1
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Tian S, Chen M. The mechanisms and drug therapies of colorectal cancer and epigenetics: bibliometrics and visualized analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1466156. [PMID: 39268463 PMCID: PMC11391208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1466156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have demonstrated a link between epigenetics and CRC. However, there has been no systematic analysis or visualization of relevant publications using bibliometrics. Methods 839 publications obtained from the Web of Science Core (WoSCC) were systematically analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results The results show that the countries, institutions, and authors with the most published articles are the United States, Harvard University, and Ogino and Shuji, respectively. SEPT9 is a blood test for the early detection of colorectal cancer. Vitamin D and gut microbiota mediate colorectal cancer and epigenetics, and probiotics may reduce colorectal cancer-related symptoms. We summarize the specific epigenetic mechanisms of CRC and the current existence and potential epigenetic drugs associated with these mechanisms. It is closely integrated with clinical practice, and the possible research directions and challenges in the future are proposed. Conclusion This study reviews the current research trends and hotspots in CRC and epigenetics, which can promote the development of this field and provide references for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Barathan M, Zulpa AK, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7470. [PMID: 39000577 PMCID: PMC11242358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health challenge, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance being a major obstacle to effective treatment. Despite advancements, resistance to 5-FU remains formidable due to complex mechanisms such as alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, dysregulation of cell cycle dynamics, tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated resistance pathways. Traditional chemotherapy often results in high toxicity, highlighting the need for alternative approaches with better efficacy and safety. Phytochemicals (PCs) and EVs offer promising CRC therapeutic strategies. PCs, derived from natural sources, often exhibit lower toxicity and can target multiple pathways involved in cancer progression and drug resistance. EVs can facilitate targeted drug delivery, modulate the immune response, and interact with the TME to sensitize cancer cells to treatment. However, the potential of PCs and engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance and reshaping the immunosuppressive TME in CRC remains underexplored. Addressing this gap is crucial for identifying innovative therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicities. This review explores the multifaceted mechanisms of 5-FU resistance in CRC and evaluates the synergistic effects of combining PCs with 5-FU to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, it investigates engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance by serving as drug delivery vehicles and modulating the TME. By synthesizing the current knowledge and addressing research gaps, this review enhances the academic understanding of 5-FU resistance in CRC, highlighting the potential of interdisciplinary approaches involving PCs and EVs for revolutionizing CRC therapy. Further research and clinical validation are essential for translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairy Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Wan XH, Jin GB, Yang Q, Hu JL, Liu ZL, Rao J, Wen C, Li PL, Yang XM, Huang B, Wang XZ. Novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis mediates the Warburg effect and proliferation of colon cancer cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2038-2059. [PMID: 38764836 PMCID: PMC11099460 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer (CC) cell proliferation, but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated. AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b. The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated. Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays. The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays. RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC, including stage I, II-III, and IV. Furthermore, the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification. HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells. However, the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b, effectively blocking the Warburg effect. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Wan
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Bing Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Long Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Science and Education Section, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Can Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Peng-Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Mei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Children’s Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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4
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Ahmad A, Mahmood N, Raza MA, Mushtaq Z, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Hussain M, Amjad HW, Al-Awadi HM. Gut microbiota and their derivatives in the progression of colorectal cancer: Mechanisms of action, genome and epigenome contributions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29495. [PMID: 38655310 PMCID: PMC11035079 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacts with host epithelial cells and regulates many physiological functions such as genetics, epigenetics, metabolism of nutrients, and immune functions. Dietary factors may also be involved in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially when an unhealthy diet is consumed with excess calorie intake and bad practices like smoking or consuming a great deal of alcohol. Bacteria including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) actively participate in the carcinogenesis of CRC. Gastrointestinal tract with chronic inflammation and immunocompromised patients are at high risk for CRC progression. Further, the gut microbiota is also involved in Geno-toxicity by producing toxins like colibactin and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) which cause damage to double-stranded DNA. Specific microRNAs can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the cellular environment in which they are expressed. The current review mainly highlights the role of gut microbiota in CRC, the mechanisms of several factors in carcinogenesis, and the role of particular microbes in colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmad
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahtisham Raza
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zarina Mushtaq
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Wasiqe Amjad
- International Medical School, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Farsi A, Yusuf AS, Alharthi A, Qahl SH, Alghamdi MA, Alzahrani FA, Elgaddar OH, Ibrahim MA, Bahieldin A. Molecular detection of exosomal miRNAs of blood serum for prognosis of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8902. [PMID: 38632250 PMCID: PMC11024162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer affecting people. The discovery of new, non-invasive, specific, and sensitive molecular biomarkers for CRC may assist in the diagnosis and support therapeutic decision making. Exosomal miRNAs have been demonstrated in carcinogenesis and CRC development, which makes these miRNAs strong biomarkers for CRC. Deep sequencing allows a robust high-throughput informatics investigation of the types and abundance of exosomal miRNAs. Thus, exosomal miRNAs can be efficiently examined as diagnostic biomarkers for disease screening. In the present study, a number of 660 mature miRNAs were detected in patients diagnosed with CRC at different stages. Of which, 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in CRC patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-nine miRNAs with high abundance levels were further selected for subsequent analysis. These miRNAs were either highly up-regulated (e.g., let-7a-5p, let-7c-5p, let-7f-5p, let-7d-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-3184-5p, and miR-584) or down-regulated (e.g., miR-30a-5p, miR-99-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-26-5p and miR-204-5p). These miRNAs influence critical genes in CRC, leading to either tumor growth or suppression. Most of the reported diagnostic exosomal miRNAs were shown to be circulating in blood serum. The latter is a novel miRNA that was found in exosomal profile of blood serum. Some of the predicted target genes of highly expressed miRNAs participate in several cancer pathways, including CRC pathway. These target genes include tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Main focus was given to multiple critical signaling cross-talking pathways including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways that are directly linked to CRC. In conclusion, we recommend further analysis in order to experimentally confirm exact relationships between selected differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes and downstream functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jedaah, Saudi Arabia
- Neuroscience and Geroscience Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Central lab of biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, 21461, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa H Qahl
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Ali Alghamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Alzahrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola H Elgaddar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohanad A Ibrahim
