1
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Oikonomou P, Calvary L, Cirne HC, Welch AE, Durel JF, Powell O, Nerurkar NL. Application of tissue-scale tension to avian epithelia in vivo to study multiscale mechanical properties and inter-germ layer coupling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588089. [PMID: 38617324 PMCID: PMC11014599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
As cross-disciplinary approaches drawing from physics and mechanics have increasingly influenced our understanding of morphogenesis, the tools available to measure and perturb physical aspects of embryonic development have expanded as well. However, it remains a challenge to measure mechanical properties and apply exogenous tissue-scale forces in vivo, particularly for epithelia. Exploiting the size and accessibility of the developing chick embryo, here we describe a simple technique to quantitatively apply exogenous forces on the order of ~1-100 μN to the endodermal epithelium. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we performed a series of proof-of-concept experiments that reveal fundamental and unexpected mechanical behaviors in the early chick embryo, including mechanotype heterogeneity among cells of the midgut endoderm, complex non-cell autonomous effects of actin disruption, and a high degree of mechanical coupling between the endoderm and adjacent paraxial mesoderm. To illustrate the broader utility of this method, we determined that forces on the order of ~ 10 μN are sufficient to unzip the neural tube during primary neurulation. Together, these findings provide basic insights into the mechanics of embryonic epithelia in vivo in the early avian embryo, and provide a useful tool for future investigations of how morphogenesis is influenced by mechanical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Calvary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Helena C. Cirne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Andreas E. Welch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - John F. Durel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Olivia Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Nandan L. Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
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2
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Tran NV, Montanari MP, Gui J, Lubenets D, Fischbach LL, Antson H, Huang Y, Brutus E, Okada Y, Ishimoto Y, Tõnissoo T, Shimmi O. Programmed disassembly of a microtubule-based membrane protrusion network coordinates 3D epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2024; 43:568-594. [PMID: 38263333 PMCID: PMC10897427 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of cellular dynamics during the process of morphogenesis is fundamental to understanding the principles of animal development. Despite recent advancements in light microscopy, how successive cell shape changes lead to complex three-dimensional tissue morphogenesis is still largely unresolved. Using in vivo live imaging of Drosophila wing development, we have studied unique cellular structures comprising a microtubule-based membrane protrusion network. This network, which we name here the Interplanar Amida Network (IPAN), links the two wing epithelium leaflets. Initially, the IPAN sustains cell-cell contacts between the two layers of the wing epithelium through basal protrusions. Subsequent disassembly of the IPAN involves loss of these contacts, with concomitant degeneration of aligned microtubules. These processes are both autonomously and non-autonomously required for mitosis, leading to coordinated tissue proliferation between two wing epithelia. Our findings further reveal that a microtubule organization switch from non-centrosomal to centrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) at the G2/M transition leads to disassembly of non-centrosomal microtubule-derived IPAN protrusions. These findings exemplify how cell shape change-mediated loss of inter-tissue contacts results in 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Vi Tran
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martti P Montanari
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinghua Gui
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitri Lubenets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Hanna Antson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yunxian Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erich Brutus
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Ishimoto
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 015-0055, Japan
| | - Tambet Tõnissoo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Osamu Shimmi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Abboud Asleh M, Zaher M, Asleh J, Jadon J, Shaulov L, Yelin R, Schultheiss TM. A morphogenetic wave in the chick embryo lateral mesoderm generates mesenchymal-epithelial transition through a 3D-rosette intermediate. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00133-8. [PMID: 37080204 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of epithelia through mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is essential for embryonic development and for many physiological and pathological processes. This study investigates MET in vivo in the chick embryo lateral mesoderm, where a multilayered mesenchyme transforms into two parallel epithelial sheets that constitute the coelomic lining of the embryonic body cavity. Prior to MET initiation, mesenchymal cells exhibit non-polarized distribution of multiple polarity markers, albeit not aPKC. We identified an epithelializing wave that sweeps across the lateral mesoderm, the wavefront of which is characterized by the accumulation of basal fibronectin and a network of 3D rosettes composed of polarized, wedge-shaped cells surrounding a central focus of apical markers, now including aPKC. Initiation of the MET process is dependent on extracellular matrix-integrin signaling acting through focal adhesion kinase and talin, whereas progression through the rosette phase requires aPKC function. We present a stepwise model for MET, comprising polarization, 3D-rosette, and epithelialization stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Abboud Asleh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mira Zaher
