1
|
Feng H, Yang S, Zhang L, Zhu J, Li J, Yang Z. A new Prdm1-Cre line is suitable for studying the second heart field development. Dev Biol 2024; 514:78-86. [PMID: 38880275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The second heart field (SHF) plays a pivotal role in heart development, particularly in outflow tract (OFT) morphogenesis and septation, as well as in the expansion of the right ventricle (RV). Two mouse Cre lines, the Mef2c-AHF-Cre (Mef2c-Cre) and Isl1-Cre, have been widely used to study the SHF development. However, Cre activity is triggered not only in the SHF but also in the RV in the Mef2c-Cre mice, and in the Isl1-Cre mice, Cre activation is not SHF-specific. Therefore, a more suitable SHF-Cre line is desirable for better understanding SHF development. Here, we generated and characterized the Prdm1-Cre knock-in mice. In comparison with Mef2c-Cre mice, the Cre activity is similar in the pharyngeal and splanchnic mesoderm, and in the OFT of the Prdm1-Cre mice. Nonetheless, it was noticed that Cre expression is largely reduced in the RV of Prdm1-Cre mice compared to the Mef2c-Cre mice. Furthermore, we deleted Hand2, Nkx2-5, Pdk1 and Tbx20 using both Mef2c-Cre and Prdm1-Cre mice to study OFT morphogenesis and septation, making a comparison between these two Cre lines. New insights were obtained in understanding SHF development including differentiation into cardiomyocytes in the OFT using Prdm1-Cre mice. In conclusion, we found that Prdm1-Cre mouse line is a more appropriate tool to monitor SHF development, while the Mef2c-Cre mice are excellent in studying the role and function of the SHF in OFT morphogenesis and septation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Suming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingai Zhu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seeler S, Arnarsson K, Dreßen M, Krane M, Doppler SA. Beyond the Heartbeat: Single-Cell Omics Redefining Cardiovascular Research. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02117-3. [PMID: 39158785 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore recent advances in single-cell omics techniques as applied to various regions of the human heart, illuminating cellular diversity, regulatory networks, and disease mechanisms. We examine the contributions of single-cell transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, and spatial transcriptomics in unraveling the complexity of cardiac tissues. RECENT FINDINGS Recent strides in single-cell omics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the heart's cellular composition, cell type heterogeneity, and molecular dynamics. These advancements have elucidated pathological conditions as well as the cellular landscape in heart development. We highlight emerging applications of integrated single-cell omics, particularly for cardiac regeneration, disease modeling, and precision medicine, and emphasize the transformative potential of these technologies to advance cardiovascular research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Seeler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery (INSURE), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristjan Arnarsson
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery (INSURE), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery (INSURE), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery (INSURE), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany.
- Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery (INSURE), Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zubrzycki M, Schramm R, Costard-Jäckle A, Grohmann J, Gummert JF, Zubrzycka M. Cardiac Development and Factors Influencing the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs): Part I. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7117. [PMID: 39000221 PMCID: PMC11241401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional description of cardiac development involves progression from a cardiac crescent to a linear heart tube, which in the phase of transformation into a mature heart forms a cardiac loop and is divided with the septa into individual cavities. Cardiac morphogenesis involves numerous types of cells originating outside the initial cardiac crescent, including neural crest cells, cells of the second heart field origin, and epicardial progenitor cells. The development of the fetal heart and circulatory system is subject to regulatation by both genetic and environmental processes. The etiology for cases with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is largely unknown, but several genetic anomalies, some maternal illnesses, and prenatal exposures to specific therapeutic and non-therapeutic drugs are generally accepted as risk factors. New techniques for studying heart development have revealed many aspects of cardiac morphogenesis that are important in the development of CHDs, in particular transposition of the great arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Rene Schramm
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Angelika Costard-Jäckle
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Jochen Grohmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jan F. Gummert
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (R.S.); (A.C.-J.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aurigemma I, Lanzetta O, Cirino A, Allegretti S, Lania G, Ferrentino R, Poondi Krishnan V, Angelini C, Illingworth E, Baldini A. Endothelial gene regulatory elements associated with cardiopharyngeal lineage differentiation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:351. [PMID: 38514806 PMCID: PMC10957928 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) differentiate from multiple sources, including the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, which gives rise also to cardiac and branchiomeric muscles. The enhancers activated during endothelial differentiation within the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm are not completely known. Here, we use a cardiogenic mesoderm differentiation model that activates an endothelial transcription program to identify endothelial regulatory elements activated in early cardiogenic mesoderm. Integrating chromatin remodeling and gene expression data with available single-cell RNA-seq data from mouse embryos, we identify 101 putative regulatory elements of EC genes. We then apply a machine-learning strategy, trained on validated enhancers, to predict enhancers. Using this computational assay, we determine that 50% of these sequences are likely enhancers, some of which are already reported. We also identify a smaller set of regulatory elements of well-known EC genes and validate them using genetic and epigenetic perturbation. Finally, we integrate multiple data sources and computational tools to search for transcriptional factor binding motifs. In conclusion, we show EC regulatory sequences with a high likelihood to be enhancers, and we validate a subset of them using computational and cell culture models. Motif analyses show that the core EC transcription factors GATA/ETS/FOS is a likely driver of EC regulation in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Aurigemma
- PhD program in Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Olga Lanzetta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cirino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Allegretti
- PhD program in Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lania
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Ferrentino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Varsha Poondi Krishnan
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto Applicazioni del Calcolo, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Illingworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Baldini
- PhD program in Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guijarro C, Kelly RG. On the involvement of the second heart field in congenital heart defects. C R Biol 2024; 347:9-18. [PMID: 38488639 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect 1 in 100 live births and result from defects in cardiac development. Growth of the early heart tube occurs by the progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells to the cardiac poles. The SHF gives rise to ventricular septal, right ventricular and outflow tract myocardium at the arterial pole, and atrial, including atrial septal myocardium, at the venous pole. SHF deployment creates the template for subsequent cardiac septation and has been implicated in cardiac looping and in orchestrating outflow tract development with neural crest cells. Genetic or environmental perturbation of SHF deployment thus underlies a spectrum of common forms of CHD affecting conotruncal and septal morphogenesis. Here we review the major properties of SHF cells as well as recent insights into the developmental programs that drive normal cardiac progenitor cell addition and the origins of CHD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Noël ES. Cardiac construction-Recent advances in morphological and transcriptional modeling of early heart development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-156. [PMID: 38556421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
During human embryonic development the early establishment of a functional heart is vital to support the growing fetus. However, forming the embryonic heart is an extremely complex process, requiring spatiotemporally controlled cell specification and differentiation, tissue organization, and coordination of cardiac function. These complexities, in concert with the early and rapid development of the embryonic heart, mean that understanding the intricate interplay between these processes that help shape the early heart remains highly challenging. In this review I focus on recent insights from animal models that have shed new light on the earliest stages of heart development. This includes specification and organization of cardiac progenitors, cell and tissue movements that make and shape the early heart tube, and the initiation of the first beat in the developing heart. In addition I highlight relevant in vitro models that could support translation of findings from animal models to human heart development. Finally I discuss challenges that are being addressed in the field, along with future considerations that together may help move us towards a deeper understanding of how our hearts are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Voskamp SM, Hammonds MA, Knapp TM, Pekmezian AL, Hadley D, Nelson JS. Meta-analysis reveals differential gene expression in tetralogy of Fallot versus controls. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2293. [PMID: 38146097 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect in the United States. We aimed to identify genetic variations associated with TOF using meta-analysis of publicly available digital samples to spotlight targets for prevention, screening, and treatment strategies. METHODS We used the Search Tag Analyze Resource for Gene Expression Omnibus (STARGEO) platform to identify 39 TOF and 19 non-TOF right ventricle tissue samples from microarray data and identified upregulated and downregulated genes. Associated gene expression data were analyzed using ingenuity pathway analysis and restricted to genes with a statistically significant (p < .05) difference and an absolute experimental log ratio >0.1 between disease and control samples. RESULTS Our analysis identified 220 genes whose expression profiles were significantly altered in TOF vs. non-TOF samples. The most striking differences identified in gene expression included genes FBXO32, PTGES, MYL12a, and NR2F2. Some top associated canonical pathways included adrenergic signaling, estrogen receptor signaling, and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy. In general, genes involved in adaptive, defensive, and reparative cardiovascular responses showed altered expression in TOF vs. non-TOF samples. CONCLUSIONS We introduced the interpretation of open "big data" using the STARGEO platform to define robust genomic signatures of congenital heart disease pathology of TOF. Overall, our meta-analysis results indicated increased metabolism, inflammation, and altered gene expression in TOF patients. Estrogen receptor signaling and the role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy represent unique pathways upregulated in TOF patients and are potential targets for future pharmacologic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mae Voskamp