- Data Science Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Rezkitha YAA, Panenggak NSR, Lusida MI, Rianda RV, Mahmudah I, Pradana AD, Uchida T, Miftahussurur M. Detecting colorectal cancer using genetic and epigenetic biomarkers: screening and diagnosis. J Med Life 2024; 17:4-14. [PMID: 38737656 PMCID: PMC11080499 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer, with high incidence rates and mortality globally. The extended timeframe for developing CRC allows for the potential screening and early identification of the disease. Furthermore, studies have shown that survival rates for patients with cancer are increased when diagnoses are made at earlier stages. Recent research suggests that the development of CRC, including its precancerous lesion, is influenced not only by genetic factors but also by epigenetic variables. Studies suggest epigenetics plays a significant role in cancer development, particularly CRC. While this approach is still in its early stages and faces challenges due to the variability of CRC, it shows promise as a potential method for understanding and addressing the disease. This review examined the current evidence supporting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for screening and diagnosis. In addition, we also discussed the feasibility of translating these methodologies into clinical settings. Several markers show promising potential, including the methylation of vimentin (VIM), syndecan-2 (SDC2), and septin 9 (SEPT9). However, their application as screening and diagnostic tools, particularly for early-stage CRC, has not been fully optimized, and their effectiveness needs validation in large, multi-center patient populations. Extensive trials and further investigation are required to translate genetic and epigenetic biomarkers into practical clinical use. biomarkers, diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syahadati Retno Panenggak
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Indonesia-Japan Collaborative Research Center for Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Raissa Virgy Rianda
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isna Mahmudah
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Doni Pradana
- Department of Emergency Services, Kendal Islamic Hospital, Kendal, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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7
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Sheikhnia F, Maghsoudi H, Majidinia M. The Critical Function of microRNAs in Developing Resistance against 5- Fluorouracil in Cancer Cells. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:601-617. [PMID: 37642002 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230825144150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advancements in cancer treatment, resistance and recurrence in patients make it one of the leading causes of death worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an antimetabolite agent, is widely used in treating a broad range of human malignancies. The cytotoxic effects of 5-FU are mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS/TS), resulting in the suppression of essential biosynthetic activity, as well as the misincorporation of its metabolites into RNA and DNA. Despite its huge benefits in cancer therapy, the application of 5-FU in the clinic is restricted due to the occurrence of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that act as negative regulators in many gene expression processes. Research has shown that changes in miRNA play a role in cancer progression and drug resistance. This review examines the role of miRNAs in 5-FU drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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8
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Abd El Fattah YK, Abulsoud AI, AbdelHamid SG, AbdelHalim S, Hamdy NM. CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 interaction: In-silico and clinically implicated in CRC progression, correlated to tumor stage and size in case-controlled study; step toward ncRNA precision. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126739. [PMID: 37690651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Unravel the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 in CRC hsa-miR-143-3p, downstream protein HMGA2 interaction arm, association with clinicopathological characteristics. Using peripheral blood as liquid biopsy from 60 CRC patients and 30 controls. The expression levels of CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p detected by qRT-PCR. CCDC144NL-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC patients' sera, associated with worse CRC clinicopathological features regarding the depth of tumor invasion and highly significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 and tumor stages 2 and 4. While, hsa-miR-143-3p expression was downregulated in CRC patients by 4.5-fold change when compared to the control subjects (p < 0.0001) and HMGA2 increased in CRC patients than controls 19.59 ng/μL and 5.377 ng/μL, respectively (p < 0.0001) with significant difference between tumor stages 3 and 4 as well as tumor stages 2 and 4. CRC patients with large tumor size showed upregulation in CCDC144NL-AS1 expression and HMGA2 levels compared to those with small tumor size (p-value = 0.0365 and 0.013, respectively). CCDC144NL-AS1 and HMGA2 were positively correlated, whereas lncRNA CCDC144NL-AS1 and hsa-miR-143-3p were negatively correlated. Conclusion: As an interaction arm CCDC144NL-AS1/hsa-miR-143-3p/HMGA2 were correlated to CRC stages 2-4. Therefore, this interaction arm expression clinically and in silico approved, would direct treatment precision in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine K Abd El Fattah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, 11785, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boy's Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan G AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif AbdelHalim
- Department of General surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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9
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Sardari A, Usefi H. Machine learning-based meta-analysis of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290192. [PMID: 38134011 PMCID: PMC10745176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, resulting in numerous cancer-related deaths. CRC detection, treatment, and prevention can be improved by identifying genes and biomarkers. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms of CRC remain elusive, and previously identified biomarkers have not yielded satisfactory insights. This shortfall may be attributed to the predominance of univariate analysis methods, which overlook potential combinations of variants and genes contributing to disease development. Here, we address this knowledge gap by presenting a novel multivariate machine-learning strategy to pinpoint genes associated with CRC. Additionally, we applied our analysis pipeline to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), as IBD patients face substantial CRC risk. The importance of the identified genes was substantiated by rigorous validation across numerous independent datasets. Several of the discovered genes have been previously linked to CRC, while others represent novel findings warranting further investigation. A Python implementation of our pipeline can be accessed publicly at https://github.com/AriaSar/CRCIBD-ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Sardari
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Hamid Usefi
- Department of Computer Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
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10
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Franz C, Jötten L, Wührl M, Hartmann S, Klupp F, Schmidt T, Schneider M. Protective effect of miR-18a in resected liver metastases of colorectal cancer and FOLFOX treatment. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1899. [PMID: 37698257 PMCID: PMC10728504 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer ranks second in terms of cancer associated deaths worldwide, whereas miRNA play a pivotal role in the etiology of cancer and its metastases. AIMS Studying the expression and cellular function of miR-18a in metastatic colorectal cancer and association to progression-free survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Colorectal liver metastases (N = 123) and primary colorectal cancer (N = 27) where analyzed by RT-PCR and correlated with clinical follow up data. Invasion and migration assays were performed with the liver metastatic cell line LIM2099 after miR-18a knockdown. Cell viability under FOLFOX treatment and knockdown was measured. We found that the expression of miR-18a was increased 4.38-fold in liver metastases and 3.86-fold in colorectal tumor tissue compared to healthy liver tissue and colorectal mucosa, respectively (p ≤ .001). Patients with a high miR-18a expression in liver metastases had a progression-free survival (PFS) of 13.6 months versus 8.9 months in patients with low expression (N = 123; p = .024). In vitro migration of LIM2099 cells was reduced after miR-18a knockdown and cell viability was significantly increased after miR-18a knockdown and treatment with folinic acid or oxaliplatin. Subgroup analysis of PFS revealed significant benefits for patients with high miR-18a expression receiving 5-FU, folinic acid or oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS High expression of miR-18a in colorectal liver metastases might have a protective effect after resection of metastases and FOLFOX treatment regarding PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Franz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila Jötten
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wührl
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Hartmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tariq L, Arafah A, Sehar N, Ali A, Khan A, Rasool I, Rashid SM, Ahmad SB, Beigh S, Dar TUH, Rehman MU. Novel insights on perils and promises of miRNA in understanding colon cancer metastasis and progression. Med Oncol 2023; 40:282. [PMID: 37639075 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest frequent malignancy and ultimate critical source of cancer-associated mortality around the world. Regardless of latest advances in molecular and surgical targeted medicines that have increased remedial effects in CRC patients, the 5-year mortality rate for CRC patients remains dismally low. Evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) execute an essential part in the development and spread of CRC. The miRNAs are a type of short non-coding RNA that exhibited to control the appearance of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. miRNA expression profiling is already being utilized in clinical practice as analytical and prognostic biomarkers to evaluate cancer patients' tumor genesis, advancement, and counteraction to drugs. By modulating their target genes, dysregulated miRNAs are linked to malignant characteristics (e.g., improved proliferative and invasive capabilities, cell cycle aberration, evasion of apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis). This review presents an updated summary of circulatory miRNAs, tumor-suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs, and the potential reasons for dysregulated miRNAs in CRC. Further we will explore the critical role of miRNAs in CRC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 183254, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iyman Rasool
