1
|
Xing J, Wang H, Xie Y, Fan T, Cui C, Li Y, Wang S, Gu W, Wang C, Tang H, Liu L. Novel rare genetic variants of familial and sporadic pulmonary atresia identified by whole-exome sequencing. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220593. [PMID: 37215497 PMCID: PMC10199322 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary atresia (PA) is a severe cyanotic congenital heart disease. Although some genetic mutations have been described to be associated with PA, the knowledge of pathogenesis is insufficient. The aim of this research was to use whole-exome sequencing (WES) to determine novel rare genetic variants in PA patients. We performed WES in 33 patients (27 patient-parent trios and 6 single probands) and 300 healthy control individuals. By applying an enhanced analytical framework to incorporate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identified 176 risk genes (100 de novo variants and 87 rare variants). Protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis and Genotype-Tissue Expression analysis revealed that 35 putative candidate genes had PPIs with known PA genes with high expression in the human heart. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that 27 genes that were identified as novel PA genes that could be affected by the surrounding single nucleotide polymorphism were screened. Furthermore, we screened rare damaging variants with a threshold of minor allele frequency at 0.5% in the ExAC_EAS and GnomAD_exome_EAS databases, and the deleteriousness was predicted by bioinformatics tools. For the first time, 18 rare variants in 11 new candidate genes have been identified that may play a role in the pathogenesis of PA. Our research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PA and helps to identify the critical genes for PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyue Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Taibing Fan
- Department of Children’s Heart Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Department of Children’s Heart Center of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tertiary Prevention and Treatment for Congenital Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Cunying Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chengzeng Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital & Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nie S. Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:51. [PMID: 36826547 PMCID: PMC9965361 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A frog is a classical model organism used to uncover processes and regulations of early vertebrate development, including heart development. Recently, we showed that a frog also represents a useful model to study a rare human congenital heart disease, hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In this review, we first summarized the cellular events and molecular regulations of vertebrate heart development, and the benefit of using a frog model to study congenital heart diseases. Next, we described the challenges in elucidating the etiology of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and discussed how a frog model may contribute to our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of the disease. We concluded that a frog model offers its unique advantage in uncovering the cellular mechanisms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome; however, combining multiple model organisms, including frogs, is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Nie
- School of Biological Sciences, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao K, Yang Z. The second heart field: the first 20 years. Mamm Genome 2022:10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8. [PMID: 36550326 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, three independent groups reported the identification of a novel cluster of progenitor cells that contribute to heart development in mouse and chicken embryos. This population of progenitor cells was designated as the second heart field (SHF), and a new research direction in heart development was launched. Twenty years have since passed and a comprehensive understanding of the SHF has been achieved. This review provides retrospective insights in to the contribution, the signaling regulatory networks and the epithelial properties of the SHF. It also includes the spatiotemporal characteristics of SHF development and interactions between the SHF and other types of cells during heart development. Although considerable efforts will be required to investigate the cellular heterogeneity of the SHF, together with its intricate regulatory networks and undefined mechanisms, it is expected that the burgeoning new technology of single-cell sequencing and precise lineage tracing will advance the comprehension of SHF function and its molecular signals. The advances in SHF research will translate to clinical applications and to the treatment of congenital heart diseases, especially conotruncal defects, as well as to regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dissecting the Complexity of Early Heart Progenitor Cells. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 9:jcdd9010005. [PMID: 35050215 PMCID: PMC8779398 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early heart development depends on the coordinated participation of heterogeneous cell sources. As pioneer work from Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot demonstrated, characterizing these distinct cell sources helps us to understand congenital heart defects. Despite decades of research on the segregation of lineages that form the primitive heart tube, we are far from understanding its full complexity. Currently, single-cell approaches are providing an unprecedented level of detail on cellular heterogeneity, offering new opportunities to decipher its functional role. In this review, we will focus on three key aspects of early heart morphogenesis: First, the segregation of myocardial and endocardial lineages, which yields an early lineage diversification in cardiac development; second, the signaling cues driving differentiation in these progenitor cells; and third, the transcriptional heterogeneity of cardiomyocyte progenitors of the primitive heart tube. Finally, we discuss how single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics, together with live imaging and functional analyses, will likely transform the way we delve into the complexity of cardiac development and its links with congenital defects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferdous A, Singh S, Luo Y, Abedin MJ, Jiang N, Perry CE, Evers BM, Gillette TG, Kyba M, Trojanowska M, Hill JA. Fli1 Promotes Vascular Morphogenesis by Regulating Endothelial Potential of Multipotent Myogenic Progenitors. Circ Res 2021; 129:949-964. [PMID: 34544261 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Ferdous
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Sarvjeet Singh
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Md J Abedin
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Nan Jiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Cameron E Perry
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Bret M Evers
- Pathology (B.M.E.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Lillehei Heart Institute (M.K.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA (M.T.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (A.F., S.S., Y.L., M.J.A., N.J., C.E.P., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhdanovskaya N, Firrincieli M, Lazzari S, Pace E, Scribani Rossi P, Felli MP, Talora C, Screpanti I, Palermo R. Targeting Notch to Maximize Chemotherapeutic Benefits: Rationale, Advanced Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205106. [PMID: 34680255 PMCID: PMC8533696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation in a context-dependent fashion both during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Consistent with its pleiotropic physiological role, unproper activation of the signaling promotes or counteracts tumor pathogenesis and therapy response in distinct tissues. In the last twenty years, a wide number of studies have highlighted the anti-cancer potential of Notch-modulating agents as single treatment and in combination with the existent therapies. However, most of these strategies have failed in the clinical exploration due to dose-limiting toxicity and low efficacy, encouraging the development of novel agents and the design of more appropriate combinations between Notch signaling inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs with improved safety and effectiveness for distinct types of cancer. Abstract Notch signaling guides cell fate decisions by affecting proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation depending on cell and tissue context. Given its multifaceted function during tissue development, both overactivation and loss of Notch signaling have been linked to tumorigenesis in ways that are either oncogenic or oncosuppressive, but always context-dependent. Notch signaling is critical for several mechanisms of chemoresistance including cancer stem cell maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor-stroma interaction, and malignant neovascularization that makes its targeting an appealing strategy against tumor growth and recurrence. During the last decades, numerous Notch-interfering agents have been developed, and the abundant preclinical evidence has been transformed in orphan drug approval for few rare diseases. However, the majority of Notch-dependent malignancies remain untargeted, even if the application of Notch inhibitors alone or in combination with common chemotherapeutic drugs is being evaluated in clinical trials. The modest clinical success of current Notch-targeting strategies is mostly due to their limited efficacy and severe on-target toxicity in Notch-controlled healthy tissues. Here, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence on combinatorial treatment between different Notch signaling inhibitors and existent chemotherapeutic drugs, providing a comprehensive picture of molecular mechanisms explaining the potential or lacking success of these combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Zhdanovskaya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Mariarosaria Firrincieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Eleonora Pace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.Z.); (M.F.); (S.L.); (E.P.); (P.S.R.); (C.T.)
