1
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Pontarini E, Sciacca E, Chowdhury F, Grigoriadou S, Rivellese F, Murray-Brown WJ, Lucchesi D, Fossati-Jimack L, Nerviani A, Jaworska E, Ghirardi GM, Giacomassi C, Emery P, Ng WF, Sutcliffe N, Everett C, Fernandez C, Tappuni A, Seror R, Mariette X, Porcher R, Cavallaro G, Pulvirenti A, Verstappen GM, de Wolff L, Arends S, Bootsma H, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Bowman SJ, Bombardieri M. Serum and Tissue Biomarkers Associated With Composite of Relevant Endpoints for Sjögren Syndrome (CRESS) and Sjögren Tool for Assessing Response (STAR) to B Cell-Targeted Therapy in the Trial of Anti-B Cell Therapy in Patients With Primary Sjögren Syndrome (TRACTISS). Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:763-776. [PMID: 38073013 DOI: 10.1002/art.42772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify peripheral and salivary gland (SG) biomarkers of response/resistance to B cell depletion based on the novel concise Composite of Relevant Endpoints for Sjögren Syndrome (cCRESS) and candidate Sjögren Tool for Assessing Response (STAR) composite endpoints. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of peripheral blood and SG biopsies was performed pre- and post-treatment from the Trial of Anti-B Cell Therapy in Patients With Primary Sjögren Syndrome (TRACTISS) combining flow cytometry immunophenotyping, serum cytokines, and SG bulk RNA sequencing. RESULTS Rituximab treatment prevented the worsening of SG inflammation observed in the placebo arm, by inhibiting the accumulation of class-switched memory B cells within the SG. Furthermore, rituximab significantly down-regulated genes involved in immune-cell recruitment, lymphoid organization alongside antigen presentation, and T cell co-stimulatory pathways. In the peripheral compartment, rituximab down-regulated immunoglobulins and auto-antibodies together with pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, patients classified as responders according to STAR displayed significantly higher baseline levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-13 (CXCL13), interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17A, IL-17F, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas a longitudinal analysis of serum T cell-related cytokines showed a selective reduction in both STAR and cCRESS responder patients. Conversely, cCRESS response was better associated with biomarkers of SG immunopathology, with cCRESS-responders showing a significant decrease in SG B cell infiltration and reduced expression of transcriptional gene modules related to T cell costimulation, complement activation, and Fcγ-receptor engagement. Finally, cCRESS and STAR response were associated with a significant improvement in SG exocrine function linked to transcriptional evidence of SG epithelial and metabolic restoration. CONCLUSION Rituximab modulates both peripheral and SG inflammation, preventing the deterioration of exocrine function with functional and metabolic restoration of the glandular epithelium. Response assessed by newly developed cCRESS and STAR criteria was associated with differential modulation of peripheral and SG biomarkers, emerging as novel tools for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Felice Rivellese
- Queen Mary University of London and Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wan Fai Ng
- Newcastle University and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anwar Tappuni
- Queen Mary University of London and Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Raphael Seror
- Université' Paris-Saclay, and AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin, Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université' Paris-Saclay, and AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin, Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphael Porcher
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liseth de Wolff
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Arends
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miles J Lewis
- Queen Mary University of London and Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Simon J Bowman
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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2
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Viragova S, Aparicio L, Palmerini P, Zhao J, Valencia Salazar LE, Schurer A, Dhuri A, Sahoo D, Moskaluk CA, Rabadan R, Dalerba P. Inverse agonists of retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor signaling as lineage-specific antitumor agents against human adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:838-852. [PMID: 37040084 PMCID: PMC10323906 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a lethal malignancy of exocrine glands, characterized by the coexistence within tumor tissues of 2 distinct populations of cancer cells, phenotypically similar to the myoepithelial and ductal lineages of normal salivary epithelia. The developmental relationship linking these 2 cell types, and their differential vulnerability to antitumor treatments, remains unknown. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified cell-surface markers (CD49f, KIT) that enabled the differential purification of myoepithelial-like (CD49fhigh/KITneg) and ductal-like (CD49flow/KIT+) cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of human ACCs. Using prospective xenotransplantation experiments, we compared the tumor-initiating capacity of the 2 cell types and tested whether one could differentiate into the other. Finally, we searched for signaling pathways with differential activation between the 2 cell types and tested their role as lineage-specific therapeutic targets. RESULTS Myoepithelial-like cells displayed higher tumorigenicity than ductal-like cells and acted as their progenitors. Myoepithelial-like and ductal-like cells displayed differential expression of genes encoding for suppressors and activators of retinoic acid signaling, respectively. Agonists of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) or retinoid X receptor (RXR) signaling (all-trans retinoic acid, bexarotene) promoted myoepithelial-to-ductal differentiation, whereas suppression of RAR/RXR signaling with a dominant-negative RAR construct abrogated it. Inverse agonists of RAR/RXR signaling (BMS493, AGN193109) displayed selective toxicity against ductal-like cells and in vivo antitumor activity against PDX models of human ACC. CONCLUSIONS In human ACCs, myoepithelial-like cells act as progenitors of ductal-like cells, and myoepithelial-to-ductal differentiation is promoted by RAR/RXR signaling. Suppression of RAR/RXR signaling is lethal to ductal-like cells and represents a new therapeutic approach against human ACCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Viragova
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Aparicio
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierangela Palmerini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis E Valencia Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anika Dhuri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rebecca and John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Moskaluk
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Piero Dalerba
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Zhang S, Sui Y, Zhang Y, Yan S, Ding C, Feng Y, Xiong J, Wei S. Derivation of Human Salivary Epithelial Progenitors from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Activation of RA and Wnt Signaling. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:430-442. [PMID: 35948781 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Derivation of salivary gland epithelial progenitors (SGEPs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has great potential in developmental biology and regenerative medicine. At present, no efficient method is available to generate salivary gland cells from hPSCs. Here, we described for the first time a robust protocol for direct differentiation of hPSCs into SGEPs by mimicking retinoic acid and Wnt signaling. These hPSC-derived SGEPs expressed SOX9, KRT5, and KRT19, important progenitor markers of developing salivary glands. CD24 and α-SMA positive cells, capable of restoring the functions of injured salivary glands, were also present in SGEP cultures. Importantly, RNA-sequencing revealed that the SGEPs resembled the transcript profiles of human fetal submandibular glands. Therefore, we provided an efficient protocol to induce hPSCs differentiation into SGEPs. Our study provides a foundation for generating functional hPSCs derived salivary gland acinar cells and three-dimensional organoids, potentially serving as new models for basic study and future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanrui Feng
- Central Laboratory, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingwei Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Role of EZH2 in Uterine Gland Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415665. [PMID: 36555314 PMCID: PMC9779349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 2 that plays a vital role in transcriptional repression of gene expression. Conditional ablation of EZH2 using progesterone receptor (Pgr)-Cre in the mouse uterus has uncovered its roles in regulating uterine epithelial cell growth and stratification, suppressing decidual myofibroblast activation, and maintaining normal female fertility. However, it is unclear whether EZH2 plays a role in the development of uterine glands, which are required for pregnancy success. Herein, we created mice with conditional deletion of Ezh2 using anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 (Amhr2)-Cre recombinase that is expressed in mesenchyme-derived cells of the female reproductive tract. Strikingly, these mice showed marked defects in uterine adenogenesis. Unlike Ezh2 Pgr-Cre conditional knockout mice, deletion of Ezh2 using Amhr2-Cre did not lead to the differentiation of basal-like cells in the uterus. The deficient uterine adenogenesis was accompanied by impaired uterine function and pregnancy loss. Transcriptomic profiling using next generation sequencing revealed dysregulation of genes associated with signaling pathways that play fundamental roles in development and disease. In summary, this study has identified an unrecognized role of EZH2 in uterine gland development, a postnatal event critical for pregnancy success and female fertility.