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Karanagar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Saba Beigh
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Al Baha University, 65431, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, 183254, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Li W, Jiang X, Zhao L. Hsa_circ_0028007 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the miR-1179/SQLE axis. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230632. [PMID: 37554147 PMCID: PMC10404895 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most ordinary malignant tumors. Current research has suggested that circular RNAs play an important role in tumor genesis and progression. The purpose of this study is to explore the function and underlying mechanisms of circ_0028007 in NPC. The levels of circ_0028007, miR-1179, and Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay and thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Relevant kits detected caspase-3, glucose, and lactate levels. Western blot assay was used to detect the related protein content. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to examine the target relationship between miR-1179 and circ_0028007 or SQLE. circ_0028007 and SQLE were highly expressed in NPC, while miR-1179 was lowly expressed. circ_0028007 silencing inhibited NPC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. However, the effect of circ_0028007 down-regulation on NPC cells was partially restored by co-transfection with miR-1179 inhibitor. Overexpression of SQLE partially restored the cell proliferation inhibited by circ_0028007 knockdown. circ_0028007 could regulate NPC progression via the miR-1179/SQLE axis. Therefore, circ_0028007 might be a new therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuwen Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Santos DAR, Gaiteiro C, Santos M, Santos L, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Lima L. MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11023. [PMID: 37446201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A R Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Santos
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Lima
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Huang S, Song C, Miao J, Zhu X, Jia Y, Liu Y, Fu D, Li B, Miao M, Duan S, Zhang Z, Hu Y. Red Blood Cell Membrane-coated Functionalized Au Nanocage as a Biomimetic Platform for Improved MicroRNA Delivery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2023:123044. [PMID: 37178790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression is closely related to cancers and managing miRNA expression holds great promise for cancer therapy. However, their wide clinical application has been hampered by their poor stability, short half-life and non-specific biodistribution in vivo. Herein, a novel biomimetic platform designated as RHAuNCs-miRNA for improved miRNA delivery was prepared through wrapping miRNA-loaded functionalized Au nanocages (AuNCs) with red blood cell (RBC) membrane. RHAuNCs-miRNA not only successfully loaded miRNAs but also effectively protected them from enzymatic degradation. With good stability, RHAuNCs-miRNA had the characteristics of photothermal conversion and sustained release. Cellular uptake of RHAuNCs-miRNA by SMMC-7721 cells was in a time-dependent manner via clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. The uptake of RHAuNCs-miRNAs was affected by cell types and improved by mild near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. More importantly, RHAuNCs-miRNA exhibited a prolonged circulation time without the occurrence of accelerated blood clearance (ABC) in vivo, resulting in efficient delivery to tumor tissues. This study may demonstrate the great potential of RHAuNCs-miRNA for improved miRNAs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Huang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Song
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China
| | - Yongyan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Dongjun Fu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Benyi Li
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United State
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450046, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Efficacy, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, PR China.
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
| | - Yurong Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
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15
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Deregulation of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E Signaling Axis Shows High Functional Impact in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097779. [PMID: 37175484 PMCID: PMC10178228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-19b is deregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), predicting worse outcome and disease progression in CRC patients, and acting as a promising prognostic marker of patient recurrence and pathological response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in LARC. Moreover, there is a strong inverse correlation between miR-19b and PPP2R5E in LARC, and both predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy in LARC patients. However, the functional role of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E axis in CRC cells remains to be experimentally evaluated. Here, we confirm with luciferase assays that miR-19b is a direct negative regulator of PPP2R5E in CRC, which is concordant with the observed decreased PP2A activity levels after miR-19b overexpression. Furthermore, PPP2R5E downregulation plays a key role mediating miR-19b-induced oncogenic effects, increasing cell viability, colonosphere formation ability, and the migration of CRC cells. Lastly, we also confirm the role of miR-19b mediating 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells through negative PPP2R5E regulation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional relevance of the miR-19b/PPP2R5E signaling pathway in disease progression, and its potential therapeutic value determining the 5-FU response of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital "Fundación Jiménez Díaz", UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Sugai T, Sugimoto R, Eizuka M, Osakabe M, Yamada S, Yanagawa N, Matsumoto T, Suzuki H. Comprehensive Analysis of microRNA Expression During the Progression of Colorectal Tumors. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:813-823. [PMID: 35674995 PMCID: PMC10011343 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective early diagnostic biomarkers are available for colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we sought to identify new biomarkers that could identify CRC from progression as a pre-cancerous lesion to its invasive form. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRs) are associated with the onset of cancer invasion and progression. AIMS We hypothesized that the identification of miRs associated with CRC might be useful to detect this disease at early stages. METHODS We conducted an integrated analysis of 79 isolated colorectal tumor glands, including adenomas, intramucosal cancers, and invasive CRCs that showed a microsatellite stable phenotype using GeneChip miRNA 4.0 microarray assays. The colorectal tumors we examined were divided into 2 cohorts (42 in the first cohort and 37 in the second cohort). RESULTS First, cluster analysis was performed to stratify expression patterns of multiple miRs that were pooled according to the following criteria: fold change in expression (< -2.0 or > 2.0), p < 0.05, and mature miRs. As a result, the expression patterns of pooled miRs were subdivided into 3 subgroups that were correlated with tumor grade. Each subgroup was characterized by specific miRs. In addition, we found that specific miRs, including miR-140-3p and miR-378i, were closely associated with cancer invasion. Finally, we analyzed paired dysregulated miRs between adenomatous and cancerous components present within the same tumor. DISCUSSION We showed that several miRs were dysregulated during progression from adenoma to intramucosal cancer. Specific miRs may have key roles in progression from intramucosal tumor to invasive CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Makoto Eizuka
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Shun Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 2-1-1, Shiwagun, Yahabachou, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Cyuuouku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
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CircBNC2 affects epithelial ovarian cancer progression through the miR-223-3p/ LARP4 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:384-394. [PMID: 36730544 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most serious cancer. Circular RNA BNC2 (circBNC2) expression was decreased in EOC tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of circBNC2 remains unknown. The expression of circBNC2, microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p), and La-related proteins 4 ( LARP4 ) were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR (qRT-PCR). A series of in-vitro experiments were designed to explore the function of circBNC2 in EOC cells and the regulatory mechanism between circBNC2 and miR-223-3p and LARP4 in EOC cells. Western blot examined the protein levels of Snail1, Slug, and LARP4 . The relationship between miR-223-3p and circBNC2 or LARP4 was verified by Dual-luciferase reporter assays. The xenotransplantation model was established to study the role of circBNC2 in vivo . The expression of circBNC2 and LARP4 was decreased in EOC tissues, while the expression of miR-223-3p was increased. CircBNC2 can sponge miR-223-3p, and LARP4 is the target of miR-223-3p. In-vitro complement experiments showed that overexpression of circBNC2 significantly decreased the malignant behavior of EOC, while co-transfection of miR-223-3p mimics partially upregulated this change. In addition, LARP4 knockdown increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EOC cells inhibited by miR-223-3p inhibitor. Mechanically, circBNC2 regulates LARP4 expression in EOC cells by spongy miR-223-3p. In addition, in-vivo studies have shown that overexpression of circBNC2 inhibits tumor growth. Overexpression of circBNC2 decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of EOC cells by regulating the miR-223-3p/ LARP4 axis, suggesting that circBNC2/miR-223-3p/ LARP4 axis may be a potential regulatory mechanism for the treatment of EOC.
