1
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Ashok A, Kalthur G, Kumar A. Degradation meets development: Implications in β-cell development and diabetes. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:759-776. [PMID: 38499517 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic development is orchestrated by timely synthesis and degradation of stage-specific transcription factors (TFs). The transition from one stage to another stage is dependent on the precise expression of the developmentally relevant TFs. Persistent expression of particular TF would impede the exit from the progenitor stage to the matured cell type. Intracellular protein degradation-mediated protein turnover contributes to a major extent to the turnover of these TFs and thereby dictates the development of different tissues. Since even subtle changes in the crucial cellular pathways would dramatically impact pancreatic β-cell performance, it is generally acknowledged that the biological activity of these pathways is tightly regulated by protein synthesis and degradation process. Intracellular protein degradation is executed majorly by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and Lysosomal degradation pathway. As more than 90% of the TFs are targeted to proteasomal degradation, this review aims to examine the crucial role of UPS in normal pancreatic β-cell development and how dysfunction of these pathways manifests in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. Such understanding would facilitate designing a faithful approach to obtain a therapeutic quality of β-cells from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Ashok
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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2
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Audiger C, Laâbi Y, Nie J, Gibson L, Wilson-Annan J, Brook-Carter P, Kueh A, Harris AW, Naik S, Nutt SL, Strasser A, Adams JM, Bouillet P, Chopin M. Mis-expression of GATA6 re-programs cell fate during early hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114159. [PMID: 38676923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of hematopoiesis is that myeloid cells derive from a common myeloid progenitor (CMP), whereas all lymphoid cell populations, including B, T, and natural killer (NK) cells and possibly plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), arise from a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). In Max41 transgenic mice, nearly all B cells seem to be diverted into the granulocyte lineage. Here, we show that these mice have an excess of myeloid progenitors, but their CLP compartment is ablated, and they have few pDCs. Nevertheless, T cell and NK cell development proceeds relatively normally. These hematopoietic abnormalities result from aberrant expression of Gata6 due to serendipitous insertion of the transgene enhancer (Eμ) in its proximity. Gata6 mis-expression in Max41 transgenic progenitors promoted the gene-regulatory networks that drive myelopoiesis through increasing expression of key transcription factors, including PU.1 and C/EBPa. Thus, mis-expression of a single key regulator like GATA6 can dramatically re-program multiple aspects of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Audiger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yacine Laâbi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Junli Nie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leonie Gibson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julie Wilson-Annan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Phillip Brook-Carter
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alan W Harris
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shalin Naik
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Jerry M Adams
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Bouillet
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Michaël Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 15 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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3
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Huyghe A, Trajkova A, Lavial F. Cellular plasticity in reprogramming, rejuvenation and tumorigenesis: a pioneer TF perspective. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:255-267. [PMID: 37648593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The multistep process of in vivo reprogramming, mediated by the transcription factors (TFs) Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM), holds great promise for the development of rejuvenating and regenerative strategies. However, most of the approaches developed so far are accompanied by a persistent risk of tumorigenicity. Here, we review the groundbreaking effects of in vivo reprogramming with a particular focus on rejuvenation and regeneration. We discuss how the activity of pioneer TFs generates cellular plasticity that may be critical for inducing not only reprogramming and regeneration, but also cancer initiation. Finally, we highlight how a better understanding of the uncoupled control of cellular identity, plasticity, and aging during reprogramming might pave the way to the development of rejuvenating/regenerating strategies in a nontumorigenic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Huyghe
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aneta Trajkova
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Cellular Reprogramming, Stem Cells and Oncogenesis Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Labex Dev2Can - Univeristy of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
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4
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Odogwu NM, Hagen C, Nelson TJ. Transcriptome studies of congenital heart diseases: identifying current gaps and therapeutic frontiers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1278747. [PMID: 38152655 PMCID: PMC10751320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1278747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) are genetically complex and comprise a wide range of structural defects that often predispose to - early heart failure, a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Transcriptome studies of CHD in human pediatric patients indicated a broad spectrum of diverse molecular signatures across various types of CHD. In order to advance research on congenital heart diseases (CHDs), we conducted a detailed review of transcriptome studies on this topic. Our analysis identified gaps in the literature, with a particular focus on the cardiac transcriptome signatures found in various biological specimens across different types of CHDs. In addition to translational studies involving human subjects, we also examined transcriptomic analyses of CHDs in a range of model systems, including iPSCs and animal models. We concluded that RNA-seq technology has revolutionized medical research and many of the discoveries from CHD transcriptome studies draw attention to biological pathways that concurrently open the door to a better understanding of cardiac development and related therapeutic avenue. While some crucial impediments to perfectly studying CHDs in this context remain obtaining pediatric cardiac tissue samples, phenotypic variation, and the lack of anatomical/spatial context with model systems. Combining model systems, RNA-seq technology, and integrating algorithms for analyzing transcriptomic data at both single-cell and high throughput spatial resolution is expected to continue uncovering unique biological pathways that are perturbed in CHDs, thus facilitating the development of novel therapy for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechi Martina Odogwu
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clinton Hagen
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Nelson
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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5
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Rao J, Djeffal Y, Chal J, Marchianò F, Wang CH, Al Tanoury Z, Gapon S, Mayeuf-Louchart A, Glass I, Sefton EM, Habermann B, Kardon G, Watt FM, Tseng YH, Pourquié O. Reconstructing human brown fat developmental trajectory in vitro. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2359-2375.e8. [PMID: 37647896 PMCID: PMC10873093 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes (BAs) represent a specialized cell type that is able to uncouple nutrient catabolism from ATP generation to dissipate energy as heat. In humans, the brown fat tissue is composed of discrete depots found throughout the neck and trunk region. BAs originate from a precursor common to skeletal muscle, but their developmental trajectory remains poorly understood. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the development of interscapular brown fat in mice. Our analysis identified a transient stage of BA differentiation characterized by the expression of the transcription factor GATA6. We show that recapitulating the sequence of signaling cues identified in mice can lead to efficient differentiation of BAs in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells. These precursors can in turn be efficiently converted into functional BAs that can respond to signals mimicking adrenergic stimuli by increasing their metabolism, resulting in heat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yannis Djeffal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jerome Chal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fabio Marchianò