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5
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Retinoic acid and FGF10 promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into salivary gland placodes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:368. [PMID: 35902913 PMCID: PMC9330698 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary glands produce saliva that play essential roles in digestion and oral health. Derivation of salivary gland organoids from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provides a powerful platform to model the organogenesis processes during development. A few studies attempted to differentiate PSCs into salivary gland organoids. However, none of them could recapitulate the morphogenesis of the embryonic salivary glands, and most of the protocols involved complicated manufacturing processes. Methods To generate PSC-derived salivary gland placodes, the mouse embryonic stem cells were first differentiated into oral ectoderm by treatment with BMP4 on day 3. Retinoic acid and bFGF were then applied to the cultures from day 4 to day 6, followed by a 4-day treatment of FGF10. The PSC-derived salivary gland placodes on day 10 were transplanted to kidney capsules to determine the regenerative potential. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and RNA-sequencing were performed to identify the PSC-derived SG placodes. Results We showed that step-wise treatment of retinoic acid and FGF10 promoted the differentiation of PSCs into salivary gland placodes, which can recapitulate the early morphogenetic events of their fetal counterparts, including the thickening, invagination, and then formed initial buds. The PSC-derived salivary gland placodes also differentiated into developing duct structures and could develop to striated and excretory ducts when transplanted in vivo. Conclusions The present study provided an easy and safe method to generate salivary gland placodes from PSCs, which offered possibilities for studying salivary gland development in vitro and developing new cell therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03033-5.
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Ji SF, Zhou LX, Sun ZF, Xiang JB, Cui SY, Li Y, Chen HT, Liu YQ, Gao HH, Fu XB, Sun XY. Small molecules facilitate single factor-mediated sweat gland cell reprogramming. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 35351192 PMCID: PMC8962256 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large skin defects severely disrupt the overall skin structure and can irreversibly damage sweat glands (SG), thus impairing the skin's physiological function. This study aims to develop a stepwise reprogramming strategy to convert fibroblasts into SG lineages, which may provide a promising method to obtain desirable cell types for the functional repair and regeneration of damaged skin. METHODS The expression of the SG markers cytokeratin 5 (CK5), cytokeratin 10 (CK10), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Calcium activity analysis was conducted to test the function of induced SG-like cells (iSGCs). Mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into a normal group, SGM treatment group and iSGC transplantation group. Immunocytochemical analyses and starch-iodine sweat tests were used to confirm the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. RESULTS EDA overexpression drove HDF conversion into iSGCs in SG culture medium (SGM). qPCR indicated significantly increased mRNA levels of the SG markers CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, and flow cytometry data demonstrated (4.18 ± 0.04)% of iSGCs were CK5 positive and (4.36 ± 0.25)% of iSGCs were CK18 positive. The addition of chemical cocktails greatly accelerated the SG fate program. qPCR results revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, as well as activation of the duct marker CK10 and luminal functional marker AQP5. Flow cytometry indicated, after the treatment of chemical cocktails, (23.05 ± 2.49)% of iSGCs expressed CK5+ and (55.79 ± 3.18)% of iSGCs expressed CK18+, respectively. Calcium activity analysis indicated that the reactivity of iSGCs to acetylcholine was close to that of primary SG cells [(60.79 ± 7.71)% vs. (70.59 ± 0.34)%, ns]. In vivo transplantation experiments showed approximately (5.2 ± 1.1)% of the mice were sweat test positive, and the histological analysis results indicated that regenerated SG structures were present in iSGCs-treated mice. CONCLUSION We developed a SG reprogramming strategy to generate functional iSGCs from HDFs by using the single factor EDA in combination with SGM and small molecules. The generation of iSGCs has important implications for future in situ skin regeneration with SG restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Fei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lai-Xian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Sun
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Jiang-Bing Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.,Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hua-Ting Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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7
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Woo V, Eshleman EM, Hashimoto-Hill S, Whitt J, Wu SE, Engleman L, Rice T, Karns R, Qualls JE, Haslam DB, Vallance BA, Alenghat T. Commensal segmented filamentous bacteria-derived retinoic acid primes host defense to intestinal infection. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1744-1756.e5. [PMID: 34678170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the microbiota and mammalian host are essential for defense against infection, but the microbial-derived cues that mediate this relationship remain unclear. Here, we find that intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-associated commensal bacteria, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), promote early protection against the pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, independent of CD4+ T cells. SFB induced histone modifications in IECs at sites enriched for retinoic acid receptor motifs, suggesting that SFB may enhance defense through retinoic acid (RA). Consistent with this, inhibiting RA signaling suppressed SFB-induced protection. Intestinal RA levels were elevated in SFB mice, despite the inhibition of mammalian RA production, indicating that SFB directly modulate RA. Interestingly, RA was produced by intestinal bacteria, and the loss of bacterial-intrinsic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity decreased the RA levels and increased infection. These data reveal RA as an unexpected microbiota-derived metabolite that primes innate defense and suggests that pre- and probiotic approaches to elevate RA could prevent or combat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shu-En Wu
