manfioletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Vignali
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università degli Studi di Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Dhakal S, Stevens CB, Sebbagh M, Weiss O, Frey RA, Adamson S, Shelden EA, Inbal A, Stenkamp DL. Abnormal retinal development in Cloche mutant zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1439-1455. [PMID: 26283463 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functions for the early embryonic vasculature in regulating development of central nervous system tissues, such as the retina, have been suggested by in vitro studies and by in vivo manipulations that caused additional ocular vessels to develop. Here, we use an avascular zebrafish embryo, cloche-/- (clo-/-), to begin to identify necessary developmental functions of the ocular vasculature in regulating development and patterning of the neural retina, in vivo. These studies are possible in zebrafish embryos, which do not yet rely upon the vasculature for tissue oxygenation. RESULTS clo-/- embryos lacked early ocular vasculature and were microphthalmic, with reduced retinal cell proliferation and cell survival. Retinas of clo mutants were disorganized, with irregular synaptic layers, mispatterned expression domains of retinal transcription factors, morphologically abnormal Müller glia, reduced differentiation of specific retinal cell types, and sporadically distributed cone photoreceptors. Blockade of p53-mediated cell death did not completely rescue this phenotype and revealed ectopic cones in the inner nuclear layer. clo-/- embryos did not upregulate a molecular marker for hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The disorganized retinal phenotype of clo-/- embryos is consistent with a neural and glial developmental patterning role for the early ocular vasculature that is independent of its eventual function in gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susov Dhakal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Craig B Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Meyrav Sebbagh
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Weiss
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth A Frey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Seth Adamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
| | - Eric A Shelden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Adi Inbal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deborah L Stenkamp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID USA
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Madison BB, Jeganathan AN, Mizuno R, Winslow MM, Castells A, Cuatrecasas M, Rustgi AK. Let-7 Represses Carcinogenesis and a Stem Cell Phenotype in the Intestine via Regulation of Hmga2. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005408. [PMID: 26244988 PMCID: PMC4526516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 miRNAs comprise one of the largest and most highly expressed family of miRNAs among vertebrates, and is critical for promoting differentiation, regulating metabolism, inhibiting cellular proliferation, and repressing carcinogenesis in a variety of tissues. The large size of the Let-7 family of miRNAs has complicated the development of mutant animal models. Here we describe the comprehensive repression of all Let-7 miRNAs in the intestinal epithelium via low-level tissue-specific expression of the Lin28b RNA-binding protein and a conditional knockout of the MirLet7c-2/Mirlet7b locus. This ablation of Let-7 triggers the development of intestinal adenocarcinomas concomitant with reduced survival. Analysis of both mouse and human intestinal cancer specimens reveals that stem cell markers were significantly associated with loss of Let-7 miRNA expression, and that a number of Let-7 targets were elevated, including Hmga1 and Hmga2. Functional studies in 3-D enteroids revealed that Hmga2 is necessary and sufficient to mediate many characteristics of Let-7 depletion, namely accelerating cell cycle progression and enhancing a stem cell phenotype. In addition, inactivation of a single Hmga2 allele in the mouse intestine epithelium significantly represses tumorigenesis driven by Lin28b. In aggregate, we conclude that Let-7 depletion drives a stem cell phenotype and the development of intestinal cancer, primarily via Hmga2. Cancer develops following multiple genetic mutations (i.e. in tumor suppressors and oncogenes), and mutations that cooperate or synergize are often advantageous to cancer cell growth. To study how multiple genes might cooperate, it is usually informative to generate candidate mutations in cells or in mice. Large gene families, such as the Let-7 family, are difficult to silence or mutate because of the large amount of redundancy that exists between similar copies of the same gene; the mutation of one will often be masked or compensated by the continued function of others. In the mouse intestine we have achieved comprehensive depletion of all Let-7 miRNAs in this large multi-genic family through use of an inhibitory protein, called LIN28B, that specifically represses Let-7, and genetic inactivation of another gene cluster called MirLet7c-2/Mirlet7b. Mice with this comprehensive depletion of Let-7 develop intestinal cancers that resemble human colon cancers. Our further analysis identified another gene, HMGA2, downstream of this pathway that is critical to this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair B. Madison