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Svetlana Gapon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Sefton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, The Turing Center for Living Systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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6
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Pham PD, Lu H, Han H, Zhou JJ, Madan A, Wang W, Murre C, Cho KWY. Transcriptional network governing extraembryonic endoderm cell fate choice. Dev Biol 2023; 502:20-37. [PMID: 37423592 PMCID: PMC10550205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which transcription factor (TF) network instructs cell-type-specific transcriptional programs to drive primitive endoderm (PrE) progenitors to commit to parietal endoderm (PE) versus visceral endoderm (VE) cell fates remains poorly understood. To address the question, we analyzed the single-cell transcriptional signatures defining PrE, PE, and VE cell states during the onset of the PE-VE lineage bifurcation. By coupling with the epigenomic comparison of active enhancers unique to PE and VE cells, we identified GATA6, SOX17, and FOXA2 as central regulators for the lineage divergence. Transcriptomic analysis of cXEN cells, an in vitro model for PE cells, after the acute depletion of GATA6 or SOX17 demonstrated that these factors induce Mycn, imparting the self-renewal properties of PE cells. Concurrently, they suppress the VE gene program, including key genes like Hnf4a and Ttr, among others. We proceeded with RNA-seq analysis on cXEN cells with FOXA2 knockout, in conjunction with GATA6 or SOX17 depletion. We found FOXA2 acts as a potent suppressor of Mycn while simultaneously activating the VE gene program. The antagonistic gene regulatory activities of GATA6/SOX17 and FOXA2 in promoting alternative cell fates, and their physical co-bindings at the enhancers provide molecular insights to the plasticity of the PrE lineage. Finally, we show that the external cue, BMP signaling, promotes the VE cell fate by activation of VE TFs and repression of PE TFs including GATA6 and SOX17. These data reveal a putative core gene regulatory module that underpins PE and VE cell fate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duyen Pham
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hanbin Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jeff Jiajing Zhou
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aarushi Madan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cornelis Murre
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Ken W Y Cho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Gahurova L, Tomankova J, Cerna P, Bora P, Kubickova M, Virnicchi G, Kovacovicova K, Potesil D, Hruska P, Zdrahal Z, Anger M, Susor A, Bruce AW. Spatial positioning of preimplantation mouse embryo cells is regulated by mTORC1 and m 7G-cap-dependent translation at the 8- to 16-cell transition. Open Biol 2023; 13:230081. [PMID: 37553074 PMCID: PMC10409569 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation mouse embryo development involves temporal-spatial specification and segregation of three blastocyst cell lineages: trophectoderm, primitive endoderm and epiblast. Spatial separation of the outer-trophectoderm lineage from the two other inner-cell-mass (ICM) lineages starts with the 8- to 16-cell transition and concludes at the 32-cell stages. Accordingly, the ICM is derived from primary and secondary contributed cells; with debated relative EPI versus PrE potencies. We report generation of primary but not secondary ICM populations is highly dependent on temporal activation of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) during 8-cell stage M-phase entry, mediated via regulation of the 7-methylguanosine-cap (m7G-cap)-binding initiation complex (EIF4F) and linked to translation of mRNAs containing 5' UTR terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP-) sequence motifs, as knockdown of identified TOP-like motif transcripts impairs generation of primary ICM founders. However, mTOR inhibition-induced ICM cell number deficits in early blastocysts can be compensated by the late blastocyst stage, after inhibitor withdrawal; compensation likely initiated at the 32-cell stage when supernumerary outer cells exhibit molecular characteristics of inner cells. These data identify a novel mechanism specifically governing initial spatial segregation of mouse embryo blastomeres, that is distinct from those directing subsequent inner cell formation, contributing to germane segregation of late blastocyst lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Gahurova
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Tomankova
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cerna
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pablo Bora
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kubickova
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgio Virnicchi
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- Laboratory of Cell Division Control, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hruska
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Laboratory of Cell Division Control, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Susor
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Germ Cells, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander W. Bruce
- Laboratory of Early Mammalian Developmental Biology (LEMDB), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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8
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Yamamoto T, Tsuge T, Araki M, Maeda M. Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent proteolysis of GATA6 by proteasome: Zinc-finger domain of GATA6 has signals for nuclear export and proteolysis, both of which are responsive to cAMP. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:1-9. [PMID: 36740253 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA6 stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and degraded there by proteasome upon treatment with dibutylyl-cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), which is a membrane-permeable cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogue. The cAMP-dependent proteolysis of GATA6 was characterized by dissection of the GATA6 protein into a zinc-finger domain (Zf) and the surrounding region (ΔZf). These segments were separately expressed in CHO-K1 cells stably, and followed by treatment with dbcAMP. The nuclear localized Zf was degraded by proteasome similarly to the full-length GATA6. Site-directed mutants of nuclear localizing signal (NLS) (345RKRKPK350 → AAAAPK and AAAAPA) and closely related GATA4 showed the same behavior. Although nuclear-localized ΔZf was degraded by proteasome, the cytoplasmic-located ΔZf was resistant to proteolysis in contrast to the NLS mutants. We also searched for a potential NLS and nuclear export signal (NES) with computational prediction programs and compared the results with ours. All these results suggest that the amino acid sequence(s) of the Zf of GATA6 is responsive to cAMP-dependent nuclear export and proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuge
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masatomo Maeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Viger RS, de Mattos K, Tremblay JJ. Insights Into the Roles of GATA Factors in Mammalian Testis Development and the Control of Fetal Testis Gene Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902198. [PMID: 35692407 PMCID: PMC9178088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how genes get turned on and off in a correct spatiotemporal manner is integral to our understanding of the development, differentiation, and function of different cell types in both health and disease. Testis development and subsequent male sex differentiation of the XY fetus are well-orchestrated processes that require an intricate network of cell-cell communication and hormonal signals that must be properly interpreted at the genomic level. Transcription factors are at the forefront for translating these signals into a coordinated genomic response. The GATA family of transcriptional regulators were first described as essential regulators of hematopoietic cell differentiation and heart morphogenesis but are now known to impact the development and function of a multitude of tissues and cell types. The mammalian testis is no exception where GATA factors play essential roles in directing the expression of genes crucial not only for testis differentiation but also testis function in the developing male fetus and later in adulthood. This minireview provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of GATA factors in the male gonad with a particular emphasis on their mechanisms of action in the control of testis development, gene expression in the fetal testis, testicular disease, and XY sex differentiation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Viger