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Knapp
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Ashley L Pekmezian
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Dexter Hadley
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jennifer S Nelson
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Services, Nemours Children's Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buckingham M, Kelly RG. Cardiac Progenitor Cells of the First and Second Heart Fields. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:103-124. [PMID: 38884707 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The heart forms from the first and second heart fields, which contribute to distinct regions of the myocardium. This is supported by clonal analyses, which identify corresponding first and second cardiac cell lineages in the heart. Progenitor cells of the second heart field and its sub-domains are controlled by a gene regulatory network and signaling pathways, which determine their behavior. Multipotent cells in this field can also contribute cardiac endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the skeletal muscles of the head and neck are clonally related to myocardial cells that form the arterial and venous poles of the heart. These lineage relationships, together with the genes that regulate the heart fields, have major implications for congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Buckingham
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Biologie du Dévelopment de Marseille, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bobos D, Soufla G, Angouras DC, Lekakis I, Georgopoulos S, Melissari E. Investigation of the Role of BMP2 and -4 in ASD, VSD and Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2717. [PMID: 37627976 PMCID: PMC10453726 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart malformations (CHMs) make up between 2 and 3% of annual human births. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signalling is required for chamber myocardium development. We examined for possible molecular defects in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 4 (BMP2, -4) genes by sequencing analysis of all coding exons, as well as possible transcription or protein expression deregulation by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, in 52 heart biopsies with congenital malformations (atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy ofFallot (ToF) and complex cases) compared to 10 non-congenital heart disease (CHD) hearts. No loss of function mutations was found; only synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 and BMP4 genes were found. Deregulation of the mRNA expression and co-expression profile of the two genes (BMP2/BMP4) was observed in the affected compared to the normal hearts. BMP2 and -4 protein expression levels were similar in normal and affected hearts. This is the first study assessing the role of BMP-2 and 4 in congenital heart malformations. Our analysis did not reveal molecular defects in the BMP2 and -4 genes that could support a causal relationship with the congenital defects present in our patients. Importantly, sustained mRNA and protein expression of BMP2 and -4 in CHD cases compared to controls indicates possible temporal epigenetic, microRNA or post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms governing the initial stages of cardiac malformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bobos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giannoula Soufla
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Angouras
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lekakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Athens Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Georgopoulos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Euthemia Melissari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Astrof S, Arriagada C, Saijoh Y, Francou A, Kelly RG, Moon A. Aberrant differentiation of second heart field mesoderm prefigures cellular defects in the outflow tract in response to loss of FGF8. Dev Biol 2023; 499:10-21. [PMID: 37060937 PMCID: PMC10686765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of the outflow tract of the heart requires specification, proliferation and deployment of a progenitor cell population from the second heart field to generate the myocardium at the arterial pole of the heart. Disruption of these processes leads to lethal defects in rotation and septation of the outflow tract. We previously showed that Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) directs a signaling cascade in the second heart field that regulates critical aspects of OFT morphogenesis. Here we show that in addition to the survival and proliferation cues previously described, FGF8 provides instructive and patterning information to OFT myocardial cells and their progenitors that prevents their aberrant differentiation along a working myocardial program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Astrof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yukio Saijoh
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandre Francou
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tyser RCV. Formation of the Heart: Defining Cardiomyocyte Progenitors at Single-Cell Resolution. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:495-503. [PMID: 37119451 PMCID: PMC10188409 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Formation of the heart requires the coordinated addition of multiple progenitor sources which have undergone different pathways of specification and differentiation. In this review, I aim to put into context how recent studies defining cardiac progenitor heterogeneity build on our understanding of early heart development and also discuss the questions raised by this new insight. RECENT FINDINGS With the development of sequencing technologies and imaging approaches, it has been possible to define, at high temporal resolution, the molecular profile and anatomical location of cardiac progenitors at the single-cell level, during the formation of the mammalian heart. Given the recent progress in our understanding of early heart development and technical advances in high-resolution time-lapse imaging and lineage analysis, we are now in a position of great potential, allowing us to resolve heart formation at previously impossible levels of detail. Understanding how this essential organ forms not only addresses questions of fundamental biological significance but also provides a blueprint for strategies to both treat and model heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C V Tyser
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu J, Wang H, Du X, Zhu L, Wang S, Zhang H, Xu Z, Chen H. Morphologic classification of tracheobronchial arborization in children with congenital tracheobronchial stenosis and the associated cardiovascular defects. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1123237. [PMID: 37287629 PMCID: PMC10242125 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to classify patients with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) according to tracheobronchial morphology and determine anatomic features associated with tracheobronchial anomalies (TBAs) and concurrent cardiovascular defects (CVDs). Methods We enrolled 254 patients who underwent tracheoplasty between November 1, 2009 and December 30, 2018. The anatomic features of the tracheobronchial tree and cardiovascular system were abstracted from bronchoscopy, echocardiography, computerized tomography, and operative reports. Results Four types of tracheobronchial morphology were identified: Type-1, which included normal tracheobronchial arborization (Type-1A, n = 29) and tracheal bronchus (Type-1B, n = 22); Type-2 (tracheal trifurcation; n = 49), and Type-3 (typical bridging bronchus; n = 47). Type-4 (bronchus with an untypical bridging pattern) was divided into Type-4A (involving bronchial diverticulum; n = 52) and Type-4B (absent bronchus; n = 55). Carinal compression and tracheomalacia were significantly more frequent in Type-4 patients than in the other patients (P < 0.01). CVDs were common in patients with CTS, especially in patients with Type-3 and Type-4 (P < 0.01). Persistent left superior vena cava was most common among patients with Type-3 (P < 0.01), and pulmonary artery sling was most frequent among those with Type-4 (P < 0.01). Outflow tract defects were most likely to occur in Type-1B. Early mortality was detected in 12.2% of all patients, and young age (P = 0.02), operation in the early era (P < 0.01), and bronchial stenosis (P = 0.03) were proven to be risk factors. Conclusions We demonstrated a useful morphological classification for CTS. Bridging bronchus was most closely linked with vascular anomalies, while tracheal bronchus was frequently associated with outflow tract defects. These results may provide a clue to CTS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunmin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yahya I, Brand-Saberi B, Morosan-Puopolo G. Chicken embryo as a model in second heart field development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14230. [PMID: 36923876 PMCID: PMC10009738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a single source of progenitor cells was thought to be responsible for the formation of the cardiac muscle. However, the second heart field has recently been identified as an additional source of myocardial progenitor cells. The chicken embryo, which develops in the egg, outside the mother can easily be manipulated in vivo and in vitro. Hence, it was an excellent model for establishing the concept of the second heart field. Here, our review will focus on the chicken model, specifically its role in understanding the second heart field. In addition to discussing historical aspects, we provide an overview of recent findings that have helped to define the chicken second heart field progenitor cells. A better understanding of the second heart field development will provide important insights into the congenital malformations affecting cardiac muscle formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin Yahya
