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Zahoor M, Dong Y, Preussner M, Reiterer V, Shameen Alam S, Haun M, Horzum U, Frey Y, Hajdu R, Geley S, Cormier-Daire V, Heyd F, Jerome-Majewska LA, Farhan H. The unfolded protein response regulates ER exit sites via SNRPB-dependent RNA splicing and contributes to bone development. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00208-z. [PMID: 39160274 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Splicing and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-proteostasis are two key processes that ultimately regulate the functional proteins that are produced by a cell. However, the extent to which these processes interact remains poorly understood. Here, we identify SNRPB and other components of the Sm-ring, as targets of the unfolded protein response and novel regulators of export from the ER. Mechanistically, The Sm-ring regulates the splicing of components of the ER export machinery, including Sec16A, a component of ER exit sites. Loss of function of SNRPB is causally linked to cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS), a genetic disease characterized by bone defects. We show that heterozygous deletion of SNRPB in mice resulted in bone defects reminiscent of CCMS and that knockdown of SNRPB delays the trafficking of type-I collagen. Silencing SNRPB inhibited osteogenesis in vitro, which could be rescued by overexpression of Sec16A. This rescue indicates that the role of SNRPB in osteogenesis is linked to its effects on ER-export. Finally, we show that SNRPB is a target for the unfolded protein response, which supports a mechanistic link between the spliceosome and ER-proteostasis. Our work highlights components of the Sm-ring as a novel node in the proteostasis network, shedding light on CCMS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yanchen Dong
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Marco Preussner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Reiterer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabrina Shameen Alam
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Margot Haun
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Utku Horzum
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yannick Frey
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renata Hajdu
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Clinical Genetics Department, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Florian Heyd
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Takustrasse 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Darbellay F, Ramisch A, Lopez-Delisle L, Kosicki M, Rauseo A, Jouini Z, Visel A, Andrey G. Pre-hypertrophic chondrogenic enhancer landscape of limb and axial skeleton development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4820. [PMID: 38844479 PMCID: PMC11156918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte differentiation controls skeleton development and stature. Here we provide a comprehensive map of chondrocyte-specific enhancers and show that they provide a mechanistic framework through which non-coding genetic variants can influence skeletal development and human stature. Working with fetal chondrocytes isolated from mice bearing a Col2a1 fluorescent regulatory sensor, we identify 780 genes and 2'704 putative enhancers specifically active in chondrocytes using a combination of RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and H3K27ac ChIP-seq. Most of these enhancers (74%) show pan-chondrogenic activity, with smaller populations being restricted to limb (18%) or trunk (8%) chondrocytes only. Notably, genetic variations overlapping these enhancers better explain height differences than those overlapping non-chondrogenic enhancers. Finally, targeted deletions of identified enhancers at the Fgfr3, Col2a1, Hhip and, Nkx3-2 loci confirm their role in regulating cognate genes. This enhancer map provides a framework for understanding how genes and non-coding variations influence bone development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Darbellay
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Antonella Rauseo
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Jouini
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Guillaume Andrey
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kahane N, Dahan-Barda Y, Kalcheim C. A Spatio-Temporal-Dependent Requirement of Sonic Hedgehog in the Early Development of Sclerotome-Derived Vertebrae and Ribs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5602. [PMID: 38891790 PMCID: PMC11171667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Derived from axial structures, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is secreted into the paraxial mesoderm, where it plays crucial roles in sclerotome induction and myotome differentiation. Through conditional loss-of-function in quail embryos, we investigate the timing and impact of Shh activity during early formation of sclerotome-derived vertebrae and ribs, and of lateral mesoderm-derived sternum. To this end, Hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) was electroporated at various times between days 2 and 5. While the vertebral body and rib primordium showed consistent size reduction, rib expansion into the somatopleura remained unaffected, and the sternal bud developed normally. Additionally, we compared these effects with those of locally inhibiting BMP activity. Transfection of Noggin in the lateral mesoderm hindered sternal bud formation. Unlike Hhip, BMP inhibition via Noggin or Smad6 induced myogenic differentiation of the lateral dermomyotome lip, while impeding the growth of the myotome/rib complex into the somatic mesoderm, thus affirming the role of the lateral dermomyotome epithelium in rib guidance. Overall, these findings underscore the continuous requirement for opposing gradients of Shh and BMP activity in the morphogenesis of proximal and distal flank skeletal structures, respectively. Future research should address the implications of these early interactions to the later morphogenesis and function of the musculo-skeletal system and of possible associated malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (N.K.); (Y.D.-B.)
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Miao D, Ren J, Jia Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Huang H, Gao R. PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway and plays dual roles during endoderm differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:242. [PMID: 38664733 PMCID: PMC11046865 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired box 1 (PAX1) is a transcription factor and essential for the development of pharyngeal pouches-derived tissues, including thymus. PAX1 mutations are identified in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) patients with Otofaciocervical Syndrome Type 2 (OTFCS2). However, despite the critical roles of PAX1 in embryonic development and diseases, detailed insights into its molecular mode of action are critically missing. METHODS The repressing roles of PAX1 and SCID associated mutants on Wnt signaling pathway were investigated by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization in HEK293FT, HCT116 cells and zebrafish embryos, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and western blotting assays were carried out to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying PAX1's role on Wnt signaling pathway. hESC based endoderm differentiation, flow cytometry, high-throughput sequencing data analysis, and qRT-PCR assays were utilized to determine the roles of PAX1 during endoderm differentiation. RESULTS Here, we show that PAX1 represses canonical Wnt signaling pathway in vertebrate cells. Mechanically, PAX1 competes with SUMO E3 ligase PIASy to bind to TCF7L2, thus perturbing TCF7L2 SUMOylation level, further reducing its transcriptional activity and protein stability. Moreover, we reveal that PAX1 plays dual roles in hESC-derived definitive and foregut/pharyngeal endoderm cells, which give rise to the thymus epithelium, by inhibiting Wnt signaling. Importantly, our data show PAX1 mutations found in SCID patients significantly compromise the suppressing ability of PAX1 on Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a novel molecular mode of action of PAX1 in regulation of canonical Wnt signaling and endoderm differentiation, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of PAX1 associated SCID, offering better understanding of the behavior of PAX1 in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxiu Miao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- College of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huizhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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5
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Ushiki A, Sheng RR, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Nobuhara M, Murray E, Ruan X, Rios JJ, Wise CA, Ahituv N. Deletion of Pax1 scoliosis-associated regulatory elements leads to a female-biased tail abnormality. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113907. [PMID: 38461417 PMCID: PMC11005513 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a sideways curvature of the spine, is sexually dimorphic, with increased incidence in females. A genome-wide association study identified a female-specific AIS susceptibility locus near the PAX1 gene. Here, we use mouse enhancer assays, three mouse enhancer knockouts, and subsequent phenotypic analyses to characterize this region. Using mouse enhancer assays, we characterize a sequence, PEC7, which overlaps the AIS-associated variant, and find it to be active in the tail tip and intervertebral disc. Removal of PEC7 or Xe1, a known sclerotome enhancer nearby, or deletion of both sequences lead to a kinky tail phenotype only in the Xe1 and combined (Xe1+PEC7) knockouts, with only the latter showing a female sex dimorphic phenotype. Extensive phenotypic characterization of these mouse lines implicates several differentially expressed genes and estrogen signaling in the sex dimorphic bias. In summary, our work functionally characterizes an AIS-associated locus and dissects the mechanism for its sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ushiki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rory R Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mai Nobuhara
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xin Ruan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carol A Wise
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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6
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Shaw T, Barr FG, Üren A. The PAX Genes: Roles in Development, Cancer, and Other Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 38473380 PMCID: PMC10931086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their 1986 discovery in Drosophila, Paired box (PAX) genes have been shown to play major roles in the early development of the eye, muscle, skeleton, kidney, and other organs. Consistent with their roles as master regulators of tissue formation, the PAX family members are evolutionarily conserved, regulate large transcriptional networks, and in turn can be regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Losses or mutations in these genes can result in developmental disorders or cancers. The precise mechanisms by which PAX genes control disease pathogenesis are well understood in some cases, but much remains to be explored. A deeper understanding of the biology of these genes, therefore, has the potential to aid in the improvement of disease diagnosis and the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Shaw
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20001, USA
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7
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Warin J, Vedrenne N, Tam V, Zhu M, Yin D, Lin X, Guidoux-D’halluin B, Humeau A, Roseiro L, Paillat L, Chédeville C, Chariau C, Riemers F, Templin M, Guicheux J, Tryfonidou MA, Ho JW, David L, Chan D, Camus A. In vitro and in vivo models define a molecular signature reference for human embryonic notochordal cells. iScience 2024; 27:109018. [PMID: 38357665 PMCID: PMC10865399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of human notochordal cells (NC) is essential for the development of regenerative approaches. We present a comprehensive investigation into the specification and generation of bona fide NC using a straightforward pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based system benchmarked with human fetal notochord. By integrating in vitro and in vivo transcriptomic data at single-cell resolution, we establish an extended molecular signature and overcome the limitations associated with studying human notochordal lineage at early developmental stages. We show that TGF-β inhibition enhances the yield and homogeneity of notochordal lineage commitment in vitro. Furthermore, this study characterizes regulators of cell-fate decision and matrisome enriched in the notochordal niche. Importantly, we identify specific cell-surface markers opening avenues for differentiation refinement, NC purification, and functional studies. Altogether, this study provides a human notochord transcriptomic reference that will serve as a resource for notochord identification in human systems, diseased-tissues modeling, and facilitating future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Warin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengxia Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danqing Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bluwen Guidoux-D’halluin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Humeau