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Jad Asleh
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Julian Jadon
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lihi Shaulov
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ronit Yelin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Thomas M Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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4
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Peuhu E, Jacquemet G, Scheele CL, Isomursu A, Laisne MC, Koskinen LM, Paatero I, Thol K, Georgiadou M, Guzmán C, Koskinen S, Laiho A, Elo LL, Boström P, Hartiala P, van Rheenen J, Ivaska J. MYO10-filopodia support basement membranes at pre-invasive tumor boundaries. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2350-2364.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Gomes de Almeida P, Rifes P, Martins-Jesus AP, Pinheiro GG, Andrade RP, Thorsteinsdóttir S. Cell–Fibronectin Interactions and Actomyosin Contractility Regulate the Segmentation Clock and Spatio-Temporal Somite Cleft Formation during Chick Embryo Somitogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132003. [PMID: 35805087 PMCID: PMC9266262 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is essential for somite formation in the vertebrate embryo. Fibronectin matrix assembly starts as cells emerge from the primitive streak and ingress in the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM). PSM cells undergo cyclic waves of segmentation clock gene expression, followed by Notch-dependent upregulation of meso1 in the rostral PSM which induces somite cleft formation. However, the relevance of the fibronectin matrix for these molecular processes remains unknown. Here, we assessed the role of the PSM fibronectin matrix in the spatio-temporal regulation of chick embryo somitogenesis by perturbing (1) extracellular fibronectin matrix assembly, (2) integrin–fibronectin binding, (3) Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) activity and (4) non-muscle myosin II (NM II) function. We found that integrin–fibronectin engagement and NM II activity are required for cell polarization in the nascent somite. All treatments resulted in defective somitic clefts and significantly perturbed meso1 and segmentation clock gene expression in the PSM. Importantly, inhibition of actomyosin-mediated contractility increased the period of hairy1/hes4 oscillations from 90 to 120 min. Together, our work strongly suggests that the fibronectin–integrin–ROCK–NM II axis regulates segmentation clock dynamics and dictates the spatio-temporal localization of somitic clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Gomes de Almeida
- cE3c—CHANGE, Departmento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (G.G.P.)
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.P.M.-J.); (R.P.A.)
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas (FMCB), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rifes
- cE3c—CHANGE, Departmento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (G.G.P.)
| | - Ana P. Martins-Jesus
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.P.M.-J.); (R.P.A.)
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas (FMCB), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo G. Pinheiro
- cE3c—CHANGE, Departmento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (G.G.P.)
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.P.M.-J.); (R.P.A.)
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas (FMCB), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel P. Andrade
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (A.P.M.-J.); (R.P.A.)
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas (FMCB), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir
- cE3c—CHANGE, Departmento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.G.d.A.); (P.R.); (G.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Weakening of resistance force by cell-ECM interactions regulate cell migration directionality and pattern formation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:808. [PMID: 34183779 PMCID: PMC8239002 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of epithelial cells is a fundamental process in multicellular pattern formation. As they expand their territory, cells are exposed to various physical forces generated by cell-cell interactions and the surrounding microenvironment. While the physical stress applied by neighbouring cells has been well studied, little is known about how the niches that surround cells are spatio-temporally remodelled to regulate collective cell migration and pattern formation. Here, we analysed how the spatio-temporally remodelled extracellular matrix (ECM) alters the resistance force exerted on cells so that the cells can expand their territory. Multiple microfabrication techniques, optical tweezers, as well as mathematical models were employed to prove the simultaneous construction and breakage of ECM during cellular movement, and to show that this modification of the surrounding environment can guide cellular movement. Furthermore, by artificially remodelling the microenvironment, we showed that the directionality of collective cell migration, as well as the three-dimensional branch pattern formation of lung epithelial cells, can be controlled. Our results thus confirm that active remodelling of cellular microenvironment modulates the physical forces exerted on cells by the ECM, which contributes to the directionality of collective cell migration and consequently, pattern formation.