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11115, Sudan
- Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Restivo A, di Gioia C, Marino B, Putotto C. Transpositions of the great arteries versus aortic dextropositions. A review of some embryogenetic and morphological aspects. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:502-514. [PMID: 36426596 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review examines and discusses the morphology and embryology of two main groups of conotruncal cardiac malformations: (a) transposition of the great arteries (complete transposition and incomplete/partial transposition namely double outlet right ventricle), and (b) aortic dextroposition defects (tetralogy of Fallot and Eisenmenger malformation). In both groups, persistent truncus arteriosus was included because maldevelopment of the neural crest cell supply to the outflow tract, contributing to the production of the persistent truncus arteriosus, is shared by both groups of malformations. The potentially important role of the proximal conal cushions in the rotatory sequence of the conotruncus is emphasized. Most importantly, this study emphasizes the differentiation between the double-outlet right ventricle, which is a partial or incomplete transposition of the great arteries, and the Eisenmenger malformation, which is an aortic dextroposition. Special emphasis is also given to the leftward shift of the conoventricular junction, which covers an important morphogenetic role in both aortic dextropositions and transposition defects as well as in normal development, and whose molecular genetic regulation seems to remain unclear at present. Emphasis is placed on the distinct and overlapping roles of Tbx1 and Pitx2 transcription factors in modulating the development of the cardiac outflow tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Restivo
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Museum of Pathological Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cira di Gioia
- Museum of Pathological Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Human Heart Morphogenesis: A New Vision Based on In Vivo Labeling and Cell Tracking. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010165. [PMID: 36676114 PMCID: PMC9861877 DOI: 10.3390/life13010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the extensive information available on the different genetic, epigenetic, and molecular features of cardiogenesis, the origin of congenital heart defects remains unknown. Most genetic and molecular studies have been conducted outside the context of the progressive anatomical and histological changes in the embryonic heart, which is one of the reasons for the limited knowledge of the origins of congenital heart diseases. We integrated the findings of descriptive studies on human embryos and experimental studies on chick, rat, and mouse embryos. This research is based on the new dynamic concept of heart development and the existence of two heart fields. The first field corresponds to the straight heart tube, into which splanchnic mesodermal cells from the second heart field are gradually recruited. The overall aim was to create a new vision for the analysis, diagnosis, and regionalized classification of congenital defects of the heart and great arteries. In addition to highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the development of congenital heart disease, this study provides new insights into the composition of the straight heart tube, the processes of twisting and folding, and the fate of the conus in the development of the right ventricle and its outflow tract. The new vision, based on in vivo labeling and cell tracking and enhanced by models such as gastruloids and organoids, has contributed to a better understanding of important errors in cardiac morphogenesis, which may lead to several congenital heart diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao K, Yang Z. The second heart field: the first 20 years. Mamm Genome 2022:10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8. [PMID: 36550326 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, three independent groups reported the identification of a novel cluster of progenitor cells that contribute to heart development in mouse and chicken embryos. This population of progenitor cells was designated as the second heart field (SHF), and a new research direction in heart development was launched. Twenty years have since passed and a comprehensive understanding of the SHF has been achieved. This review provides retrospective insights in to the contribution, the signaling regulatory networks and the epithelial properties of the SHF. It also includes the spatiotemporal characteristics of SHF development and interactions between the SHF and other types of cells during heart development. Although considerable efforts will be required to investigate the cellular heterogeneity of the SHF, together with its intricate regulatory networks and undefined mechanisms, it is expected that the burgeoning new technology of single-cell sequencing and precise lineage tracing will advance the comprehension of SHF function and its molecular signals. The advances in SHF research will translate to clinical applications and to the treatment of congenital heart diseases, especially conotruncal defects, as well as to regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nodal signaling regulates asymmetric cellular behaviors, driving clockwise rotation of the heart tube in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2022; 5:996. [PMID: 36131094 PMCID: PMC9492702 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clockwise rotation of the primitive heart tube, a process regulated by restricted left-sided Nodal signaling, is the first morphological manifestation of left-right asymmetry. How Nodal regulates cell behaviors to drive asymmetric morphogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution live imaging of zebrafish embryos, we simultaneously visualized cellular dynamics underlying early heart morphogenesis and resulting changes in tissue shape, to identify two key cell behaviors: cell rearrangement and cell shape change, which convert initially flat heart primordia into a tube through convergent extension. Interestingly, left cells were more active in these behaviors than right cells, driving more rapid convergence of the left primordium, and thereby rotating the heart tube. Loss of Nodal signaling abolished the asymmetric cell behaviors as well as the asymmetric convergence of the left and right heart primordia. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Nodal signaling regulates the magnitude of morphological changes by acting on basic cellular behaviors underlying heart tube formation, driving asymmetric deformation and rotation of the heart tube.
Collapse
|
18
|
Trinidad F, Rubonal F, Rodriguez de Castro I, Pirzadeh I, Gerrah R, Kheradvar A, Rugonyi S. Effect of Blood Flow on Cardiac Morphogenesis and Formation of Congenital Heart Defects. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090303. [PMID: 36135448 PMCID: PMC9503889 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects about 1 in 100 newborns and its causes are multifactorial. In the embryo, blood flow within the heart and vasculature is essential for proper heart development, with abnormal blood flow leading to CHD. Here, we discuss how blood flow (hemodynamics) affects heart development from embryonic to fetal stages, and how abnormal blood flow solely can lead to CHD. We emphasize studies performed using avian models of heart development, because those models allow for hemodynamic interventions, in vivo imaging, and follow up, while they closely recapitulate heart defects observed in humans. We conclude with recommendations on investigations that must be performed to bridge the gaps in understanding how blood flow alone, or together with other factors, contributes to CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Trinidad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Floyd Rubonal
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | | | - Ida Pirzadeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rabin Gerrah
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arash Kheradvar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gonzalez DM, Schrode N, Ebrahim TAM, Broguiere N, Rossi G, Drakhlis L, Zweigerdt R, Lutolf MP, Beaumont KG, Sebra R, Dubois NC. Dissecting mechanisms of chamber-specific cardiac differentiation and its perturbation following retinoic acid exposure. Development 2022; 149:275658. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The specification of distinct cardiac lineages occurs before chamber formation and acquisition of bona fide atrial or ventricular identity. However, the mechanisms underlying these early specification events remain poorly understood. Here, we performed single cell analysis at the murine cardiac crescent, primitive heart tube and heart tube stages to uncover the transcriptional mechanisms underlying formation of atrial and ventricular cells. We find that progression towards differentiated cardiomyocytes occurs primarily based on heart field progenitor identity, and that progenitors contribute to ventricular or atrial identity through distinct differentiation mechanisms. We identify new candidate markers that define such differentiation processes and examine their expression dynamics using computational lineage trajectory methods. We further show that exposure to exogenous retinoic acid causes defects in ventricular chamber size, dysregulation in FGF signaling and a shunt in differentiation towards orthogonal lineages. Retinoic acid also causes defects in cell-cycle exit resulting in formation of hypomorphic ventricles. Collectively, our data identify, at a single cell level, distinct lineage trajectories during cardiac specification and differentiation, and the precise effects of manipulating cardiac progenitor patterning via retinoic acid signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Gonzalez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1 Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 2 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 3 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 4 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| | - Nadine Schrode
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 5 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| | - Tasneem A. M. Ebrahim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1 Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 2 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 3 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 4 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| | - Nicolas Broguiere
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL 6 Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering , , Lausanne CH-1015 , Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Rossi
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL 6 Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering , , Lausanne CH-1015 , Switzerland
| | - Lika Drakhlis
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering 7 , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4052 , Switzerland