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robert S. Viger,
| | - Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J. Tremblay
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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10
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Malinova A, Veghini L, Real FX, Corbo V. Cell Lineage Infidelity in PDAC Progression and Therapy Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:795251. [PMID: 34926472 PMCID: PMC8675127 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infidelity to cell fate occurs when differentiated cells lose their original identity and either revert to a more multipotent state or transdifferentiate into a different cell type, either within the same embryonic lineage or in an entirely different one. Whilst in certain circumstances, such as in wound repair, this process is beneficial, it can be hijacked by cancer cells to drive disease initiation and progression. Cell phenotype switching has been shown to also serve as a mechanism of drug resistance in some epithelial cancers. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the role of lineage infidelity and phenotype switching is still unclear. Two consensus molecular subtypes of PDAC have been proposed that mainly reflect the existence of cell lineages with different degrees of fidelity to pancreatic endodermal precursors. Indeed, the classical subtype of PDAC is characterised by the expression of endodermal lineage specifying transcription factors, while the more aggressive basal-like/squamous subtype is defined by epigenetic downregulation of endodermal genes and alterations in chromatin modifiers. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of mechanisms (genetic and epigenetic) of cell fate switching in PDAC and discuss how pancreatic organoids might help increase our understanding of both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors governing lineage infidelity during the distinct phases of PDAC evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Malinova
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lisa Veghini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Huang GJ, Xie XL, Zou Y. MiR-23b targets GATA6 to down-regulate IGF-1 and promote the development of congenital heart disease. Acta Cardiol 2021; 77:375-384. [PMID: 34582317 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1948207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most universal congenital defect disease. This study explores the interrelationship between miR-23b and GTAT6 in the development of CHD. METHODS We collected clinical samples and constructed in vitro cell models to evaluate the expression of miR-23b, GATA6, and IGF-1. CHD cell models were constructed by hypoxia in H9C2 cells. The expression levels of GATA6 and IGF-1 in H9C2 cells were determined by western blot and qPCR. MiR-23b was knocked down by transfection miR-23b inhibitor. GATA6 knockdown or overexpression vectors were established by the lentiviral approach and cell transfection, respectively. According to the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, the proliferation and apoptosis of H9C2 cells were detected. The binding relationship between GATA6 and miR-23b was detected by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression level of miR-23b was escalated abnormally, while the expression levels of GATA6 and IGF-1 were decreased in the serum of CHD clinical patients and cell models. miR-23b knockdown in H9C2 cells could up-regulate the expression of GATA6, thus improved the proliferation and decreased apoptosis of H9C2 cells. Overexpression of GATA6 could up-regulate IGF-1 to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in H9C2 cells. MiR-23b could target GATA6 and regulated IGF-1, thus affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The expression level of miR-23b was remarkably up-regulated in serum of CHD patients and H9C2 cells in vitro, while the expression of GATA6 and IGF-1 was significantly decreased. MiR-23b could influence the proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by targeting the down-regulation of the GATA6/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jin Huang
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xue-Liang Xie
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Fiorentino J, Torres-Padilla ME, Scialdone A. Measuring and Modeling Single-Cell Heterogeneity and Fate Decision in Mouse Embryos. Annu Rev Genet 2020; 54:167-187. [PMID: 32867543 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-021920-110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a property of any living system; however, its relationship with cellular fate decision remains an open question. Recent technological advances have enabled valuable insights, especially in complex systems such as the mouse embryo. In this review, we discuss recent studies that characterize cellular heterogeneity at different levels during mouse development, from the two-cell stage up to gastrulation. In addition to key experimental findings, we review mathematical modeling approaches that help researchers interpret these findings. Disentangling the role of heterogeneity in cell fate decision will likely rely on the refined integration of experiments, large-scale omics data, and mathematical modeling, complemented by the use of synthetic embryos and gastruloids as promising in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fiorentino
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany; .,Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE) and Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany; .,Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-81377 München, Germany; .,Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE) and Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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STAT3-Inducible Mouse ESCs: A Model to Study the Role of STAT3 in ESC Maintenance and Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8632950. [PMID: 30254684 PMCID: PMC6142778 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8632950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that STAT3 is essential in maintaining self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and modulates ESC differentiation. However, there is still lack of direct evidence on STAT3 functions in ESCs and embryogenesis because constitutive STAT3 knockout (KO) mouse is embryonic lethal at E6.5-E7.5, prior to potential functional role in early development can be assessed. Therefore, in this study, two inducible STAT3 ESC lines were established, including the STAT3 knockout (InSTAT3 KO) and pSTAT3 overexpressed (InSTAT3 CA) using Tet-on inducible system in which STAT3 expression can be strictly controlled by doxycycline (Dox) stimulation. Through genotyping, deletion of STAT3 alleles was detected in InSTAT3 KO ESCs following 24 hours Dox stimulation. Western blot also showed that pSTAT3 and STAT3 protein levels were significantly reduced in InSTAT3 KO ESCs while dominantly elevated in InSTAT3 CA ECSs upon Dox stimulation. Likewise, it was found that STAT3-null ESCs would affect the differentiation of ESCs into mesoderm and cardiac lineage. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that InSTAT3 KO and InSTAT3 CA ESCs could provide a new tool to clarify the direct targets of STAT3 and its role in ESC maintenance, which will facilitate the elaboration of the mechanisms whereby STAT3 maintains ESC pluripotency and regulates ESC differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Abstract
We present an overview of symmetry breaking in early mammalian development as a continuous process from compaction to specification of the body axes. While earlier studies have focused on individual symmetry-breaking events, recent advances enable us to explore progressive symmetry breaking during early mammalian development. Although we primarily discuss embryonic development of the mouse, as it is the best-studied mammalian model system to date, we also highlight the shared and distinct aspects between different mammalian species. Finally, we discuss how insights gained from studying mammalian development can be generalized in light of self-organization principles. With this review, we hope to highlight new perspectives in studying symmetry breaking and self-organization in multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ting Zhang
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Takashi Hiiragi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
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15