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7
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Fibronectin in development and wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:353-368. [PMID: 32961203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin structure and composition regulate contextual cell signaling. Recent advances have been made in understanding fibronectin and its role in tissue organization and repair. This review outlines fibronectin splice variants and their functions, evaluates potential therapeutic strategies targeting or utilizing fibronectin, and concludes by discussing potential future directions to modulate fibronectin function in development and wound healing.
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8
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Marrese M, Antonovaité N, Nelemans BKA, Ahmadzada A, Iannuzzi D, Smit TH. In vivo characterization of chick embryo mesoderm by optical coherence tomography-assisted microindentation. FASEB J 2020; 34:12269-12277. [PMID: 33411409 PMCID: PMC7497264 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000896r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryos are growing organisms with highly heterogeneous properties in space and time. Understanding the mechanical properties is a crucial prerequisite for the investigation of morphogenesis. During the last 10 years, new techniques have been developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of biological tissues in vivo. To address this need, we employed a new instrument that, via the combination of micro‐indentation with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), allows us to determine both, the spatial distribution of mechanical properties of chick embryos, and the structural changes in real‐time. We report here the stiffness measurements on the live chicken embryo, from the mesenchymal tailbud to the epithelialized somites. The storage modulus of the mesoderm increases from (176 ± 18) Pa in the tail to (716 ± 117) Pa in the somitic region (mean ± SEM, n = 12). The midline has a mean storage modulus of (947 ± 111) Pa in the caudal (PSM) presomitic mesoderm (mean ± SEM, n = 12), indicating a stiff rod along the body axis, which thereby mechanically supports the surrounding tissue. The difference in stiffness between midline and presomitic mesoderm decreases as the mesoderm forms somites. This study provides an efficient method for the biomechanical characterization of soft biological tissues in vivo and shows that the mechanical properties strongly relate to different morphological features of the investigated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Marrese
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laser LaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelda Antonovaité
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laser LaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben K A Nelemans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ariana Ahmadzada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laser LaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Iannuzzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laser LaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodoor H Smit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Kyykallio H, Oikari S, Bueno Álvez M, Gallardo Dodd CJ, Capra J, Rilla K. The Density and Length of Filopodia Associate with the Activity of Hyaluronan Synthesis in Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071908. [PMID: 32679746 PMCID: PMC7409202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are multifunctional finger-like plasma membrane protrusions with bundles of actin filaments that exist in virtually all cell types. It has been known for some time that hyaluronan synthesis activity induces filopodial growth. However, because of technical challenges in the studies of these slender and fragile structures, no quantitative analyses have been performed so far to indicate their association with hyaluronan synthesis. In this work we comprehensively address the direct quantification of filopodial traits, covering for the first time length and density measurements in a series of human cancer cell lines with variable levels of hyaluronan synthesis. The synthesis and plasma membrane binding of hyaluronan were manipulated with hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) and hyaluronan receptor CD44 overexpression, and treatments with mannose, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), and glucosamine. The results of this work show that the growth of filopodia was associated with the levels of hyaluronan synthesis but was not dependent on CD44 expression. The results confirm the hypothesis that abundance and length of filopodia in cancer cells is associated with the activity of hyaluronan synthesis.
