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Man Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhou J, Bu Y, Zhang X, Li X, Li Y, Jing Y, Lin J. The VAMP-associated protein VAP27-1 plays a crucial role in plant resistance to ER stress by modulating ER-PM contact architecture in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100929. [PMID: 38678366 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) form ER-PM contact sites (EPCSs) that allow the ER and PM to exchange materials and information. Stress-induced disruption of protein folding triggers ER stress, and the cell initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to resist the stress. However, whether EPCSs play a role in ER stress in plants remains unclear. VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN (VAMP)-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 27-1 (VAP27-1) functions in EPCS tethering and is encoded by a family of 10 genes (VAP27-1-10) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing to obtain a homozygous vap27-1 vap27-3 vap27-4 (vap27-1/3/4) triple mutant lacking three of the key VAP27 family members in Arabidopsis. The vap27-1/3/4 mutant exhibits defects in ER-PM connectivity and EPCS architecture, as well as excessive UPR signaling. We further showed that relocation of VAP27-1 to the PM mediates specific VAP27-1-related EPCS remodeling and expansion under ER stress. Moreover, the spatiotemporal dynamics of VAP27-1 at the PM increase ER-PM connectivity and enhance Arabidopsis resistance to ER stress. In addition, we revealed an important role for intracellular calcium homeostasis in the regulation of UPR signaling. Taken together, these results broaden our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of ER stress and UPR signaling in plants, providing additional clues for improving plant broad-spectrum resistance to different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Man
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Linghui Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufen Bu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Hurst CH, Turnbull D, Xhelilaj K, Myles S, Pflughaupt RL, Kopischke M, Davies P, Jones S, Robatzek S, Zipfel C, Gronnier J, Hemsley PA. S-acylation stabilizes ligand-induced receptor kinase complex formation during plant pattern-triggered immune signaling. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1588-1596.e6. [PMID: 36924767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor kinases are key transducers of extracellular stimuli, such as the presence of beneficial or pathogenic microbes or secreted signaling molecules. Receptor kinases are regulated by numerous post-translational modifications.1,2,3 Here, using the immune receptor kinases FLS24 and EFR,5 we show that S-acylation at a cysteine conserved in all plant receptor kinases is crucial for function. S-acylation involves the addition of long-chain fatty acids to cysteine residues within proteins, altering their biochemical properties and behavior within the membrane environment.6 We observe S-acylation of FLS2 at C-terminal kinase domain cysteine residues within minutes following the perception of its ligand, flg22, in a BAK1 co-receptor and PUB12/13 ubiquitin ligase-dependent manner. We demonstrate that S-acylation is essential for FLS2-mediated immune signaling and resistance to bacterial infection. Similarly, mutating the corresponding conserved cysteine residue in EFR suppressed elf18-triggered signaling. Analysis of unstimulated and activated FLS2-containing complexes using microscopy, detergents, and native membrane DIBMA nanodiscs indicates that S-acylation stabilizes, and promotes retention of, activated receptor kinase complexes at the plasma membrane to increase signaling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Hurst
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Dionne Turnbull
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kaltra Xhelilaj
- ZMBP Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sally Myles
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Robin L Pflughaupt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Michaela Kopischke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Davies
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Susan Jones
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Gronnier
- ZMBP Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piers A Hemsley
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
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3
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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Lian N, Li X. Membrane Dynamics Regulated by Cytoskeleton in Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076059. [PMID: 37047032 PMCID: PMC10094514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM), which is composed of a lipid layer implanted with proteins, has diverse functions in plant responses to environmental triggers. The heterogenous dynamics of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane play important roles in regulating cellular activities with an intricate pathway that orchestrates reception, signal transduction and appropriate response in the plant immune system. In the process of the plasma membrane participating in defense responses, the cytoskeletal elements have important functions in a variety of ways, including regulation of protein and lipid dynamics as well as vesicle trafficking. In this review, we summarized how the plasma membrane contributed to plant immunity and focused on the dynamic process of cytoskeleton regulation of endocytosis and exocytosis and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Cui Y, Zhang X, Li X, Lin J. Multiscale microscopy to decipher plant cell structure and dynamics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1980-1997. [PMID: 36477856 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