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Simon CS, Hadjantonakis AK, Schröter C. Making lineage decisions with biological noise: Lessons from the early mouse embryo. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e319. [PMID: 29709110 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how individual cells make fate decisions that lead to the faithful formation and homeostatic maintenance of tissues is a fundamental goal of contemporary developmental and stem cell biology. Seemingly uniform populations of stem cells and multipotent progenitors display a surprising degree of heterogeneity, primarily originating from the inherent stochastic nature of molecular processes underlying gene expression. Despite this heterogeneity, lineage decisions result in tissues of a defined size and with consistent proportions of differentiated cell types. Using the early mouse embryo as a model we review recent developments that have allowed the quantification of molecular intercellular heterogeneity during cell differentiation. We first discuss the relationship between these heterogeneities and developmental cellular potential. We then review recent theoretical approaches that formalize the mechanisms underlying fate decisions in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst stage embryo. These models build on our extensive knowledge of the genetic control of fate decisions in this system and will become essential tools for a rigorous understanding of the connection between noisy molecular processes and reproducible outcomes at the multicellular level. We conclude by suggesting that cell-to-cell communication provides a mechanism to exploit and buffer intercellular variability in a self-organized process that culminates in the reproducible formation of the mature mammalian blastocyst stage embryo that is ready for implantation into the maternal uterus. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Quantitative Methods and Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Simon
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christian Schröter
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
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16
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Hayashi S, Akiyama R, Wong J, Tahara N, Kawakami H, Kawakami Y. Gata6-Dependent GLI3 Repressor Function is Essential in Anterior Limb Progenitor Cells for Proper Limb Development. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006138. [PMID: 27352137 PMCID: PMC4924869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gli3 is a major regulator of Hedgehog signaling during limb development. In the anterior mesenchyme, GLI3 is proteolytically processed into GLI3R, a truncated repressor form that inhibits Hedgehog signaling. Although numerous studies have identified mechanisms that regulate Gli3 function in vitro, it is not completely understood how Gli3 function is regulated in vivo. In this study, we show a novel mechanism of regulation of GLI3R activities in limb buds by Gata6, a member of the GATA transcription factor family. We show that conditional inactivation of Gata6 prior to limb outgrowth by the Tcre deleter causes preaxial polydactyly, the formation of an anterior extra digit, in hindlimbs. A recent study suggested that Gata6 represses Shh transcription in hindlimb buds. However, we found that ectopic Hedgehog signaling precedes ectopic Shh expression. In conjunction, we observed Gata6 and Gli3 genetically interact, and compound heterozygous mutants develop preaxial polydactyly without ectopic Shh expression, indicating an additional prior mechanism to prevent polydactyly. These results support the idea that Gata6 possesses dual roles during limb development: enhancement of Gli3 repressor function to repress Hedgehog signaling in the anterior limb bud, and negative regulation of Shh expression. Our in vitro and in vivo studies identified that GATA6 physically interacts with GLI3R to facilitate nuclear localization of GLI3R and repressor activities of GLI3R. Both the genetic and biochemical data elucidates a novel mechanism by Gata6 to regulate GLI3R activities in the anterior limb progenitor cells to prevent polydactyly and attain proper development of the mammalian autopod. Gli3 is a major regulator of Hedgehog signaling in the limb, where Gli3 counteracts Sonic hedgehog (Shh) for patterning and proliferative expansion of limb progenitor cells. In the anterior limb mesenchyme, GLI3 is proteolytically processed into GLI3R, a truncated repressor form that inhibits Hedgehog signaling. In this study, we show a novel mechanism of regulation of GLI3R activities in limb buds by Gata6, a member of GATA transcription factor family. Conditional inactivation of Gata6 in mice caused formation of an extra digit in the anterior hindlimbs, a common congenital limb malformation. This phenotype was associated with ectopic Hedgehog signaling activation, and later ectopic Shh expression, in the anterior of hindlimb buds. We show that Gata6; Gli3 compound heterozygous mutants developed anterior extradigit without ectopic Shh expression, indicating there to be an additional and prior mechanism before ectopic Shh activation that induces extradigit formation. We identified that GATA6 physically interacts with GLI3R and that the interaction facilitates nuclear localization of GLI3R and repressor activities of GLI3R. Therefore, our study identified a novel mechanism by Gata6 to regulate GLI3R activities in the anterior limb mesenchyme to prevent extra digit formation and proper development of the mammalian autopod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryutaro Akiyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia Wong
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Rajendran S, Sundaresan L, Rajendran K, Selvaraj M, Gupta R, Chatterjee S. The expression dynamics of mechanosensitive genes in extra-embryonic vasculature after heart starts to beat in chick embryo. Biorheology 2016; 53:33-47. [PMID: 26889656 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid flow plays an important role in vascular development. However, the detailed mechanisms, particularly the link between flow and modulation of gene expression during vascular development, remain unexplored. In chick embryo, the key events of vascular development from initiation of heart beat to establishment of effective blood flow occur between the stages HH10 and HH13. Therefore, we propose a novel in vivo model to study the flow experienced by developing endothelium. OBJECTIVE Using this model, we aimed to capture the transcriptome dynamics of the pre- and post-flow conditions. METHODS RNA was isolated from extra embryonic area vasculosa (EE-AV) pooled from three chick embryos between HH10-HH13 and RNA sequencing was performed. RESULTS The whole transcriptome sequencing of chick identified up-regulation of some of the previously well-known mechanosensitive genes including NFR2, HAND1, CTGF and KDR. GO analyses of the up-regulated genes revealed enrichment of several biological processes including heart development, extracellular matrix organization, cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, blood vessel development, patterning of blood vessels, collagen fibril organization. Genes encoding for gap junctions proteins which are involved in vascular remodeling and arterial-venous differentiation, and genes involved in cell-cell adhesion, and ECM interactions were significantly up-regulated. Validation of selected genes through semi quantitative PCR was performed. CONCLUSION The study indicates that shear stress plays a major role in development. Through appropriate validation, this platform can serve as an in vivo model to study conditions of disturbed flow in pathology as well as normal flow during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Rajendran
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Krithika Rajendran
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monica Selvaraj
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- SciGenom Labs Pvt. Ltd, CSEZ, Cochin, Kerala, India.,Medgenome Labs Pvt. Ltd, 3rd Floor, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Tevosian SG. Transgenic mouse models in the study of reproduction: insights into GATA protein function. Reproduction 2014; 148:R1-R14. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the past 2 decades, transgenic technology in mice has allowed for an unprecedented insight into the transcriptional control of reproductive development and function. The key factor among the mouse genetic tools that made this rapid advance possible is a conditional transgenic approach, a particularly versatile method of creating gene deletions and substitutions in the mouse genome. A centerpiece of this strategy is an enzyme, Cre recombinase, which is expressed from defined DNA regulatory elements that are active in the tissue of choice. The regulatory DNA element (either genetically engineered or natural) assures Cre expression only in predetermined cell types, leading to the guided deletion of genetically modified (flanked by loxP or ‘floxed’ byloxP) gene loci. This review summarizes and compares the studies in which genes encoding GATA family transcription factors were targeted either globally or by Cre recombinases active in the somatic cells of ovaries and testes. The conditional gene loss experiments require detailed knowledge of the spatial and temporal expression of Cre activity, and the challenges in interpreting the outcomes are highlighted. These studies also expose the complexity of GATA-dependent regulation of gonadal gene expression and suggest that gene function is highly context dependent.