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10
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Morris KM, Hindle MM, Boitard S, Burt DW, Danner AF, Eory L, Forrest HL, Gourichon D, Gros J, Hillier LW, Jaffredo T, Khoury H, Lansford R, Leterrier C, Loudon A, Mason AS, Meddle SL, Minvielle F, Minx P, Pitel F, Seiler JP, Shimmura T, Tomlinson C, Vignal A, Webster RG, Yoshimura T, Warren WC, Smith J. The quail genome: insights into social behaviour, seasonal biology and infectious disease response. BMC Biol 2020; 18:14. [PMID: 32050986 PMCID: PMC7017630 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a popular domestic poultry species and an increasingly significant model species in avian developmental, behavioural and disease research. RESULTS We have produced a high-quality quail genome sequence, spanning 0.93 Gb assigned to 33 chromosomes. In terms of contiguity, assembly statistics, gene content and chromosomal organisation, the quail genome shows high similarity to the chicken genome. We demonstrate the utility of this genome through three diverse applications. First, we identify selection signatures and candidate genes associated with social behaviour in the quail genome, an important agricultural and domestication trait. Second, we investigate the effects and interaction of photoperiod and temperature on the transcriptome of the quail medial basal hypothalamus, revealing key mechanisms of photoperiodism. Finally, we investigate the response of quail to H5N1 influenza infection. In quail lung, many critical immune genes and pathways were downregulated after H5N1 infection, and this may be key to the susceptibility of quail to H5N1. CONCLUSIONS We have produced a high-quality genome of the quail which will facilitate further studies into diverse research questions using the quail as a model avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Morris
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Matthew M Hindle
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Simon Boitard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - David W Burt
- The John Hay Building, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, QLD, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Angela F Danner
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Lel Eory
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Heather L Forrest
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Gourichon
- PEAT Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, Centre de recherche Val de Loire, INRAE, 1295, Nouzilly, UE, France
| | - Jerome Gros
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Cedex 15, Paris, France
- CNRS URA3738, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - LaDeana W Hillier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Thierry Jaffredo
- CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, IBPS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hanane Khoury
- CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Université, IBPS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Christine Leterrier
- UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, INRAE, Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, Centre, France
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.001, A.V. Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S Mason
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Simone L Meddle
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Francis Minvielle
- GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrick Minx
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Frédérique Pitel
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - J Patrick Seiler
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimmura
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Alain Vignal
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Robert G Webster
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wesley C Warren
- Department of Animal Sciences, Department of Surgery, Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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11
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Schlueter J, Mikawa T. Body Cavity Development Is Guided by Morphogen Transfer between Germ Layers. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1456-1463. [PMID: 30089257 PMCID: PMC6162999 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The body cavity is a space where internal organs develop and are placed. Despite the importance of this internal space, how the body cavity forms specifically within the mesoderm remains largely unknown. Here, we report that upon the onset of dorsal mesodermal cell polarization and initial lumen formation, mesodermal cells form filamentous projections that are directed toward the ectoderm. This cell behavior enables the dorsal population of mesodermal cells to receive BMP7 that is expressed by the ectoderm. Suppression of ectodermal BMP7 diminishes mesodermal cell projection and results in the loss of body cavity development. The data reveal that body cavity induction depends on signaling factor transfer from ectoderm to mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schlueter
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Takashi Mikawa
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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12
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Phillips RA, Kraev I, Lange S. Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E15. [PMID: 31936359 PMCID: PMC7168935 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic seabirds are amongst the most threatened of all avian groups. They face a range of immunological challenges which seem destined to increase due to environmental changes in their breeding and foraging habitats, affecting prey resources and exposure to pollution and pathogens. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for the assessment of their health status is of considerable importance. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins in an irreversible manner. PAD-mediated deimination can cause structural and functional changes in target proteins, allowing for protein moonlighting in physiological and pathophysiological processes. PADs furthermore contribute to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which play important roles in cellular communication. In the present study, post-translationally deiminated protein and EV profiles of plasma were assessed in eight seabird species from the Antarctic, representing two avian orders: Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels) and Charadriiformes (waders, auks, gulls and skuas). We report some differences between the species assessed, with the narrowest EV profiles of 50-200 nm in the northern giant petrel Macronectes halli, and the highest abundance of larger 250-500 nm EVs in the brown skua Stercorarius antarcticus. The seabird EVs were positive for phylogenetically conserved EV markers and showed characteristic EV morphology. Post-translational deimination was identified in a range of key plasma proteins critical for immune response and metabolic pathways in three of the bird species under study; the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, south polar skua Stercorarius maccormicki and northern giant petrel. Some differences in Gene Ontology (GO) biological and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins were observed between these three species. This indicates that target proteins for deimination may differ, potentially contributing to a range of physiological functions relating to metabolism and immune response, as well as to key defence mechanisms. PAD protein homologues were identified in the seabird plasma by Western blotting via cross-reaction with human PAD antibodies, at an expected 75 kDa size. This is the first study to profile EVs and to identify deiminated proteins as putative novel plasma biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds. These biomarkers may be further refined to become useful indicators of physiological and immunological status in seabirds-many of which are globally threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK;
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
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13
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Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are structurally and compositionally diverse networks of collagenous and noncollagenous glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and associated molecules that together comprise the metazoan matrisome. Proper deposition and assembly of ECM is of profound importance to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and the morphogenesis of tissues and organ systems that define sequential steps in the development of all animals. Importantly, it is now clear that the instructive influence of a particular ECM at various points in development reflects more than a simple summing of component parts; cellular responses also reflect the dynamic assembly and changing topology of embryonic ECM, which in turn affect its biomechanical properties. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how biophysical features attributed to ECM, such as stiffness and viscoelasticity, play important roles in the sculpting of embryonic tissues and the regulation of cell fates. Forces generated within cells and tissues are transmitted both through integrin-based adhesions to ECM, and through cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions; the resulting short- and long-range deformations of embryonic tissues drive morphogenesis. This coordinate regulation of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesive machinery has emerged as a common theme in a variety of developmental processes. In this review we consider select examples in the embryo where ECM is implicated in setting up tissue barriers and boundaries, in resisting pushing or pulling forces, or in constraining or promoting cell and tissue movement. We reflect on how each of these processes contribute to morphogenesis.