New imaging methodologies with high contrast and molecular specificity allow researchers to analyze dynamic processes in plant cells at multiple scales, from single protein and RNA molecules to organelles and cells, to whole organs and tissues. These techniques produce informative images and quantitative data on molecular dynamics to address questions that cannot be answered by conventional biochemical assays. Here, we review selected microscopy techniques, focusing on their basic principles and applications in plant science, discussing the pros and cons of each technique, and introducing methods for quantitative analysis. This review thus provides guidance for plant scientists in selecting the most appropriate techniques to decipher structures and dynamic processes at different levels, from protein dynamics to morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Cui
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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5
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Zhang L, Liang X, Takáč T, Komis G, Li X, Zhang Y, Ovečka M, Chen Y, Šamaj J. Spatial proteomics of vesicular trafficking: coupling mass spectrometry and imaging approaches in membrane biology. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:250-269. [PMID: 36204821 PMCID: PMC9884029 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, membrane compartmentalization requires vesicle trafficking for communication among distinct organelles. Membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking are highly dynamic and can respond rapidly to changes in the environment and to cellular signals. Capturing their localization and dynamics is thus essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying vesicular trafficking pathways. Quantitative mass spectrometry and imaging approaches allow a system-wide dissection of the vesicular proteome, the characterization of ligand-receptor pairs and the determination of secretory, endocytic, recycling and vacuolar trafficking pathways. In this review, we highlight major proteomics and imaging methods employed to determine the location, distribution and abundance of proteins within given trafficking routes. We focus in particular on methodologies for the elucidation of vesicle protein dynamics and interactions and their connections to downstream signalling outputs. Finally, we assess their biological applications in exploring different cellular and subcellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Life ScienceHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xinlin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of SciencePalacky University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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6
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Traeger J, Hu D, Yang M, Stacey G, Orr G. Super-Resolution Imaging of Plant Receptor-Like Kinases Uncovers Their Colocalization and Coordination with Nanometer Resolution. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 36837645 PMCID: PMC9958960 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell signaling often relies on the cellular organization of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) within membrane nanodomains to enhance signaling specificity and efficiency. Thus, nanometer-scale quantitative analysis of spatial organizations of RLKs could provide new understanding of mechanisms underlying plant responses to environmental stress. Here, we used stochastic optical reconstruction fluorescence microscopy (STORM) to quantify the colocalization of the flagellin-sensitive-2 (FLS2) receptor and the nanodomain marker, remorin, within Arabidopsis thaliana root hair cells. We found that recovery of FLS2 and remorin in the plasma membrane, following ligand-induced internalization by bacterial-flagellin-peptide (flg22), reached ~85% of their original membrane density after ~90 min. The pairs colocalized at the membrane at greater frequencies, compared with simulated randomly distributed pairs, except for directly after recovery, suggesting initial uncoordinated recovery followed by remorin and FLS2 pairing in the membrane. The purinergic receptor, P2K1, colocalized with remorin at similar frequencies as FLS2, while FLS2 and P2K1 colocalization occurred at significantly lower frequencies, suggesting that these RLKs mostly occupy distinct nanodomains. The chitin elicitor receptor, CERK1, colocalized with FLS2 and remorin at much lower frequencies, suggesting little coordination between CERK1 and FLS2. These findings emphasize STORM's capacity to observe distinct nanodomains and degrees of coordination between plant cell receptors, and their respective immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Mengran Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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7
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The Cytoskeleton in Plant Immunity: Dynamics, Regulation, and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415553. [PMID: 36555194 PMCID: PMC9779068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton, consisting of actin filaments and microtubules, is a highly dynamic filamentous framework involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Recently, research has demonstrated that the plant cytoskeleton undergoes rapid remodeling upon sensing pathogen attacks, coordinating the formation of microdomain immune complexes, the dynamic and turnover of pattern-recognizing receptors (PRRs), the movement and aggregation of organelles, and the transportation of defense compounds, thus serving as an important platform for responding to pathogen infections. Meanwhile, pathogens produce effectors targeting the cytoskeleton to achieve pathogenicity. Recent findings have uncovered several cytoskeleton-associated proteins mediating cytoskeletal remodeling and defense signaling. Furthermore, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is revealed to further feedback-regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and trigger salicylic acid (SA) signaling, suggesting an extremely complex role of the cytoskeleton in plant immunity. Here, we describe recent advances in understanding the host cytoskeleton dynamics upon sensing pathogens and summarize the effectors that target the cytoskeleton. We highlight advances in the regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling associated with the defense response and assess the important function of the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in the immune response. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research in this area.