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyamoto M, Nam L, Kannan S, Kwon C. Heart organoids and tissue models for modeling development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:119-128. [PMID: 33775518 PMCID: PMC8513373 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organoids, or miniaturized organs formed in vitro, hold potential to revolutionize how researchers approach and answer fundamental biological and pathological questions. In the context of cardiac biology, development of a bona fide cardiac organoid enables study of heart development, function, and pathogenesis in a dish, providing insight into the nature of congenital heart disease and offering the opportunity for high-throughput probing of adult heart disease and drug discovery. Recently, multiple groups have reported novel methods for generating in vitro models of the heart; however, there are substantial conceptual and methodological differences. In this review we will evaluate recent cardiac organoid studies through the lens of the core principles of organoid technology: patterned self-organization of multiple cell types resembling the in vivo organ. Based on this, we will classify systems into the following related types of tissues: developmental cardiac organoids, chamber cardiac organoids, microtissues, and engineered heart tissues. Furthermore, we highlight the interventions which allow for organoid formation, such as modulation of highly conserved cardiogenic signaling pathways mediated by developmental morphogens. We expect that consolidation and categorization of existing organoid models will help eliminate confusion in the field and facilitate progress towards creation of an ideal cardiac organoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucy Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Suraj Kannan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Heart and Vascular Institute, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuang Y, Pyo A, Eafergan N, Cain B, Gutzwiller LM, Axelrod O, Gagliani EK, Weirauch MT, Kopan R, Kovall RA, Sprinzak D, Gebelein B. Enhancers with cooperative Notch binding sites are more resistant to regulation by the Hairless co-repressor. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009039. [PMID: 34559800 PMCID: PMC8494340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling controls many developmental processes by regulating gene expression. Notch-dependent enhancers recruit activation complexes consisting of the Notch intracellular domain, the Cbf/Su(H)/Lag1 (CSL) transcription factor (TF), and the Mastermind co-factor via two types of DNA sites: monomeric CSL sites and cooperative dimer sites called Su(H) paired sites (SPS). Intriguingly, the CSL TF can also bind co-repressors to negatively regulate transcription via these same sites. Here, we tested how synthetic enhancers with monomeric CSL sites versus dimeric SPSs bind Drosophila Su(H) complexes in vitro and mediate transcriptional outcomes in vivo. Our findings reveal that while the Su(H)/Hairless co-repressor complex similarly binds SPS and CSL sites in an additive manner, the Notch activation complex binds SPSs, but not CSL sites, in a cooperative manner. Moreover, transgenic reporters with SPSs mediate stronger, more consistent transcription and are more resistant to increased Hairless co-repressor expression compared to reporters with the same number of CSL sites. These findings support a model in which SPS containing enhancers preferentially recruit cooperative Notch activation complexes over Hairless repression complexes to ensure consistent target gene activation. Cell signaling provides a basic means of communication during development. Many signaling pathways, including the Notch pathway, convert extracellular signals into changes in gene expression via transcription factors that bind specific DNA sequences. Importantly, the Notch pathway transcription factor can either form activating complexes upon Notch activation to stimulate gene expression or repression complexes with co-repressors to inhibit gene expression. Prior studies showed that the Notch activation complex binds DNA as either an independent complex on monomer binding sites or as two cooperative complexes (dimer) on paired binding sites. In this study, we used synthetic biology to examine how these two types of DNA sites impact the binding of Notch activation versus repression complexes and the output of Notch target gene expression. Our studies reveal that unlike the Notch activation complex, the repression complex does not cooperatively bind dimer sites. Moreover, our findings support the model that the enhanced stability of the Notch activation complex on dimer sites makes target genes with dimer sites less sensitive to the repression complex than target genes with only monomer sites. Thus, our studies reveal how target genes with different binding sites differ in sensitivity to the ratio of Notch activation to repression complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anna Pyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Natanel Eafergan
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brittany Cain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Gutzwiller
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ofri Axelrod
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ellen K. Gagliani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rhett A. Kovall
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Sprinzak
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Lu P, Jiang L, Wu B, Zhou B. Control of sinus venous valve and sinoatrial node development by endocardial NOTCH1. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1473-1486. [PMID: 31591643 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sinus venous valve (SVV) and sinoatrial node (SAN) develop together at the sinoatrial junction during embryogenesis. SVV ensures unidirectional cardiac input and SAN generates sinus rhythmic contraction, respectively; both functions are essential for embryonic survival. We aim to reveal the potential role of endocardial NOTCH signalling in SVV and SAN formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We specifically deleted Notch1 in the endocardium using an Nfatc1Cre line. This deletion resulted in underdeveloped SVV and SAN, associated with reduced expression of T-box transcription factors, Tbx5 andTbx18, which are essential for the formation of SVV and SAN. The deletion also led to decreased expression of Wnt2 in myocardium of SVV and SAN. WNT2 treatment was able to rescue the growth defect of SVV and SAN resulted from the Notch1 deletion in whole embryo cultures. Furthermore, the Notch1 deletion reduced the expression of Nrg1 in the SVV myocardium and supplement of NRG1 restored the growth of SVV in cultured Notch1 knockout embryos. CONCLUSION Our findings support that endocardial NOTCH1 controls the development of SVV and SAN by coordinating myocardial WNT and NRG1 signalling functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shanxi 710061, China.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Paediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.,Department of Cardiology of First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li H, Chang C, Li X, Zhang R. The roles and activation of endocardial Notch signaling in heart regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33521843 PMCID: PMC7847831 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a highly conserved signaling pathway in metazoans, the Notch pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Recently, cardiac injury and regeneration have become an increasingly popular topic for biomedical research, and Notch signaling has been shown to exert crucial functions during heart regeneration as well. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular functions of the endocardial Notch pathway in several cardiac injury and stress models. Although there is an increase in appreciating the importance of endocardial Notch signaling in heart regeneration, the mechanism of its activation is not fully understood. This review highlights recent findings on the activation of the endocardial Notch pathway by hemodynamic blood flow change in larval zebrafish ventricle after partial ablation, a process involving primary cilia, mechanosensitive ion channel Trpv4 and mechanosensitive transcription factor Klf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Cardiogenesis is a complex developmental process involving multiple overlapping stages of cell fate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Precise spatiotemporal coordination between the different cardiogenic processes is ensured by intercellular signalling crosstalk and tissue-tissue interactions. Notch is an intercellular signalling pathway crucial for cell fate decisions during multicellular organismal development and is aptly positioned to coordinate the complex signalling crosstalk required for progressive cell lineage restriction during cardiogenesis. In this Review, we describe the role of Notch signalling and the crosstalk with other signalling pathways during the differentiation and patterning of the different cardiac tissues and in cardiac valve and ventricular chamber development. We examine how perturbation of Notch signalling activity is linked to congenital heart diseases affecting the neonate and adult, and discuss studies that shed light on the role of Notch signalling in heart regeneration and repair after injury.