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14
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Abstract
The vertebrate heart tube forms from epithelial progenitor cells in the early embryo and subsequently elongates by progressive addition of second heart field (SHF) progenitor cells from adjacent splanchnic mesoderm. Failure to maximally elongate the heart results in a spectrum of morphological defects affecting the cardiac poles, including outflow tract alignment and atrioventricular septal defects, among the most common congenital birth anomalies. SHF cells constitute an atypical apicobasally polarized epithelium with dynamic basal filopodia, located in the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epithelial architecture and cell adhesion in the SHF, particularly for signaling events that control the progenitor cell niche during heart tube elongation. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome gene Tbx1 regulates progenitor cell status through modulating cell shape and filopodial activity and is required for SHF contributions to both cardiac poles. Noncanonical Wnt signaling and planar cell polarity pathway genes control epithelial polarity in the dorsal pericardial wall, as progenitor cells differentiate in a transition zone at the arterial pole. Defects in these pathways lead to outflow tract shortening. Moreover, new biomechanical models of heart tube elongation have been proposed based on analysis of tissue-wide forces driving epithelial morphogenesis in the SHF, including regional cell intercalation, cell cohesion, and epithelial tension. Regulation of the epithelial properties of SHF cells is thus emerging as a key step during heart tube elongation, adding a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both heart morphogenesis and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cortes
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Francou
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Christopher De Bono
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France
| | - Robert G Kelly
- From Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, France.
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15
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Huss DJ, Saias S, Hamamah S, Singh JM, Wang J, Dave M, Kim J, Eberwine J, Lansford R. Avian Primordial Germ Cells Contribute to and Interact With the Extracellular Matrix During Early Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:35. [PMID: 30984757 PMCID: PMC6447691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During early avian development, primordial germ cells (PGC) are highly migratory, moving from the central area pellucida of the blastoderm to the anterior extra-embryonic germinal crescent. The PGCs soon move into the forming blood vessels by intravasation and travel in the circulatory system to the genital ridges where they participate in the organogenesis of the gonads. This complex cellular migration takes place in close association with a nascent extracellular matrix that matures in a precise spatio-temporal pattern. We first compiled a list of quail matrisome genes by bioinformatic screening of human matrisome orthologs. Next, we used single cell RNA-seq analysis (scRNAseq) to determine that PGCs express numerous ECM and ECM-associated genes in early embryos. The expression of select ECM transcripts and proteins in PGCs were verified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence (IF). Live imaging of transgenic quail embryos injected with fluorescent antibodies against fibronectin and laminin, showed that germinal crescent PGCs display rapid shape changes and morphological properties such as blebbing and filopodia while surrounded by, or in close contact with, an ECM fibril meshwork that is itself in constant motion. Injection of anti-β1 integrin CSAT antibodies resulted in a reduction of mature fibronectin and laminin fibril meshwork in the germinal crescent at HH4-5 but did not alter the active motility of the PGCs or their ability to populate the germinal crescent. These results suggest that integrin β1 receptors are important, but not required, for PGCs to successfully migrate during embryonic development, but instead play a vital role in ECM fibrillogenesis and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Huss
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Saias
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohit Dave
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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16
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Abstract