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph E Qualls
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - David B Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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9
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Kim D, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Kim J, Lim JY. 3D Organoid Culture From Adult Salivary Gland Tissues as an ex vivo Modeling of Salivary Gland Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698292. [PMID: 34458260 PMCID: PMC8397473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen formation of salivary glands has been investigated using in vivo or ex vivo rudiment culture models. In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) salivary gland organoid culture system and demonstrated that lumen formation could be recapitulated in mouse SMG organoids. In our organoid culture system, lumen formation was induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and accelerated by treatment with RA. Furthermore, lumen formation was observed in branching duct-like structure when cultured in combination of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). We suggest RA signaling-mediated regulation of VIPR1 and KRT7 as the underlying mechanism for lumen formation, rather than apoptosis in the organoid culture system. Collectively, our results support a fundamental role for RA in lumen formation and demonstrate the feasibility of 3D organoid culture as a tool for studying salivary gland morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dojin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Toan NK, Ahn SG. Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5835. [PMID: 34072470 PMCID: PMC8198609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related salivary dysfunction commonly induces the poor oral health, including decreased saliva flow and dental caries. Although the clinical significance of the salivary glands is well-known, the complex metabolic pathways contributing to the aging-dysfunction process are only beginning to be uncovered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the metabolic changes in aging-mediated salivary gland dysfunction as a key aspect of oral physiology. Several metabolic neuropeptides or hormones are involved in causing or contributing to salivary gland dysfunction, including hyposalivation and age-related diseases. Thus, aging-related metabolism holds promise for early diagnosis, increased choice of therapy and the identification of new metabolic pathways that could potentially be targeted in salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
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11
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Zhao ZH, Li CY, Meng TG, Wang Y, Liu WB, Li A, Cai YJ, Hou Y, Schatten H, Wang ZB, Sun QY, Sun Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals regulation of fetal ovary development in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Cell Discov 2020; 6:97. [PMID: 33372178 PMCID: PMC7769980 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells are vital for reproduction and heredity. However, the mechanisms underlying female germ cell development in primates, especially in late embryonic stages, remain elusive. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 12,471 cells from whole fetal ovaries, and explored the communications between germ cells and niche cells. We depicted the two waves of oogenesis at single-cell resolution and demonstrated that progenitor theca cells exhibit similar characteristics to Leydig cells in fetal monkey ovaries. Notably, we found that ZGLP1 displays differentially expressed patterns between mouse and monkey, which is not overlapped with NANOG in monkey germ cells, suggesting its role in meiosis entry but not in activating oogenic program in primates. Furthermore, the majority of germ cell clusters that sharply express PRDM9 and SPO11 might undergo apoptosis after cyst breakdown, leading to germ cell attrition. Overall, our work provides new insights into the molecular and cellular basis of primate fetal ovary development at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Jun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Nuclear Receptors as Regulators of Pituitary Corticotroph Pro-Opiomelanocortin Transcription. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040900. [PMID: 32272677 PMCID: PMC7226830 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a critical role in adaptive stress responses and maintaining organism homeostasis. The pituitary corticotroph is the central player in the HPA axis and is regulated by a plethora of hormonal and stress related factors that synergistically interact to activate and temper pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription, to either increase or decrease adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production and secretion as needed. Nuclear receptors are a family of highly conserved transcription factors that can also be induced by various physiologic signals, and they mediate their responses via multiple targets to regulate metabolism and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the modulatory roles of nuclear receptors on pituitary corticotroph cell POMC transcription, describe the unique and complex role these factors play in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) regulation and discuss potential therapeutic targets in disease states.