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20
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Abstract
During mammalian preimplantation development, the fertilised egg gives rise to a group of pluripotent embryonic cells, the epiblast, and to the extraembryonic lineages that support the development of the foetus during subsequent phases of development. This preimplantation period not only accommodates the first cell fate decisions in a mammal's life but also the transition from a totipotent cell, the zygote, capable of producing any cell type in the animal, to cells with a restricted developmental potential. The cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the balance between developmental potential and lineage specification have intrigued developmental biologists for decades. The preimplantation mouse embryo offers an invaluable system to study cell differentiation as well as the emergence and maintenance of pluripotency in the embryo. Here we review the most recent findings on the mechanisms controlling these early cell fate decisions. The model that emerges from the current evidence indicates that cell differentiation in the preimplantation embryo depends on cellular interaction and intercellular communication. This strategy underlies the plasticity of the early mouse embryo and ensures the correct specification of the first mammalian cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Saiz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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21
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Shen XH, Cui XS, Lee SH, Kim NH. Interleukin-6 enhances porcine parthenote development in vitro, through the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway. J Reprod Dev 2012; 58:453-60. [PMID: 22522232 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) plays a central role in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated cell proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis in a variety of cell types. The Stat3 pathway is essential for embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant IL-6 on the viability and development of porcine diploid parthenotes cultured in vitro. Four-cell parthenotes, derived in vitro, were cultured to the blastocyst stage, with or without recombinant IL-6. The addition of 10 or 100 ng/ml of recombinant swine IL-6 into PZM3 medium increased the development rate of parthenotes to the blastocyst stage (P<0.05). When supplemented with 10 ng/ml of recombinant swine IL-6, the number of parthenotes at the blastocyst stage increased (P<0.05) and apoptosis decreased (P<0.05). Real-time RT-PCR experiments revealed that the addition of recombinant swine IL-6 decreased the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase3 (P<0.01) but increased the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2l1 and Survivin. IL-6 receptors and Stat3 mRNA expression were upregulated after treatment with 10 ng/ml recombinant swine IL-6. Immunoblots and fluorescence labeling experiments showed that the levels of phosphorylated Stat3 were upregulated. These results suggest that recombinant swine IL-6 prevents apoptosis of porcine parthenotes and enhances porcine embryo viability through the IL-6/Stat3 signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
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22
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Stem cells giving rise to extraembryonic tissues. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 150:504-14. [PMID: 22268054 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The review is devoted to characterization of stem cells involved in the formation of extraembryonic tissues during the early development of mammalian embryos. Here we present our results of characterization of stem cells from the trophoblast and extraembryonic endoderm of voles and comparative analysis of these cells and the corresponding mouse cells and discuss possible signal pathways maintaining these cells in undifferentiated state.
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Kuijk EW, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Geijsen N, Macklon N, Roelen BA. The different shades of mammalian pluripotent stem cells. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:254-71. [PMID: 20705693 PMCID: PMC3039219 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent stem cells have been derived from a variety of sources such as from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos, from primordial germ cells, from teratocarcinomas and from male germ cells. The recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrates that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state in vitro. METHODS This review summarizes our current understanding of the origins of mouse and human pluripotent cells. We pay specific attention to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in pluripotent cells and germ cells. Furthermore, we discuss developmental aspects in the germline that seem to be of importance for the transition of germ cells towards pluripotency. This review is based on literature from the Pubmed database, using Boolean search statements with relevant keywords on the subject. RESULTS There are distinct molecular mechanisms involved in the generation and maintenance of the various pluripotent cell types. Furthermore, there are important similarities and differences between the different categories of pluripotent cells in terms of phenotype and epigenetic modifications. Pluripotent cell lines from various origins differ in growth characteristics, developmental potential, transcriptional activity and epigenetic regulation. Upon derivation, pluripotent stem cells generally acquire new properties, but they often also retain a 'footprint' of their tissue of origin. CONCLUSIONS In order to further our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying self-renewal and pluripotency, a thorough comparison between different pluripotent stem cell types is required. This will progress the use of stem cells in basic biology, drug discovery and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart W. Kuijk
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niels Geijsen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nick Macklon
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Disease, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Bernard A.J. Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Capo-chichi CD, Smedberg JL, Rula M, Nicolas E, Yeung AT, Adamo RF, Frolov A, Godwin AK, Xu XX. Alteration of Differentiation Potentials by Modulating GATA Transcription Factors in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2010; 2010:602068. [PMID: 21048850 PMCID: PMC2956456 DOI: 10.4061/2010/602068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be differentiated in vitro by aggregation and/or retinoic acid (RA) treatment. The principal differentiation lineage in vitro is extraembryonic primitive endoderm. Dab2, Laminin, GATA4, GATA5, and GATA6 are expressed in embryonic primitive endoderm and play critical roles in its lineage commitment. Results. We found that in the absence of GATA4 or GATA5, RA-induced primitive endoderm differentiation of ES cells was reduced. GATA4 (-/-) ES cells express higher level of GATA5, GATA6, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha marker of visceral endoderm lineage. GATA5 (-/-) ES cells express higher level of alpha fetoprotein marker of early liver development. GATA6 (-/-) ES cells express higher level of GATA5 as well as mesoderm and cardiomyocyte markers which are collagen III alpha-1 and tropomyosin1 alpha. Thus, deletion of GATA6 precluded endoderm differentiation but promoted mesoderm lineages. Conclusions. GATA4, GATA5, and GATA6 each convey a unique gene expression pattern and influences ES cell differentiation. We showed that ES cells can be directed to avoid differentiating into primitive endoderm and to adopt unique lineages in vitro by modulating GATA factors. The finding offers a potential approach to produce desirable cell types from ES cells, useful for regenerative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callinice D. Capo-chichi