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Luce Roseiro
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Chariau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Frank Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua W.K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CR2TI, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Camus
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
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8
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Yu H, Khanshour AM, Ushiki A, Otomo N, Koike Y, Einarsdottir E, Fan Y, Antunes L, Kidane YH, Cornelia R, Sheng RR, Zhang Y, Pei J, Grishin NV, Evers BM, Cheung JPY, Herring JA, Terao C, Song YQ, Gurnett CA, Gerdhem P, Ikegawa S, Rios JJ, Ahituv N, Wise CA. Association of genetic variation in COL11A1 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP89762. [PMID: 38277211 PMCID: PMC10945706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common and progressive spinal deformity in children that exhibits striking sexual dimorphism, with girls at more than fivefold greater risk of severe disease compared to boys. Despite its medical impact, the molecular mechanisms that drive AIS are largely unknown. We previously defined a female-specific AIS genetic risk locus in an enhancer near the PAX1 gene. Here, we sought to define the roles of PAX1 and newly identified AIS-associated genes in the developmental mechanism of AIS. In a genetic study of 10,519 individuals with AIS and 93,238 unaffected controls, significant association was identified with a variant in COL11A1 encoding collagen (α1) XI (rs3753841; NM_080629.2_c.4004C>T; p.(Pro1335Leu); p=7.07E-11, OR = 1.118). Using CRISPR mutagenesis we generated Pax1 knockout mice (Pax1-/-). In postnatal spines we found that PAX1 and collagen (α1) XI protein both localize within the intervertebral disc-vertebral junction region encompassing the growth plate, with less collagen (α1) XI detected in Pax1-/- spines compared to wild-type. By genetic targeting we found that wild-type Col11a1 expression in costal chondrocytes suppresses expression of Pax1 and of Mmp3, encoding the matrix metalloproteinase 3 enzyme implicated in matrix remodeling. However, the latter suppression was abrogated in the presence of the AIS-associated COL11A1P1335L mutant. Further, we found that either knockdown of the estrogen receptor gene Esr2 or tamoxifen treatment significantly altered Col11a1 and Mmp3 expression in chondrocytes. We propose a new molecular model of AIS pathogenesis wherein genetic variation and estrogen signaling increase disease susceptibility by altering a PAX1-COL11a1-MMP3 signaling axis in spinal chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
| | - Anas M Khanshour
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
| | - Aki Ushiki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nao Otomo
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesTokyoJapan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of TechnologySolnaSweden
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Lilian Antunes
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
| | - Rory R Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jimin Pei
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - John A Herring
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - You-qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Carol A Wise
- Center for Translational Research, Scottish Rite for ChildrenDallasUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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9
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Draga M, Scaal M. Building a vertebra: Development of the amniote sclerotome. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21665. [PMID: 38100740 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In embryonic development, the vertebral column arises from the sclerotomal compartment of the somites. The sclerotome is a mesenchymal cell mass which can be subdivided into several subpopulations specified by different regulatory mechanisms and giving rise to different parts of the vertebrae like vertebral body, vertebral arch, ribs, and vertebral joints. This review gives a short overview on the molecular and cellular basis of the formation of sclerotomal subdomains and the morphogenesis of their vertebral derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Draga
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Scaal
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Spinelli C, Ghionzoli M, Guglielmo C, Baroncelli G, Tyutyusheva N, Frega A, Patrizio A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Antonelli A. Hypoparathyroidism Associated with Benign Thyroid Nodules in DiGeorge-like Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:850-856. [PMID: 37986268 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303274582231102094440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DiGeorge-like syndrome (DGLS) is a rare genetic disorder due to the presence of the same classical clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) without its typical deletion. In the DGLS phenotype, hypoparathyroidism seldom occurs and is considered rare. In DGS, hypocalcemia affects up to 70% of patients, and a considerable share often has asymptomatic thyroid abnormalities. CASE PRESENTATION In this study, we describe an unusual case of a 16-year-old patient with DGLS due to a duplication of 365 kb in the 20p11.22 region, affected by hypoparathyroidism associated with thyroid nodule. The intraoperative parathyroid evaluation ruled out agenesis as a cause of hypoparathyroidism. In addition, we carried out a thorough literature review from 2010 to 2023 of DGLS cases using specific keywords, such as "22q11.2 deletion syndrome", "Di- George-like Syndrome", "hypoparathyroidism", "thyroid", and "children", analyzing 119 patients with DGLS. CONCLUSION Interestingly enough, the present case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of a patient with DGLS associated with hypoparathyroidism and the presence of thyroid nodules where an intraoperative observation reported a non-functional parathyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Guglielmo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giampiero Baroncelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nina Tyutyusheva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Frega
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Yu H, Khanshour AM, Ushiki A, Otomo N, Koike Y, Einarsdottir E, Fan Y, Antunes L, Kidane YH, Cornelia R, Sheng R, Zhang Y, Pei J, Grishin NV, Evers BM, Cheung JPY, Herring JA, Terao C, Song YQ, Gurnett CA, Gerdhem P, Ikegawa S, Rios JJ, Ahituv N, Wise CA. Association of genetic variation in COL11A1 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542293. [PMID: 37292598 PMCID: PMC10245954 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common and progressive spinal deformity in children that exhibits striking sexual dimorphism, with girls at more than five-fold greater risk of severe disease compared to boys. Despite its medical impact, the molecular mechanisms that drive AIS are largely unknown. We previously defined a female-specific AIS genetic risk locus in an enhancer near the PAX1 gene. Here we sought to define the roles of PAX1 and newly-identified AIS-associated genes in the developmental mechanism of AIS. In a genetic study of 10,519 individuals with AIS and 93,238 unaffected controls, significant association was identified with a variant in COL11A1 encoding collagen (α1) XI (rs3753841; NM_080629.2_c.4004C>T; p.(Pro1335Leu); P=7.07e-11, OR=1.118). Using CRISPR mutagenesis we generated Pax1 knockout mice (Pax1-/-). In postnatal spines we found that PAX1 and collagen (α1) XI protein both localize within the intervertebral disc (IVD)-vertebral junction region encompassing the growth plate, with less collagen (α1) XI detected in Pax1-/- spines compared to wildtype. By genetic targeting we found that wildtype Col11a1 expression in costal chondrocytes suppresses expression of Pax1 and of Mmp3, encoding the matrix metalloproteinase 3 enzyme implicated in matrix remodeling. However, this suppression was abrogated in the presence of the AIS-associated COL11A1P1335L mutant. Further, we found that either knockdown of the estrogen receptor gene Esr2, or tamoxifen treatment, significantly altered Col11a1 and Mmp3 expression in chondrocytes. We propose a new molecular model of AIS pathogenesis wherein genetic variation and estrogen signaling increase disease susceptibility by altering a Pax1-Col11a1-Mmp3 signaling axis in spinal chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anas M Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aki Ushiki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nao Otomo
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, JP
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, JP
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JP
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, SE
| | - Yanhui Fan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, CN
| | - Lilian Antunes
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rory Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CN
| | - Jimin Pei
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Pui Yin Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, CN
| | - John A Herring
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, JP
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, CN
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University and
- Department of Orthopaedics and Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, SE
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, JP
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Yakici N, Kreins AY, Catak MC, Babayeva R, Erman B, Kenney H, Gungor HE, Cea PA, Kawai T, Bosticardo M, Delmonte OM, Adams S, Fan YT, Pala F, Turkyilmaz A, Howley E, Worth A, Kot H, Sefer AP, Kara A, Bulutoglu A, Bilgic-Eltan S, Altunbas MY, Bayram Catak F, Karakus IS, Karatay E, Tekeoglu SD, Eser M, Albayrak D, Citli S, Kiykim A, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Ozen A, Ghosh S, Gohlke H, Orhan F, Notarangelo LD, Davies EG, Baris S. Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotypes of PAX1-deficient SCID and CID patients. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109757. [PMID: 37689091 PMCID: PMC10958138 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Paired box 1 (PAX1) deficiency has been reported in a small number of patients diagnosed with otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OFCS2). We described six new patients who demonstrated variable clinical penetrance. Reduced transcriptional activity of pathogenic variants confirmed partial or complete PAX1 deficiency. Thymic aplasia and hypoplasia were associated with impaired T cell immunity. Corrective treatment was required in 4/6 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in poor immune reconstitution with absent naïve T cells, contrasting with the superior recovery of T cell immunity after thymus transplantation. Normal ex vivo differentiation of PAX1-deficient CD34+ cells into mature T cells demonstrated the absence of a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect. New overlapping features with DiGeorge syndrome included primary hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and congenital heart defects (n = 2), in line with PAX1 expression during early embryogenesis. Our results highlight new features of PAX1 deficiency, which are relevant to improving early diagnosis and identifying patients requiring corrective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Yakici
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mehmet Cihangir Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Royala Babayeva
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baran Erman
- Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Can Sucak, Research Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Center for Genomics and Rare Diseases, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Heather Kenney
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hatice Eke Gungor
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Erciyes City Hospital, Turkey
| | - Pablo A Cea
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Japan
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia Maria Delmonte
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Adams
- SIHMDS-Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Tong Fan
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Pala
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayberk Turkyilmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Evey Howley
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austen Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hakan Kot
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asena Pinar Sefer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Altan Kara
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, Turkey
| | - Alper Bulutoglu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic-Eltan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Yorgun Altunbas
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayram Catak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emrah Karatay
- Department of Radiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidem Didar Tekeoglu
- Can Sucak, Research Laboratory for Translational Immunology, Center for Genomics and Rare Diseases, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Eser
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Davut Albayrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Senol Citli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sujal Ghosh
- Department for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fazil Orhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Graham Davies
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology and Gene therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Baris
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey; The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Sun J, Hu L, Bok S, Yallowitz AR, Cung M, McCormick J, Zheng LJ, Debnath S, Niu Y, Tan AY, Lalani S, Morse KW, Shinn D, Pajak A, Hammad M, Suhardi VJ, Li Z, Li N, Wang L, Zou W, Mittal V, Bostrom MPG, Xu R, Iyer S, Greenblatt MB. A vertebral skeletal stem cell lineage driving metastasis. Nature 2023; 621:602-609. [PMID: 37704733 PMCID: PMC10829697 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Vertebral bone is subject to a distinct set of disease processes from long bones, including a much higher rate of solid tumour metastases1-4. The basis for this distinct biology of vertebral bone has so far remained unknown. Here we identify a vertebral skeletal stem cell (vSSC) that co-expresses ZIC1 and PAX1 together with additional cell surface markers. vSSCs display formal evidence of stemness, including self-renewal, label retention and sitting at the apex of their differentiation hierarchy. vSSCs are physiologic mediators of vertebral bone formation, as genetic blockade of the ability of vSSCs to generate osteoblasts results in defects in the vertebral neural arch and body. Human counterparts of vSSCs can be identified in vertebral endplate specimens and display a conserved differentiation hierarchy and stemness features. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that vSSCs contribute to the high rates of vertebral metastatic tropism observed in breast cancer, owing in part to increased secretion of the novel metastatic trophic factor MFGE8. Together, our results indicate that vSSCs are distinct from other skeletal stem cells and mediate the unique physiology and pathology of vertebrae, including contributing to the high rate of vertebral metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seoyeon Bok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Cung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason McCormick
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling J Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shawon Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuzhe Niu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Y Tan
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Lalani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle W Morse
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Shinn
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Pajak
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Hammad
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincentius Jeremy Suhardi
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias P G Bostrom
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sravisht Iyer
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Kumar S, Alam SS, Bareke E, Beauchamp MC, Dong Y, Chan W, Majewski J, Jerome-Majewska LA. Sf3b4 regulates chromatin remodeler splicing and Hox expression. Differentiation 2023; 131:59-73. [PMID: 37167859 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SF3B proteins form a heptameric complex in the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, essential for pre-mRNA splicing. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in human SF3B4 are associated with head, face, limb, and vertebrae defects. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated mice with constitutive heterozygous deletion of Sf3b4 and showed that mutant embryos have abnormal vertebral development. Vertebrae abnormalities were accompanied by changes in levels and expression pattern of Hox genes in the somites. RNA sequencing analysis of whole embryos and somites of Sf3b4 mutant and control litter mates revealed increased expression of other Sf3b4 genes. However, the mutants exhibited few differentially expressed genes and a large number of transcripts with differential splicing events (DSE), predominantly increased exon skipping and intron retention. Transcripts with increased DSE included several genes involved in chromatin remodeling that are known to regulate Hox expression. Our study confirms that Sf3b4 is required for normal vertebrae development and shows, for the first time, that like Sf3b1, Sf3b4 also regulates Hox expression. We propose that abnormal splicing of chromatin remodelers is primarily responsible for vertebral defects found in Sf3b4 heterozygous mutant embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kumar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - Eric Bareke
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yanchen Dong
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Wesley Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B2, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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15
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Cuny H, Bozon K, Kirk RB, Sheng DZ, Bröer S, Dunwoodie SL. Maternal heterozygosity of Slc6a19 causes metabolic perturbation and congenital NAD deficiency disorder in mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:282089. [PMID: 36374036 PMCID: PMC9702539 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a key metabolite synthesised from vitamin B3 or tryptophan. Disruption of genes encoding NAD synthesis enzymes reduces NAD levels and causes congenital NAD deficiency disorder (CNDD), characterised by multiple congenital malformations. SLC6A19 (encoding B0AT1, a neutral amino acid transporter), represents the main transporter for free tryptophan in the intestine and kidney. Here, we tested whether Slc6a19 heterozygosity in mice limits the tryptophan available for NAD synthesis during pregnancy and causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant Slc6a19+/- mice were fed diets depleted of vitamin B3, so that tryptophan was the source of NAD during gestation. This perturbed the NAD metabolome in pregnant Slc6a19+/- females, resulting in reduced NAD levels and increased rates of embryo loss. Surviving embryos were small and exhibited specific combinations of CNDD-associated malformations. Our results show that genes not directly involved in NAD synthesis can affect NAD metabolism and cause CNDD. They also suggest that human female carriers of a SLC6A19 loss-of-function allele might be susceptible to adverse pregnancy outcomes unless sufficient NAD precursor amounts are available during gestation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Cuny
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kayleigh Bozon
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Rosemary B. Kirk
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Delicia Z. Sheng
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Author for correspondence ()
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16
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Zhou T, Chen Y, Liao Z, Zhang L, Su D, Li Z, Yang X, Ke X, Liu H, Chen Y, Weng R, Shen H, Xu C, Wan Y, Xu R, Su P. Spatiotemporal Characterization of Human Early Intervertebral Disc Formation at Single-Cell Resolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206296. [PMID: 36965031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) acts as a fibrocartilaginous joint to anchor adjacent vertebrae. Although several studies have demonstrated the cellular heterogeneity of adult mature IVDs, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas mapping early IVD formation is still lacking. Here, the authors generate a spatiotemporal and single cell-based transcriptomic atlas of human IVD formation at the embryonic stage and a comparative mouse transcript landscape. They identify two novel human notochord (NC)/nucleus pulposus (NP) clusters, SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)+ and cathepsin K (CTSK)+ , that are distributed in the early and late stages of IVD formation and they are validated by lineage tracing experiments in mice. Matrisome NC/NP clusters, T-box transcription factor T (TBXT)+ and CTSK+ , are responsible for the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The IVD atlas suggests that a subcluster of the vertebral chondrocyte subcluster might give rise to an inner annulus fibrosus of chondrogenic origin, while the fibroblastic outer annulus fibrosus preferentially expresseds transgelin and fibromodulin . Through analyzing intercellular crosstalk, the authors further find that notochordal secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a novel cue in the IVD microenvironment, and it is associated with IVD development and degeneration. In conclusion, the single-cell transcriptomic atlas will be leveraged to develop preventative and regenerative strategies for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Deying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuling Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaona Ke
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ricong Weng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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17
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Ushiki A, Sheng RR, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Nobuhara M, Murray E, Ruan X, Rios JJ, Wise CA, Ahituv N. Deletion of Pax1 scoliosis-associated regulatory elements leads to a female-biased tail abnormality. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.12.536497. [PMID: 37090618 PMCID: PMC10120660 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a sideways curvature of the spine, is sexually dimorphic, with increased incidence in females. A GWAS identified a female-specific AIS susceptibility locus near the PAX1 gene. Here, we used mouse enhancer assays, three mouse enhancer knockouts and subsequent phenotypic analyses to characterize this region. Using mouse enhancer assays, we characterized a sequence, PEC7, that overlaps the AIS-associated variant, and found it to be active in the tail tip and intervertebral disc. Removal of PEC7 or Xe1, a known sclerotome enhancer nearby, and deletion of both sequences led to a kinky phenotype only in the Xe1 and combined (Xe1+PEC7) knockouts, with only the latter showing a female sex dimorphic phenotype. Extensive phenotypic characterization of these mouse lines implicated several differentially expressed genes and estrogen signaling in the sex dimorphic bias. In summary, our work functionally characterizes an AIS-associated locus and dissects the mechanism for its sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Ushiki
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rory R. Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mai Nobuhara
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xin Ruan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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18