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering 7 , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4052 , Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL 6 Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering , , Lausanne CH-1015 , Switzerland
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering 7 , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4052 , Switzerland
| | - Kristin G. Beaumont
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 5 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO) 8 , Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG) , , Hannover , Germany
- REBIRTH–Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School 8 , Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG) , , Hannover , Germany
| | - Robert Sebra
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 3 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 5 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture 9 , Stamford, CT 06902 , USA
| | - Nicole C. Dubois
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 1 Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology , , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 2 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 3 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai 4 , New York, NY 10029 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bonet F, Inácio JM, Bover O, Añez SB, Belo JA. CCBE1 in Cardiac Development and Disease. Front Genet 2022; 13:836694. [PMID: 35222551 PMCID: PMC8864227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.836694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The collagen- and calcium-binding EGF-like domains 1 (CCBE1) is a secreted protein extensively described as indispensable for lymphangiogenesis during development enhancing VEGF-C signaling. In human patients, mutations in CCBE1 have been found to cause Hennekam syndrome, an inherited disease characterized by malformation of the lymphatic system that presents a wide variety of symptoms such as primary lymphedema, lymphangiectasia, and heart defects. Importantly, over the last decade, an essential role for CCBE1 during heart development is being uncovered. In mice, Ccbe1 expression was initially detected in distinct cardiac progenitors such as first and second heart field, and the proepicardium. More recently, Ccbe1 expression was identified in the epicardium and sinus venosus (SV) myocardium at E11.5–E13.5, the stage when SV endocardium–derived (VEGF-C dependent) coronary vessels start to form. Concordantly, CCBE1 is required for the correct formation of the coronary vessels and the coronary artery stem in the mouse. Additionally, Ccbe1 was found to be enriched in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and revealed as a new essential gene for the differentiation of ESC-derived early cardiac precursor cell lineages. Here, we bring an up-to-date review on the role of CCBE1 in cardiac development, function, and human disease implications. Finally, we envisage the potential of this molecule’s functions from a regenerative medicine perspective, particularly novel therapeutic strategies for heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bonet
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz (UCA), Cádiz, Spain
- Research Unit, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oriol Bover
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabrina B. Añez
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A. Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: José A. Belo,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abrial M, Basu S, Huang M, Butty V, Schwertner A, Jeffrey S, Jordan D, Burns CE, Burns CG. Latent TGFβ binding proteins 1 and 3 protect the larval zebrafish outflow tract from aneurysmal dilatation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274139. [PMID: 35098309 PMCID: PMC8990920 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic root aneurysm is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Loeys-Dietz and Marfan Syndromes, where perturbations in TGFβ signaling play a causal or contributory role, respectively. Despite the advantages of cross-species disease modeling, animal models of aortic root aneurysm are largely restricted to genetically engineered mice. Here, we report that zebrafish devoid of latent TGFβ binding protein (ltbp) 1 and 3 develop rapid and severe aneurysm of the outflow tract (OFT), the aortic root equivalent. Similar to syndromic aneurysm tissue, the distended OFTs display evidence for paradoxical hyperactivated TGFβ signaling. RNA-sequencing revealed significant overlap between the molecular signatures of disease tissue from mutant zebrafish and Marfan mice. Lastly, chemical inhibition of TGFβ signaling in wild-type animals phenocopied mutants but chemical activation did not, demonstrating that TGFβ signaling is protective against aneurysm. Human relevance is supported by recent studies implicating genetic lesions in LTBP3 and potentially LTBP1 as heritable causes of aortic root aneurysm. Ultimately, our data demonstrate that zebrafish can now be leveraged to interrogate thoracic aneurysmal disease and identify novel lead compounds through small molecule suppressor screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline Abrial
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandeep Basu
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Butty
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology BioMicroCenter, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Asya Schwertner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spencer Jeffrey
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Jordan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ebrahimi N, Bradley C, Hunter P. An integrative multiscale view of early cardiac looping. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1535. [PMID: 35023324 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form and function during the development of an embryo. Heart development consists of a series of events believed to be highly conserved in vertebrates. Development of heart begins with the formation of the cardiac fields followed by a linear heart tube formation. The straight heart tube then undergoes a ventral bending prior to further bending and helical torsion to form a looped heart. The looping phase is then followed by ballooning, septation, and valve formation giving rise to a four-chambered heart in avians and mammals. The looping phase plays a central role in heart development. Successful looping is essential for proper alignment of the future cardiac chambers and tracts. As aberrant looping results in various congenital heart diseases, the mechanisms of cardiac looping have been studied for several decades by various disciplines. Many groups have studied anatomy, biology, genetics, and mechanical processes during heart looping, and have proposed multiple mechanisms. Computational modeling approaches have been utilized to examine the proposed mechanisms of the looping process. Still, the exact underlying mechanism(s) controlling the looping phase remain poorly understood. Although further experimental measurements are obviously still required, the need for more integrative computational modeling approaches is also apparent in order to make sense of the vast amount of experimental data and the complexity of multiscale developmental systems. Indeed, there needs to be an iterative interaction between experimentation and modeling in order to properly find the gap in the existing data and to validate proposed hypotheses. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Cardiovascular Diseases > Computational Models Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ebrahimi
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Bradley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stutt N, Song M, Wilson MD, Scott IC. Cardiac specification during gastrulation - The Yellow Brick Road leading to Tinman. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:46-58. [PMID: 34865988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The question of how the heart develops, and the genetic networks governing this process have become intense areas of research over the past several decades. This research is propelled by classical developmental studies and potential clinical applications to understand and treat congenital conditions in which cardiac development is disrupted. Discovery of the tinman gene in Drosophila, and examination of its vertebrate homolog Nkx2.5, along with other core cardiac transcription factors has revealed how cardiac progenitor differentiation and maturation drives heart development. Careful observation of cardiac morphogenesis along with lineage tracing approaches indicated that cardiac progenitors can be divided into two broad classes of cells, namely the first and second heart fields, that contribute to the heart in two distinct waves of differentiation. Ample evidence suggests that the fate of individual cardiac progenitors is restricted to distinct cardiac structures quite early in development, well before the expression of canonical cardiac progenitor markers like Nkx2.5. Here we review the initial specification of cardiac progenitors, discuss evidence for the early patterning of cardiac progenitors during gastrulation, and consider how early gene expression programs and epigenetic patterns can direct their development. A complete understanding of when and how the developmental potential of cardiac progenitors is determined, and their potential plasticity, is of great interest developmentally and also has important implications for both the study of congenital heart disease and therapeutic approaches based on cardiac stem cell programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Stutt
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Mengyi Song