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Yang IP, Yip KL, Chang YT, Chen YC, Huang CW, Tsai HL, Yeh YS, Wang JY. MicroRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy: A Narrative Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051358. [PMID: 36900159 PMCID: PMC10000071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. The underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis in CRC is complex, involving genetic, lifestyle-related, and environmental factors. Although radical resection with adjuvant FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have remained mainstays of treatment for patients with stage III CRC and locally advanced rectal cancer, respectively, the oncological outcomes of these treatments are often unsatisfactory. To improve patients' chances of survival, researchers are actively searching for new biomarkers to facilitate the development of more effective treatment strategies for CRC and metastatic CRC (mCRC). MicroRNAs (miRs), small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, can post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation. Recent studies have documented aberrant miR levels in patients with CRC or mCRC, and some miRs are reportedly associated with chemoresistance or radioresistance in CRC. Herein, we present a narrative review of the literature on the roles of oncogenic miRs (oncomiRs) and tumor suppressor miRs (anti-oncomiRs), some of which can be used to predict the responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, miRs may serve as potential therapeutic targets because their functions can be manipulated using synthetic antagonists and miR mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ping Yang
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Ling Yip
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung 90054, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Circ_0001777 Affects Triple-negative Breast Cancer Progression Through the miR-95-3p/AKAP12 Axis. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:143-154. [PMID: 36513585 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is 1 of the most serious cancer. Circular RNA_0001777 (circ_0001777) expression was decreased in TNBC tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of circ_0001777 remains unknown. METHODS The expression of circ_0001777, microRNA-95-3p (miR-95-3p) and A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12) were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A series of in vitro experiments were designed to explore the function of circ_0001777 in TNBC cells and the regulatory mechanism between circ_0001777 and miR-95-3p and AKAP12 in TNBC cells. Western blot examined the relative protein levels in TNBC cells. Bioinformatics prediction site predicted the relationship between miR-95-3p and circ_0001777 or AKAP12 and was verified by Dual-luciferase reporter assays. The xenotransplantation model was established to study the role of circ_0001777 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circ_0001777 and AKAP12 was decreased in TNBC tissues, while the expression of miR-95-3p was increased. Circ_0001777 can sponge miR-95-3p, and AKAP12 is the target of miR-95-3p. In vitro complement experiments, overexpression of circ_0001777 significantly decreased the malignant behavior of TNBC, while co-transfection of miR-95-3p partially up-regulated this change. In addition, AKAP12 knockdown increased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells inhibited by overexpression of circ_0001777. Mechanically, circ_0001777 regulates AKAP12 expression in TNBC cells by sponge miR-95-3p. In addition, in vivo studies have shown that overexpression of circ_0001777 inhibits tumor growth. CONCLUSION Overexpression of circ_0001777 decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells by regulating the miR-95-3p/AKAP12 axis, suggesting that circ_0001777/miR-95-3p/AKAP12 axis may be a potential regulatory mechanism for the treatment of TNBC.
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Ruochen Y, Wenbin J, Chao G, Yuhua Y, Feng Q. SGMS1-AS1/MicroRNA-106a-5p/CPT2 Axis as a Novel Target for Regulating Lactate Metabolism in Colon Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231212071. [PMID: 37926998 PMCID: PMC10629329 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231212071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The malignant transformation of cells can lead to aerobic glycolysis, an important form of metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer cells, which can cause the accumulation of lactate and accelerate the proliferation of tumor cells also enhance their chemotherapy drug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the increased lactate expression in colon cancer. METHODS Several bioinformatics methods, including differential analysis, gene ontology enrichment, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to find the lactic acid-related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. We analyzed the relationship between carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and clinical features as well as immune microenvironment. To further explore the mechanism of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 in colon cancer, we performed methylation analysis and constructed a competitive endogenous RNA network, which was validated in cell lines and clinical specimens. RESULTS We used bioinformatics to select the lactic acid-related gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and found low expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 was associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. An inhibitory tumor microenvironment was created when carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 expression was reduced, with decreased CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts. Methylation analysis showed that the abnormal decrease in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 might be caused by hypermethylation. We constructed a network of SGMS1-AS1/microRNA-106a-5p/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and verified their expression in cell lines and clinical specimens. CONCLUSION Our work revealed the possible mechanism of lactate accumulation in colon cancer and explored a new potential treatment for colon cancer by cutting off aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ruochen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wenbin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Gao Chao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuhua
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Site, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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21
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D'costa M, Bothe A, Das S, Udhaya Kumar S, Gnanasambandan R, George Priya Doss C. CDK regulators—Cell cycle progression or apoptosis—Scenarios in normal cells and cancerous cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:125-177. [PMID: 37061330 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) interact with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) to control the catalytic activity. CDKs are essential controllers of RNA transcription and cell cycle advancement. The ubiquitous overactivity of the cell cycle CDKs is caused by a number of genetic and epigenetic processes in human cancer, and their suppression can result in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review focused on CDKs, describing their kinase activity, their role in phosphorylation inhibition, and CDK inhibitory proteins (CIP/KIP, INK 4, RPIC). We next compared the role of different CDKs, mainly p21, p27, p57, p16, p15, p18, and p19, in the cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer cells with respect to normal cells. The current work also draws attention to the use of CDKIs as therapeutics, overcoming the pharmacokinetic barriers of pan-CDK inhibitors, analyze new chemical classes that are effective at attacking the CDKs that control the cell cycle (cdk4/6 or cdk2). It also discusses CDKI's drawbacks and its combination therapy against cancer patients. These findings collectively demonstrate the complexity of cancer cell cycles and the need for targeted therapeutic intervention. In order to slow the progression of the disease or enhance clinical outcomes, new medicines may be discovered by researching the relationship between cell death and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'costa
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Bothe
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Gnanasambandan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Long non-coding FAM201A accelerates the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer through miR-3163/MACC1 axis. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101490. [PMID: 36067543 PMCID: PMC9468577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM201A expression level was significantly enhanced in CRC cells. Knockdown of FAM201A restrained cell growth, stemness and promoted chemoresistance. FAM201A modulated MACC1 expression level via competing for miR-3163. Animal assay certified that FAM201A expedited CRC cell growth in vivo.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading contributor to cancer-relevant deaths worldwide with severe incidence and mortality. An extensive body of evidence has demonstrated that lncRNA plays a critical role in the oncogenicity of CRC. Despite the oncogenic function of FAM201A in esophageal squamous cell cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, the potential of FAM201A in CRC progression remains unknown. FAM201A expression level was significantly enhanced in CRC cells compared with normal cells. Further, functional experiments illustrated that knockdown of FAM201A restrained cell growth, stemness and promoted chemoresistance of CRC cells. By exploring molecular mechanism of FAM201A, we found that FAM201A acted as a sponge of miR-3163. More importantly, oncogene MACC1 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-3163 and FAM201A modulated MACC1 expression level via competing for miR-3163. Subsequently, we testified that FAM201A exerted its role in the tumorigenesis and development of CRC through targeting miR-3163/MACC1. Animal assay certified that FAM201A expedited CRC cell growth in vivo. In conclusion, our study was the first to unveil that FAM201A promoted cell proliferation and CSC characteristics in CRC via regulation of the miR-3163/MACC1 axis, which provided clues for the clinical treatment of patients with this disease.