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Huang X, Chen D, Liang C, Shi K, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Xia K, Shu J, Yang B, Wang J, Xu H, Yu C, Cheng F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Ying L, Li H, Han M, Li F, Tao Y, Zhao Q, Chen Q. Swelling-Mediated Mechanical Stimulation Regulates Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair Using Injectable UCST Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201925. [PMID: 36250343 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation is an effective approach for controlling stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering. However, its realization in in vivo tissue repair remains challenging since this type of stimulation can hardly be applied to injectable seeding systems. Here, it is presented that swelling of injectable microgels can be transformed to in situ mechanical stimulation via stretching the cells adhered on their surface. Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with the upper critical solution temperature property are fabricated using inverse emulsion polymerization and further coated with polydopamine to increase cell adhesion. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) adhered on the microgels can be omnidirectionally stretched along with the responsive swelling of the microgels, which upregulate TRPV4 and Piezo1 channel proteins and enhance nucleus pulposus (NP)-like differentiation of ADSCs. In vivo experiments reveal that the disc height and extracellular matrix content of NP are promoted after the implantation with the microgels. The findings indicate that swelling-induced mechanical stimulation has great potential for regulating stem cell differentiation during intervertebral disc repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Di Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kesi Shi
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiangjie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Kaishun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Shu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Haibin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Shaoke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Chenggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Liwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meiling Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fangcai Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yiqing Tao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
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19
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Hamel BL, Kumar S, Heidenreich L, Joshi A, DaSilva C, Asumda FZ. A novel case of homozygous PAX1 mutation associated with hypoparathyroidism. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2023; 4:26330040231158776. [PMID: 37197558 PMCID: PMC10184197 DOI: 10.1177/26330040231158776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The PAX1 gene plays an important role in the development of the parathyroid glands and the thymus. Mouse knockout models of PAX1, PAX3, and PAX9 have been found to have hypoplastic or absent parathyroid glands. To our knowledge, there are no reported cases of PAX1-associated hypoparathyroidism in humans. We present a case of hypoparathyroidism in a 23-month-old boy with a homozygous pathogenic variant in the PAX1 gene (PAX1 NM_006192.5 c.463_465del variant), predicted to cause an in-frame deletion of asparagine at position 155 (p.Asn155del) of the PAX1 protein. The hypoparathyroidism was unmasked after the patient developed significant hypocalcemia while receiving GoLYTELY (polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium sulfate anhydrous, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride) for bowel cleanout. The patient had mild and asymptomatic hypocalcemia prior to hospitalization. The patient was noted to have inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) level at the time of documented hypocalcemia thereby suggesting a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Plain language summary The first human case of hypoparathyroidism associated with a rare genetic disorder: a case report of PAX1 gene mutation The paired box (PAX) gene family is important for embryo development. One subfamily, PAX1, is necessary for development of the spinal column, thymus (important for the immune system development), and parathyroid (helps regulate the amount of calcium in the body). We present the case of a 23-month-old boy with known PAX1 gene mutation who came in with episodes of vomiting and poor growth. His presentation was thought to be most likely related to constipation. He was started on bowel cleanout medication and intravenous fluids. However, his calcium that had been mildly low subsequently dropped to very low levels. The level of parathyroid hormone (which helps regulate calcium levels) was inappropriately normal, meaning that his body was unable to make more, and was consistent with hypoparathyroidism. He was treated with calcium supplements and vitamin D and calcium levels normalized. He continues to be on calcium and vitamin D and calcium levels have remained stable. Doctors should keep this complication in mind when treating patients with PAX1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seema Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Avni Joshi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Dissection of mendelian predisposition and complex genetic architecture of craniovertebral junction malformation. Hum Genet 2023; 142:89-101. [PMID: 36098810 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is an anatomically complex region of the axial skeleton that provides protection of the brainstem and the upper cervical spinal cord. Structural malformation of the CVJ gives rise to life-threatening neurological deficits, such as quadriplegia and dyspnea. Unfortunately, genetic studies on human subjects with CVJ malformation are limited and the pathogenesis remains largely elusive. In this study, we recruited 93 individuals with CVJ malformation and performed exome sequencing. Manual interpretation of the data identified three pathogenic variants in genes associated with Mendelian diseases, including CSNK2A1, MSX2, and DDX3X. In addition, the contribution of copy number variations (CNVs) to CVJ malformation was investigated and three pathogenic CNVs were identified in three affected individuals. To further dissect the complex mutational architecture of CVJ malformation, we performed a gene-based rare variant association analysis utilizing 4371 in-house exomes as control. Rare variants in LGI4 (carrier rate = 3.26%, p = 3.3 × 10-5) and BEST1 (carrier rate = 5.43%, p = 5.77 × 10-6) were identified to be associated with CVJ malformation. Furthermore, gene set analyses revealed that extracellular matrix- and RHO GTPase-associated biological pathways were found to be involved in the etiology of CVJ malformation. Overall, we comprehensively dissected the genetic underpinnings of CVJ malformation and identified several novel disease-associated genes and biological pathways.
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21
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Wu W, Kong X, Jia Y, Jia Y, Ou W, Dai C, Li G, Gao R. An overview of PAX1: Expression, function and regulation in development and diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1051102. [PMID: 36393845 PMCID: PMC9649799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play multifaceted roles in embryonic development and diseases. PAX1, a paired-box transcription factor, has been elucidated to play key roles in multiple tissues during embryonic development by extensive studies. Recently, an emerging role of PAX1 in cancers was clarified. Herein, we summarize the expression and functions of PAX1 in skeletal system and thymus development, as well as cancer biology and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action and the association of PAX1 mutation or dysregulation with human diseases, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of congenital diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihui Jia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weimei Ou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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22
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Wang P, Sun X, Miao Q, Mi H, Cao M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Shu Y, Li W, Xu H, Bai D, Zhang Y. Novel genetic associations with five aesthetic facial traits: A genome-wide association study in the Chinese population. Front Genet 2022; 13:967684. [PMID: 36035146 PMCID: PMC9411802 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aesthetic facial traits are closely related to life quality and strongly influenced by genetic factors, but the genetic predispositions in the Chinese population remain poorly understood. Methods: A genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent validations were performed in 26,806 Chinese on five facial traits: widow’s peak, unibrow, double eyelid, earlobe attachment, and freckles. Functional annotation was performed based on the expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) variants, genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) were developed to represent the combined polygenic effects, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability was presented to evaluate the contributions of the variants. Results: In total, 21 genetic associations were identified, of which ten were novel: GMDS-AS1 (rs4959669, p = 1.29 × 10−49) and SPRED2 (rs13423753, p = 2.99 × 10−14) for widow’s peak, a previously unreported trait; FARSB (rs36015125, p = 1.96 × 10−21) for unibrow; KIF26B (rs7549180, p = 2.41 × 10−15), CASC2 (rs79852633, p = 4.78 × 10−11), RPGRIP1L (rs6499632, p = 9.15 × 10−11), and PAX1 (rs147581439, p = 3.07 × 10−8) for double eyelid; ZFHX3 (rs74030209, p = 9.77 × 10−14) and LINC01107 (rs10211400, p = 6.25 × 10−10) for earlobe attachment; and SPATA33 (rs35415928, p = 1.08 × 10−8) for freckles. Functionally, seven identified SNPs tag the missense variants and six may function as eQTLs. The combined polygenic effect of the associations was represented by GPSs and contributions of the variants were evaluated using SNP heritability. Conclusion: These identifications may facilitate a better understanding of the genetic basis of features in the Chinese population and hopefully inspire further genetic research on facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghan Sun
- Genomic & Phenomic Data Center, Chengdu 23Mofang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biobank, Chengdu 23Mofang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Mi
- Department of Biobank, Chengdu 23Mofang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Minyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ding Bai, ; Yan Zhang,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ding Bai, ; Yan Zhang,
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23
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Khabyuk J, Pröls F, Draga M, Scaal M. Development of ribs and intercostal muscles in the chicken embryo. J Anat 2022; 241:831-845. [PMID: 35751554 PMCID: PMC9358761 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the thorax of higher vertebrates, ribs and intercostal muscles play a decisive role in stability and respiratory movements of the body wall. They are derivatives of the somites, the ribs originating in the sclerotome and the intercostal muscles originating in the myotome. During thorax development, ribs and intercostal muscles extend into the lateral plate mesoderm and eventually contact the sternum during ventral closure. Here, we give a detailed description of the morphogenesis of ribs and thoracic muscles in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus). Using Alcian blue staining as well as Sox9 and Desmin whole‐mount immunohistochemistry, we monitor synchronously the development of rib cartilage and intercostal muscle anlagen. We show that the muscle anlagen precede the rib anlagen during ventrolateral extension, which is in line with the inductive role of the myotome in rib differentiation. Our studies furthermore reveal the temporary formation of a previously unknown eighth rib in the chicken embryonic thorax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Khabyuk
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pröls
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margarethe Draga
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Scaal