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lescroart F, Dumas CE, Adachi N, Kelly RG. Emergence of heart and branchiomeric muscles in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. Exp Cell Res 2021; 410:112931. [PMID: 34798131 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Branchiomeric muscles of the head and neck originate in a population of cranial mesoderm termed cardiopharyngeal mesoderm that also contains progenitor cells contributing to growth of the embryonic heart. Retrospective lineage analysis has shown that branchiomeric muscles share a clonal origin with parts of the heart, indicating the presence of common heart and head muscle progenitor cells in the early embryo. Genetic lineage tracing and functional studies in the mouse, as well as in Ciona and zebrafish, together with recent experiments using single cell transcriptomics and multipotent stem cells, have provided further support for the existence of bipotent head and heart muscle progenitor cells. Current challenges concern defining where and when such common progenitor cells exist in mammalian embryos and how alternative myogenic derivatives emerge in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. Addressing these questions will provide insights into mechanisms of cell fate acquisition and the evolution of vertebrate musculature, as well as clinical insights into the origins of muscle restricted myopathies and congenital defects affecting craniofacial and cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille E Dumas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, 13009, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shi L, Racedo SE, Diacou A, Park T, Zhou B, Morrow BE. Crk and Crkl have shared functions in neural crest cells for cardiac outflow tract septation and vascular smooth muscle differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1197-1215. [PMID: 34686881 PMCID: PMC9029238 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRK and CRKL encode cytoplasmic adaptors that contribute to the etiology of congenital heart disease. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are required for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) septation and aortic arch formation. The roles of Crk/Crkl in NCCs during mouse cardiovascular development remains unknown. To test this, we inactivated Crk and/or Crkl in NCCs. We found that the loss of Crk, rather than Crkl, in NCCs resulted in double outlet right ventricle, while loss of both Crk/Crkl in NCCs resulted in severe defects with earlier lethality due to failed OFT septation and severe dilation of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). We found that these defects are due to altered cell morphology resulting in reduced localization of NCCs to the OFT and failed integrity of the PAAs, along with reduced expression of Integrin signaling genes. Further, molecular studies identified reduced differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells that may in part be due to altered Notch signaling. Additionally, there is increased cellular stress that leads to modest increase in apoptosis. Overall, this explains the mechanism for the Crk/Crkl phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Shi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Silvia E Racedo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Taeju Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Derrick CJ, Pollitt EJG, Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu A, Hussein F, Grierson AJ, Noël ES. Lamb1a regulates atrial growth by limiting second heart field addition during zebrafish heart development. Development 2021; 148:272294. [PMID: 34568948 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During early vertebrate heart development, the heart transitions from a linear tube to a complex asymmetric structure, a morphogenetic process that occurs simultaneously with growth of the heart. Cardiac growth during early heart morphogenesis is driven by deployment of cells from the second heart field (SHF) into both poles of the heart. Laminin is a core component of the extracellular matrix and, although mutations in laminin subunits are linked with cardiac abnormalities, no role for laminin has been identified in early vertebrate heart morphogenesis. We identified tissue-specific expression of laminin genes in the developing zebrafish heart, supporting a role for laminins in heart morphogenesis. Analysis of heart development in lamb1a zebrafish mutant embryos reveals mild morphogenetic defects and progressive cardiomegaly, and that Lamb1a functions to limit heart size during cardiac development by restricting SHF addition. lamb1a mutants exhibit hallmarks of altered haemodynamics, and blocking cardiac contractility in lamb1a mutants rescues heart size and atrial SHF addition. Together, these results suggest that laminin mediates interactions between SHF deployment and cardiac biomechanics during heart morphogenesis and growth in the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J G Pollitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Farah Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew J Grierson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rowton M, Guzzetta A, Rydeen AB, Moskowitz IP. Control of cardiomyocyte differentiation timing by intercellular signaling pathways. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:94-106. [PMID: 34144893 PMCID: PMC8968240 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), malformations of the heart present at birth, is the most common class of life-threatening birth defect (Hoffman (1995) [1], Gelb (2004) [2], Gelb (2014) [3]). A major research challenge is to elucidate the genetic determinants of CHD and mechanistically link CHD ontogeny to a molecular understanding of heart development. Although the embryonic origins of CHD are unclear in most cases, dysregulation of cardiovascular lineage specification, patterning, proliferation, migration or differentiation have been described (Olson (2004) [4], Olson (2006) [5], Srivastava (2006) [6], Dunwoodie (2007) [7], Bruneau (2008) [8]). Cardiac differentiation is the process whereby cells become progressively more dedicated in a trajectory through the cardiac lineage towards mature cardiomyocytes. Defects in cardiac differentiation have been linked to CHD, although how the complex control of cardiac differentiation prevents CHD is just beginning to be understood. The stages of cardiac differentiation are highly stereotyped and have been well-characterized (Kattman et al. (2011) [9], Wamstad et al. (2012) [10], Luna-Zurita et al. (2016) [11], Loh et al. (2016) [12], DeLaughter et al. (2016) [13]); however, the developmental and molecular mechanisms that promote or delay the transition of a cell through these stages have not been as deeply investigated. Tight temporal control of progenitor differentiation is critically important for normal organ size, spatial organization, and cellular physiology and homeostasis of all organ systems (Raff et al. (1985) [14], Amthor et al. (1998) [15], Kopan et al. (2014) [16]). This review will focus on the action of signaling pathways in the control of cardiomyocyte differentiation timing. Numerous signaling pathways, including the Wnt, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Hedgehog, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Insulin-like Growth Factor, Thyroid Hormone and Hippo pathways, have all been implicated in promoting or inhibiting transitions along the cardiac differentiation trajectory. Gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms controlling cardiac differentiation timing promises to yield insights into the etiology of CHD and to inform approaches to restore function to damaged hearts.
Collapse
|
30
|
Matos-Nieves A, Manivannan S, Majumdar U, McBride KL, White P, Garg V. A Multi-Omics Approach Using a Mouse Model of Cardiac Malformations for Prioritization of Human Congenital Heart Disease Contributing Genes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683074. [PMID: 34504875 PMCID: PMC8421733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect, affecting ~1% of all live births. Malformations of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) account for ~30% of all CHD and include a range of CHDs from bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) to tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We hypothesized that transcriptomic profiling of a mouse model of CHD would highlight disease-contributing genes implicated in congenital cardiac malformations in humans. To test this hypothesis, we utilized global transcriptional profiling differences from a mouse model of OFT malformations to prioritize damaging, de novo variants identified from exome sequencing datasets from published cohorts of CHD patients. Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mice display a spectrum of cardiac OFT malformations ranging from BAV, semilunar valve (SLV) stenosis to TOF. Global transcriptional profiling of the E13.5 Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mutant mouse OFTs and wildtype controls was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Analysis of the RNA-Seq dataset demonstrated genes belonging to the Hif1α, Tgf-β, Hippo, and Wnt signaling pathways were differentially expressed in the mutant OFT. Mouse to human comparative analysis was then performed to determine if patients with TOF and SLV stenosis display an increased burden of damaging, genetic variants in gene homologs that were dysregulated in Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− OFT. We found an enrichment of de novo variants in the TOF population among the 1,352 significantly differentially expressed genes in Notch1+/−; Nos3−/− mouse OFT but not the SLV population. This association was not significant when comparing only highly expressed genes in the murine OFT to de novo variants in the TOF population. These results suggest that transcriptomic datasets generated from the appropriate temporal, anatomic and cellular tissues from murine models of CHD may provide a novel approach for the prioritization of disease-contributing genes in patients with CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Matos-Nieves
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Manivannan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kim L McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peter White
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Spatiotemporal Expression of Notch1 and Numb and Their Functional Interaction during Cardiac Morphogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092192. [PMID: 34571841 PMCID: PMC8471136 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numb family proteins (NFPs), including Numb and Numblike (Numbl), are commonly known for their role as cell fate determinants for multiple types of progenitor cells, mainly due to their function as Notch inhibitors. Previous studies have shown that myocardial NFP double knockout (MDKO) hearts display an up-regulated Notch activation and various defects in cardiac progenitor cell differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. Whether enhanced Notch activation causes these defects in MDKO is not fully clear. To answer the question, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of Notch1 expression, Notch activation, and Numb expression in the murine embryonic hearts using multiple approaches including RNAScope, and Numb and Notch reporter mouse lines. To further interrogate the interaction between NFPs and Notch signaling activation, we deleted both Notch1 or RBPJk alleles in the MDKO. We examined and compared the phenotypes of Notch1 knockout, NFPs double knockout, Notch1; Numb; Numbl and RBPJk; Numb; Numbl triple knockouts. Our study showed that Notch1 is expressed and activated in the myocardium at several stages, and Numb is enriched in the epicardium and did not show the asymmetric distribution in the myocardium. Cardiac-specific Notch1 deletion causes multiple structural defects and embryonic lethality. Notch1 or RBPJk deletion in MDKO did not rescue the structural defects in the MDKO but partially rescued the defects of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis. Our study concludes that NFPs regulate progenitor cell differentiation, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and trabecular morphogenesis partially through Notch1 and play more roles than inhibiting Notch1 signaling during cardiac morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most frequent birth defect and the leading cause of death for the fetus and in the first year of life. The wide phenotypic diversity of congenital heart defects requires expert diagnosis and sophisticated repair surgery. Although these defects have been described since the seventeenth century, it was only in 2005 that a consensus international nomenclature was adopted, followed by an international classification in 2017 to help provide better management of patients. Advances in genetic engineering, imaging, and omics analyses have uncovered mechanisms of heart formation and malformation in animal models, but approximately 80% of congenital heart defects have an unknown genetic origin. Here, we summarize current knowledge of congenital structural heart defects, intertwining clinical and fundamental research perspectives, with the aim to foster interdisciplinary collaborations at the cutting edge of each field. We also discuss remaining challenges in better understanding congenital heart defects and providing benefits to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Houyel