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue (M877), Miami, FL 33156, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Smedberg
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Malgorzata Rula
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Anthony T. Yeung
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Richard F. Adamo
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andrey Frolov
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1550 NW 10th Avenue (M877), Miami, FL 33156, USA
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Chazaud C. [Early embryogenesis in mammals: stem cells and first commitment steps]. Med Sci (Paris) 2009; 24:1043-8. [PMID: 19116112 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/200824121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, embryonic and extraembryonic cell lineages segregate during the first steps of cell differentiation in the preimplantation embryo. Indeed, mammal embryos contain very low energy stocks and thus get ready for implantation very early to be able to absorb nutrients from the mother, first through the yolk sac and then through the placenta. These first steps involve classical genetic and morphogenetic processes as well as specific mechanisms of early embryo development such as epigenetic reprogramming and maintenance of pluripotent cells. Embryo analysis led to the isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells, granted by the 2007 Nobel prize of Medicine (to M. Evans, M. Capecchi and O. Smithies) and which offer strong hopes for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chazaud
- GReD (Génétique, Reproduction et Développement), CNRS, UMR 6247, Inserm, U931, Clermont Université, Faculté de médecine, 28 place H. Dunant, BP38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Kimber SJ, Sneddon SF, Bloor DJ, El-Bareg AM, Hawkhead JA, Metcalfe AD, Houghton FD, Leese HJ, Rutherford A, Lieberman BA, Brison DR. Expression of genes involved in early cell fate decisions in human embryos and their regulation by growth factors. Reproduction 2008; 135:635-47. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little is understood about the regulation of gene expression in human preimplantation embryos. We set out to examine the expression in human preimplantation embryos of a number of genes known to be critical for early development of the murine embryo. The expression profile of these genes was analysed throughout preimplantation development and in response to growth factor (GF) stimulation. Developmental expression of a number of genes was similar to that seen in murine embryos (OCT3B/4,CDX2,NANOG). However,GATA6is expressed throughout preimplantation development in the human. Embryos were cultured in IGF-I, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), all of which are known to stimulate the development of human embryos. Our data show that culture in HBEGF and LIF appears to facilitate human embryo expression of a number of genes:ERBB4(LIF) andLIFRandDSC2(HBEGF) while in the presence of HBEGF no blastocysts expressedEOMESand when cultured with LIF only two out of nine blastocysts expressedTBN. These data improve our knowledge of the similarities between human and murine embryos and the influence of GFs on human embryo gene expression. Results from this study will improve the understanding of cell fate decisions in early human embryos, which has important implications for both IVF treatment and the derivation of human embryonic stem cells.
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Extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells induced by GATA factors acquire the character of XEN cells. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:80. [PMID: 17605826 PMCID: PMC1933422 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-7-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Three types of cell lines have been established from mouse blastocysts: embryonic stem (ES) cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells, and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells, which have the potential to differentiate into their respective cognate lineages. ES cells can differentiate in vitro not only into somatic cell lineages but into extra-embryonic lineages, including trophectoderm and extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) as well. TS cells can be established from ES cells by the artificial repression of Oct3/4 or the upregulation of Cdx2 in the presence of FGF4 on feeder cells. The relationship between these embryo-derived XEN cells and ES cell-derived ExEn cell lines remains unclear, although we have previously reported that overexpression of Gata4 or Gata6 induces differentiation of mouse ES cells into extra-embryonic endoderm in vitro. Results A system in which GATA factors were conditionally activated revealed that the cells continue to proliferate while expressing a set of extra-embryonic endoderm markers, and, following injection into blastocysts, contribute only to the extra-embryonic endoderm lineage in vivo. Although the in vivo contribution is limited to cells of parietal endoderm lineage, Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells (gExEn) can be induced to differentiate into visceral endoderm-like cells in vitro by repression of Gata6. During early passage, the propagation of gExEn cells is dependent on the expression of the Gata6 transgene. These cells, however, lose this dependency following establishment of endogenous Gata6 expression. Conclusion We show here that Gata-induced extra-embryonic endoderm cells derived from ES cells mimic the character of XEN cells. These findings indicate that Gata transcription factors are sufficient for the derivation and propagation of XEN-like extra-embryonic endoderm cells from ES cells.
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Loss of Parp-1 affects gene expression profile in a genome-wide manner in ES cells and liver cells. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:41. [PMID: 17286852 PMCID: PMC1810537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many lines of evidence suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1) is involved in transcriptional regulation of various genes as a coactivator or a corepressor by modulating chromatin structure. However, the impact of Parp-1-deficiency on the regulation of genome-wide gene expression has not been fully studied yet. RESULTS We employed a microarray analysis covering 12,488 genes and ESTs using mouse Parp-1-deficient (Parp-1-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and the livers of Parp-1-/- mice and their wild-type (Parp-1+/+) counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that of the 9,907 genes analyzed, in Parp-1-/- ES cells, 9.6% showed altered gene expression. Of these, 6.3% and 3.3% of the genes were down- or up-regulated by 2-fold or greater, respectively, compared with Parp-1+/+ ES cells (p < 0.05). In the livers of Parp-1-/- mice, of the 12,353 genes that were analyzed, 2.0% or 1.3% were down- and up-regulated, respectively (p < 0.05). Notably, the number of down-regulated genes was higher in both ES cells and livers, than that of the up-regulated genes. The genes that showed altered expression in ES cells or in the livers are ascribed to various cellular processes, including metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle control and transcription. We also observed expression of the genes involved in the pathway of extraembryonic tissue development is augmented in Parp-1-/- ES cells, including H19. After withdrawal of leukemia inhibitory factor, expression of H19 as well as other trophoblast marker genes were further up-regulated in Parp-1-/- ES cells compared to Parp-1+/+ ES cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Parp-1 is required to maintain transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of genes on a genome-wide scale. The gene expression profiles in Parp-1-deficient cells may be useful to delineate the functional role of Parp-1 in epigenetic regulation of the genomes involved in various biological phenomena.