Collapse
|
13
|
Torregrosa-Carrión R, Luna-Zurita L, García-Marqués F, D'Amato G, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Bonzón-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J, de la Pompa JL. NOTCH Activation Promotes Valve Formation by Regulating the Endocardial Secretome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1782-1795. [PMID: 31249105 PMCID: PMC6731085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized endothelium that lines the inner surface of the heart. Functional studies in mice and zebrafish have established that the endocardium is a source of instructive signals for the development of cardiac structures, including the heart valves and chambers. Here, we characterized the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome by manipulating NOTCH activity in mouse embryonic endocardial cells (MEEC) followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We profiled different sets of soluble factors whose secretion not only responds to NOTCH activation but also shows differential ligand specificity, suggesting that ligand-specific inputs may regulate the expression of secreted proteins involved in different cardiac development processes. NOTCH signaling activation correlates with a transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2)-rich secretome and the delivery of paracrine signals involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling. In contrast, NOTCH inhibition is accompanied by the up-regulation of specific semaphorins that may modulate cell migration. The secretome protein expression data showed a good correlation with gene profiling of RNA expression in embryonic endocardial cells. Additional characterization by in situ hybridization in mouse embryos revealed expression of various NOTCH candidate effector genes (Tgfβ2, Loxl2, Ptx3, Timp3, Fbln2, and Dcn) in heart valve endocardium and/or mesenchyme. Validating these results, mice with conditional Dll4 or Jag1 loss-of-function mutations showed gene expression alterations similar to those observed at the protein level in vitro These results provide the first description of the NOTCH-dependent endocardial secretome and validate MEEC as a tool for assaying the endocardial secretome response to a variety of stimuli and the potential use of this system for drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Luis Luna-Zurita
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | | | - Gaetano D'Amato
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; ‖Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Elena Bonzón-Kulichenko
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; **Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- ‡Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, SPAIN; §Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, SPAIN.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Myocardial Notch1-Rbpj deletion does not affect NOTCH signaling, heart development or function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203100. [PMID: 30596653 PMCID: PMC6312338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate cardiac development NOTCH signaling activity in the endocardium is essential for the crosstalk between endocardium and myocardium that initiates ventricular trabeculation and valve primordium formation. This crosstalk leads later to the maturation and compaction of the ventricular chambers and the morphogenesis of the cardiac valves, and its alteration may lead to disease. Although endocardial NOTCH signaling has been shown to be crucial for heart development, its physiological role in the myocardium has not been clearly established. Here we have used mouse genetics to evaluate the role of NOTCH in myocardial development. We have inactivated the unique and ubiquitous NOTCH effector RBPJ in early cardiomyocytes progenitors, and examined its consequences in cardiac development and function. Our results show that mice with Tnnt2-Cre-mediated myocardial-specific deletion of Rbpj develop to term, with homozygous mutant animals showing normal expression of cardiac development markers, and normal adult heart function. Similar observations have been obtained after Notch1 deletion with Tnnt2-Cre. We have also deleted Rbpj in both myocardial and endocardial progenitor cells, using the Nkx2.5-Cre driver, resulting in ventricular septal defect (VSD), double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), due to NOTCH signaling abrogation in the endocardium of cardiac valves. Our data demonstrate that NOTCH-RBPJ inactivation in the myocardium does not affect heart development or adult cardiac function.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rasouli SJ, El-Brolosy M, Tsedeke AT, Bensimon-Brito A, Ghanbari P, Maischein HM, Kuenne C, Stainier DY. The flow responsive transcription factor Klf2 is required for myocardial wall integrity by modulating Fgf signaling. eLife 2018; 7:e38889. [PMID: 30592462 PMCID: PMC6329608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interplay between cardiac tissues is crucial for their integrity. The flow responsive transcription factor KLF2, which is expressed in the endocardium, is vital for cardiovascular development but its exact role remains to be defined. To this end, we mutated both klf2 paralogues in zebrafish, and while single mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype, double mutants display a novel phenotype of cardiomyocyte extrusion towards the abluminal side. This extrusion requires cardiac contractility and correlates with the mislocalization of N-cadherin from the lateral to the apical side of cardiomyocytes. Transgenic rescue data show that klf2 expression in endothelium, but not myocardium, prevents this cardiomyocyte extrusion phenotype. Transcriptome analysis of klf2 mutant hearts reveals that Fgf signaling is affected, and accordingly, we find that inhibition of Fgf signaling in wild-type animals can lead to abluminal cardiomyocyte extrusion. These studies provide new insights into how Klf2 regulates cardiovascular development and specifically myocardial wall integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Ayele Taddese Tsedeke
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Parisa Ghanbari
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodelingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core UnitMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier Y Stainier
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herman AM, Rhyner AM, Devine WP, Marrelli SP, Bruneau BG, Wythe JD. A novel reporter allele for monitoring Dll4 expression within the embryonic and adult mouse. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio026799. [PMID: 29437553 PMCID: PMC5898260 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Notch signaling requires the presence of a membrane bound ligand and a corresponding transmembrane Notch receptor. Receptor engagement induces multiple proteolytic cleavage events culminating in the nuclear accumulation of the Notch intracellular domain and its binding to a transcriptional co-factor to mediate gene expression. Notch signaling networks are essential regulators of vascular patterning and angiogenesis, as well as myriad other biological processes. Delta-like 4 (Dll4) encodes the earliest Notch ligand detected in arterial cells, and is enriched in sprouting endothelial tip cells. Dll4 expression has often been inferred by proxy using a lacZ knockin reporter allele. This is problematic, as a single copy of Dll4 is haploinsufficient. Additionally, Notch activity regulates Dll4 transcription, making it unclear whether these reporter lines accurately reflect Dll4 expression. Accordingly, precisely defining Dll4 expression is essential for determining its role in development and disease. To address these limitations, we generated a novel BAC transgenic allele with a nuclear-localized β-galactosidase reporter (Dll4-BAC-nlacZ). Through a comparative analysis, we show the BAC line overcomes previous issues of haploinsufficiency, it recapitulates Dll4 expression in vivo, and allows superior visualization and imaging. As such, this novel Dll4 reporter is an important addition to the growing Notch toolkit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Herman
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94113, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borghetti G, Eisenberg CA, Signore S, Sorrentino A, Kaur K, Andrade-Vicenty A, Edwards JG, Nerkar M, Qanud K, Sun D, Goichberg P, Leri A, Anversa P, Eisenberg LM, Jacobson JT, Hintze TH, Rota M. Notch signaling modulates the electrical behavior of cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H68-H81. [PMID: 28939651 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00587.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Notch receptor signaling is active during cardiac development and silenced in myocytes after birth. Conversely, outward K+ Kv currents progressively appear in postnatal myocytes leading to shortening of the action potential (AP) and acquisition of the mature electrical phenotype. In the present study, we tested the possibility that Notch signaling modulates the electrical behavior of cardiomyocytes by interfering with Kv currents. For this purpose, the effects of Notch receptor activity on electrophysiological properties of myocytes were evaluated using transgenic mice with inducible expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), the functional fragment of the activated Notch receptor, and in neonatal myocytes after inhibition of the Notch transduction pathway. By patch clamp, NICD-overexpressing cells presented prolonged AP duration and reduced upstroke amplitude, properties that were coupled with reduced rapidly activating Kv and fast Na+ currents, compared with cells obtained from wild-type mice. In cultured neonatal myocytes, inhibition of the proteolitic release of NICD with a γ-secretase antagonist increased transcript levels of the Kv channel-interacting proteins 2 (KChIP2) and enhanced the density of Kv currents. Collectively, these results indicate that Notch signaling represents an important regulator of the electrophysiological behavior of developing and adult myocytes by repressing, at least in part, repolarizing Kv currents. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effects of Notch receptor signaling on the electrical properties of cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that the Notch transduction pathway interferes with outward K+ Kv currents, critical determinants of the electrical repolarization of myocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Borghetti
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Eisenberg
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sergio Signore
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | | | - John G Edwards
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Mriganka Nerkar