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8
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Zhao R, Cao Y, Ge Y, Xu J, Li R, Yang M, Chen Y, Wu D, Xiao J, Li R. Single-Molecule and Vesicle Trafficking Analysis of Ubiquitination Involved in the Activity of Ammonium Transporter AMT1;3 in Arbidopsis under High Ammonium Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223651. [PMID: 36429077 PMCID: PMC9688738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil using ammonium transporters (AMTs). Plants can precisely regulate AMT1;3 levels using sophisticated regulatory systems, ensuring adequate nitrogen uptake without hazardous ammonium production. Here, we demonstrated that ubiquitylation can contribute to AMT1;3 degradation under high ammonium stress. Using the ubiquitin site mutant AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP, we demonstrated that the loss of ubiquitination affects the dynamic characteristics of AMT1;3 proteins on the plasma membrane and markedly inhibits the endocytosis of AMT1;3 proteins under high ammonium stress. AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP plants also showed inhibition of protein degradation that targets the vesicular pathway after being exposed to high levels of ammonium. Our findings showed that the dynamic properties, endocytosis, and vesicle trafficking pathways of AMT1;3 proteins are altered in AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP under high ammonium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Shijiazhuang Zhonghua Avenue Primary School, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yanrui Ge
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dingjie Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Duan Z, Liu W, Li K, Duan W, Zhu S, Xing J, Chen T, Luo X. Regulation of immune complex formation and signalling by FERONIA, a busy goddess in plant-microbe interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1695-1700. [PMID: 35951729 PMCID: PMC9562586 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile in soil, plant cells rely on cell-surface receptors to sense and transduce environmental stimulus signals into intracellular responses. FERONIA (FER), a Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like protein, has emerged as a versatile regulator of plant growth, development, and stress responses. In recent years, accumulating studies have witnessed rapid advances in dissecting the mechanisms underlying the interaction between FER and its partners in response to pathogen invasion, particularly regulation of immune complex formation and signalling. Moreover, hormonal signalling, rhizosphere microbiota and other constituents are also extensively involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wenwen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Shengwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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10
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Ma Z, Zhu K, Gao Y, Tan S, Miao Y. Molecular condensation and mechanoregulation of plant class I formin, an integrin‐like actin nucleator. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Suet‐Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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11
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Xing J, Ji D, Duan Z, Chen T, Luo X. Spatiotemporal dynamics of FERONIA reveal alternative endocytic pathways in response to flg22 elicitor stimuli. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:518-532. [PMID: 35358335 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) functions in the response to multiple extracellular signals, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes, such as polarized cell growth, hormone signaling and responses to pathogens. Here, we reported that in Arabidopsis thaliana, flagellin peptide flg22 stimulus significantly promoted the lateral mobility and dissociation of FER from the plasma membrane by inducing the association of FER with membrane microdomain components. FER underwent constitutive endocytosis and recycling in a brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive manner via a clathrin-mediated pathway. Following flg22 elicitation, FER localized to bona fide endosomes via two distinct endocytic routes, showing differential sensitivity to BFA. These results at the single-particle level confirm that FER acts as an essential regulator during flg22 perception and immune activation, thus broadening our understanding of location-specific protein dynamics and membrane trafficking in receptor/receptor kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dongchao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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12
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Dahhan DA, Bednarek SY. Advances in structural, spatial, and temporal mechanics of plant endocytosis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2269-2287. [PMID: 35674447 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endocytic trafficking underlies processes essential for plant growth and development, including the perception of and response to abiotic and extracellular stimuli, post-Golgi and exocytic trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein adaptors and regulatory factors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis that contribute to the formation of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles are evolutionarily conserved. Yet, work of the last ten years has identified differences between the endocytic mechanisms of plants and Opisthokonts involving the endocytic adaptor TPLATE complex, the requirement of actin during CME, and the function of clathrin-independent endocytosis in the uptake of plant-specific plasma membrane proteins. Here, we review clathrin-mediated and -independent pathways in plants and describe recent advances enabled by new proteomic and imaging methods, and conditional perturbation of endocytosis. In addition, we summarize the formation and trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles based on temporal and structural data garnered from high-resolution quantitative imaging studies. Finally, new information about the cross-talk between endocytosis and other endomembrane trafficking pathways and organelles will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Xu C, Abbas S, Qian H, Yu M, Zhang X, Li X, Cui Y, Lin J. Environmental Cues Contribute to Dynamic Plasma Membrane Organization of Nanodomains Containing Flotillin-1 and Hypersensitive Induced Reaction-1 Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897594. [PMID: 35620697 PMCID: PMC9127874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are heterogeneous and contain multiple functional nanodomains. Although several signaling proteins have been shown to function by moving into or out of nanodomains, little is known regarding the effects of environmental cues on nanodomain organization. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneity and organization of distinct nanodomains, including those containing Arabidopsis thaliana flotillin-1 (AtFlot1) and hypersensitive induced reaction-1 proteins (AtHIR1), in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy coupled with single-particle tracking (SPT) revealed that AtFlot1 and AtHIR1 exhibit different lateral dynamics and inhabit different types of nanodomains. Furthermore, via SPT and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we observed lower density and intensity of AtFlot1 fluorescence in the plasma membrane after biotic stress. In contrast, the density and intensity of signal indicating AtHIR1 markedly increased in response to biotic stress. In response to abiotic stress, the density and intensity of both AtFlot1 and AtHIR1 signals decreased significantly. Importantly, SPT coupled with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed that biotic and abiotic stress can regulate the dynamics of AtFlot1; however, only the abiotic stress can regulate AtHIR1 dynamics. Taken together, these findings suggest that a plethora of highly distinct nanodomains coexist in the plasma membrane (PM) and that different nanodomains may perform distinct functions in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. These phenomena may be explained by the spatial clustering of plasma membrane proteins with their associated signaling components within dedicated PM nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sammar Abbas
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yaning Cui,
| | - Jinxing Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Jinxing Lin,
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14
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Single-Molecule Imaging in Living Plant Cells: A Methodological Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105071. [PMID: 34064786 PMCID: PMC8151321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging is emerging as a revolutionary approach to studying fundamental questions in plants. However, compared with its use in animals, the application of single-molecule imaging in plants is still underexplored. Here, we review the applications, advantages, and challenges of single-molecule fluorescence imaging in plant systems from the perspective of methodology. Firstly, we provide a general overview of single-molecule imaging methods and their principles. Next, we summarize the unprecedented quantitative details that can be obtained using single-molecule techniques compared to bulk assays. Finally, we discuss the main problems encountered at this stage and provide possible solutions.
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15
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Takáč T, Křenek P, Komis G, Vadovič P, Ovečka M, Ohnoutková L, Pechan T, Kašpárek P, Tichá T, Basheer J, Arick M, Šamaj J. TALEN-Based HvMPK3 Knock-Out Attenuates Proteome and Root Hair Phenotypic Responses to flg22 in Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:666229. [PMID: 33995462 PMCID: PMC8117018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.666229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) integrate elicitor perception with both early and late responses associated with plant defense and innate immunity. Much of the existing knowledge on the role of plant MAPKs in defense mechanisms against microbes stems from extensive research in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of barley (Hordeum vulgare) MPK3 in response to flagellin peptide flg22, a well-known bacterial elicitor. Using differential proteomic analysis we show that TALEN-induced MPK3 knock-out lines of barley (HvMPK3 KO) exhibit constitutive downregulation of defense related proteins such as PR proteins belonging to thaumatin family and chitinases. Further analyses showed that the same protein families were less prone to flg22 elicitation in HvMPK3 KO plants compared to wild types. These results were supported and validated by chitinase activity analyses and immunoblotting for HSP70. In addition, differential proteomes correlated with root hair phenotypes and suggested tolerance of HvMPK3 KO lines to flg22. In conclusion, our study points to the specific role of HvMPK3 in molecular and root hair phenotypic responses of barley to flg22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludmila Ohnoutková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Petr Kašpárek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tereza Tichá
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jasim Basheer
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Mark Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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16
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Su X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Lin J, Li X. In vivo single-particle tracking of the aquaporin AtPIP2;1 in stomata reveals cell type-specific dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1666-1681. [PMID: 33569600 PMCID: PMC8133650 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins such as the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) allow water to move through cell membranes and are vital for stomatal movement in plants. Despite their importance, the dynamic changes in aquaporins during water efflux and influx have not been directly observed in real time in vivo. Here, to determine which factors regulate these changes during the bidirectional translocation of water, we examined aquaporin dynamics during the stomatal immune response to the bacterial flagellin-derived peptide flg22. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) aquaporin mutant pip2;1 showed defects in the flg22-induced stomatal response. Variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed that the movement dynamics and dwell times of AQ6]GFP-AtPIP2;1 in guard cells and subsidiary cells exhibited cell type-specific dependencies on flg22. The cytoskeleton, rather than the cell wall, was the major factor regulating AtPIP2;1 dynamics, although both the cytoskeleton and cell wall might form bounded domains that restrict the diffusion of AtPIP2;1 in guard cells and subsidiary cells. Finally, our analysis revealed the different roles of cortical actin and microtubules in regulating AtPIP2;1 dynamics in guard cells, as well as subsidiary cells, under various conditions. Our observations shed light on the heterogeneous mechanisms that regulate membrane protein dynamics in plants in response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences & Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Author for communication:
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17
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Zhang X, Man Y, Zhuang X, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu M, Xing J, Wang G, Lian N, Hu Z, Ma L, Shen W, Yang S, Xu H, Bian J, Jing Y, Li X, Li R, Mao T, Jiao Y, Sodmergen, Ren H, Lin J. Plant multiscale networks: charting plant connectivity by multi-level analysis and imaging techniques. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33974222 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular and even single-celled organisms, individual components are interconnected at multiscale levels to produce enormously complex biological networks that help these systems maintain homeostasis for development and environmental adaptation. Systems biology studies initially adopted network analysis to explore how relationships between individual components give rise to complex biological processes. Network analysis has been applied to dissect the complex connectivity of mammalian brains across different scales in time and space in The Human Brain Project. In plant science, network analysis has similarly been applied to study the connectivity of plant components at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organic, and organism levels. Analysis of these multiscale networks contributes to our understanding of how genotype determines phenotype. In this review, we summarized the theoretical framework of plant multiscale networks and introduced studies investigating plant networks by various experimental and computational modalities. We next discussed the currently available analytic methodologies and multi-level imaging techniques used to map multiscale networks in plants. Finally, we highlighted some of the technical challenges and key questions remaining to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457004, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunyao Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sodmergen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy of membrane proteins in living plant tissues. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1600-1628. [PMID: 33627844 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy techniques have pushed the limit of optical imaging to unprecedented spatial resolutions. However, one of the frontiers in nanoscopy is its application to intact living organisms. Here we describe the implementation and application of super-resolution single-particle tracking photoactivated localization microscopy (sptPALM) to probe single-molecule dynamics of membrane proteins in live roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We first discuss the advantages and limitations of sptPALM for studying the diffusion properties of membrane proteins and compare this to fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). We describe the technical details for handling and imaging the samples for sptPALM, with a particular emphasis on the specificity of imaging plant cells, such as their thick cell walls or high degree of autofluorescence. We then provide a practical guide from data collection to image analyses. In particular, we introduce our sptPALM_viewer software and describe how to install and use it for analyzing sptPALM experiments. Finally, we report an R statistical analysis pipeline to analyze and compare sptPALM experiments. Altogether, this protocol should enable plant researchers to perform sptPALM using a benchmarked reproducible protocol. Routinely, the procedure takes 3-4 h of imaging followed by 3-4 d of image processing and data analysis.
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19
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Commault AS, Kuzhiumparambil U, Herdean A, Fabris M, Jaramillo-Madrid AC, Abbriano RM, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Methyl Jasmonate and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Individually Boost Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii UVM4. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 33562714 PMCID: PMC7915139 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercialisation of valuable plant triterpenoids faces major challenges, including low abundance in natural hosts and costly downstream purification procedures. Endeavours to produce these compounds at industrial scale using microbial systems are gaining attention. Here, we report on a strategy to enrich the biomass of the biotechnologically-relevant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain UVM4 with valuable triterpenes, such as squalene and (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene. C. reinhardtii UVM4 was subjected to the elicitor compounds methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl-β-cyclodextrine (MβCD) to increase triterpene yields. MeJA treatment triggered oxidative stress, arrested growth, and altered the photosynthetic activity of the cells, while increasing squalene, (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, and cycloartenol contents. Applying MβCD to cultures of C. reinhardtii lead to the sequestration of the two main sterols (ergosterol and 7-dehydroporiferasterol) into the growth medium and the intracellular accumulation of the intermediate cycloartenol, without compromising cell growth. When MβCD was applied in combination with MeJA, it counteracted the negative effects of MeJA on cell growth and physiology, but no synergistic effect on triterpene yield was observed. Together, our findings provide strategies for the triterpene enrichment of microalgal biomass and medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
- Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Jaramillo-Madrid
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (U.K.); (A.H.); (M.F.); (A.C.J.-M.); (R.M.A.); (P.J.R.); (M.P.)