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13
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Adams MK, Belyaeva OV, Kedishvili NY. Generation and isolation of recombinant retinoid oxidoreductase complex. Methods Enzymol 2020; 637:77-93. [PMID: 32359661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is a bioactive lipid that influences many processes in embryonic and adult tissues. Given its bioactive nature, cellular concentrations of this molecule are highly regulated. The oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinaldehyde represents the first and rate-limiting step of the RA synthesis pathway. As such, it is the target of mechanisms that fine-tune RA levels within the cell. RDH10 is one enzyme responsible for the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinaldehyde, and together with the all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3 forms an oligomeric protein complex. The resulting retinoid oxidoreductase complex (ROC) is bifunctional and has the capacity to regulate steady-state levels of the direct precursor of RA, all-trans-retinaldehyde. As ROC represents a major regulatory element within the RA synthesis pathway, it is essential that methods are in place that allow for the study of this complex. Here we describe the production and isolation of recombinant ROC using a baculovirus expression system. Recombinant proteins retain enzymatic activities in intact microsomes and can be affinity purified for analysis. These methods can be used to assist in the assessment of ROC properties and the regulation of this protein complex's functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Adams
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States.
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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14
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Ghazizadeh Z, Kiviniemi T, Olafsson S, Plotnick D, Beerens ME, Zhang K, Gillon L, Steinbaugh MJ, Barrera V, Sui SH, Werdich AA, Kapur S, Eranti A, Gunn J, Jalkanen J, Airaksinen J, Kleber AG, Hollmén M, MacRae CA. Metastable Atrial State Underlies the Primary Genetic Substrate for MYL4 Mutation-Associated Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2019; 141:301-312. [PMID: 31735076 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia and is associated with heart failure, stroke, and increased mortality. The myocardial substrate for AF is poorly understood because of limited access to primary human tissue and mechanistic questions around existing in vitro or in vivo models. METHODS Using an MYH6:mCherry knock-in reporter line, we developed a protocol to generate and highly purify human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes displaying physiological and molecular characteristics of atrial cells. We modeled human MYL4 mutants, one of the few definitive genetic causes of AF. To explore non-cell-autonomous components of AF substrate, we also created a zebrafish Myl4 knockout model, which exhibited molecular, cellular, and physiologic abnormalities that parallel those in humans bearing the cognate mutations. RESULTS There was evidence of increased retinoic acid signaling in both human embryonic stem cells and zebrafish mutant models, as well as abnormal expression and localization of cytoskeletal proteins, and loss of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen. To identify potentially druggable proximate mechanisms, we performed a chemical suppressor screen integrating multiple human cellular and zebrafish in vivo endpoints. This screen identified Cx43 (connexin 43) hemichannel blockade as a robust suppressor of the abnormal phenotypes in both models of MYL4 (myosin light chain 4)-related atrial cardiomyopathy. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed an interaction between MYL4 and Cx43 with altered localization of Cx43 hemichannels to the lateral membrane in MYL4 mutants, as well as in atrial biopsies from unselected forms of human AF. The membrane fraction from MYL4-/- human embryonic stem cell derived atrial cells demonstrated increased phospho-Cx43, which was further accentuated by retinoic acid treatment and by the presence of risk alleles at the Pitx2 locus. PKC (protein kinase C) was induced by retinoic acid, and PKC inhibition also rescued the abnormal phenotypes in the atrial cardiomyopathy models. CONCLUSIONS These data establish a mechanistic link between the transcriptional, metabolic and electrical pathways previously implicated in AF substrate and suggest novel avenues for the prevention or therapy of this common arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Sigurast Olafsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Plotnick
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manu E Beerens
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leah Gillon
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Victor Barrera
- Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.J.S., V.B., S.H.S.)