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Khaled Qanud
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Polina Goichberg
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jason T Jacobson
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York
| | - Thomas H Hintze
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahmad SM. Conserved signaling mechanisms in Drosophila heart development. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:641-656. [PMID: 28598558 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through multiple distinct pathways regulates and orchestrates the numerous biological processes comprising heart development. This review outlines the roles of the FGFR, EGFR, Wnt, BMP, Notch, Hedgehog, Slit/Robo, and other signaling pathways during four sequential phases of Drosophila cardiogenesis-mesoderm migration, cardiac mesoderm establishment, differentiation of the cardiac mesoderm into distinct cardiac cell types, and morphogenesis of the heart and its lumen based on the proper positioning and cell shape changes of these differentiated cardiac cells-and illustrates how these same cardiogenic roles are conserved in vertebrates. Mechanisms bringing about the regulation and combinatorial integration of these diverse signaling pathways in Drosophila are also described. This synopsis of our present state of knowledge of conserved signaling pathways in Drosophila cardiogenesis and the means by which it was acquired should facilitate our understanding of and investigations into related processes in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 246:641-656, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaad M Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.,The Center for Genomic Advocacy, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Freire AG, Waghray A, Soares-da-Silva F, Resende TP, Lee DF, Pereira CF, Nascimento DS, Lemischka IR, Pinto-do-Ó P. Transient HES5 Activity Instructs Mesodermal Cells toward a Cardiac Fate. Stem Cell Reports 2017. [PMID: 28648899 PMCID: PMC5511108 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a role in specifying a cardiac fate but the downstream effectors remain unknown. In this study we implicate the Notch downstream effector HES5 in cardiogenesis. We show transient Hes5 expression in early mesoderm of gastrulating embryos and demonstrate, by loss and gain-of-function experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells, that HES5 favors cardiac over primitive erythroid fate. Hes5 overexpression promotes upregulation of the cardiac gene Isl1, while the hematopoietic regulator Scl is downregulated. Moreover, whereas a pulse of Hes5 instructs cardiac commitment, sustained expression after lineage specification impairs progression of differentiation to contracting cardiomyocytes. These findings establish a role for HES5 in cardiogenesis and provide insights into the early cardiac molecular network. Hes5 is expressed in the nascent mesoderm of gastrulating mouse embryos Hes5 knockdown enhances primitive erythropoiesis in mESCs A stage-specific pulse of Hes5 instructs preferential cardiac fate in mESCs Sustained Hes5 activation impairs differentiation to contracting cardiomyocytes
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Freire
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Resende
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakano T, Fukuda D, Koga JI, Aikawa M. Delta-Like Ligand 4-Notch Signaling in Macrophage Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2038-47. [PMID: 27562914 PMCID: PMC5033717 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates the development of various cell types and organs, and also contributes to disease mechanisms in adults. Accumulating evidence suggests its role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Notch signaling components also control the phenotype of immune cells. Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) of the Notch pathway promotes proinflammatory activation of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Dll4 blockade attenuates chronic atherosclerosis, vein graft disease, vascular calcification, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in mice. The Dll4-Notch axis may, thus, participate in the shared mechanisms for cardiometabolic disorders, serving as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating these global health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- From The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.), Cardiovascular Division (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (M.A.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- From The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.), Cardiovascular Division (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (M.A.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- From The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.), Cardiovascular Division (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (M.A.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- From The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), The Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A.), Cardiovascular Division (T.N., D.F., J.K., M.A.), and Channing Division of Network Medicine (M.A.), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marks ED, Kumar A. Thymosin β4: Roles in Development, Repair, and Engineering of the Cardiovascular System. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 102:227-49. [PMID: 27450737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease is a growing worldwide issue that demands attention. While many clinical trials are ongoing to test therapies for treating the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure, there are few options doctors able to currently give patients to repair the heart. This eventually leads to decreased ventricular contractility and increased systemic disease, including vascular disorders that could result in stroke. Small peptides such as thymosin β4 (Tβ4) are upregulated in the cardiovascular niche during fetal development and after injuries such as MI, providing increased neovasculogenesis and paracrine signals for endogenous stem cell recruitment to aid in wound repair. New research is looking into the effects of in vivo administration of Tβ4 through injections and coatings on implants, as well as its effect on cell differentiation. Results so far demonstrate Tβ4 administration leads to robust increases in angiogenesis and wound healing in the heart after MI and the brain after stroke, and can differentiate adult stem cells toward the cardiac lineage for implantation to the heart to increase contractility and survival. Future work, some of which is currently in clinical trials, will demonstrate the in vivo effect of these therapies on human patients, with the goal of helping the millions of people worldwide affected by cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Marks
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - A Kumar
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10774. [PMID: 26952167 PMCID: PMC4786749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteriogenesis is a central step in cardiogenesis, requiring coordinated generation and integration of endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cells. At present, it is unclear whether the cell fate programme of cardiac progenitors to generate complex muscular or vascular structures is entirely cell autonomous. Here we demonstrate the intrinsic ability of vascular progenitors to develop and self-organize into cardiac tissues by clonally isolating and expanding second heart field cardiovascular progenitors using WNT3A and endothelin-1 (EDN1) human recombinant proteins. Progenitor clones undergo long-term expansion and differentiate primarily into endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages in vitro, and contribute extensively to coronary-like vessels in vivo, forming a functional human–mouse chimeric circulatory system. Our study identifies EDN1 as a key factor towards the generation and clonal derivation of ISL1+ vascular intermediates, and demonstrates the intrinsic cell-autonomous nature of these progenitors to differentiate and self-organize into functional vasculatures in vivo. Understanding coronary vessels development provides basis for regenerative strategies. Here, Soh et al. identify endothelin-1 as a key molecule driving long-term expansion of ISL1+ bipotent vascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells, and show that these cells can regenerate coronary vessels in mice.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dorn GW, Kitsis RN. The mitochondrial dynamism-mitophagy-cell death interactome: multiple roles performed by members of a mitochondrial molecular ensemble. Circ Res 2014; 116:167-82. [PMID: 25323859 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial research is experiencing a renaissance, in part, because of the recognition that these endosymbiotic descendants of primordial protobacteria seem to be pursuing their own biological agendas. Not only is mitochondrial metabolism required to produce most of the biochemical energy that supports their eukaryotic hosts (us) but mitochondria can actively (through apoptosis and programmed necrosis) or passively (through reactive oxygen species toxicity) drive cellular dysfunction or demise. The cellular mitochondrial collective autoregulates its population through biogenic renewal and mitophagic culling; mitochondrial fission and fusion, 2 components of mitochondrial dynamism, are increasingly recognized as playing central roles as orchestrators of these processes. Mitochondrial dynamism is rare in striated muscle cells, so cardiac-specific genetic manipulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion factors has proven useful for revealing noncanonical functions of mitochondrial dynamics proteins. Here, we review newly described functions of mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in cardiac mitochondrial quality control, cell death, calcium signaling, and cardiac development. A mechanistic conceptual paradigm is proposed in which cell death and selective organelle culling are not distinct processes, but are components of a unified and integrated quality control mechanism that exerts different effects when invoked to different degrees, depending on pathophysiological context. This offers a plausible explanation for seemingly paradoxical expression of mitochondrial dynamics and death factors in cardiomyocytes wherein mitochondrial morphometric remodeling does not normally occur and the ability to recover from cell suicide is severely limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Dorn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (G.W.D.); and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.).