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arjun N. Jeganathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Monte M. Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology, Pharmacology and Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, CDB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun J, Rockowitz S, Xie Q, Ashery-Padan R, Zheng D, Cvekl A. Identification of in vivo DNA-binding mechanisms of Pax6 and reconstruction of Pax6-dependent gene regulatory networks during forebrain and lens development. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6827-46. [PMID: 26138486 PMCID: PMC4538810 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax6 is comprised of the paired domain (PD) and homeodomain (HD). In the developing forebrain, Pax6 is expressed in ventricular zone precursor cells and in specific subpopulations of neurons; absence of Pax6 results in disrupted cell proliferation and cell fate specification. Pax6 also regulates the entire lens developmental program. To reconstruct Pax6-dependent gene regulatory networks (GRNs), ChIP-seq studies were performed using forebrain and lens chromatin from mice. A total of 3514 (forebrain) and 3723 (lens) Pax6-containing peaks were identified, with ∼70% of them found in both tissues and thereafter called 'common' peaks. Analysis of Pax6-bound peaks identified motifs that closely resemble Pax6-PD, Pax6-PD/HD and Pax6-HD established binding sequences. Mapping of H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3 and RNA polymerase II revealed distinct types of tissue-specific enhancers bound by Pax6. Pax6 directly regulates cortical neurogenesis through activation (e.g. Dmrta1 and Ngn2) and repression (e.g. Ascl1, Fezf2, and Gsx2) of transcription factors. In lens, Pax6 directly regulates cell cycle exit via components of FGF (Fgfr2, Prox1 and Ccnd1) and Wnt (Dkk3, Wnt7a, Lrp6, Bcl9l, and Ccnd1) signaling pathways. Collectively, these studies provide genome-wide analysis of Pax6-dependent GRNs in lens and forebrain and establish novel roles of Pax6 in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- The Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- The Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- The Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Deyou Zheng
- The Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ales Cvekl
- The Departments of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Paolini A, Duchemin AL, Albadri S, Patzel E, Bornhorst D, González Avalos P, Lemke S, Machate A, Brand M, Sel S, Di Donato V, Del Bene F, Zolessi FR, Ramialison M, Poggi L. Asymmetric inheritance of the apical domain and self-renewal of retinal ganglion cell progenitors depend on Anillin function. Development 2015; 142:832-9. [PMID: 25655700 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Divisions that generate one neuronal lineage-committed and one self-renewing cell maintain the balance of proliferation and differentiation for the generation of neuronal diversity. The asymmetric inheritance of apical domains and components of the cell division machinery has been implicated in this process, and might involve interactions with cell fate determinants in regulatory feedback loops of an as yet unknown nature. Here, we report the dynamics of Anillin - an essential F-actin regulator and furrow component - and its contribution to progenitor cell divisions in the developing zebrafish retina. We find that asymmetrically dividing retinal ganglion cell progenitors position the Anillin-rich midbody at the apical domain of the differentiating daughter. anillin hypomorphic conditions disrupt asymmetric apical domain inheritance and affect daughter cell fate. Consequently, the retinal cell type composition is profoundly affected, such that the ganglion cell layer is dramatically expanded. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for the requirement of Anillin during asymmetric neurogenic divisions. It also provides insights into a reciprocal regulation between Anillin and the ganglion cell fate determinant Ath5, suggesting a mechanism whereby the balance of proliferation and differentiation is accomplished during progenitor cell divisions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paolini
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Duchemin
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Shahad Albadri
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eva Patzel
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dorothee Bornhorst
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Paula González Avalos
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Steffen Lemke
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anja Machate
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Biotechnology Center and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Saadettin Sel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Di Donato
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, U934/UMR3215, Paris 75248, Cedex 05, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, U934/UMR3215, Paris 75248, Cedex 05, France
| | - Flavio R Zolessi
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República and Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3187, Australia
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Department of Developmental Biology/Physiology, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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