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.J.S., V.B., S.H.S.)
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sunil Kapur
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antti Eranti
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Jarmo Gunn
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Juho Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratories (J.J., M.H.), Harvard T.H
| | - Juhani Airaksinen
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Andre G Kleber
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.G.K.)
| | - Maija Hollmén
- Medicity Research Laboratories (J.J., M.H.), Harvard T.H
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics and Network Medicine Divisions (C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA (C.A.M.)
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15
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Friedl RM, Raja S, Metzler MA, Patel ND, Brittian KR, Jones SP, Sandell LL. RDH10 function is necessary for spontaneous fetal mouth movement that facilitates palate shelf elevation. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039073. [PMID: 31300413 PMCID: PMC6679383 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common birth defect, occurring in approximately 1 in 1000 live births worldwide. Known etiological mechanisms of cleft palate include defects within developing palate shelf tissues, defects in mandibular growth and defects in spontaneous fetal mouth movement. Until now, experimental studies directly documenting fetal mouth immobility as an underlying cause of cleft palate have been limited to models lacking neurotransmission. This study extends the range of anomalies directly demonstrated to have fetal mouth movement defects correlated with cleft palate. Here, we show that mouse embryos deficient in retinoic acid (RA) have mispatterned pharyngeal nerves and skeletal elements that block spontaneous fetal mouth movement in utero. Using X-ray microtomography, in utero ultrasound video, ex vivo culture and tissue staining, we demonstrate that proper retinoid signaling and pharyngeal patterning are crucial for the fetal mouth movement needed for palate formation. Embryos with deficient retinoid signaling were generated by stage-specific inactivation of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), a gene crucial for the production of RA during embryogenesis. The finding that cleft palate in retinoid deficiency results from a lack of fetal mouth movement might help elucidate cleft palate etiology and improve early diagnosis in human disorders involving defects of pharyngeal development. Summary: Fetal mouth immobility and defects in pharyngeal patterning underlie cleft palate in retinoid-deficient Rdh10 mutant mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Friedl
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Swetha Raja
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Melissa A Metzler
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Niti D Patel
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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16
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Mei X, Wu Z, Huang J, Sun Y, Shi W. Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes of human melanocytes in skin cells mixed culture. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2657-2667. [PMID: 31217845 PMCID: PMC6556658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to screen the key genes and possible signaling pathways involved in the differentiation and proliferation of human melanocytes (MCs) by in vitro culture of mixed skin cells. This will be helpful to further study the mechanisms and treatment strategies of pigment-related diseases such as vitiligo. METHODS Mixed skin cells were obtained by digesting and separating normal human foreskin tissues. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from sorting cells and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed at different culture time points. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparing the expression abundance of genes at different culture time points. Then the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the differentiation and proliferation of MCs were screened and verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test. RESULTS Twenty one DEGs were finally screened for further qPCR validation, mainly involved in 4 signaling pathways. The expressions of Wnt5A, Wnt5B, FZD2 and FZD3 in Wnt pathway were continuously up-regulated, and that of Wnt4 gene was continuously down-regulated, however, all the above hadn't been verified by qPCR. The expressions of COL5A2, COL6A3, ITGB1, ITGA4, ITGAV, AKT3, PIK3CD, PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway were continuously up-regulated, of which PIK3CD, PIK3R2, COL5A2, ITGA4, ITGAV and AKT3 were verified by qPCR. PDGFB and GRB2 gene expressions were down-regulated in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway, while PDGFRB was continuously up-regulated, of which PDGFB and PDGFRB were verified. The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR. CONCLUSION We suggested that Wnt5A gene in Wnt/β-catenin classical pathway, integrin combining with extracellular matrix through PI3K signaling pathway, retinoic acid catabolism-related genes could promote the differentiation and proliferation of MCs; however, PDGFB gene might have a negative regulatory effect on the growth of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
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