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (G.W.D.); and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (R.N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Li P, Liu K, He Q, Han S, Sun X, Li T, Shen L. Timely inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT promotes cardiac differentiation of murine pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109588. [PMID: 25313563 PMCID: PMC4196912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays versatile roles during heart development. However, there is contradictory evidence that Notch pathway either facilitates or impairs cardiomyogenesis in vitro. In this study, we developed iPSCs by reprogramming of murine fibroblasts with GFP expression governed by Oct4 promoter, and identified an effective strategy to enhance cardiac differentiation through timely modulation of Notch signaling. The Notch inhibitor DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester) alone drove the iPSCs to a neuronal fate. After mesoderm induction of embryoid bodies initiated by ascorbic acid (AA), the subsequent treatment of DAPT accelerated the generation of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes. The timed synergy of AA and DAPT yielded an optimal efficiency of cardiac differentiation. Mechanistic studies showed that Notch pathway plays a biphasic role in cardiomyogenesis. It favors the early–stage cardiac differentiation, but exerts negative effects on the late-stage differentiation. Therefore, DAPT administration at the late stage enforced the inhibition of endogenous Notch activity, thereby enhancing cardiomyogenesis. In parallel, DAPT dramatically augmented the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt11, BMP2, and BMP4. In conclusion, our results highlight a practicable approach to generate cardiomyocytes from iPSCs based on the stage-specific biphasic roles of Notch signaling in cardiomyogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Department of histology and embryology, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Science Garden District of Hanpu, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (LS)
| | - Li Shen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (LS)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacGrogan D, Luxán G, de la Pompa JL. Genetic and functional genomics approaches targeting the Notch pathway in cardiac development and congenital heart disease. Brief Funct Genomics 2013; 13:15-27. [PMID: 24106100 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway plays crucial roles in cardiac development and postnatal cardiac homoeostasis. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches indicate that Notch promotes or inhibits cardiogenesis in a stage-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined because many downstream effectors remain to be identified. Genome-scale analyses are shedding light on the genes that are regulated by Notch signalling and the mechanisms underlying this regulation. We review the functional data that implicates Notch in cardiac morphogenetic processes and expression profiling studies that enlighten the regulatory networks behind them. A recurring theme is that Notch cross-talks reiteratively with other key signalling pathways including Wnt and Bmp to coordinate cell and tissue interactions during cardiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donal MacGrogan
- Program of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34-620-936633; Fax: +34-91-4531304;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Steering signal transduction pathway towards cardiac lineage from human pluripotent stem cells: A review. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1096-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
miR-1-mediated induction of cardiogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells via downregulation of Hes-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:216286. [PMID: 23509692 PMCID: PMC3591156 DOI: 10.1155/2013/216286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have the potential to control stem cells fate decisions. The cardiac- and skeletal-muscle-specific miRNA, miR-1, can regulate embryonic stem cells differentiation to cardiac lineage by suppressing gene expression of alternative lineages. Accordingly, we hypothesized that overexpression of miR-1 may also promote cardiac gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells. Since Notch signaling could inhibit muscle differentiation, a process in contrast with the effect of miR-1, miR-1-mediated repression of Notch signaling may contribute to the observed effects of miR-1 in mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells were infected by lentiviral vectors carrying miR-1, and cells expressing miR-1 were selected. Alterations in Notch signaling and cardiomyocyte markers, Nkx2.5, GATA-4, cTnT, and CX43, were identified by Western blot in the infected cells on days 1, 7, and 14. Our study showed that the downstream target molecule of Notch pathway, Hes-1, was obviously decreased in mesenchymal stem cells modified with miR-1, and overexpression of miR-1 promotes the specific cardiac gene expression in the infected cells. Knockdown of Hes-1 leads to the same effects on cell lineage decisions. Our results indicated that miR-1 promotes the differentiation of MSCs into cardiac lineage in part due to negative regulation of Hes-1.