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Alam SS, Kumar S, Beauchamp MC, Bareke E, Boucher A, Nzirorera N, Dong Y, Padilla R, Zhang SJ, Majewski J, Jerome-Majewska LA. Snrpb is required in murine neural crest cells for proper splicing and craniofacial morphogenesis. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275486. [PMID: 35593225 PMCID: PMC9235875 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in SNRPB, an essential core component of the five small ribonucleoprotein particles of the spliceosome, are responsible for cerebrocostomandibular syndrome (CCMS). We show that Snrpb heterozygous mouse embryos arrest shortly after implantation. Additionally, heterozygous deletion of Snrpb in the developing brain and neural crest cells models craniofacial malformations found in CCMS, and results in death shortly after birth. RNAseq analysis of mutant heads prior to morphological defects revealed increased exon skipping and intron retention in association with increased 5′ splice site strength. We found increased exon skipping in negative regulators of the P53 pathway, along with increased levels of nuclear P53 and P53 target genes. However, removing Trp53 in Snrpb heterozygous mutant neural crest cells did not completely rescue craniofacial development. We also found a small but significant increase in exon skipping of several transcripts required for head and midface development, including Smad2 and Rere. Furthermore, mutant embryos exhibited ectopic or missing expression of Fgf8 and Shh, which are required to coordinate face and brain development. Thus, we propose that mis-splicing of transcripts that regulate P53 activity and craniofacial-specific genes contributes to craniofacial malformations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We report the first mouse model for cerebrocostomandibular syndrome, showing that mis-splicing of transcripts that regulate P53 activity and craniofacial-specific genes contributes to craniofacial malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Shameen Alam
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Shruti Kumar
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Beauchamp
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Eric Bareke
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Alexia Boucher
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Nadine Nzirorera
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yanchen Dong
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Reinnier Padilla
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Si Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Loydie A Jerome-Majewska
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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25
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Ligorio C, Hoyland JA, Saiani A. Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels as Functional Tools to Tackle Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040211. [PMID: 35448112 PMCID: PMC9028266 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is a major contributor to global disability. In its healthy state, the IVD is a tough and well-hydrated tissue, able to act as a shock absorber along the spine. During degeneration, the IVD is hit by a cell-driven cascade of events, which progressively lead to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, chronic inflammation, and pain. Current treatments are divided into palliative care (early stage degeneration) and surgical interventions (late-stage degeneration), which are invasive and poorly efficient in the long term. To overcome these limitations, alternative tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies, in which soft biomaterials are used as injectable carriers of cells and/or biomolecules to be delivered to the injury site and restore tissue function, are currently being explored. Self-assembling peptide hydrogels (SAPHs) represent a promising class of de novo synthetic biomaterials able to merge the strengths of both natural and synthetic hydrogels for biomedical applications. Inherent features, such as shear-thinning behaviour, high biocompatibility, ECM biomimicry, and tuneable physiochemical properties make these hydrogels appropriate and functional tools to tackle IVD degeneration. This review will describe the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration, list biomaterials requirements to attempt IVD repair, and focus on current peptide hydrogel materials exploited for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Ligorio
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, UK;
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK;
| | - Alberto Saiani
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, UK;
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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26
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Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841831. [PMID: 35359439 PMCID: PMC8963184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the fibrocartilaginous joint located between each vertebral body that confers flexibility and weight bearing capabilities to the spine. The IVD plays an important role in absorbing shock and stress applied to the spine, which helps to protect not only the vertebral bones, but also the brain and the rest of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the IVD is correlated with back pain, which can be debilitating and severely affects quality of life. Indeed, back pain results in substantial socioeconomic losses and healthcare costs globally each year, with about 85% of the world population experiencing back pain at some point in their lifetimes. Currently, therapeutic strategies for treating IVD degeneration are limited, and as such, there is great interest in advancing treatments for back pain. Ideally, treatments for back pain would restore native structure and thereby function to the degenerated IVD. However, the complex developmental origin and tissue composition of the IVD along with the avascular nature of the mature disc makes regeneration of the IVD a uniquely challenging task. Investigators across the field of IVD research have been working to elucidate the mechanisms behind the formation of this multifaceted structure, which may identify new therapeutic targets and inform development of novel regenerative strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge base on IVD development, degeneration, and regenerative strategies taken from traditional genetic approaches and omics studies and discusses the future landscape of investigations in IVD research and advancement of clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara T. Hickman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sudiksha Rathan-Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sun H. Peck,
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27
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Shull LC, Lencer ES, Kim HM, Goyama S, Kurokawa M, Costello JC, Jones K, Artinger KB. PRDM paralogs antagonistically balance Wnt/β-catenin activity during craniofacial chondrocyte differentiation. Development 2022; 149:274527. [PMID: 35132438 PMCID: PMC8918787 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cell (NCC)-derived chondrocyte precursors undergo a dynamic differentiation and maturation process to establish a scaffold for subsequent bone formation, alterations in which contribute to congenital birth defects. Here, we demonstrate that transcription factor and histone methyltransferase proteins Prdm3 and Prdm16 control the differentiation switch of cranial NCCs to craniofacial cartilage. Loss of either paralog results in hypoplastic and disorganized chondrocytes due to impaired cellular orientation and polarity. We show that these proteins regulate cartilage differentiation by controlling the timing of Wnt/β-catenin activity in strikingly different ways: Prdm3 represses whereas Prdm16 activates global gene expression, although both act by regulating Wnt enhanceosome activity and chromatin accessibility. Finally, we show that manipulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pharmacologically or generating prdm3-/-;prdm16-/- double mutants rescues craniofacial cartilage defects. Our findings reveal upstream regulatory roles for Prdm3 and Prdm16 in cranial NCCs to control Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity during chondrocyte differentiation to ensure proper development of the craniofacial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lomeli C. Shull
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ezra S. Lencer
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - James C. Costello
- Department of Pharmacology and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin B. Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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28
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Perini J, Pedrosa A, Azevedo GLD, Cardoso J, Guimarães JM, Defino HA. Polymorphisms in paired box 1 gene were associated with susceptibility of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A case–control study. JOURNAL OF CRANIOVERTEBRAL JUNCTION AND SPINE 2022; 13:318-324. [PMID: 36263348 PMCID: PMC9574104 DOI: 10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_54_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objectives: Settings and Design: Materials and Methods: Statistical Analysis: Results: Conclusions:
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29
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Qian Y, Xiong Z, Li Y, Kayser M, Liu L, Liu F. The effects of Tbx15 and Pax1 on facial and other physical morphology in mice. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:1011-1019. [PMID: 34938962 PMCID: PMC8664010 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA variants in or close to the human TBX15 and PAX1 genes have been repeatedly associated with facial morphology in independent genome-wide association studies, while their functional roles in determining facial morphology remain to be understood. We generated Tbx15 knockout (Tbx15 -/-) and Pax1 knockout (Pax1 -/-) mice by applying the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 method. A total of 75 adult mice were used for subsequent phenotype analysis, including 38 Tbx15 mice (10 homozygous Tbx15 -/-, 18 heterozygous Tbx15 +/-, 10 wild-type Tbx15 +/+ WT littermates) and 37 Pax1 mice (12 homozygous Pax1 -/-, 15 heterozygous Pax1 +/-, 10 Pax1 +/+ WT littermates). Facial and other physical morphological phenotypes were obtained from three-dimensional (3D) images acquired with the HandySCAN BLACK scanner. Compared to WT littermates, the Tbx15 -/- mutant mice had significantly shorter faces (p = 1.08E-8, R2 = 0.61) and their ears were in a significantly lower position (p = 3.54E-8, R2 = 0.62) manifesting a "droopy ear" characteristic. Besides these face alternations, Tbx15 -/- mutant mice displayed significantly lower weight as well as shorter body and limb length. Pax1 -/- mutant mice showed significantly longer noses (p = 1.14E-5, R2 = 0.46) relative to WT littermates, but otherwise displayed less obvious morphological alterations than Tbx15 -/- mutant mice did. We provide the first direct functional evidence that two well-known and replicated human face genes, Tbx15 and Pax1, impact facial and other body morphology in mice. The general agreement between our findings in knock-out mice with those from previous GWASs suggests that the functional evidence we established here in mice may also be relevant in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Center for BioinformationBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamthe Netherlands
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30
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Oliver JD, Jones KE, Pierce SE, Hautier L. Size and shape regional differentiation during the development of the spine in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). Evol Dev 2021; 23:496-512. [PMID: 34813149 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters, sloths, and their extinct relatives) are unique among mammals in displaying a distinctive specialization of the posterior trunk vertebrae-supernumerary vertebral xenarthrous articulations. This study seeks to understand how xenarthry develops through ontogeny and if it may be constrained to appear within pre-existing vertebral regions. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on the neural arches of vertebrae, we explore phenotypic, allometric, and disparity patterns of the different axial morphotypes during the ontogeny of nine-banded armadillos. Shape-based regionalization analyses showed that the adult thoracolumbar column is divided into three regions according to the presence or absence of ribs and the presence or absence of xenarthrous articulations. A three-region division was retrieved in almost all specimens through development, although younger stages (e.g., fetuses, neonates) have more region boundary variability. In size-based regionalization analyses, thoracolumbar vertebrae are separated into two regions: a prediaphragmatic, prexenarthrous region, and a postdiaphragmatic xenarthrous region. We show that posterior thoracic vertebrae grow at a slower rate, while anterior thoracics and lumbars grow at a faster rate relatively, with rates decreasing anteroposteriorly in the former and increasing anteroposteriorly in the latter. We propose that different proportions between vertebrae and vertebral regions might result from differences in growth pattern and timing of ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian D Oliver