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20
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Ke M, Ma Z, Wang D, Sun Y, Wen C, Huang D, Chen Z, Yang L, Tan S, Li R, Friml J, Miao Y, Chen X. Salicylic acid regulates PIN2 auxin transporter hyperclustering and root gravitropic growth via Remorin-dependent lipid nanodomain organisation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:963-978. [PMID: 32901934 PMCID: PMC7821329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to the diverse array of biotic and abiotic cues, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense changes in environmental conditions and modulate their growth. Growth-promoting hormones and defence signalling fine tune plant development antagonistically. During host-pathogen interactions, this defence-growth trade-off is mediated by the counteractive effects of the defence hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the growth hormone auxin. Here we revealed an underlying mechanism of SA regulating auxin signalling by constraining the plasma membrane dynamics of PIN2 auxin efflux transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The lateral diffusion of PIN2 proteins is constrained by SA signalling, during which PIN2 proteins are condensed into hyperclusters depending on REM1.2-mediated nanodomain compartmentalisation. Furthermore, membrane nanodomain compartmentalisation by SA or Remorin (REM) assembly significantly suppressed clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Consequently, SA-induced heterogeneous surface condensation disrupted asymmetric auxin distribution and the resultant gravitropic response. Our results demonstrated a defence-growth trade-off mechanism by which SA signalling crosstalked with auxin transport by concentrating membrane-resident PIN2 into heterogeneous compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ke
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Deyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Yanbiao Sun
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Chenjin Wen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Dingquan Huang
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Zichen Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Am Campus 1Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Am Campus 1Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
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21
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Tran TM, Ma Z, Triebl A, Nath S, Cheng Y, Gong BQ, Han X, Wang J, Li JF, Wenk MR, Torta F, Mayor S, Yang L, Miao Y. The bacterial quorum sensing signal DSF hijacks Arabidopsis thaliana sterol biosynthesis to suppress plant innate immunity. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000720. [PMID: 32788227 PMCID: PMC7425213 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a recognized phenomenon that is crucial for regulating population-related behaviors in bacteria. However, the direct specific effect of QS molecules on host biology is largely understudied. In this work, we show that the QS molecule DSF (cis-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediated by flagellin-induced activation of flagellin receptor FLS2. The DSF-mediated attenuation of innate immunity results from the alteration of FLS2 nanoclusters and endocytic internalization of plasma membrane FLS2. DSF altered the lipid profile of Arabidopsis, with a particular increase in the phytosterol species, which impairs the general endocytosis pathway mediated by clathrin and FLS2 nano-clustering on the plasma membrane. The DSF effect on receptor dynamics and host immune responses could be entirely reversed by sterol removal. Together, our results highlighted the importance of sterol homeostasis to plasma membrane organization and demonstrate a novel mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria use their communicating molecule to manipulate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, India
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ben-Qiang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Tran TM, Ma Z, Triebl A, Nath S, Cheng Y, Gong BQ, Han X, Wang J, Li JF, Wenk MR, Torta F, Mayor S, Yang L, Miao Y. The bacterial quorum sensing signal DSF hijacks Arabidopsis thaliana sterol biosynthesis to suppress plant innate immunity. Life Sci Alliance 2020. [PMID: 32788227 DOI: 10.1101/927731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a recognized phenomenon that is crucial for regulating population-related behaviors in bacteria. However, the direct specific effect of QS molecules on host biology is largely understudied. In this work, we show that the QS molecule DSF (cis-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediated by flagellin-induced activation of flagellin receptor FLS2. The DSF-mediated attenuation of innate immunity results from the alteration of FLS2 nanoclusters and endocytic internalization of plasma membrane FLS2. DSF altered the lipid profile of Arabidopsis, with a particular increase in the phytosterol species, which impairs the general endocytosis pathway mediated by clathrin and FLS2 nano-clustering on the plasma membrane. The DSF effect on receptor dynamics and host immune responses could be entirely reversed by sterol removal. Together, our results highlighted the importance of sterol homeostasis to plasma membrane organization and demonstrate a novel mechanism by which pathogenic bacteria use their communicating molecule to manipulate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander Triebl
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, India