Collapse
|
28
|
Guruharsha KG, Kankel MW, Artavanis-Tsakonas S. The Notch signalling system: recent insights into the complexity of a conserved pathway. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13:654-66. [PMID: 22868267 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling links the fate of one cell to that of an immediate neighbour and consequently controls differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic events in multiple metazoan tissues. Perturbations in this pathway activity have been linked to several human genetic disorders and cancers. Recent genome-scale studies in Drosophila melanogaster have revealed an extraordinarily complex network of genes that can affect Notch activity. This highly interconnected network contrasts our traditional view of the Notch pathway as a simple linear sequence of events. Although we now have an unprecedented insight into the way in which such a fundamental signalling mechanism is controlled by the genome, we are faced with serious challenges in analysing the underlying molecular mechanisms of Notch signal control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Guruharsha
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li B, Jia Z, Wang T, Wang W, Zhang C, Chen P, Ma K, Zhou C. Interaction of Wnt/β-catenin and notch signaling in the early stage of cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:629-39. [PMID: 21956839 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling both play essential roles and interact closely in cardiomyocyte differentiation but the mechanism of interaction is largely unknown. Here we show that activation of Notch signaling in undifferentiated P19CL6 cells promoted cardiac differentiation, indicated by upregulated expression of early cardiac markers and activated the canonical Wnt pathway, suggested by augmented nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Further activation of the Notch pathway in early differentiating cells (at day 3) inhibited expression of a specific cardiac progenitor marker Islet1 but had no influence on β-catenin translocation. Notch signaling thus played biphasic roles in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Unlike Notch signaling, Wnt signaling promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation and activated the Notch pathway in either undifferentiated or early differentiating cells. Additionally, β-catenin, recombination signal sequence binding protein-Jkappa (RBP-Jκ), and Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD-1) formed a transcriptional complex which was recruited to the Hes1 promoter region, indicating direct transcriptional regulation of Hes1. We thus document a specific reciprocal interaction between these two signaling pathways during early stage cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wheeler GN, Liu KJ. Xenopus: An ideal system for chemical genetics. Genesis 2012; 50:207-18. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
31
|
From ontogenesis to regeneration: learning how to instruct adult cardiac progenitor cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:109-37. [PMID: 22917228 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the first observations over two centuries ago by Lazzaro Spallanzani on the extraordinary regenerative capacity of urodeles, many attempts have been made to understand the reasons why such ability has been largely lost in metazoa and whether or how it can be restored, even partially. In this context, important clues can be derived from the systematic analysis of the relevant distinctions among species and of the pathways involved in embryonic development, which might be induced and/or recapitulated in adult tissues. This chapter provides an overview on regeneration and its mechanisms, starting with the lesson learned from lower vertebrates, and will then focus on recent advancements and novel insights concerning regeneration in the adult mammalian heart, including the discovery of resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Subsequently, it explores all the important pathways involved in regulating differentiation during development and embryogenesis, and that might potentially provide important clues on how to activate and/or modulate regenerative processes in the adult myocardium, including the potential activation of endogenous CPCs. Furthermore the importance of the stem cell niche is discussed, and how it is possible to create in vitro a microenvironment and culture system to provide adult CPCs with the ideal conditions promoting their regenerative ability. Finally, the state of clinical translation of cardiac cell therapy is presented. Overall, this chapter provides a new perspective on how to approach cardiac regeneration, taking advantage of important lessons from development and optimizing biotechnological tools to obtain the ideal conditions for cell-based cardiac regenerative therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Taubenschmid J, Weitzer G. Mechanisms of cardiogenesis in cardiovascular progenitor cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 293:195-267. [PMID: 22251563 PMCID: PMC7615846 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394304-0.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing cells of the vertebrate heart have become a major subject of interest in the past decade. However, many researchers had a hard time to argue against the orthodox textbook view that defines the heart as a postmitotic organ. Once the scientific community agreed on the existence of self-renewing cells in the vertebrate heart, their origin was again put on trial when transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming could no longer be excluded as potential sources of self-renewal in the adult organ. Additionally, the presence of self-renewing pluripotent cells in the peripheral blood challenges the concept of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. Leaving these unsolved problems aside, it seems very desirable to learn about the basic biology of this unique cell type. Thus, we shall here paint a picture of cardiovascular progenitor cells including the current knowledge about their origin, basic nature, and the molecular mechanisms guiding proliferation and differentiation into somatic cells of the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Taubenschmid
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Ten years ago, a population of cardiac progenitor cells was identified in pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to a major part of the amniote heart. These multipotent progenitor cells, termed the second heart field (SHF), contribute progressively to the poles of the elongating heart tube during looping morphogenesis, giving rise to myocardium, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Research into the mechanisms of SHF development has contributed significantly to our understanding of the properties of cardiac progenitor cells and the origins of congenital heart defects. Here recent data concerning the regulation, clinically relevant subpopulations, evolution and lineage relationships of the SHF are reviewed. Proliferation and differentiation of SHF cells are controlled by multiple intercellular signaling pathways and a transcriptional regulatory network that is beginning to be elucidated. Perturbation of SHF development results in common forms of congenital heart defects and particular progenitor cell subpopulations are highly relevant clinically, including cells giving rise to myocardium at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the interatrial septum. A SHF has recently been identified in amphibian, fish, and agnathan embryos, highlighting the important contribution of these cells to the evolution of the vertebrate heart. Finally, SHF-derived parts of the heart share a lineage relationship with craniofacial skeletal muscles revealing that these progenitor cells belong to a broad cardiocraniofacial field of pharyngeal mesoderm. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic process of SHF deployment is likely to yield further insights into cardiac development and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseilles, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ni TT, Rellinger EJ, Mukherjee A, Stephens L, Thorne CA, Kim K, Hu J, Xie S, Lee E, Marnett L, Hatzopoulos AK, Zhong TP. Discovering small molecules that promote cardiomyocyte generation by modulating Wnt signaling. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2011; 18:1658-68. [PMID: 22195568 PMCID: PMC3645312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a robust in vivo small-molecule screen that modulates heart size and cardiomyocyte generation in zebrafish. Three structurally related compounds (Cardionogen-1 to Cardionogen-3) identified from our screen enlarge the size of the developing heart via myocardial hyperplasia. Increased cardiomyocyte number in Cardionogen-treated embryos is due to expansion of cardiac progenitor cells. In zebrafish embryos and murine embryonic stem (ES) cells, Cardionogen treatment promotes cardiogenesis during and after gastrulation, whereas it inhibits heart formation before gastrulation. Cardionogen-induced effects can be antagonized by increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. We demonstrate that Cardionogen inhibits Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcription in murine ES cells and zebrafish embryos. Cardionogen can rescue Wnt8-induced cardiomyocyte deficiency and heart-specific phenotypes during development. These findings demonstrate that in vivo small-molecule screens targeting heart size can reveal compounds with cardiomyogenic effects and identify underlying target pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri T. Ni
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Eric J. Rellinger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Lauren Stephens
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Cutris A Thorne
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Kwangho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Shuying Xie
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
| | - Ethan Lee
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Larry Marnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Tao P. Zhong
- State Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 20043, China
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mercola M, Ruiz-Lozano P, Schneider MD. Cardiac muscle regeneration: lessons from development. Genes Dev 2011; 25:299-309. [PMID: 21325131 DOI: 10.1101/gad.2018411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adult human heart is an ideal target for regenerative intervention since it does not functionally restore itself after injury yet has a modest regenerative capacity that could be enhanced by innovative therapies. Adult cardiac cells with regenerative potential share gene expression signatures with early fetal progenitors that give rise to multiple cardiac cell types, suggesting that the evolutionarily conserved regulatory networks that drive embryonic heart development might also control aspects of regeneration. Here we discuss commonalities of development and regeneration, and the application of the rich developmental biology heritage to achieve therapeutic regeneration of the human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mercola
- Muscle Development and Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rajala K, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Aalto-Setälä K. Cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:383709. [PMID: 21603143 PMCID: PMC3096314 DOI: 10.4061/2011/383709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate towards the cardiac lineage has attracted significant interest, initially with a strong focus on regenerative medicine. The ultimate goal to repair the heart by cardiomyocyte replacement has, however, proven challenging. Human cardiac differentiation has been difficult to control, but methods are improving, and the process, to a certain extent, can be manipulated and directed. The stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes described to date exhibit rather immature functional and structural characteristics compared to adult cardiomyocytes. Thus, a future challenge will be to develop strategies to reach a higher degree of cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro, to isolate cardiomyocytes from the heterogeneous pool of differentiating cells, as well as to guide the differentiation into the desired subtype, that is, ventricular, atrial, and pacemaker cells. In this paper, we will discuss the strategies for the generation of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells and their characteristics, as well as highlight some applications for the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rajala
- Regea - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
del Monte G, Casanova JC, Guadix JA, MacGrogan D, Burch JB, Pérez-Pomares JM, de la Pompa JL. Differential Notch Signaling in the Epicardium Is Required for Cardiac Inflow Development and Coronary Vessel Morphogenesis. Circ Res 2011; 108:824-36. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.229062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
The proepicardium is a transient structure comprising epicardial progenitor cells located at the posterior limit of the embryonic cardiac inflow. A network of signals regulates proepicardial cell fate and defines myocardial and nonmyocardial domains at the venous pole of the heart. During cardiac development, epicardial-derived cells also contribute to coronary vessel morphogenesis.