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katrina E Jones
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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31
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Waldmann L, Leyhr J, Zhang H, Öhman-Mägi C, Allalou A, Haitina T. The broad role of Nkx3.2 in the development of the zebrafish axial skeleton. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255953. [PMID: 34411150 PMCID: PMC8376051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nkx3.2 (Bapx1) is an important chondrocyte maturation inhibitor. Previous Nkx3.2 knockdown and overexpression studies in non-mammalian gnathostomes have focused on its role in primary jaw joint development, while the function of this gene in broader skeletal development is not fully described. We generated a mutant allele of nkx3.2 in zebrafish with CRISPR/Cas9 and applied a range of techniques to characterize skeletal phenotypes at developmental stages from larva to adult, revealing loss of the jaw joint, fusions in bones of the occiput, morphological changes in the Weberian apparatus, and the loss or deformation of bony elements derived from basiventral cartilages of the vertebrae. Axial phenotypes are reminiscent of Nkx3.2 knockout in mammals, suggesting that the function of this gene in axial skeletal development is ancestral to osteichthyans. Our results highlight the broad role of nkx3.2 in zebrafish skeletal development and its context-specific functions in different skeletal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Waldmann
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jake Leyhr
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- Division of Visual Information and Interaction, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Öhman-Mägi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amin Allalou
- Division of Visual Information and Interaction, Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory BioImage Informatics Facility, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Haitina
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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32
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Wang T, Wagner A, Gehwolf R, Yan W, Passini FS, Thien C, Weissenbacher N, Lin Z, Lehner C, Teng H, Wittner C, Zheng Q, Dai J, Ni M, Wang A, Papadimitriou J, Leys T, Tuan RS, Senck S, Snedeker JG, Tempfer H, Jiang Q, Zheng MH, Traweger A. Load-induced regulation of tendon homeostasis by SPARC, a genetic predisposition factor for tendon and ligament injuries. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabe5738. [PMID: 33627488 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and tendon interfaces have a very limited regenerative capacity, rendering their injuries clinically challenging to resolve. Tendons sense muscle-mediated load; however, our knowledge on how loading affects tendon structure and functional adaption remains fragmentary. Here, we provide evidence that the matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is critically involved in the mechanobiology of tendons and is required for tissue maturation, homeostasis, and enthesis development. We show that tendon loading at the early postnatal stage leads to tissue hypotrophy and impaired maturation of Achilles tendon enthesis in Sparc -/- mice. Treadmill training revealed a higher prevalence of spontaneous tendon ruptures and a net catabolic adaptation in Sparc -/- mice. Tendon hypoplasia was attenuated in Sparc -/- mice in response to muscle unloading with botulinum toxin A. In vitro culture of Sparc -/- three-dimensional tendon constructs showed load-dependent impairment of ribosomal S6 kinase activation, resulting in reduced type I collagen synthesis. Further, functional calcium imaging revealed that lower stresses were required to trigger mechanically induced responses in Sparc -/- tendon fascicles. To underscore the clinical relevance of the findings, we further demonstrate that a missense mutation (p.Cys130Gln) in the follistatin-like domain of SPARC, which causes impaired protein secretion and type I collagen fibrillogenesis, is associated with tendon and ligament injuries in patients. Together, our results demonstrate that SPARC is a key extracellular matrix protein essential for load-induced tendon tissue maturation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenjin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fabian S Passini
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Thien
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhen Lin
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Huajian Teng
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Claudia Wittner
- Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Allan Wang
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - John Papadimitriou
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia.,PathWest Laboratories, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Toby Leys
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sasha Senck
- Computed Tomography Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Ming H Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,Australia. .,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Keshvari S, Caruso M, Teakle N, Batoon L, Sehgal A, Patkar OL, Ferrari-Cestari M, Snell CE, Chen C, Stevenson A, Davis FM, Bush SJ, Pridans C, Summers KM, Pettit AR, Irvine KM, Hume DA. CSF1R-dependent macrophages control postnatal somatic growth and organ maturation. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009605. [PMID: 34081701 PMCID: PMC8205168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutation of the Csf1r locus (Csf1rko) in mice, rats and humans leads to multiple postnatal developmental abnormalities. To enable analysis of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic impacts of Csf1r mutation, we bred a rat Csf1rko allele to the inbred dark agouti (DA) genetic background and to a Csf1r-mApple reporter transgene. The Csf1rko led to almost complete loss of embryonic macrophages and ablation of most adult tissue macrophage populations. We extended previous analysis of the Csf1rko phenotype to early postnatal development to reveal impacts on musculoskeletal development and proliferation and morphogenesis in multiple organs. Expression profiling of 3-week old wild-type (WT) and Csf1rko livers identified 2760 differentially expressed genes associated with the loss of macrophages, severe hypoplasia, delayed hepatocyte maturation, disrupted lipid metabolism and the IGF1/IGF binding protein system. Older Csf1rko rats developed severe hepatic steatosis. Consistent with the developmental delay in the liver Csf1rko rats had greatly-reduced circulating IGF1. Transfer of WT bone marrow (BM) cells at weaning without conditioning repopulated resident macrophages in all organs, including microglia in the brain, and reversed the mutant phenotypes enabling long term survival and fertility. WT BM transfer restored osteoclasts, eliminated osteopetrosis, restored bone marrow cellularity and architecture and reversed granulocytosis and B cell deficiency. Csf1rko rats had an elevated circulating CSF1 concentration which was rapidly reduced to WT levels following BM transfer. However, CD43hi non-classical monocytes, absent in the Csf1rko, were not rescued and bone marrow progenitors remained unresponsive to CSF1. The results demonstrate that the Csf1rko phenotype is autonomous to BM-derived cells and indicate that BM contains a progenitor of tissue macrophages distinct from hematopoietic stem cells. The model provides a unique system in which to define the pathways of development of resident tissue macrophages and their local and systemic roles in growth and organ maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Melanie Caruso
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Ngari Teakle
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Lena Batoon
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Omkar L. Patkar
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Michelle Ferrari-Cestari
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Cameron E. Snell
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Alex Stevenson
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kim M. Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Allison R. Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- * E-mail: (KMI); (DAH)
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34
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Namoju R, Chilaka NK. Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates cytarabine-induced developmental anomalies in rat fetus. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:851-868. [PMID: 33225757 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120975114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of cancers and viral infections. It has teratogenic potential and causes a variety of birth defects in fetuses. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant offers protection against the developmental toxicity induced by drug- or toxicant-exposure or pathological conditions. This study was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ALA against Ara-C induced developmental toxicity in rat fetus. Pregnant rats divided into five groups and received normal saline, ALA200 mg/kg, Ara-C12.5 mg/kg, Ara-C25 mg/kg and, Ara-C25 mg/kg plus ALA200 mg/kg respectively from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD14 and sacrificed on GD21. Ara-C treatment led to a significant and dose-dependent decrease in food intake, weight gain, placental weight, and an increase in oxidative stress in pregnant rats. Further, the in-utero exposure to Ara-C led to an increase in fetal mortality, resorptions, oxidative stress, external morphological anomalies and limb abnormalities, and impaired ossification. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of the footprints of Ara-C induced toxicity in pregnant rats as well as the fetus. These findings indicate that the ALA supplementation offers protection against developmental toxicity caused by Ara-C prenatal exposure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanachary Namoju
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naga Kavitha Chilaka
- Department of Pharmacology, 78997GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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35
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Shull LC, Sen R, Menzel J, Goyama S, Kurokawa M, Artinger KB. The conserved and divergent roles of Prdm3 and Prdm16 in zebrafish and mouse craniofacial development. Dev Biol 2020; 461:132-144. [PMID: 32044379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the craniofacial skeleton is a highly dynamic process that requires proper orchestration of various cellular processes in cranial neural crest cell (cNCC) development, including cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, polarity and cell death. Alterations that occur during cNCC development result in congenital birth defects and craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. While the gene regulatory networks facilitating neural crest development have been extensively studied, the epigenetic mechanisms by which these pathways are activated or repressed in a temporal and spatially regulated manner remain largely unknown. Chromatin modifiers can precisely modify gene expression through a variety of mechanisms including histone modifications such as methylation. Here, we investigated the role of two members of the PRDM (Positive regulatory domain) histone methyltransferase family, Prdm3 and Prdm16 in craniofacial development using genetic models in zebrafish and mice. Loss of prdm3 or prdm16 in zebrafish causes craniofacial defects including hypoplasia of the craniofacial cartilage elements, undefined posterior ceratobranchials, and decreased mineralization of the parasphenoid. In mice, while conditional loss of Prdm3 in the early embryo proper causes mid-gestation lethality, loss of Prdm16 caused craniofacial defects including anterior mandibular hypoplasia, clefting in the secondary palate and severe middle ear defects. In zebrafish, prdm3 and prdm16 compensate for each other as well as a third Prdm family member, prdm1a. Combinatorial loss of prdm1a, prdm3, and prdm16 alleles results in severe hypoplasia of the anterior cartilage elements, abnormal formation of the jaw joint, complete loss of the posterior ceratobranchials, and clefting of the ethmoid plate. We further determined that loss of prdm3 and prdm16 reduces methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (repression) and histone 3 lysine 4 (activation) in zebrafish. In mice, loss of Prdm16 significantly decreased histone 3 lysine 9 methylation in the palatal shelves but surprisingly did not change histone 3 lysine 4 methylation. Taken together, Prdm3 and Prdm16 play an important role in craniofacial development by maintaining temporal and spatial regulation of gene regulatory networks necessary for proper cNCC development and these functions are both conserved and divergent across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lomeli Carpio Shull