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ben-Qiang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Zhang X, Hu Z, Guo Y, Shan X, Li X, Lin J. High-efficiency procedure to characterize, segment, and quantify complex multicellularity in raw micrographs in plants. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:100. [PMID: 32742298 PMCID: PMC7390866 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of novel approaches for large-scale, multi-dimensional imaging of cells has created an unprecedented opportunity to analyze plant morphogenesis. However, complex image processing, including identifying specific cells and quantitating parameters, and high running cost of some image analysis softwares remains challenging. Therefore, it is essential to develop an efficient method for identifying plant complex multicellularity in raw micrographs in plants. RESULTS Here, we developed a high-efficiency procedure to characterize, segment, and quantify plant multicellularity in various raw images using the open-source software packages ImageJ and SR-Tesseler. This procedure allows for the rapid, accurate, automatic quantification of cell patterns and organization at different scales, from large tissues down to the cellular level. We validated our method using different images captured from Arabidopsis thaliana roots and seeds and Populus tremula stems, including fluorescently labeled images, Micro-CT scans, and dyed sections. Finally, we determined the area, centroid coordinate, perimeter, and Feret's diameter of the cells and harvested the cell distribution patterns from Voronoï diagrams by setting the threshold at localization density, mean distance, or area. CONCLUSIONS This procedure can be used to determine the character and organization of multicellular plant tissues at high efficiency, including precise parameter identification and polygon-based segmentation of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Yayu Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Xiaoyi Shan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
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24
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Huang C, Yan Y, Zhao H, Ye Y, Cao Y. Arabidopsis CPK5 Phosphorylates the Chitin Receptor LYK5 to Regulate Plant Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:702. [PMID: 32595659 PMCID: PMC7300259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a major component of the fungal cell wall, triggers plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis via a receptor complex including two major lysin motif receptor-like kinases, AtLYK5, and AtCERK1. Although AtLYK5 has been proposed to be a major chitin-binding receptor, the pseudokinase domain of AtLYK5 is required to mediate chitin-triggered immune responses in plants. In this study, 48 AtLYK5-interacting proteins were identified using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assay. Among them, Arabidopsis CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 5 (AtCPK5) is a protein kinase interacting with both AtLYK5 and AtCERK1. Chitin-induced immune responses are inhibited in both Arabidopsis atcpk5 and atcpk5/6 mutant plants. AtLYK5 and AtLYK4 but not AtCERK1 are phosphorylated by AtCPK5 and AtCPK6 in vitro. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and in vitro kinase assay identified that Ser-323 and Ser-542 of AtLYK5 are important phosphorylation residues by AtCPK5. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing either AtLYK5-S323A or AtLYK5-S542A in the atlyk5-2 mutant only partially rescue the defects in chitin-triggered MPK3/MPK6 phosphorylation. Overexpression of AtCPK5 could increase AtCERK1 protein level after chitin treatment. These data proposed a model in which AtCPK5 directly phosphorylates AtLYK5 and regulates chitin-induced defense responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Zhang H, Zhang H, Lin J. Systemin-mediated long-distance systemic defense responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1573-1582. [PMID: 32083726 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemin, a peptide plant hormone of 18 amino acids, coordinates local and systemic immune responses. The activation of the canonical systemin-mediated systemic signaling pathway involves systemin release from its precursor prosystemin, systemin binding to its membrane receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), and the transport of long-distance signaling molecules, including jasmonic acid, the prosystemin mRNA, volatile organic compounds and possibly systemin itself. Here, we review emerging evidence that the disordered structure and unconventional processing and secretion of systemin contribute to the regulation of systemin-mediated signaling during plant defense. We highlight recent advances in systemin research, which elucidated how cells integrate multiple long-distance signals into the systemic defense response. In addition, we discuss the perception of systemin by SYR1 and its mediation of downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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26
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Dynamics and Endocytosis of Flot1 in Arabidopsis Require CPI1 Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051552. [PMID: 32106431 PMCID: PMC7084554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains are nano-scale domains (10–200 nm) enriched in sterols and sphingolipids. They have many important biological functions, including vesicle transport, endocytosis, and pathogen invasion. A previous study reported that the membrane microdomain-associated protein Flotillin1 (Flot1) was involved in plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, whether sterols affect the plant immunity conveyed by Flot1 is unknown. Here, we showed that the root length in sterol-deficient cyclopropylsterol isomerase 1 (cpi1-1) mutants expressing Flot1 was significantly shorter than in control seedlings. The cotyledon epidermal cells in cpi1-1 mutants expressing Flot1 were smaller than in controls. Moreover, variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM) and single-particle tracking (SPT) analysis demonstrated that the long-distance Flot1-GFP movement was decreased significantly in cpi1-1 mutants compared with the control seedlings. Meanwhile, the value of the diffusion coefficient Ĝ was dramatically decreased in cpi1-1 mutants after flagelin22 (flg22) treatment compared with the control seedlings, indicating that sterols affect the lateral mobility of Flot1-GFP within the plasma membrane. Importantly, using confocal microscopy, we determined that the endocytosis of Flot1-GFP was decreased in cpi1-1 mutants, which was confirmed by fluorescence cross spectroscopy (FCS) analysis. Hence, these results demonstrate that sterol composition plays a critical role in the plant defense responses of Flot1.