Objective:
To study Notch function during proepicardium development and coronary vessel formation in the mouse.
Methods and Results:
Using in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry, we find that Notch pathway elements are differentially activated throughout the proepicardial–epicardial–coronary transition. Analysis of
RBPJk
-targeted embryos indicates that Notch ablation causes ectopic procardiogenic signaling in the proepicardium that in turn promotes myocardial differentiation in adjacent mesodermal progenitors, resulting in a premature muscularization of the sinus venosus horns. Epicardium-specific
Notch1
ablation using a
Wt1-Cre
driver line disrupts coronary artery differentiation, reduces myocardium wall thickness and myocyte proliferation, and reduces
Raldh2
expression. Ectopic Notch1 activation disrupts epicardium development and causes thinning of ventricular walls.
Conclusions:
Epicardial Notch modulates cell differentiation in the proepicardium and adjacent pericardial mesoderm. Notch1 is later required for arterial endothelium commitment and differentiation and for vessel wall maturation during coronary vessel development and myocardium growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo del Monte
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - Jesús C. Casanova
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - Juan Antonio Guadix
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - John B.E. Burch
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - José María Pérez-Pomares
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Laboratorio de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo (G.d.M., J.C.C., D.M., J.L.d.l.P.), Dpto de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Animal (J.A.G., J.M.P.-P.), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Spain; and Fox Chase Cancer Center (J.B.E.B.), Philadelphia PA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The myocardium of the heart is composed of multiple highly specialized myocardial lineages, including those of the ventricular and atrial myocardium, and the specialized conduction system. Specification and maturation of each of these lineages during heart development is a highly ordered, ongoing process involving multiple signaling pathways and their intersection with transcriptional regulatory networks. Here, we attempt to summarize and compare much of what we know about specification and maturation of myocardial lineages from studies in several different vertebrate model systems. To date, most research has focused on early specification, and although there is still more to learn about early specification, less is known about factors that promote subsequent maturation of myocardial lineages required to build the functioning adult heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla CA 92093, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Noseda
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (M.N., M.D.S.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London; and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (T.P., F.C.S., R.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Peterkin
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (M.N., M.D.S.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London; and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (T.P., F.C.S., R.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa C. Simões
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (M.N., M.D.S.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London; and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (T.P., F.C.S., R.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Patient
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (M.N., M.D.S.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London; and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (T.P., F.C.S., R.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- From the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (M.N., M.D.S.), National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London; and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine (T.P., F.C.S., R.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
RITA, a novel modulator of Notch signalling, acts via nuclear export of RBP-J. EMBO J 2010; 30:43-56. [PMID: 21102556 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Notch signal transduction pathway regulates fundamental cellular processes during embryonic development and in the adult. Ligand binding induces presenilin-dependent cleavage of the receptor and a subsequent nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In the nucleus, NICD binds to the recombination signal sequence-binding protein J (RBP-J)/CBF-1 transcription factor to induce expression of Notch target genes. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of RBP-J interacting and tubulin associated (RITA) (C12ORF52) as a novel RBP-J/CBF-1-interacting protein. RITA is a highly conserved 36 kDa protein that, most interestingly, binds to tubulin in the cytoplasm and shuttles rapidly between cytoplasm and nucleus. This shuttling RITA exports RBP-J/CBF-1 from the nucleus. Functionally, we show that RITA can reverse a Notch-induced loss of primary neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis. Furthermore, RITA is able to downregulate Notch-mediated transcription. Thus, we propose that RITA acts as a negative modulator of the Notch signalling pathway, controlling the level of nuclear RBP-J/CBF-1, where its amounts are limiting.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Abstract The establishment of efficient methods for promoting stem cell differentiation into target cells is important not only in regenerative medicine, but also in drug discovery. In addition to embryonic stem (ES) cells and various somatic stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood, a novel dedifferentiation technology that allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been recently developed. Although an increasing number of stem cell populations are being described, there remains a lack of protocols for driving the differentiation of these cells. Regeneration of organs from stem cells in vitro requires precise blueprints for each differentiation step. To date, studies using various model organisms, such as zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, and gene-targeted mice, have uncovered several factors that are critical for the development of organs. We have been using X. laevis, the African clawed frog, which has developmental patterns similar to those seen in humans. Moreover, Xenopus embryos are excellent research tools for the development of differentiation protocols, since they are available in high numbers and are sufficiently large and robust for culturing after simple microsurgery. In addition, Xenopus eggs are fertilized externally, and all stages of the embryo are easily accessible, making it relatively easy to study the functions of individual gene products during organogenesis using microinjection into embryonic cells. In the present review, we provide examples of methods for in vitro organ formation that use undifferentiated Xenopus cells. We also describe the application of amphibian differentiation protocols to mammalian stem cells, so as to facilitate the development of efficient methodologies for in vitro differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kurisaki
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakano D, Kato A, Parikh N, McKnight K, Terry D, Stefanovic B, Kato Y. BCL6 canalizes Notch-dependent transcription, excluding Mastermind-like1 from selected target genes during left-right patterning. Dev Cell 2010; 18:450-62. [PMID: 20230751 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the Notch signaling pathway is one of the most intensely studied intracellular signaling pathways, the mechanisms by which Notch signaling regulates transcription remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6), a transcriptional repressor, is a Notch-associated factor. BCL6 is necessary to maintain the expression of Pitx2 in the left lateral plate mesoderm during the patterning of left-right asymmetry in Xenopus embryos. For this process, BCL6 forms a complex with BCL6 corepressor (BCoR) on the promoters of selected Notch target genes such as enhancer of split related 1. BCL6 also inhibits the transcription of these genes by competing for the Notch1 intracellular domain, preventing the coactivator Mastermind-like1 (MAM1) from binding. These results define a mechanism restricting Notch-activated transcription to cell-type-appropriate subsets of target genes, and elucidate its relevance in vivo during left-right asymmetric development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The Notch-signaling pathway is involved in multiple processes during vertebrate cardiac development. Cardiomyocyte differentiation, patterning of the different cardiac regions, valve development, ventricular trabeculation, and outflow tract development have all been shown to depend on the activity of specific Notch-signaling elements. From these studies, it becomes obvious that Notch regulates in a cell autonomous or non-cell autonomous manner different signaling pathways, pointing to a role for Notch as a signal coordinator during cardiogenesis. While most of the research has concentrated on Notch signaling in the myocardium, the importance of Notch activity in the cardiac endothelium (endocardium) must not be overlooked. Endocardial Notch activity is crucial for valve and ventricular trabeculae development, two processes that illustrate the role of Notch as a signal coordinator. The importance of Notch signaling in human disease is evident from the discovery that many mutations in components of this pathway segregate in several inherited and acquired disorders. This reflects the fundamental roles that Notch performs during cardiac ontogeny. This review examines the experimental evidence supporting a role for Notch in cardiac development and adult heart homeostasis, and how dysregulated Notch signaling may lead to cardiac disease in the newborn and in the adult.