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Stewart R, Stojkovic M, Lako M. Mechanisms of self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:1257-72. [PMID: 16630716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the pluripotent cell population derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos and are characterised by prolonged self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into cells representing all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Preservation of the undifferentiated status of the ESC population requires the maintenance of self-renewal whilst inhibiting differentiation and regulating senescence and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with self-renewal process, together with possible signalling pathway interactions and mechanisms of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stewart
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
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30
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Zhou J, Hernandez G, Tu SW, Scholes J, Chen H, Tseng CP, Hsieh JT. Synergistic induction of DOC-2/DAB2 gene expression in transitional cell carcinoma in the presence of GATA6 and histone deacetylase inhibitor. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6089-96. [PMID: 16024609 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The down-regulation of DOC-2/DAB2 gene, which encodes a unique phosphoprotein modulating signal pathways elicited by exogenous stimuli, is often associated with several cancer types; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Dramatically different expression levels of DOC-2/DAB2 mRNA and protein are observed among several human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines, suggesting that transcriptional regulation may play a role in these cells. In this study, we have shown that the histone acetylation status associated with the 5' upstream regulatory sequence of DOC-2/DAB2 gene is one of the key determinants for its gene expression. In addition, GATA6 but not other GATA family members, such as GATA2 and GATA4, can specifically induce DOC-2/DAB2 promoter activity, although GATA transcription factors share a very similar DNA-binding sequence. We also show that increased histone acetylation and the presence of GATA6 have a synergistic effect on DOC-2/DAB2 promoter activity, which results in the elevation of DOC-2/DAB2 protein expression. Thus, we conclude that transcriptional regulation of DOC-2/DAB2 gene in human TCC is determined by histone acetylation and a specific transcription factor (i.e., GATA6), which underlie the reduced DOC-2/DAB2 protein expression in TCC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/biosynthesis
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Depsipeptides/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation
- GATA6 Transcription Factor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA
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31
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Divine JK, Staloch LJ, Haveri H, Jacobsen CM, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Simon TC. GATA-4, GATA-5, and GATA-6 activate the rat liver fatty acid binding protein gene in concert with HNF-1alpha. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G1086-99. [PMID: 14715527 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00421.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation by GATA-4, GATA-5, and GATA-6 in intestine and liver was explored using a transgene constructed from the proximal promoter of the rat liver fatty acid binding protein gene (Fabpl). An immunohistochemical survey detected GATA-4 and GATA-6 in enterocytes, GATA-6 in hepatocytes, and GATA-5 in neither cell type in adult animals. In cell transfection assays, GATA-4 or GATA-5 but not GATA-6 activated the Fabpl transgene solely through the most proximal of three GATA binding sites in the Fabpl promoter. However, all three factors activated transgenes constructed from each Fabpl site upstream of a minimal viral promoter. GATA factors interact with hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha, and the proximal Fabpl GATA site adjoins an HNF-1 site. GATA-4, GATA-5, or GATA-6 bounded to HNF-1alpha in solution, and all cooperated with HNF-1alpha to activate the Fabpl transgene. Mutagenizing all Fabpl GATA sites abrogated transgene activation by GATA factors, but GATA-4 activated the mutagenized transgene in the presence of HNF-1alpha. These in vitro results suggested GATA/HNF-1alpha interactions function in Fabpl regulation, and in vivo relevance was determined with subsequent experiments. In mice, the Fabpl transgene was active in enterocytes and hepatocytes, a transgene with mutagenized HNF-1 site was silent, and a transgene with mutagenized GATA sites had identical expression as the native transgene. Mice mosaic for biallelic Gata4 inactivation lost intestinal but not hepatic Fabpl expression in Gata4-deficient cells but not wild-type cells. These results demonstrate GATA-4 is critical for intestinal gene expression in vivo and suggest a specific GATA-4/HNF-1alpha physical and functional interaction in Fabpl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K Divine
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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32
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van Wering HM, Bosse T, Musters A, de Jong E, de Jong N, Hogen Esch CE, Boudreau F, Swain GP, Dowling LN, Montgomery RK, Grand RJ, Krasinski SD. Complex regulation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase promoter by GATA-4. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004; 287:G899-909. [PMID: 15178553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00150.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a marker of intestinal differentiation, is expressed in absorptive enterocytes on small intestinal villi in a tightly regulated pattern along the proximal-distal axis. The LPH promoter contains binding sites that mediate activation by members of the GATA-4, -5, and -6 subfamily, but little is known about their individual contribution to LPH regulation in vivo. Here, we show that GATA-4 is the principal GATA factor from adult mouse intestinal epithelial cells that binds to the mouse LPH promoter, and its expression is highly correlated with that of LPH mRNA in jejunum and ileum. GATA-4 cooperates with hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha to synergistically activate the LPH promoter by a mechanism identical to that previously characterized for GATA-5/HNF-1alpha, requiring physical association between GATA-4 and HNF-1alpha and intact HNF-1 binding sites on the LPH promoter. GATA-4 also activates the LPH promoter independently of HNF-1alpha, in contrast to GATA-5, which is unable to activate the LPH promoter in the absence of HNF-1alpha. GATA-4-specific activation requires intact GATA binding sites on the LPH promoter and was mapped by domain-swapping experiments to the zinc finger and basic regions. However, the difference in the capacity between GATA-4 and GATA-5 to activate the LPH promoter was not due to a difference in affinity for binding to GATA binding sites on the LPH promoter. These data indicate that GATA-4 is a key regulator of LPH gene expression that may function through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism involving cooperativity with an HNF-1alpha and/or a GATA-specific pathway independent of HNF-1alpha.