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Santos A, Cristóbal I, Rubio J, Caramés C, Luque M, Sanz-Álvarez M, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. MicroRNA-19b Plays a Key Role in 5-Fluorouracil Resistance and Predicts Tumor Progression in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012447. [PMID: 36293302 PMCID: PMC9604503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard clinical management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients includes neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by mesorectal excision. MicroRNA (miR)-19b expression levels in LARC biopsies obtained from initial colonoscopy have recently been identified as independent predictors of both patient outcome and pathological response to preoperative CRT in this disease. Moreover, it has been discovered that this miR increases its expression in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells after 5-FU exposure. Despite the fact that these observations suggest a functional role of miR-19b modulating 5-FU response of LARC cells, this issue still remains to be clarified. Here, we show that downregulation of miR-19b enhances the antitumor effects of 5-FU treatment. Moreover, ectopic miR-19b modulation was able to restore sensitivity to 5-FU treatment using an acquired resistant model to this compound. Notably, we also evaluated the potential clinical impact of miR-19b as a predictive marker of disease progression after tumor surgery resection in LARC patients, observing that miR-19b overexpression significantly anticipates patient recurrence in our cohort (p = 0.002). Altogether, our findings demonstrate the functional role of miR-19b in the progressively decreasing sensitivity to 5-FU treatment and its potential usefulness as a therapeutic target to overcome 5-FU resistance, as well as its clinical impact as predictor of tumor progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santos
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ion Cristóbal
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
| | - Jaime Rubio
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Caramés
- Cancer Unit for Research on Novel Therapeutic Targets, Oncohealth Institute, Health Research Institute (IIS)—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melani Luque
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Álvarez
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Zazo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology Department, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS—Fundación Jiménez Díaz—UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915-504-800 (I.C. & J.G.-F.)
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Khayami R, Goltzman D, Rabbani SA, Kerachian MA. Epigenomic effects of vitamin D in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1213-1228. [PMID: 36325830 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates a plethora of physiological processes in the human body and has been proposed to exert several anticancer effects. Epigenetics plays an important role in regulating vitamin D actions. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the understanding of different epigenetic factors such as lncRNAs, miRNAs, methylation and acetylation influenced by vitamin D and its downstream targets in colorectal cancer to find more potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how vitamin D exerts anticancer properties through interactions between the vitamin D receptor and genes (e.g., SLC30A10), the microenvironment, microbiota and other factors in colorectal cancer. Developing therapeutic approaches targeting the vitamin D signaling system will be aided by a better knowledge of the epigenetic impact of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khayami
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, On, H3A 1A4, Canada
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Raut JR, Bhardwaj M, Niedermaier T, Miah K, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Assessment of a Serum Microrna Risk Score for Colorectal Cancer among Participants of Screening Colonoscopy at Various Stages of Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152462. [PMID: 35954306 PMCID: PMC9367813 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently derived and validated a serum-based microRNA risk score (miR-score) which predicted colorectal cancer (CRC) occurrence with very high accuracy within 14 years of follow-up in a large population-based cohort. Here, we aimed to assess and compare the distribution of the miR-score among participants of screening colonoscopy at various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were profiled by quantitative-real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction in the serum samples of screening colonoscopy participants with CRC (n = 52), advanced colorectal adenoma (AA, n = 100), non-advanced colorectal adenoma (NAA, n = 88), and participants free of colorectal neoplasms (n = 173). The mean values of the miR-score were compared between groups by the Mann–Whitney U test. The associations of the miR-score with risk for colorectal neoplasms were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. MicroRNA risk scores were significantly higher among participants with AA than among those with NAA (p = 0.027) and those with CRC (p = 0.014), whereas no statistically significant difference was seen between those with NAA and those with no colorectal neoplasms (p = 0.127). When comparing adjacent groups, miR-scores were inversely associated with CRC versus AA and positively associated with AA versus NAA [odds ratio (OR), 0.37 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.86) and OR, 2.22 (95% CI, 1.06–4.64) for the top versus bottom tertiles, respectively]. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that a high miR-score may be indicative of an increased CRC risk by an increased tendency of progression from non-advanced to advanced colorectal neoplasms, along with a change of the miR-patterns after CRC manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi R. Raut
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megha Bhardwaj
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaya Miah
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-421300; Fax: +49-6221-421302
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Quintanilla I, Jung G, Jimeno M, Lozano JJ, Sidorova J, Camps J, Carballal S, Bujanda L, Vera MI, Quintero E, Carrillo-Palau M, Cuatrecasas M, Castells A, Panés J, Ricart E, Moreira L, Balaguer F, Pellisé M. Differentially Deregulated MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Neoplastic Progression in Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00489. [PMID: 35404333 PMCID: PMC10476842 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a potentially life-threatening complication of long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are epigenetic regulators that have been involved in the development of UC-associated CRC. However, their role as potential mucosal biomarkers of neoplastic progression has not been adequately studied. METHODS In this study, we analyzed the expression of 96 preselected miRNAs in human formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue of 52 case biopsies (20 normal mucosa, 20 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 50 control biopsies (10 normal mucosa, 21 sporadic adenomas, and 19 sporadic CRCs) by using Custom TaqMan Array Cards. For validation of deregulated miRNAs, we performed individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 50 cases (13 normal mucosa, 25 dysplasia, and 12 UC-associated CRCs) and 46 controls (7 normal mucosa, 19 sporadic adenomas, and 20 sporadic CRCs). RESULTS Sixty-four miRNAs were found to be differentially deregulated in the UC-associated CRC sequence. Eight of these miRNAs were chosen for further validation. We confirmed miR-31, -106a, and -135b to be significantly deregulated between normal mucosa and dysplasia, as well as across the UC-associated CRC sequence (all P < 0.01). Notably, these miRNAs also confirmed to have a significant differential expression compared with sporadic CRC (all P < 0.05). DISCUSSION UC-associated and sporadic CRCs have distinct miRNA expression patterns, and some miRNAs indicate early neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Quintanilla
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerhard Jung
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireya Jimeno
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Sidorova
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Vera
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Quintero
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marta Carrillo-Palau
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julià Panés
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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miR-106b as an emerging therapeutic target in cancer. Genes Dis 2022; 9:889-899. [PMID: 35685464 PMCID: PMC9170583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise short non-coding RNAs that function in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors or oncogenes and modulate oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer. miRNAs expression alters significantly in several tumor tissues and cancer cell lines. For example, miR-106b functions as an oncogene and increases in multiple cancers. The miR-106b directly targets genes involved in tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastases. This review has focused on the miR-106b function and its downstream target in different cancers and provide perspective into how miR-106 regulates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastases by regulating the tumor suppressor genes. Since miRNAs-based therapies are currently being developed to enhance cancer therapy outcomes, miR-106b could be an attractive and prospective candidate in different cancer types for detection, diagnosis, and prognosis assessment in the tumor.