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rwik Sen
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johannes Menzel
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Draga M, Heim K, Batke R, Wegele M, Pröls F, Scaal M. Somite development in the avian tail. J Anat 2019; 235:716-724. [PMID: 31225912 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Somites are epithelial segments of the paraxial mesoderm. Shortly after their formation, the epithelial somites undergo extensive cellular rearrangements and form specific somite compartments, including the sclerotome and the myotome, which give rise to the axial skeleton and to striated musculature, respectively. The dynamics of somite development varies along the body axis, but most research has focused on somite development at thoracolumbar levels. The development of tail somites has not yet been thoroughly characterized, even though vertebrate tail development has been intensely studied recently with respect to the termination of segmentation and the limitation of body length in evolution. Here, we provide a detailed description of the somites in the avian tail from the beginning of tail formation at HH-stage 20 to the onset of degeneration of tail segments at HH-stage 27. We characterize the formation of somite compartment formation in the tail region with respect to morphology and the expression patterns of the sclerotomal marker gene paired-box gene 1 (Pax1) and the myotomal marker genes MyoD and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5). Our study gives insight into the development of the very last segments formed in the avian embryo, and provides a basis for further research on the development of tail somite derivatives such as tail vertebrae, pygostyle and tail musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Draga
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renate Batke
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Wegele
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pröls
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Scaal
- Institute of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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37
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Mohanty S, Dahia CL. Defects in intervertebral disc and spine during development, degeneration, and pain: New research directions for disc regeneration and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e343. [PMID: 30977275 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral discs are cartilaginous joints present between vertebrae. The centers of the intervertebral discs consist of a gelatinous nucleus pulposus derived from the embryonic notochord. With age or injury, intervertebral discs may degenerate, causing neurological symptoms including back pain, which affects millions of people worldwide. Back pain is a multifactorial disorder, and disc degeneration is one of the primary contributing factors. Recent studies in mice have identified the key molecules involved in the formation of intervertebral discs. Several of these key molecules including sonic hedgehog and Brachyury are not only expressed by notochord during development, but are also expressed by neonatal mouse nucleus pulposus cells, and are crucial for postnatal disc maintenance. These findings suggest that intrinsic signals in each disc may maintain the nucleus pulposus microenvironment. However, since expression of these developmental signals declines with age and degeneration, disc degeneration may be related to the loss of these intrinsic signals. In addition, findings from mouse and other mammalian models have identified similarities between the patterning capabilities of the embryonic notochord and young nucleus pulposus cells, suggesting that mouse is a suitable model system to understand disc development and aging. Future research aimed at understanding the upstream regulators of these developmental signals and the modes by which they regulate disc growth and maintenance will likely provide mechanistic insights into disc growth and aging. Further, such findings will likely provide insights relevant to the development of effective therapies for treatment of back pain and reversing the disc degenerative process. This article is categorized under: Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies Vertebrate Organogenesis > Musculoskeletal and Vascular Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Mohanty
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Chitra L Dahia
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, New York, New York
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38
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Narboux-Neme N, Ekker M, Levi G, Heude E. Posterior axis formation requires Dlx5/Dlx6 expression at the neural plate border. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214063. [PMID: 30889190 PMCID: PMC6424422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs), one of the most common birth defects in human, present a multifactorial etiology with a poorly defined genetic component. The Dlx5 and Dlx6 bigenic cluster encodes two evolutionary conserved homeodomain transcription factors, which are necessary for proper vertebrate development. It has been shown that Dlx5/6 genes are essential for anterior neural tube closure, however their role in the formation of the posterior structures has never been described. Here, we show that Dlx5/6 expression is required during vertebrate posterior axis formation. Dlx5 presents a similar expression pattern in neural plate border cells during posterior neurulation of zebrafish and mouse. Dlx5/6-inactivation in the mouse results in a phenotype reminiscent of NTDs characterized by open thoracic and lumbar vertebral arches and failure of epaxial muscle formation at the dorsal midline. The dlx5a/6a zebrafish morphants present posterior NTDs associated with abnormal delamination of neural crest cells showing altered expression of cell adhesion molecules and defects of motoneuronal development. Our findings provide new molecular leads to decipher the mechanisms of vertebrate posterior neurulation and might help to gather a better understanding of human congenital NTDs etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Narboux-Neme
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7221, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giovanni Levi
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7221, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Eglantine Heude
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7221, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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39
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Son NT, Wilson LAB. Postcranial heterochrony, modularity, integration and disparity in the prenatal ossification in bats (Chiroptera). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30866800 PMCID: PMC6417144 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-powered flight is one of the most energy-intensive types of locomotion found in vertebrates. It is also associated with a range of extreme morpho-physiological adaptations that evolved independently in three different vertebrate groups. Considering that development acts as a bridge between the genotype and phenotype on which selection acts, studying the ossification of the postcranium can potentially illuminate our understanding of bat flight evolution. However, the ontogenetic basis of vertebrate flight remains largely understudied. Advances in quantitative analysis of sequence heterochrony and morphogenetic growth have created novel approaches to study the developmental basis of diversification and the evolvability of skeletal morphogenesis. Assessing the presence of ontogenetic disparity, integration and modularity from an evolutionary approach allows assessing whether flight may have resulted in evolutionary differences in the magnitude and mode of development in bats. RESULTS We quantitatively compared the prenatal ossification of the postcranium (24 bones) between bats (14 species), non-volant mammals (11 species) and birds (14 species), combining for the first time prenatal sequence heterochrony and developmental growth data. Sequence heterochrony was found across groups, showing that bat postcranial development shares patterns found in other flying vertebrates but also those in non-volant mammals. In bats, modularity was found as an axial-appendicular partition, resembling a mammalian pattern of developmental modularity and suggesting flight did not repattern prenatal postcranial covariance in bats. CONCLUSIONS Combining prenatal data from 14 bat species, this study represents the most comprehensive quantitative analysis of chiropteran ossification to date. Heterochrony between the wing and leg in bats could reflect functional needs of the newborn, rather than ecological aspects of the adult. Bats share similarities with birds in the development of structures involved in flight (i.e. handwing and sternum), suggesting that flight altriciality and early ossification of pedal phalanges and sternum are common across flying vertebrates. These results indicate that the developmental modularity found in bats facilitates intramodular phenotypic diversification of the skeleton. Integration and disparity increased across developmental time in bats. We also found a delay in the ossification of highly adaptable and evolvable regions (e.g. handwing and sternum) that are directly associated with flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Aguirre
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, Musashino Art University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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40
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Liu G, Liu S, Li X, Chen J, Chen W, Zuo Y, Liu J, Niu Y, Lin M, Zhao S, Long B, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Zhang J, Shen J, Qiu G, Wu Z, Wu N. Genetic polymorphisms of PAX1 are functionally associated with different PUMC types of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a northern Chinese Han population. Gene 2019; 688:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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Developmental Impairments in a Rat Model of Methyl Donor Deficiency: Effects of a Late Maternal Supplementation with Folic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040973. [PMID: 30813413 PMCID: PMC6413039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 act as methyl donors in the one-carbon metabolism which influences epigenetic mechanisms. We previously showed that an embryofetal deficiency of vitamins B9 and B12 in the rat increased brain expression of let-7a and miR-34a microRNAs involved in the developmental control of gene expression. This was reversed by the maternal supply with folic acid (3 mg/kg/day) during the last third of gestation, resulting in a significant reduction of associated birth defects. Since the postnatal brain is subject to intensive developmental processes, we tested whether further folate supplementation during lactation could bring additional benefits. Vitamin deficiency resulted in weaned pups (21 days) in growth retardation, delayed ossification, brain atrophy and cognitive deficits, along with unchanged brain level of let-7a and decreased expression of miR-34a and miR-23a. Whereas maternal folic acid supplementation helped restore the levels of affected microRNAs, it led to a reduction of structural and functional defects taking place during the perinatal/postnatal periods, such as learning/memory capacities. Our data suggest that a gestational B-vitamin deficiency could affect the temporal control of the microRNA regulation required for normal development. Moreover, they also point out that the continuation of folate supplementation after birth may help to ameliorate neurological symptoms commonly associated with developmental deficiencies in folate and B12.