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique et Congénitale and Centre de Référence des Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine-Institut Pasteur Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kodo K, Uchida K, Yamagishi H. Genetic and Cellular Interaction During Cardiovascular Development Implicated in Congenital Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:653244. [PMID: 33796576 PMCID: PMC8007765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.653244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common life-threatening congenital anomaly. CHD occurs due to defects in cardiovascular development, and the majority of CHDs are caused by a multifactorial inheritance mechanism, which refers to the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. During embryogenesis, the cardiovascular system is derived from at least four distinct cell lineages: the first heart field, second heart field, cardiac neural crest, and proepicardial organ. Understanding the genes involved in each lineage is essential to uncover the genomic architecture of CHD. Therefore, we provide an overview of recent research progress using animal models and mutation analyses to better understand the molecular mechanisms and pathways linking cardiovascular development and CHD. For example, we highlight our recent work on genes encoding three isoforms of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1, 2, and 3) that regulate various vital and developmental processes, which have genetic redundancy during cardiovascular development. Specifically, IP3R1 and 2 have redundant roles in the atrioventricular cushion derived from the first heart field lineage, whereas IP3R1 and 3 exhibit redundancy in the right ventricle and the outflow tract derived from the second heart field lineage, respectively. Moreover, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is highly associated with CHD involving the outflow tract, characterized by defects of the cardiac neural crest lineage. However, our studies have shown that TBX1, a major genetic determinant of 22q11DS, was not expressed in the cardiac neural crest but rather in the second heart field, suggesting the importance of the cellular interaction between the cardiac neural crest and the second heart field. Comprehensive genetic analysis using the Japanese genome bank of CHD and mouse models revealed that a molecular regulatory network involving GATA6, FOXC1/2, TBX1, SEMA3C, and FGF8 was essential for reciprocal signaling between the cardiac neural crest and the second heart field during cardiovascular development. Elucidation of the genomic architecture of CHD using induced pluripotent stem cells and next-generation sequencing technology, in addition to genetically modified animal models and human mutation analyses, would facilitate the development of regenerative medicine and/or preventive medicine for CHD in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kodo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shen M, Quertermous T, Fischbein MP, Wu JC. Generation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Methods, Applications, and Considerations. Circ Res 2021; 128:670-686. [PMID: 33818124 PMCID: PMC10817206 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been increasingly recognized as a major determinant for regional susceptibility or resistance to vascular diseases. As a human material-based complement to animal models and human primary cultures, patient induced pluripotent stem cell iPSC-derived VSMCs have been leveraged to conduct basic research and develop therapeutic applications in vascular diseases. However, iPSC-VSMCs (induced pluripotent stem cell VSMCs) derived by most existing induction protocols are heterogeneous in developmental origins. In this review, we summarize signaling networks that govern in vivo cell fate decisions and in vitro derivation of distinct VSMC progenitors, as well as key regulators that terminally specify lineage-specific VSMCs. We then highlight the significance of leveraging patient-derived iPSC-VSMCs for vascular disease modeling, drug discovery, and vascular tissue engineering and discuss several obstacles that need to be circumvented to fully unleash the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for precision vascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
De Zoysa P, Liu J, Toubat O, Choi J, Moon A, Gill PS, Duarte A, Sucov HM, Kumar SR. Delta-like ligand 4-mediated Notch signaling controls proliferation of second heart field progenitor cells by regulating Fgf8 expression. Development 2020; 147:dev185249. [PMID: 32778568 PMCID: PMC7502602 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role played by the Notch pathway in cardiac progenitor cell biology remains to be elucidated. Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), the arterial-specific Notch ligand, is expressed by second heart field (SHF) progenitors at time-points that are crucial in SHF biology. Dll4-mediated Notch signaling is required for maintaining an adequate pool of SHF progenitors, such that Dll4 knockout results in a reduction in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. A reduced SHF progenitor pool leads to an underdeveloped right ventricle (RV) and outflow tract (OFT). In its most severe form, there is severe RV hypoplasia and poorly developed OFT resulting in early embryonic lethality. In its milder form, the OFT is foreshortened and misaligned, resulting in a double outlet right ventricle. Dll4-mediated Notch signaling maintains Fgf8 expression by transcriptional regulation at the promoter level. Combined heterozygous knockout of Dll4 and Fgf8 demonstrates genetic synergy in OFT alignment. Exogenous supplemental Fgf8 rescues proliferation in Dll4 mutants in ex-vivo culture. Our results establish a novel role for Dll4-mediated Notch signaling in SHF biology. More broadly, our model provides a platform for understanding oligogenic inheritance that results in clinically relevant OFT malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashan De Zoysa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Omar Toubat
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jongkyu Choi
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger Clinic, PA 17822, USA
| | - Parkash S Gill
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Antonio Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, University of Lisbon, Department of Physiology, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang E, Yang J, Liu Y, Hong N, Xie H, Fu Q, Li F, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. MESP2 variants contribute to conotruncal heart defects by inhibiting cardiac neural crest cell proliferation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1035-1048. [PMID: 32572506 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are closely related to defective outflow tract (OFT) development, in which cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) play an indispensable role. However, the genetic etiology of CTDs remains unclear. Mesoderm posterior 2 (MESP2) is an important transcription factor regulating early cardiogenesis. Nevertheless, MESP2 variants have not been reported in congenital heart defect (CHD) patients. We first identified four MESP2 variants in 601 sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients that were not detected in 400 healthy controls using targeted sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays revealed MESP2 expression in the OFT of Carnegie stage (CS) 11, CS13, and CS15 human embryos and embryonic day (E) 8.5, E10, and E11.5 mouse embryos. Functional analyses in HEK 293T cells, HL-1 cells, JoMa1 cells, and primary mouse CNCCs revealed that MESP2 directly regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factors. Three MESP2 variants, c.346G>C (p.G116R), c.921C>G (p.Y307X), and c.59A>T (p.Q20L), altered the transcriptional activities of MYOCD, GATA4, NKX2.5, and CFC1 and inhibited CNCC proliferation by upregulating p21cip1 or downregulating Cdk4. Based on our findings, MESP2 variants disrupted MESP2 function by interfering with CNCC proliferation during OFT development, which may contribute to CTDs. KEY MESSAGES: This study first analyzed MESP2 variants identified in sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients. MESP2 is expressed in the OFT of different stages of human and mouse embryos. MESP2 regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factor p21cip1 or Cdk4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
MiR-195 enhances cardiomyogenic differentiation of the proepicardium/septum transversum by Smurf1 and Foxp1 modulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9334. [PMID: 32518241 PMCID: PMC7283354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is a complex developmental process in which multiple cell lineages are involved, namely the deployment of first and second heart fields. Beside the contribution of these cardiogenic fields, extracardiac inputs to the developing heart are provided by the migrating cardiac neural crest cells and the proepicardial derived cells. The proepicardium (PE) is a transitory cauliflower-like structure located between the cardiac and hepatic primordia. The PE is constituted by an internal mesenchymal component surrounded by an external epithelial lining. With development, cells derived from the proepicardium migrate to the neighboring embryonic heart and progressive cover the most external surface, leading to the formation of the embryonic epicardium. Experimental evidence in chicken have nicely demonstrated that epicardial derived cells can distinctly contribute to fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, isolation of the developing PE anlage and ex vivo culturing spontaneously lead to differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes, a process that is enhanced by Bmp but halted by Fgf administration. In this study we provide a comprehensive characterization of the developmental expression profile of multiple microRNAs during epicardial development in chicken. Subsequently, we identified that miR-125, miR-146, miR-195 and miR-223 selectively enhance cardiomyogenesis both in the PE/ST explants as well as in the embryonic epicardium, a Smurf1- and Foxp1-driven process. In addition we identified three novel long non-coding RNAs with enhanced expression in the PE/ST, that are complementary regulated by Bmp and Fgf administration and well as by microRNAs that selectively promote cardiomyogenesis, supporting a pivotal role of these long non coding RNAs in microRNA-mediated cardiomyogenesis of the PE/ST cells.