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33
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Sun-Wada GH, Kamei Y, Wada Y, Futai M. Regulatory Elements Directing Gut Expression of the GATA6 Gene during Mouse Early Development. J Biochem 2004; 135:165-9. [PMID: 15047717 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvh019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GATA6 transcription factor, as well as GATA4 and GATA5, is expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues including the precardiac mesoderm and endoderm, and gut-related organs. Genetic studies have also implicated GATA factors as important regulators of gut endoderm development. Previously, we identified the promoter and a cardiac-specific enhancer of mouse GATA6 [Sun-Wada et al. (2000) J. Biochem. 127, 703-709], however, little is known about the regulatory elements that govern GATA6 expression in the primitive gut. Here, we identified a distal enhancer of the GATA6 gene directing expression in the gut by creating transgenic mice. A sequence of approximately 200 bp between -8.0 kb and -7.8 kb contains element(s) that enhance transcription in the gut during embryonic development, when linked to the hsp68 promoter/lacZ fusion gene. Our results also show that GATA6 expression is controlled by multiple regulatory regions including cardiac-specific and gut-specific enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047
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Liu C, Ikegami M, Stahlman MT, Dey CR, Whitsett JA. Inhibition of alveolarization and altered pulmonary mechanics in mice expressing GATA-6. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285:L1246-54. [PMID: 12909592 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00443.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA-6, a member of a family of zinc finger transcription factors, is expressed in epithelial cells of the developing lung. To further assess the role of GATA-6 in lung morphogenesis, GATA-6 was expressed in respiratory epithelial cells of the developing mouse lung under control of the surfactant protein C promoter (hSP-CGATA-6 mice). Although GATA-6 did not alter lung morphology at embryonic day 18.5, defects in alveolar septation were observed early in the neonatal period, and air space enlargement persisted to adulthood. Airway resistance, airway elastance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance were significantly decreased, and lung volumes were significantly increased at 12 wk of age. Normal postnatal morphogenesis of the lung depends upon precise temporal-spatial regulation of GATA-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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35
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Schraets D, Lehmann T, Dingermann T, Marschalek R. MLL-mediated transcriptional gene regulation investigated by gene expression profiling. Oncogene 2003; 22:3655-68. [PMID: 12789274 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene is involved in about 50 different chromosomal translocations, associated with the disease phenotype of acute leukemia. However, the normal function of MLL is less understood. Homozygous knockouts of murine Mll were embryonal lethal, while heterozygous disruption led to aberrant hox gene expression associated with skeletal malformations, growth retardation, and impaired hematopoiesis. To understand MLL functions on the molecular level, gene expression profiling experiments were performed with a pair of murine cell lines (MLL(+/+) and MLL(-/-)). Microarray hybridization experiments revealed 197 potential target genes that are differentially expressed, providing new and important clues about MLL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothe Schraets
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter N230, University of Frankfurt/Main, Marie-Curie-Str. 9, D-60439 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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36
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Gilleard JS, McGhee JD. Activation of hypodermal differentiation in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo by GATA transcription factors ELT-1 and ELT-3. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:2533-44. [PMID: 11259601 PMCID: PMC86885 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.7.2533-2544.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2000] [Accepted: 12/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans GATA transcription factor genes elt-1 and elt-3 are expressed in the embryonic hypodermis (also called the epidermis). elt-1 is expressed in precursor cells and is essential for the production of most hypodermal cells (22). elt-3 is expressed in all of the major hypodermal cells except the lateral seam cells, and expression is initiated immediately after the terminal division of precursor lineages (13). Although this expression pattern suggests a role for ELT-3 in hypodermal development, no functional studies have yet been performed. In the present paper, we show that either elt-3 or elt-1 is sufficient, when force expressed in early embryonic blastomeres, to activate a program of hypodermal differentiation even in blastomeres that are not hypodermal precursors in wild-type embryos. We have deleted the elt-3 gene and shown that ELT-3 is not essential for either hypodermal cell differentiation or the viability of the organism. We showed that ELT-3 can activate hypodermal gene expression in the absence of ELT-1 and that, conversely, ELT-1 can activate hypodermal gene expression in the absence of ELT-3. Overall, the combined results of the mutant phenotypes, initial expression times, and our forced-expression experiments suggest that ELT-3 acts downstream of ELT-1 in a redundant pathway controlling hypodermal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gilleard
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom.
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37
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Gajewski K, Fossett N, Molkentin JD, Schulz RA. The zinc finger proteins Pannier and GATA4 function as cardiogenic factors in Drosophila. Development 1999; 126:5679-88. [PMID: 10572044 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.24.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cardiac gene expression by GATA zinc finger transcription factors is well documented in vertebrates. However, genetic studies in mice have failed to demonstrate a function for these proteins in cardiomyocyte specification. In Drosophila, the existence of a cardiogenic GATA factor has been implicated through the analysis of a cardial cell enhancer of the muscle differentiation gene D-mef2. We show that the GATA gene pannier is expressed in the dorsal mesoderm and required for cardial cell formation while repressing a pericardial cell fate. Ectopic expression of Pannier results in cardial cell overproduction, while co-expression of Pannier and the homeodomain protein Tinman synergistically activate cardiac gene expression and induce cardial cells. The related GATA4 protein of mice likewise functions as a cardiogenic factor in Drosophila, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved function between Pannier and GATA4 in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gajewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pata I, Studer M, van Doorninck JH, Briscoe J, Kuuse S, Engel JD, Grosveld F, Karis A. The transcription factor GATA3 is a downstream effector of Hoxb1 specification in rhombomere 4. Development 1999; 126:5523-31. [PMID: 10556076 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.23.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that the transcription factor GATA3 is dynamically expressed during hindbrain development. Function of GATA3 in ventral rhombomere (r) 4 is dependent on functional GATA2, which in turn is under the control of Hoxb1. In particular, the absence of Hoxb1 results in the loss of GATA2 expression in r4 and the absence of GATA2 results in the loss of GATA3 expression. The lack of GATA3 expression in r4 inhibits the projection of contralateral vestibuloacoustic efferent neurons and the migration of facial branchiomotor neurons similar to Hoxb1-deficient mice. Ubiquitous expression of Hoxb1 in the hindbrain induces ectopic expression of GATA2 and GATA3 in ventral r2 and r3. These findings demonstrate that GATA2 and GATA3 lie downstream of Hoxb1 and provide the first example of Hox pathway transcription factors within a defined population of vertebrate motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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39
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Barbacci E, Reber M, Ott MO, Breillat C, Huetz F, Cereghini S. Variant hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 is required for visceral endoderm specification. Development 1999; 126:4795-805. [PMID: 10518496 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.21.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and molecular evidence indicates that visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic cell lineage, is required for gastrulation, early anterior neural patterning, cell death and specification of posterior mesodermal cell fates. We show that variant Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 (vHNF1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor first expressed in the primitive endoderm, is required for the specification of visceral endoderm. vHnf1-deficient mouse embryos develop normally to the blastocyst stage, start implantation, but die soon afterwards, with abnormal or absent extraembryonic region, poorly organised ectoderm and no discernible visceral or parietal endoderm. However, immunostaining analysis of E5.5 nullizygous mutant embryos revealed the presence of parietal endoderm-like cells lying on an abnormal basal membrane. Homozygous mutant blastocyst outgrowths or differentiated embryonic stem cells do not express early or late visceral endoderm markers. In addition, in vHnf1 null embryoid bodies there is no activation of the transcription factors HNF-4alpha1, HNF1alpha and HNF-3gamma. Aggregation of vHnf1-deficient embryonic stem cells with wild-type tetraploid embryos, which contribute exclusively to extraembryonic tissues, rescues periimplantation lethality and allows development to progress to early organogenesis. Our results place vHNF1 in a preeminent position in the regulatory network that specifies the visceral endoderm and highlight the importance of this cell lineage for proper growth and differentiation of primitive ectoderm in pregastrulating embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barbacci
- U423 INSERM, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, France U257 INSERM, ICGM, France.
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