Filopodia are fingerlike membrane protrusions that are extended by cells in vitro and in vivo. Due to important roles in sensing the extracellular microenvironment, filopodia and filopodia-like protrusions have been implicated in numerous biological processes including epithelial sheet zippering in development and wound healing and in cancer progression. Recently, there has been an explosion in the number of software available to analyze specific features of cell protrusions with the aim of gaining mechanistic insights into the action of filopodia and filopodia-like structures. In this methods chapter, we highlight an open-access software called FiloQuant that has been developed to specifically quantify the length, density, and dynamics of filopodia and filopodia-like structures from in vitro and in vivo generated samples. We provide step-by-step protocols on (i) how to install FiloQuant in the ImageJ platform (Fiji), (ii) how to quantify filopodia and filopodia-like protrusions from single images using FiloQuant, and (iii) how to track filopodial protrusions from live-cell imaging experiments using FiloQuant and TrackMate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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17
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Caviglia S, Ober EA. Non-conventional protrusions: the diversity of cell interactions at short and long distance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 54:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Lugano R, Vemuri K, Yu D, Bergqvist M, Smits A, Essand M, Johansson S, Dejana E, Dimberg A. CD93 promotes β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibrillogenesis during tumor angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3280-3297. [PMID: 29763414 PMCID: PMC6063507 DOI: 10.1172/jci97459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis occurs through regulation of genes that orchestrate endothelial sprouting and vessel maturation, including deposition of a vessel-associated extracellular matrix. CD93 is a transmembrane receptor that is upregulated in tumor vessels in many cancers, including high-grade glioma. Here, we demonstrate that CD93 regulates β1 integrin signaling and organization of fibronectin fibrillogenesis during tumor vascularization. In endothelial cells and mouse retina, CD93 was found to be expressed in endothelial filopodia and to promote filopodia formation. The CD93 localization to endothelial filopodia was stabilized by interaction with multimerin-2 (MMRN2), which inhibited its proteolytic cleavage. The CD93-MMRN2 complex was required for activation of β1 integrin, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and fibronectin fibrillogenesis in endothelial cells. Consequently, tumor vessels in gliomas implanted orthotopically in CD93-deficient mice showed diminished activation of β1 integrin and lacked organization of fibronectin into fibrillar structures. These findings demonstrate a key role of CD93 in vascular maturation and organization of the extracellular matrix in tumors, identifying it as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kalyani Vemuri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Bergqvist
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle Hospital, Gävle, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences and Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anja Smits
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Jacquemet G, Paatero I, Carisey AF, Padzik A, Orange JS, Hamidi H, Ivaska J. FiloQuant reveals increased filopodia density during breast cancer progression. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3387-3403. [PMID: 28765364 PMCID: PMC5626550 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective filopodia formation is linked to pathologies such as cancer, wherein actively protruding filopodia, at the invasive front, accompany cancer cell dissemination. Despite wide biological significance, delineating filopodia function in complex systems remains challenging and is particularly hindered by lack of compatible methods to quantify filopodia properties. Here, we present FiloQuant, a freely available ImageJ plugin, to detect filopodia-like protrusions in both fixed- and live-cell microscopy data. We demonstrate that FiloQuant can extract quantifiable information, including protrusion dynamics, density, and length, from multiple cell types and in a range of microenvironments. In cellular models of breast ductal carcinoma in situ, we reveal a link between filopodia formation at the cell-matrix interface, in collectively invading cells and 3D tumor spheroids, and the in vitro invasive capacity of the carcinoma. Finally, using intravital microscopy, we observe that tumor spheroids display filopodia in vivo, supporting a potential role for these protrusions during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexandre F Carisey
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Artur Padzik
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hellyeh Hamidi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Sato Y, Nagatoshi K, Hamano A, Imamura Y, Huss D, Uchida S, Lansford R. Basal filopodia and vascular mechanical stress organize fibronectin into pillars bridging the mesoderm-endoderm gap. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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