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28
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Larabee SM, Cheng K, Raufman JP, Hu S. Muscarinic receptor activation in colon cancer selectively augments pro-proliferative microRNA-21, microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 expression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269618. [PMID: 35657974 PMCID: PMC9165902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of M3 subtype muscarinic receptors (M3R) hastens colon cancer progression. As microRNA (miRNA) expression is commonly dysregulated in cancer, we used microarrays to examine miRNA profiles in muscarinic receptor agonist-treated human colon cancer cells. We used quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) to validate microarray results and examine miRNA expression in colon cancers and adjacent normal colon. These assays revealed that acetylcholine (ACh) treatment robustly induced miR-222 expression; miR-222 levels were three-fold higher in cancer compared to normal colon. In kinetic studies, ACh induced a 4.6-fold increase in pri-miR-222 levels within 1 h, while mature miR-222 increased gradually to 1.8-fold within 4 h. To identify post-M3R signaling mediating these actions, we used chemical inhibitors and agonists. ACh-induced increases in pri-miR-222 were attenuated by pre-incubating cells with atropine and inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 MAPK. Treatment with a PKC agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased pri-miR-222 levels, an effect blocked by PKC and p38 MAPK inhibitors, but not by atropine. Notably, treatment with ACh or transfection with miR-222 mimics increased cell proliferation; atropine blocked the effects of ACh but not miR-222. These findings identify a novel mechanism whereby post-M3R PKC/p38 MAPK signaling stimulates miR-222 expression and colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Larabee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kunrong Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shien Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Sukocheva OA, Liu J, Neganova ME, Beeraka NM, Aleksandrova YR, Manogaran P, Grigorevskikh EM, Chubarev VN, Fan R. Perspectives of using microRNA-loaded nanocarriers for epigenetic reprogramming of drug resistant colorectal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:358-375. [PMID: 35623562 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation by microRNAs (miRs) demonstrated a promising therapeutic potential of these molecules to regulate genetic activity in different cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs). The RNA-based therapy does not change genetic codes in tumor cells but can silence oncogenes and/or reactivate inhibited tumor suppressor genes. In many cancers, specific miRs were shown to promote or stop tumor progression. Among confirmed and powerful epigenetic regulators of colon carcinogenesis and development of resistance are onco-miRs, which include let-7, miR-21, miR-22, miR-23a, miR-27a, miR-34, miR-92, miR-96, miR-125b, miR-135b, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-221, miR-421, miR-451, and others. Moreover, various tumor-suppressor miRs (miR-15b-5b, miR-18a, miR-20b, miR-22, miR-96, miR-139-5p, miR-145, miR-149, miR-197, miR-199b, miR-203, miR-214, miR-218, miR-320, miR-375-3p, miR-409-3p, miR-450b-5p, miR-494, miR-577, miR-874, and others) were found silenced in drug-resistant CRCs. Re-expression of tumor suppressor miR is complicated by the chemical nature of miRs that are not long-lasting compounds and require protection from the enzymatic degradation. Several recent studies explored application of miRs using nanocarrier complexes. This study critically describes the most successfully tested nanoparticle complexes used for intracellular delivery of nuclear acids and miRs, including micelles, liposomes, inorganic and polymeric NPs, dendrimers, and aptamers. Nanocarriers shield incorporated miRs and improve the agent stability in circulation. Attachment of antibodies and/or specific peptide or ligands facilitates cell-targeted miR delivery. Addressing in vivo challenges, a broad spectrum of non-toxic materials has been tested and indicated reliable advantages of lipid-based (lipoplexes) and polymer-based liposomes. Recent cutting-edge developments indicated that lipid-based complexes with multiple cargo, including several miRs, are the most effective approach to eradicate drug-resistant tumors. Focusing on CRC-specific miRs, this review provides a guidance and insights towards the most promising direction to achieve dramatic reduction in tumor growth and metastasis using miR-nanocarrier complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China; The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Discipline of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia; Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Yulia R Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, Severnii pr., Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekaterina M Grigorevskikh
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Human Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Street, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Bakhsh T, Alhazmi S, Alburae NA, Farsi A, Alzahrani F, Choudhry H, Bahieldin A. Exosomal miRNAs as a Promising Source of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094855. [PMID: 35563246 PMCID: PMC9103063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currently used to detect CRC, but because of their low sensitivity and specificity, they are considered inadequate diagnostic tools and are used mainly for following up patients for recurrence. It is necessary to detect novel, noninvasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of CRC at earlier stages. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis; for example, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes can play a crucial role in communication between cancer cells and different components of TME, thereby inducing tumor progression. The importance of miRNAs that are sorted into exosomes has recently attracted scientists’ attention. Some unique sequences of miRNAs are favorably packaged into exosomes, and it has been illustrated that particular miRNAs can be directed into exosomes by special mechanisms that occur inside the cells. This review illustrates and discusses the sorted and transported exosomal miRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and their impact on CRC progression as well as their potential use as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jeddah University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Najla Ali Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Ali Farsi
- Department of Surgry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alzahrani
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Embryonic Stem Cells Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Centre of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.B.)
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31
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Lofft Z, Taibi A, Massara P, Tokar T, Paetau‐Robinson I, Khoo C, Comelli EM. Cranberry proanthocyanidin and its microbial metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, but not 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionic acid, partially reverse pro‐inflammatory microRNA responses in human intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100853. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Lofft
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto ON Canada
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto ON Canada
| | - Paraskevi Massara
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto ON Canada
- Translational Medicine Program Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Krembil Research Institute University Health Network Toronto ON M5T 0S8 Canada
| | | | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc. Lakeville‐Middleboro MA USA
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto ON Canada
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition University of Toronto ON Canada
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32
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Høye E, Fromm B, Böttger PHM, Domanska D, Torgunrud A, Lund-Andersen C, Abrahamsen TW, Fretland Å, Dagenborg VJ, Lorenz S, Edwin B, Hovig E, Flatmark K. A comprehensive framework for analysis of microRNA sequencing data in metastatic colorectal cancer. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcab051. [PMID: 35047825 PMCID: PMC8759566 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to all hallmarks of cancer, miRNA dysregulation in metastasis remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to reliably identify miRNAs associated with metastatic progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) using novel and previously published next-generation sequencing (NGS) datasets generated from 268 samples of primary (pCRC) and metastatic CRC (mCRC; liver, lung and peritoneal metastases) and tumor adjacent tissues. Differential expression analysis was performed using a meticulous bioinformatics pipeline, including only bona fide miRNAs, and utilizing miRNA-tailored quality control and processing. Five miRNAs were identified as up-regulated at multiple metastatic sites Mir-210_3p, Mir-191_5p, Mir-8-P1b_3p [mir-141–3p], Mir-1307_5p and Mir-155_5p. Several have previously been implicated in metastasis through involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and hypoxia, while other identified miRNAs represent novel findings. The use of a publicly available pipeline facilitates reproducibility and allows new datasets to be added as they become available. The set of miRNAs identified here provides a reliable starting-point for further research into the role of miRNAs in metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kjersti Flatmark
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +47 22 78 18 63;
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Mechanism of miR-132-3p Promoting Neuroinflammation and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0393-21.2021. [PMID: 34983831 PMCID: PMC8805200 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0393-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major pathology in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is neuron injury induced by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the activation of microglial cells. The objective of this study is to determine the effect and mechanism of miR-132-3p in regulating neuroinflammation and the degeneration of dopaminergic neuron in PD. The expressions of miR-132-3p in brain tissues of PD patients, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse models were detected. The effect of miR-132-3p and GLRX in cell viability, apoptosis and inflammation was verified in BV-2 cells. The activation of Iba1 in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase were detected in PD mouse models and the mobility of mouse models was assessed as well. The targeting relationship between miR-132-3p and GLRX was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Elevated expression of miR-132-3p and decreased expression of GLRX were found in PD patients and cells models. Overexpression of miR-132-3p can induce activation of microglial cells, which can be reversed by GLRX overexpression. Collected evidence in both cell model and mouse models showed the effect of miR-132-3p in enhancing the activation of microglial cells and the loss of microglia cells, which was achieved by mediating GLRX.