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27
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Daněk M, Angelini J, Malínská K, Andrejch J, Amlerová Z, Kocourková D, Brouzdová J, Valentová O, Martinec J, Petrášek J. Cell wall contributes to the stability of plasma membrane nanodomain organization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOTILLIN2 and HYPERSENSITIVE INDUCED REACTION1 proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:619-636. [PMID: 31610051 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current models of plasma membrane (PM) postulate its organization in various nano- and micro-domains with distinct protein and lipid composition. While metazoan PM nanodomains usually display high lateral mobility, the dynamics of plant nanodomains is often highly spatially restricted. Here we have focused on the determination of the PM distribution in nanodomains for Arabidopsis thaliana flotillin (AtFLOT) and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (AtHIR), previously shown to be involved in response to extracellular stimuli. Using in vivo laser scanning and spinning disc confocal microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana we present here their nanodomain localization in various epidermal cell types. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and kymographic analysis revealed that PM-associated AtFLOTs contain significantly higher immobile fraction than AtHIRs. In addition, much lower immobile fractions have been found in tonoplast pool of AtHIR3. Although members of both groups of proteins were spatially restricted in their PM distribution by corrals co-aligning with microtubules (MTs), pharmacological treatments showed no or very low role of actin and microtubular cytoskeleton for clustering of AtFLOT and AtHIR into nanodomains. Finally, pharmacological alteration of cell wall (CW) synthesis and structure resulted in changes in lateral mobility of AtFLOT2 and AtHIR1. Accordingly, partial enzymatic CW removal increased the overall dynamics as well as individual nanodomain mobility of these two proteins. Such structural links to CW could play an important role in their correct positioning during PM communication with extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Angelini
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Andrejch
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Amlerová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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28
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Yu M, Cui Y, Zhang X, Li R, Lin J. Organization and dynamics of functional plant membrane microdomains. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:275-287. [PMID: 31422442 PMCID: PMC11104912 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are heterogeneous and laterally compartmentalized into distinct microdomains. These membrane microdomains consist of special lipids and proteins and are thought to act as signaling platforms. In plants, membrane microdomains have been detected by super-resolution microscopy, and there is evidence that they play roles in several biological processes. Here, we review current knowledge about the lipid and protein components of membrane microdomains. Furthermore, we summarize the dynamics of membrane microdomains in response to different stimuli. We also explore the biological functions associated with membrane microdomains as signal integration hubs. Finally, we outline challenges and questions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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29
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Yu M, Li R, Cui Y, Chen W, Li B, Zhang X, Bu Y, Cao Y, Xing J, Jewaria PK, Li X, Bhalerao R, Yu F, Lin J. The RALF1-FERONIA interaction modulates endocytosis to mediate control of root growth in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev.189902. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.189902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the receptor-like kinase (RLK) FERONIA (FER) and the secreted peptide Rapid Alkalinization Factor 1 (RALF1) is vital for development and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Ligand-induced membrane dynamics affect the function of several RLKs, but the effects of the RALF1-FER interaction on the dynamics of FER and the ensuing effects on its functionality are poorly understood. Here, we show that RALF1 modulated the dynamics and partitioning of FER-GFP at the plasma membrane (PM). Moreover, FER was internalized by both clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) under steady state conditions. After RALF1 treatment, FER-GFP internalization was primarily enhanced via the CME pathway, raising FER-GFP levels in the vacuole. RALF1 treatment also modulated trafficking of other PM proteins such as PIN2-GFP and BRI1-GFP, increasing their vacuolar levels by enhancing their internalization. Importantly, blocking CME attenuated RALF1-mediated root growth inhibition independently of RALF1-induced early signaling, suggesting that the RALF1 can also exert its effects via the CME pathway. These findings reveal that the RALF1-FER interaction modulates plant growth and development and this may also involve endocytosis of PM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufen Bu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Pawan Kumar Jewaria
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu M, Lin J. Single-Molecule Techniques for Imaging Exo-Endocytosis Coupling in Cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:879-880. [PMID: 31279733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10083, China.
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31
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Ekanayake G, LaMontagne ED, Heese A. Never Walk Alone: Clathrin-Coated Vesicle (CCV) Components in Plant Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:387-409. [PMID: 31386597 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
At the host-pathogen interface, the protein composition of the plasma membrane (PM) has important implications for how a plant cell perceives and responds to invading microbial pathogens. A plant's ability to modulate its PM composition is critical for regulating the strength, duration, and integration of immune responses. One mechanism by which plant cells reprogram their cell surface is vesicular trafficking, including secretion and endocytosis. These trafficking processes add or remove cargo proteins (such as pattern-recognition receptors, transporters, and other proteins with immune functions) to or from the PM via small, membrane-bound vesicles. Clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) that form at the PM and trans-Golgi network/early endosomes have emerged as the prominent vesicle type in the regulation of plant immune responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of the CCV core, adaptors, and accessory components in plant defense signaling and immunity against various microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Ekanayake
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Erica D LaMontagne
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA; ,
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32
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Cui Y, Zhang X, Yu M, Zhu Y, Xing J, Lin J. Techniques for detecting protein-protein interactions in living cells: principles, limitations, and recent progress. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:619-632. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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