Collapse
|
39
|
Clark CD, Lee KH. Second heart field-specific expression of Nkx2-5 requires promoter proximal interaction with Srf. Mech Dev 2020; 162:103615. [PMID: 32450132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac homeobox transcription factor Nkx2-5 is a major determinant of cardiac identity and cardiac morphogenesis. Nkx2-5 operates as part of a complex and mutually reinforcing network of early transcription factors of the homeobox, GATA zinc finger and MADS domain families to initiate the program of cardiac development and differentiation, particularly in outflow tract precursor cells in the second heart field (SHF). We have now found evidence for another aspect of cardiac transcription factor cooperativity between Nkx2-5 and the cardiac enriched MADS domain transcription factor Srf. Specifically, Srf interaction with an evolutionarily conserved binding site in the Nkx2-5 CpG island-like proximal promoter is required for cardiac specific expression mediated by an SHF enhancer, and for combinatorial activation of these elements by cardiac transcription factors. These results provide further insight into cooperative gene regulation during cardiogenesis at the level of promoter-enhancer interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute and Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute and Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Cdc42 activation by endothelin regulates neural crest cell migration in the cardiac outflow tract. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:795-812. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
42
|
Ki S, Kwon SH, Eum J, Raslan AA, Kim KN, Hwang BJ, Kee Y. 3D light-sheet assay assessing novel valproate-associated cardiotoxicity and folic acid relief in zebrafish embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:551-560. [PMID: 31004822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precise in vivo toxicological assays to determine the cardiotoxicity of pharmaceuticals and their waste products are essential in order to evaluate their risks to humans and the environment following industrial release. In the present study, we aimed to develop the sensitive imaging-based cardiotoxicity assay and combined 3D light-sheet microscopy with a zebrafish model to identify hidden cardiovascular anomalies induced by valproic acid (VPA) exposure. The zebrafish model is advantageous for this assessment because its embryos remain transparent. The 3D spatial localization of fluorescence-labeled cardiac cells in and around the heart using light-sheet technology revealed dislocalization of the heart from the outflow tract in two-day-old zebrafish embryos treated with 50 μM and 100 μM VPA (P < 0.01) and those embryos exposed to 20 μM VPA presented hypoplastic distal ventricles (P < 0.01). These two observed phenotypes are second heart field-derived cardiac defects. Quantitative analysis of the light-sheet imaging demonstrated that folic acid (FA) supplementation significantly increased the numbers of endocardial and myocardial cells (P < 0.05) and the accretion of second heart field-derived cardiomyocytes to the arterial pole of the outflow tract. The heart rate increased in response to the cellular changes occurring in embryonic heart development (P < 0.05). The present study disclosed the cellular mechanism underlying the role of FA in spontaneous cellular changes in cardiogenesis and in VPA-associated cardiotoxicity. The 3D light-sheet assay may be the next-generation test to evaluate the risks of previously undetected pharmaceutical and environmental cardiotoxicities in both humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Ki
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Juneyong Eum
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Yun Kee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The vertebrate heart tube forms from epithelial progenitor cells in the early embryo and subsequently elongates by progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells from adjacent splanchnic mesoderm. Failure to maximally elongate the heart results in a spectrum of morphological defects affecting the cardiac poles, including outflow tract alignment and atrioventricular septal defects, among the most common congenital birth anomalies. SHF cells constitute an atypical apicobasally polarized epithelium with dynamic basal filopodia, located in the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epithelial architecture and cell adhesion in the SHF, particularly for signaling events that control the progenitor cell niche during heart tube elongation. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome gene Tbx1 regulates progenitor cell status through modulating cell shape and filopodial activity and is required for SHF contributions to both cardiac poles. Noncanonical Wnt signaling and planar cell polarity pathway genes control epithelial polarity in the dorsal pericardial wall, as progenitor cells differentiate in a transition zone at the arterial pole. Defects in these pathways lead to outflow tract shortening. Moreover, new biomechanical models of heart tube elongation have been proposed based on analysis of tissue-wide forces driving epithelial morphogenesis in the SHF, including regional cell intercalation, cell cohesion, and epithelial tension. Regulation of the epithelial properties of SHF cells is thus emerging as a key step during heart tube elongation, adding a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both heart morphogenesis and congenital heart defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cortes
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Francou
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Christopher De Bono
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Y, Lv Z, He L, Huang X, Zhang S, Zhao H, Pu W, Li Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu K, Tang J, Tian X, Wang QD, Lui KO, Zhou B. Genetic Tracing Identifies Early Segregation of the Cardiomyocyte and Nonmyocyte Lineages. Circ Res 2019; 125:343-355. [PMID: 31185811 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The developing heart is composed of cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes since the early stage. It is generally believed that noncardiomyocytes including the cardiac progenitors contribute to new cardiomyocytes of the looping heart. However, it remains unclear what the cellular dynamics of nonmyocyte to cardiomyocyte conversion are and when the lineage segregation occurs during development. It also remains unknown whether nonmyocyte to cardiomyocyte conversion contributes to neonatal heart regeneration. OBJECTIVE We quantify the lineage conversion of noncardiomyocytes to cardiomyocytes in the embryonic and neonatal hearts and determine when the 2 cell lineages segregate during heart development. Moreover, we directly test if nonmyocyte to cardiomyocyte conversion contributes to neonatal heart regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a dual genetic lineage tracing strategy in which cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes of the developing heart could be simultaneously labeled by 2 orthogonal recombination systems. Genetic fate mapping showed that nonmyocyte to cardiomyocyte conversion peaks at E8.0 (embryonic day) to E8.5 and gradually declines at E9.5 and E10.5. Noncardiomyocytes do not generate any cardiomyocyte at and beyond E11.5 to E12.5. In the neonatal heart, noncardiomyocytes also do not contribute to any new cardiomyocyte in homeostasis or after injury. CONCLUSIONS Noncardiomyocytes contribute to new cardiomyocytes of the developing heart at early embryonic stage before E11.5. The noncardiomyocyte and cardiomyocyte lineage segregation occurs between E10.5 and E11.5, which is maintained afterward even during neonatal heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Zan Lv
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Lingjuan He
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Huan Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Pu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Yi Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Wei Yu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Libo Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Kuo Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.).,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (K.L., B.Z.)
| | - Juan Tang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.)
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (X.T., B.Z.)
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Early Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (Q.-D.W.)