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Zhao Z, Zhu A, Bhardwaj M, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Fecal microRNAs, Fecal microRNA Panels, or Combinations of Fecal microRNAs with Fecal Hemoglobin for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Its Precursors: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010065. [PMID: 35008229 PMCID: PMC8750731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Screening for colorectal cancer is effective for the reduction of both CRC incidence and mortality in the population at average risk. The use of innovative and robust biomarkers to enhance the potential of noninvasive CRC screening remains desirable. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the diagnostic performance of fecal miRNA markers for CRC and its precursors. Several studies have reported quite promising results, in particular by combining fecal miRNA measurements with fecal hemoglobin. However, current evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity in the methodology from study design to biosample analysis. Our review is intended to provide a valuable reference for future biomarker studies in early colorectal cancer detection. Looking at fecal miRNAs, we draw attention to the various biases to be avoided or at least minimized, by applying a harmonized methodology including true screening settings and comparable sample pre-analytics, as well as the validation of biomarkers. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Fecal miRNAs have been suggested to be promising biomarkers for CRC early detection. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review on the diagnostic performance of fecal miRNA markers for CRC and its precursors. PubMed and Web of Science were searched to retrieve relevant articles published up to 7 December 2021. Information on study design, characteristics of study population, pre-analytics (sample collection, processing, and storage), fecal miRNA extraction and quantification technologies, and diagnostic performance (including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC)) were summarized. Twenty studies reporting on 31 individual miRNAs and 16 miRNA panels (with 2–9 markers) for CRC diagnosis were identified. Substantial heterogeneity existed regarding stool sample collection, processing, storage, and miRNA extraction and normalization. For two individual miRNAs and one miRNA panel, values ≥ 80% were reported for both sensitivity and specificity; however, none of these results were either internally or externally validated. In a study among fecal immunochemical test-positive cases recruited from a true screening setting, better diagnostic performance was identified and internally validated for a combination panel including two miRNAs, fecal hemoglobin level, and patient age and sex, compared with fecal hemoglobin concentration alone. Fecal miRNAs or miRNA panels, possibly in combination with fecal hemoglobin test, may be promising candidates for noninvasive CRC early detection. However, large prospective and well-designed studies in CRC screening cohorts are required to validate promising miRNAs or miRNA panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Zhu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megha Bhardwaj
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (Z.Z.); (A.Z.)
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.B.); (P.S.-K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-42-1301
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Kudelova E, Holubekova V, Grendar M, Kolkova Z, Samec M, Vanova B, Mikolajcik P, Smolar M, Kudela E, Laca L, Lasabova Z. Circulating miRNA expression over the course of colorectal cancer treatment. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:18. [PMID: 34868358 PMCID: PMC8630815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer type in males and the second-most common cancer type in females, and has the second-highest overall mortality rate worldwide. Approximately 50% of patients in stage I–III develop metastases, mostly localized to the liver. All physiological conditions occurring in the organism are also reflected in the levels of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in patients. miRNAs are a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs consisting of 18–25 nucleotides, which have important roles in various cellular processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a panel of seven circulating miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-210-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-191-5p and miR-16-5p) as biomarkers for monitoring patients undergoing adjuvant treatment of CRC. Total RNA was extracted from the plasma of patients with CRC prior to surgery, in the early post-operative period (n=60) and 3 months after surgery (n=14). The levels of the selected circulating miRNAs were measured with the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR system and fold changes were calculated using the standard ∆∆Cq method. DIANA-miRPath analysis was used to evaluate the role of significantly deregulated miRNAs. The results indicated significant upregulation of miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p and miR-191-5p, and downregulation of miR-16-5p directly after the surgery. In paired follow-up samples, the most significant upregulation was detected for miR-106a-5p and miR-16-5p, and the most significant downregulation was for miR-21-5p. Pathway analysis outlined the role of the differentially expressed miRNAs in cancer development, but the same pathways are also involved in wound healing and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. It may be suggested that these processes should also be considered in studies investigating sensitive and easily detectable circulating biomarkers for recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kudelova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Holubekova
- Biomedical Center in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Grendar
- Biomedical Center in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Kolkova
- Biomedical Center in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbora Vanova
- Biomedical Center in Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikolajcik
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Smolar
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Erik Kudela
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Ludovit Laca
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
| | - Zora Lasabova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin SK-03601, Slovak Republic
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Almeida-Lousada H, Mestre A, Ramalhete S, Price AJ, de Mello RA, Marreiros AD, Neves RPD, Castelo-Branco P. Screening for Colorectal Cancer Leading into a New Decade: The "Roaring '20s" for Epigenetic Biomarkers? Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4874-4893. [PMID: 34898591 PMCID: PMC8628779 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has an important bearing (top five) on cancer incidence and mortality in the world. The etiology of sporadic CRC is related to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in the appearance of cancer hallmarks such as abnormal proliferation, evasion of immune destruction, resistance to apoptosis, replicative immortality, and others, contributing to cancer promotion, invasion, and metastasis. It is estimated that, each year, at least four million people are diagnosed with CRC in the world. Depending on CRC staging at diagnosis, many of these patients die, as CRC is in the top four causes of cancer death in the world. New and improved screening tests for CRC are needed to detect the disease at an early stage and adopt patient management strategies to decrease the death toll. The three pillars of CRC screening are endoscopy, radiological imaging, and molecular assays. Endoscopic procedures comprise traditional colonoscopy, and more recently, capsule-based endoscopy. The main imaging modality remains Computed Tomography (CT) of the colon. Molecular approaches continue to grow in the diversity of biomarkers and the sophistication of the technologies deployed to detect them. What started with simple fecal occult blood tests has expanded to an armamentarium, including mutation detection and identification of aberrant epigenetic signatures known to be oncogenic. Biomarker-based screening methods have critical advantages and are likely to eclipse the classical modalities of imaging and endoscopy in the future. For example, imaging methods are costly and require highly specialized medical personnel. In the case of endoscopy, their invasiveness limits compliance from large swaths of the population, especially those with average CRC risk. Beyond mere discomfort and fear, there are legitimate iatrogenic concerns associated with endoscopy. The risks of perforation and infection make endoscopy best suited for a confirmatory role in cases where there are positive results from other diagnostic tests. Biomarker-based screening methods are largely non-invasive and are growing in scope. Epigenetic biomarkers, in particular, can be detected in feces and blood, are less invasive to the average-risk patient, detect early-stage CRC, and have a demonstrably superior patient follow-up. Given the heterogeneity of CRC as it evolves, optimal screening may require a battery of blood and stool tests, where each can leverage different pathways perturbed during carcinogenesis. What follows is a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature pertaining to the screening and diagnostic protocols used in CRC. Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using keywords including: "Screening", "Diagnosis", and "Biomarkers for CRC". American and European clinical trials in progress were included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Almeida-Lousada
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - André Mestre
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sara Ramalhete
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Aryeh J. Price
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04037-004, Brazil
- Precision Oncology & Health Economics Group (ONCOPRECH), Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Nine of July University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Ana D. Marreiros
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), Campus de Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (H.A.-L.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (R.A.d.M.); (A.D.M.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.P.d.N.); (P.C.-B.); Tel.: +351-231-249-170 (R.P.d.N.); +351-289-800-100 (ext. 7813) (P.C.-B.)