Collapse
|
44
|
Muñoz-Chápuli R, Pérez-Pomares JM. Cardiogenesis: an embryological perspective. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2009; 3:37-48. [PMID: 20560033 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-009-9146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis, considered as the formation of new heart tissue from embryonic, postnatal, or adult cardiac progenitors, is a pivotal concept to understand the rationale of advanced therapies to repair the damaged heart. In this review, we focus on the cellular and molecular regulation of cardiogenesis in the developing embryo, and we dissect the complex interactions that control the diversification and maturation of a variety of cardiac cell lineages. Our aim is to show how the sophisticated anatomical structure of the adult four-chambered heart strongly depends on the fine regulation of the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. These events are shown to be progressive and dynamic as well as plastic, so that the patterned differentiation of distinct heart domains is highly dependent on signals provided by nonmyocardial heart components and extracardiac tissues. Finally, we present the core of our knowledge on cardiac embryogenesis in a biomedical context to provide a critical analysis on the logic of cell therapies designed to treat the failing heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dyer LA, Kirby ML. The role of secondary heart field in cardiac development. Dev Biol 2009; 336:137-44. [PMID: 19835857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although de la Cruz and colleagues showed as early as 1977 that the outflow tract was added after the heart tube formed, the source of these secondarily added cells was not identified for nearly 25 years. In 2001, three pivotal publications described a secondary or anterior heart field that contributed to the developing outflow tract. This review details the history of the heart field, the discovery and continuing elucidation of the secondarily adding myocardial cells, and how the different populations identified in 2001 are related to the more recent lineage tracing studies that defined the first and second myocardial heart fields/lineages. Much recent work has focused on secondary heart field progenitors that give rise to the myocardium and smooth muscle at the definitive arterial pole. These progenitors are the last to be added to the arterial pole and are particularly susceptible to abnormal development, leading to conotruncal malformations in children. The major signaling pathways (Wnt, BMP, FGF8, Notch, and Shh) that control various aspects of secondary heart field progenitor behavior are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Dyer
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Duke University, Room 403 Jones, Box 103105, Durham, NC 2771, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miazga CM, McLaughlin KA. Coordinating the timing of cardiac precursor development during gastrulation: A new role for Notch signaling. Dev Biol 2009; 333:285-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
47
|
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:951-7. [PMID: 19620969 PMCID: PMC2748816 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of multipotent cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) expansion and subsequent differentiation into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle or endothelial cells is a fundamental aspect of basic cardiovascular biology and cardiac regenerative medicine. However, the mechanisms governing these decisions remain unclear. Here, we show that Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, which promotes expansion of CPCs, is negatively regulated by Notch1-mediated control of phosphorylated beta-catenin accumulation within CPCs, and that Notch1 activity in CPCs is required for their differentiation. Notch1 positively, and beta-catenin negatively, regulated expression of the cardiac transcription factors, Isl1, Myocd and Smyd1. Surprisingly, disruption of Isl1, normally expressed transiently in CPCs before their differentiation, resulted in expansion of CPCs in vivo and in an embryonic stem (ES) cell system. Furthermore, Isl1 was required for CPC differentiation into cardiomyocyte and smooth muscle cells, but not endothelial cells. These findings reveal a regulatory network controlling CPC expansion and cell fate that involves unanticipated functions of beta-catenin, Notch1 and Isl1 that may be leveraged for regenerative approaches involving CPCs.
Collapse
|
48
|
High FA, Jain R, Stoller JZ, Antonucci NB, Lu MM, Loomes KM, Kaestner KH, Pear WS, Epstein JA. Murine Jagged1/Notch signaling in the second heart field orchestrates Fgf8 expression and tissue-tissue interactions during outflow tract development. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1986-96. [PMID: 19509466 DOI: 10.1172/jci38922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is vital for proper cardiovascular development and function in both humans and animal models. Indeed, mutations in either JAGGED or NOTCH cause congenital heart disease in humans and NOTCH mutations are associated with adult valvular disease. Notch typically functions to mediate developmental interactions between adjacent tissues. Here we show that either absence of the Notch ligand Jagged1 or inhibition of Notch signaling in second heart field tissues results in murine aortic arch artery and cardiac anomalies. In mid-gestation, these mutants displayed decreased Fgf8 and Bmp4 expression. Notch inhibition within the second heart field affected the development of neighboring tissues. For example, faulty migration of cardiac neural crest cells and defective endothelial-mesenchymal transition within the outflow tract endocardial cushions were observed. Furthermore, exogenous Fgf8 was sufficient to rescue the defect in endothelial-mesenchymal transition in explant assays of endocardial cushions following Notch inhibition within second heart field derivatives. These data support a model that relates second heart field, neural crest, and endocardial cushion development and suggests that perturbed Notch-Jagged signaling within second heart field progenitors accounts for some forms of congenital and adult cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances A High
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Asashima M, Ito Y, Chan T, Michiue T, Nakanishi M, Suzuki K, Hitachi K, Okabayashi K, Kondow A, Ariizumi T. In vitro organogenesis from undifferentiated cells inXenopus. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1309-20. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
50
|
Abstract
Insight into the mechanisms underlying congenital heart defects and the use of stem cells for cardiac repair are major research goals in cardiovascular biology. In the early embryo, progenitor cells in pharyngeal mesoderm contribute to the rapid growth of the heart tube during looping morphogenesis. These progenitor cells constitute the second heart field (SHF) and were first identified in 2001. Direct or indirect perturbation of SHF addition to the heart results in congenital heart defects, including arterial pole alignment defects. Over the last 3 years, a number of studies have identified key intercellular signaling pathways that control the proliferation and deployment of SHF progenitor cells. Here, we review data concerning Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, Hedgehog, and retinoic acid signaling that have begun to identify the ligand sources and responding cell types controlling SHF development. These studies have revealed the importance of signals from pharyngeal mesoderm itself, as well as critical inputs from adjacent pharyngeal epithelia and neural crest cells. Proliferation is emerging as a central checkpoint in the regulation of SHF development. Together, these studies contribute to defining the niche of cardiac progenitor cells in the early embryo, and we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of resident stem cell populations in the fetal and postnatal heart. Characterization of signals that maintain, expand, and regulate the differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells is essential for understanding both the etiology of congenital heart defects and the biomedical application of stem cell populations for cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rochais
- Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, UMR 6216 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de laMéditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|