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Yan Li, Z.L., L.H., X.H., S.Z., H.Z., W.P., Yi Li, W.Y., L.Z., X.L., K.L., J.T., B.Z.).,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (K.L., B.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (X.T., B.Z.).,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China (B.Z.).,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Minor alleles of genetic variants in second heart field increase the risk of hypoplastic right heart syndrome. J Genet 2019. [PMID: 31204705 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
46
|
Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23300. [PMID: 31021052 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart develops from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Cardiogenesis involves successive steps, including formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac looping, septation, chamber development, coronary vascularization, and completion of the four-chambered heart. RA is dispensable for primitive heart tube formation. Before looping, RA is required to define the anterior/posterior boundaries of the heart-forming mesoderm as well as to form the atrium and sinus venosus. In outflow tract elongation and septation, RA signaling is required to maintain/differentiate cardiogenic progenitors in the second heart field at the posterior pharyngeal arches level. Epicardium-secreted insulin-like growth factor, the expression of which is regulated by hepatic mesoderm-derived erythropoietin under the control of RA, promotes myocardial proliferation of the ventricular wall. Epicardium-derived RA induces the expression of angiogenic factors in the myocardium to form the coronary vasculature. In cardiogenic events at different stages, properly controlled RA signaling is required to establish the functional heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang E, Nie Y, Fan X, Zheng Z, Hu S. Intronic Polymorphisms in Gene of Second Heart Field as Risk Factors for Human Congenital Heart Disease in a Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:521-531. [PMID: 31013439 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factors and signaling factors in the second heart field (SHF) contribute to cardiac development. However, the associations of intronic gene variants in the SHF with congenital heart disease (CHD) remain ununderstood. Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from our previous sequencing data were selected and then genotyped in 383 CHD patients and 384 healthy controls in a Chinese population. Genotype analyses revealed that minor alleles in TBX1: rs12165908 C > G [odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.87-3.73, p = 3.03 × 10-8] and GATA6: rs143085291 C > T (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.18-5.29, p = 0.01) increased CHD risk significantly. Meanwhile, FGF10: rs78454549 T > C and GATA4: rs13275657 A>G polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of simple CHDs. The minor allele C in GATA4: rs17153694 T > C increased the risk of tetralogy of Fallot, whereas minor alleles in TBX1: rs41298006 G>A, FGF10: rs75629618 C>T, FGF10: rs10461755 G>A, FGF10: rs75632187 A>G, and FGF10: rs12518964 G > A were associated with increased risk of single ventricle. The minor allele T in rs143085291 in GATA6 enhancer decreased the transcription level in luciferase assay. Our findings suggest that intronic SNPs in transcriptional factors and signaling factors in the SHF are significantly associated with increased risk of different CHD types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enshi Wang
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Nie
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Fan
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- 1 Center for Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Foote AG, Wang Z, Kendziorski C, Thibeault SL. Tissue specific human fibroblast differential expression based on RNAsequencing analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:308. [PMID: 31014251 PMCID: PMC6480701 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical forces, such as mechanical stress, are essential for tissue homeostasis and influence gene expression of cells. In particular, the fibroblast has demonstrated sensitivity to extracellular matrices with assumed adaptation upon various mechanical loads. The purpose of this study was to compare the vocal fold fibroblast genotype, known for its unique mechanically stressful tissue environment, with cellular counterparts at various other anatomic locales to identify differences in functional gene expression profiles. Results By using RNA-seq technology, we identified differentially expressed gene programs (DEseq2) among seven normal human fibroblast primary cell lines from healthy cadavers, which included: vocal fold, trachea, lung, abdomen, scalp, upper gingiva, and soft palate. Unsupervised gene expression analysis yielded 6216 genes differentially expressed across all anatomic sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed grouping based on anatomic site origin rather than donor, suggesting global fibroblast phenotype heterogeneity. Sex and age-related effects were negligible. Functional enrichment analyses based on separate post-hoc 2-group comparisons revealed several functional themes within the vocal fold fibroblast related to transcription factors for signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and extracellular matrix components such as cell signaling, migration, proliferation, and differentiation potential. Conclusions Human fibroblasts display a phenomenon of global topographic differentiation, which is maintained in isolation via in vitro assays. Epigenetic mechanical influences on vocal fold tissue may play a role in uniquely modelling and maintaining the local environmental cellular niche during homeostasis with vocal fold fibroblasts distinctly specialized related to their anatomic positional and developmental origins established during embryogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5682-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Foote
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, College of Letters and Science, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Courchaine K, Gray MJ, Beel K, Thornburg K, Rugonyi S. 4-D Computational Modeling of Cardiac Outflow Tract Hemodynamics over Looping Developmental Stages in Chicken Embryos. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:E11. [PMID: 30818869 PMCID: PMC6463052 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenesis is interdependent with blood flow within the embryonic system. Recently, a number of studies have begun to elucidate the effects of hemodynamic forces acting upon and within cells as the cardiovascular system begins to develop. Changes in flow are picked up by mechanosensors in endocardial cells exposed to wall shear stress (the tangential force exerted by blood flow) and by myocardial and mesenchymal cells exposed to cyclic strain (deformation). Mechanosensors stimulate a variety of mechanotransduction pathways which elicit functional cellular responses in order to coordinate the structural development of the heart and cardiovascular system. The looping stages of heart development are critical to normal cardiac morphogenesis and have previously been shown to be extremely sensitive to experimental perturbations in flow, with transient exposure to altered flow dynamics causing severe late stage cardiac defects in animal models. This paper seeks to expand on past research and to begin establishing a detailed baseline for normal hemodynamic conditions in the chick outflow tract during these critical looping stages. Specifically, we will use 4-D (3-D over time) optical coherence tomography to create in vivo geometries for computational fluid dynamics simulations of the cardiac cycle, enabling us to study in great detail 4-D velocity patterns and heterogeneous wall shear stress distributions on the outflow tract endocardium. This information will be useful in determining the normal variation of hemodynamic patterns as well as in mapping hemodynamics to developmental processes such as morphological changes and signaling events during and after the looping stages examined here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Courchaine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - MacKenzie J Gray
- School of Public Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97035, USA.
| | | | - Kent Thornburg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lazzarini R, Gómez-Quiroz LE, González-Márquez H, Villavicencio-Guzmán L, Salazar-García M, Sánchez-Gómez C. The proximal segment of the embryonic outflow (conus) does not participate in aortic vestibule development. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209930. [PMID: 30596770 PMCID: PMC6312233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no consensus on the embryonic components or morphogenetic processes involved in mature ventricular outflow tract development. Our goal was to use in vivo labelling to investigate the prospective fate of the myocardium of each conal wall. The conal and atrioventricular cushion mesenchyme changes during transformation into mature structures and their role in apoptosis were also investigated. METHODS Plastic labels were placed at the cephalic and caudal conal limits of chicken embryo hearts (stage 22HH) and traced up to stage 36HH. Histological analyses, scanning electron microscopy and apoptotic detection using Lysotracker-Red were performed. The conal longitudinal length and medial displacement were registered. Muscle myosin was identified by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Labels positioned in the myocardium of each conal wall moved to the right ventricle (RV), shifting from the arterial subvalvular myocardial zone to the apex. No labels were found in the aortic vestibule. At stage 22HH, the conus was a tubular structure composed of myocardium and endocardium with scarce mesenchyme. The dorso-left conal myocardial wall gradually lost continuity and the free ends separated, while the myocardium was distributed to the RV free wall (24HH-28HH). At stage 22HH, conal crests were not observed, but they were apparent at the dorsal zone of the conus at stage 26HH; towards stage 30HH, they fused to form the supraventricular crest, and the pulmonary infundibulum was evident. The ventro-superior cushion of the AV canal was reorganized into the fibrous and muscular structures lined the aortic vestibule. CONCLUSIONS The posterior conus is an erroneous concept. The conal myocardium is reorganized in the free wall of the RV. Internally, the conal lumen is transformed into the pulmonary infundibulum. The aortic vestibule is formed from the ventro-superior cushion of the AV canal. Thus, the ventricular outflow tracts have different embryonic origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lazzarini
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Enrique Gómez-Quiroz
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Humberto González-Márquez
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Villavicencio-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|