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Fang C, Wang SY, Liou YL, Chen MH, Ouyang W, Duan KM. The promising role of PAX1 (aliases: HUP48, OFC2) gene methylation in cancer screening. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e506. [PMID: 30636379 PMCID: PMC6418350 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paired‐box gene 1 (PAX1), a member of the PAX family, plays a role in pattern formation during embryogenesis, and might be essential for development of the vertebral column. Methods PAX1 is silenced by methylation in several cancers and is considered a tumor suppressor gene. Our previous studies reported PAX1 as hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, thereby suggesting it as a potential screening marker. Recently, an increasing number of studies have confirmed PAX1 methylation as a promising biomarker in cervical cancer based on its excellent discriminatory ability between high‐grade cervical lesions and normal tissues, resulting in a reduced necessity for referral for colposcopy and biopsy. Additionally, PAX1 is also hypermethylated in other tumors, including those associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of these tumors. Results This review summarizes reports of PAX1 methylation and its promising role in cancer screening, especially that associated with cervical cancer. Conclusion According to current evidence, combined testing for human papillomavirus and PAX1 methylation analysis represents an efficacious cervical cancer‐screening protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Postdoctoral Research Workstation of Clinical Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Ming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Séguin CA, Chan D, Dahia CL, Gazit Z. Latest advances in intervertebral disc development and progenitor cells. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1030. [PMID: 30687811 PMCID: PMC6338208 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is a concise review aiming to assemble the most relevant topics presented by the authors at ORS-Philadelphia Spine Research Society Fourth International Spine Research Symposium. It centers on the latest advances in disc development, its main structural entities, and the populating cells, with emphasis on the advances in pivotal molecular pathways responsible for forming the intervertebral discs (IVD). The objective of finding and emphasizing pathways and mechanisms that function to control tissue formation is to identify and to explore modifications occurring during normal aging, disease, and tissue repair. Thus, to comprehend that the cellular and molecular basis of tissue degeneration are crucial in the study of the dynamic interplay that includes cell-cell communication, gene regulation, and growth factors required to form a healthy and functional tissue during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryle A Séguin
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chitra L Dahia
- Hospital for Special Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Department of Surgery Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California
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Hammond NL, Brookes KJ, Dixon MJ. Ectopic Hedgehog Signaling Causes Cleft Palate and Defective Osteogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1485-1493. [PMID: 29975848 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518785336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common birth defect that frequently occurs in human congenital malformations caused by mutations in components of the Sonic Hedgehog (S HH) signaling cascade. Shh is expressed in dynamic, spatiotemporal domains within epithelial rugae and plays a key role in driving epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that are central to development of the secondary palate. However, the gene regulatory networks downstream of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling are incompletely characterized. Here, we show that ectopic Hh signaling in the palatal mesenchyme disrupts oral-nasal patterning of the neural crest cell-derived ectomesenchyme of the palatal shelves, leading to defective palatine bone formation and fully penetrant cleft palate. We show that a series of Fox transcription factors, including the novel direct target Foxl1, function downstream of Hh signaling in the secondary palate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Wnt/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists, in particular Sostdc1, are positively regulated by Hh signaling, concomitant with downregulation of key regulators of osteogenesis and BMP signaling effectors. Our data demonstrate that ectopic Hh-Smo signaling downregulates Wnt/BMP pathways, at least in part by upregulating Sostdc1, resulting in cleft palate and defective osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Hammond
- 1 Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K J Brookes
- 1 Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,2 Current address: Human Genetics, Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - M J Dixon
- 1 Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Cesario JM, Landin Malt A, Chung JU, Khairallah MP, Dasgupta K, Asam K, Deacon LJ, Choi V, Almaidhan AA, Darwiche NA, Kim J, Johnson RL, Jeong J. Anti-osteogenic function of a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LMX1B is essential to early patterning of the calvaria. Dev Biol 2018; 443:103-116. [PMID: 29852132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The calvaria (upper part of the skull) is made of plates of bone and fibrous joints (sutures and fontanelles), and the proper balance and organization of these components are crucial to normal development of the calvaria. In a mouse embryo, the calvaria develops from a layer of head mesenchyme that surrounds the brain from shortly after mid-gestation. The mesenchyme just above the eye (supra-orbital mesenchyme, SOM) generates ossification centers for the bones, which then grow toward the apex gradually. In contrast, the mesenchyme apical to SOM (early migrating mesenchyme, EMM), including the area at the vertex, does not generate an ossification center. As a result, the dorsal midline of the head is occupied by sutures and fontanelles at birth. To date, the molecular basis for this regional difference in developmental programs is unknown. The current study provides vital insights into the genetic regulation of calvarial patterning. First, we showed that osteogenic signals were active in both EMM and SOM during normal development, which suggested the presence of an anti-osteogenic factor in EMM to counter the effect of these signals. Subsequently, we identified Lmx1b as an anti-osteogenic gene that was expressed in EMM but not in SOM. Furthermore, head mesenchyme-specific deletion of Lmx1b resulted in heterotopic ossification from EMM at the vertex, and craniosynostosis affecting multiple sutures. Conversely, forced expression of Lmx1b in SOM was sufficient to inhibit osteogenic specification. Therefore, we conclude that Lmx1b plays a key role as an anti-osteogenic factor in patterning the head mesenchyme into areas with different osteogenic competence. In turn, this patterning event is crucial to generating the proper organization of the bones and soft tissue joints of the calvaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry M Cesario
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - André Landin Malt
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jong Uk Chung
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael P Khairallah
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lindsay J Deacon
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Veronica Choi
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Asma A Almaidhan
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nadine A Darwiche
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States.
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Ward L, Pang ASW, Evans SE, Stern CD. The role of the notochord in amniote vertebral column segmentation. Dev Biol 2018; 439:3-18. [PMID: 29654746 PMCID: PMC5971204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vertebral column is segmented, comprising an alternating series of vertebrae and intervertebral discs along the head-tail axis. The vertebrae and outer portion (annulus fibrosus) of the disc are derived from the sclerotome part of the somites, whereas the inner nucleus pulposus of the disc is derived from the notochord. Here we investigate the role of the notochord in vertebral patterning through a series of microsurgical experiments in chick embryos. Ablation of the notochord causes loss of segmentation of vertebral bodies and discs. However, the notochord cannot segment in the absence of the surrounding sclerotome. To test whether the notochord dictates sclerotome segmentation, we grafted an ectopic notochord. We find that the intrinsic segmentation of the sclerotome is dominant over any segmental information the notochord may possess, and no evidence that the chick notochord is intrinsically segmented. We propose that the segmental pattern of vertebral bodies and discs in chick is dictated by the sclerotome, which first signals to the notochord to ensure that the nucleus pulposus develops in register with the somite-derived annulus fibrosus. Later, the notochord is required for maintenance of sclerotome segmentation as the mature vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs form. These results highlight differences in vertebral development between amniotes and teleosts including zebrafish, where the notochord dictates the segmental pattern. The relative importance of the sclerotome and notochord in vertebral patterning has changed significantly during evolution. The chick notochord has no intrinsic segmentation. Neither notochord or sclerotome can segment normally without the other. The notochord attracts sclerotome cells to the midline. Vertebral segmentation involves reciprocal signals between notochord and sclerotome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Ward
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Angel S W Pang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Susan E Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Claudio D Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K..
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Villamil CI. Phenotypic integration of the cervical vertebrae in the Hominoidea (Primates). Evolution 2018; 72:490-517. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina I. Villamil
- Department of Anthropology; Dickinson College; P.O. Box 1773 Carlisle Pennsylvania 17013
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology; New York University; 25 Waverly Place New York New York 10003
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; New York New York 10024
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EGFR controls bone development by negatively regulating mTOR-signaling during osteoblast differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1094-1106. [PMID: 29445126 PMCID: PMC5988706 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr−/− mice) are growth retarded and exhibit severe bone defects that are poorly understood. Here we show that EGFR-deficient mice are osteopenic and display impaired endochondral and intramembranous ossification resulting in irregular mineralization of their bones. This phenotype is recapitulated in mice lacking EGFR exclusively in osteoblasts, but not in mice lacking EGFR in osteoclasts indicating that osteoblasts are responsible for the bone phenotype. Experiments are presented demonstrating that signaling via EGFR stimulates osteoblast proliferation and inhibits their differentiation by suppression of the IGF-1R/mTOR-pathway via ERK1/2-dependent up-regulation of IGFBP-3. Osteoblasts from Egfr−/− mice show increased levels of IGF-1R and hyperactivation of mTOR-pathway proteins, including enhanced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6. The same changes are also seen in Egfr−/− bones. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin decreases osteoblasts differentiation as well as rescues the low bone mass phenotype of Egfr−/− fetuses. Our results demonstrate that suppression of the IGF-1R/mTOR-pathway by EGFR/ERK/IGFBP-3 signaling is necessary for balanced osteoblast maturation providing a mechanism for the skeletal phenotype observed in EGFR-deficient mice.
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Paganini I, Sestini R, Capone G, Putignano A, Contini E, Giotti I, Gensini F, Marozza A, Barilaro A, Porfirio B, Papi L. A novel PAX1
null homozygous mutation in autosomal recessive otofaciocervical syndrome associated with severe combined immunodeficiency. Clin Genet 2017; 92:664-668. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Paganini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - R. Sestini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - G.L. Capone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A.L. Putignano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - E. Contini
- Diagnostic Genetics Unit; Careggi University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - I. Giotti
- Diagnostic Genetics Unit; Careggi University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - F. Gensini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A. Marozza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit; Careggi University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - A. Barilaro
- Neurology Unit; Careggi University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - B. Porfirio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - L. Papi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” Medical Genetics Unit; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Kuta A, Mao Y, Martin T, Ferreira de Sousa C, Whiting D, Zakaria S, Crespo-Enriquez I, Evans P, Balczerski B, Mankoo B, Irvine KD, Francis-West PH. Fat4-Dchs1 signalling controls cell proliferation in developing vertebrae. Development 2017; 143:2367-75. [PMID: 27381226 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The protocadherins Fat4 and Dchs1 act as a receptor-ligand pair to regulate many developmental processes in mice and humans, including development of the vertebrae. Based on conservation of function between Drosophila and mammals, Fat4-Dchs1 signalling has been proposed to regulate planar cell polarity (PCP) and activity of the Hippo effectors Yap and Taz, which regulate cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. There is strong evidence for Fat regulation of PCP in mammals but the link with the Hippo pathway is unclear. In Fat4(-/-) and Dchs1(-/-) mice, many vertebrae are split along the midline and fused across the anterior-posterior axis, suggesting that these defects might arise due to altered cell polarity and/or changes in cell proliferation/differentiation. We show that the somite and sclerotome are specified appropriately, the transcriptional network that drives early chondrogenesis is intact, and that cell polarity within the sclerotome is unperturbed. We find that the key defect in Fat4 and Dchs1 mutant mice is decreased proliferation in the early sclerotome. This results in fewer chondrogenic cells within the developing vertebral body, which fail to condense appropriately along the midline. Analysis of Fat4;Yap and Fat4;Taz double mutants, and expression of their transcriptional target Ctgf, indicates that Fat4-Dchs1 regulates vertebral development independently of Yap and Taz. Thus, we have identified a new pathway crucial for the development of the vertebrae and our data indicate that novel mechanisms of Fat4-Dchs1 signalling have evolved to control cell proliferation within the developing vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kuta
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yaopan Mao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tina Martin
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catia Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Danielle Whiting
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sana Zakaria
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ivan Crespo-Enriquez
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Philippa Evans
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Bartosz Balczerski
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Baljinder Mankoo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kenneth D Irvine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Philippa H Francis-West
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Dental Institute, Guy's Tower, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
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