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Wang N, Han X, Yang H, Xia D, Fan Z. miR-6807-5p Inhibited the Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Through Directly Targeting METTL7A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:759192. [PMID: 34790668 PMCID: PMC8591228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tooth tissue regeneration mediated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become the most ideal treatment. Although the known regulatory mechanism and some achievements have been discovered, directional differentiation cannot effectively induce regeneration of tooth tissue. In this study, we intended to explore the function and mechanism of miR-6807-5p and its target gene METTL7A in odontogenic differentiation. Methods: In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin red staining (ARS), and calcium ion quantification were used to detect the odontogenic differentiation of miR-6807-5p and METTL7A. Real-time RT-PCR, western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and pull-down assay with biotinylated miRNA were used to confirm that METTL7A was the downstream gene of miR-6807-5p. Protein mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to detect that SNRNP200 was the co-binding protein of METTL7A. Results: After mineralized induction, the odontogenic differentiation was enhanced in the miR-6807-5p-knockdown group and weakened in the miR-6807-5p-overexpressed group compared with the control group. METTL7A was the downstream target of miR-6807-5p. After mineralized induction, the odontogenic differentiation was weakened in the METTL7A-knockdown group and enhanced in the METTL7A-overexpressed group compared with the control group. SNRNP200 was the co-binding protein of METTL7A. The knockdown of SNRNP200 inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Conclusion: This study verified that miR-6807-5p inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. The binding site of miR-6807-5p was the 3′UTR region of METTL7A, which was silenced by miR-6807-5p. METTL7A promoted the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. SNRNP200, a co-binding protein of METTL7A, promoted the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Expression of CIB1 correlates with colorectal liver metastases but not with peritoneal carcinomatosis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1243. [PMID: 34794407 PMCID: PMC8603526 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with the metastatic route. Patient survival is mainly driven by metastatic spread thus it is imperative to understand its key drivers to develop biomarkers for risk stratification, follow-up protocols and personalized therapy. Thus, this study aimed to identify genes associated with the metastatic route in CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS CRC patients resected at our clinic from 2005 to 2014 and with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included in this analysis and grouped into CRC with hepatic (HEP), peritoneal (PER) or without distant metastases (M0), and HEP/PER. Firstly, tumor RNA of 6 patients each was isolated by microdissection from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and analyzed by a NanoString analysis. Subsequently, these results were validated with immunohistochemistry and correlated to clinicopathological parameters in a larger collective of CRC patients (HEP n = 51, PER n = 44, M0 n = 47, HEP/PER n = 28). RESULTS Compared to M0, HEP tumors showed 20 differentially expressed genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Compared to M0, PER tumors had 18 differentially expressed genes. The finding of different gene signatures was supported by the multidimensional principal component clustering analysis. Tumor perforation did not influence the metastatic route. CIB1 was homogenously and significantly overexpressed in HEP compared to M0 (p < 0.001), but not in PER. Furthermore, immunohistochemical validation demonstrated that the mean CIB1 expression in HEP was 80% higher than in M0 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Gene expression analysis revealed that CIB1 is significantly overexpressed in CRC leading to liver metastases compared to M0 and PER. Thus, the present results suggest that CIB1 may play a crucial role for hematogenous spread to the liver but not for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Consequently, CIB1 seems to be a promising prognostic marker and a potential tool for future targeted therapies as well as early diagnostics and follow-up.
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Farhana A, Koh AEH, Kothandan S, Alsrhani A, Mok PL, Subbiah SK. Treatment of HT29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line with Nanocarrier-Encapsulated Camptothecin Reveals Histone Modifier Genes in the Wnt Signaling Pathway as Important Molecular Cues for Colon Cancer Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212286. [PMID: 34830168 PMCID: PMC8623831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are able to proliferate in an unregulated manner. There are several mechanisms involved that propel such neoplastic transformations. One of these processes involves bypassing cell death through changes in gene expression and, consequently, cell growth. This involves a complex epigenetic interaction within the cell, which drives it towards oncogenic transformations. These epigenetic events augment cellular growth by potentially altering chromatin structures and influencing key gene expressions. Therapeutic mechanisms have been developed to combat this by taking advantage of the underlying oncogenic mechanisms through chemical modulation. Camptothecin (CPT) is an example of this type of drug. It is a selective topoisomerase I inhibitor that is effective against many cancers, such as colorectal cancer. Previously, we successfully formulated a magnetic nanocarrier-conjugated CPT with β-cyclodextrin and iron NPs (Fe3O4) cross-linked using EDTA (CPT-CEF). Compared to CPT alone, it boasts higher efficacy due to its selective targeting and increased solubility. In this study, we treated HT29 colon cancer cells with CPT-CEF and attempted to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the formulation through an epigenetic perspective. By using RNA-Seq, several differentially expressed genes were obtained (p < 0.05). Enrichr was then used for the over-representation analysis, and the genes were compared to the epigenetic roadmap and histone modification database. The results showed that the DEGs had a high correlation with epigenetic modifications involving histone H3 acetylation. Furthermore, a subset of these genes was shown to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is highly upregulated in a large number of cancer cells. These genes could be investigated as downstream therapeutic targets against the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Further interaction analysis of the identified genes with the key genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer identified the direct interactors and a few transcription regulators. Further analysis in cBioPortal confirmed their genetic alterations and their distribution across patient samples. Thus, the findings of this study reveal that colorectal cancer could be reversed by treatment with the CPT-CEF nanoparticle-conjugated nanocarrier through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Avin Ee-Hwan Koh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sangeetha Kothandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India;
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600126, India
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (S.K.S.)
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Fang G, Chen T, Mao R, Huang X, Ji L. Circular RNA circ_0089153 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate colorectal cancer development by the miR-198/SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5664-5678. [PMID: 34516314 PMCID: PMC8806507 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated the implications of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated the functional role and mechanism of circ_0089153 in CRC pathogenesis. The expression levels of circ_0089153, microRNA (miR)-198, and SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) were gauged by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or western blot. Cell proliferation, sphere formation, tube formation, and apoptosis abilities were detected by 5-Ethynyl-2ʹ-Deoxyuridine (EdU), sphere formation, tube formation, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The direct relationship between miR-198 and circ_0089153 or SENP1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The mouse xenograft assays were performed to evaluate the role of circ_0089153 in vivo. Our data showed that circ_0089153 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells. Depletion of circ_0089153 repressed cell proliferation, sphere formation ability, and enhanced cell apoptosis, as well as inhibited tube formation in vitro. Moreover, circ_0089153 depletion diminished tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0089153 targeted miR-198, and the effects of circ_0089153 were mediated by miR-198. SENP1 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-198. Circ_0089153 worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to post-transcriptionally regulate SENP1 expression by miR-198. Our findings identify circ_0089153 as a novel regulator of CRC development through the regulation of the miR-198/SENP1 axis and establish a strong rationale for developing circ_0089153 as a promising therapeutic against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Fang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruibo Mao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaming Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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The association of immunosurveillance and distant metastases in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3333-3341. [PMID: 34476575 PMCID: PMC8484134 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide, but the key driver to distant metastases is still unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the link between immunosurveillance and organotropism of metastases in CRC by evaluating different gene signatures and pathways. Material and methods CRC patients undergoing surgery at the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery at the Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital Munich (Munich, Germany) were screened and categorized into M0 (no distant metastases), HEP (liver metastases) and PER (peritoneal carcinomatosis) after a 5-year follow-up. Six patients of each group were randomly selected to conduct a NanoString analysis, which includes 770 genes. Subsequently, all genes were further analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) based on seven main cancer-associated databases. Results Comparing HEP vs. M0, the gene set associated with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cascade defined by the Reactome database was significantly overrepresented in HEP. HSP90B1, MAPKAPK3, PPP2CB, PPP2R1A were identified as the core enrichment genes. The immunologic signature pathway GSE6875_TCONV_VS_FOXP3_KO_TREG_DN with FOXP3 as downstream target was significantly overexpressed in M0. RB1, TMEM 100, CFP, ZKSCAN5, DDX50 were the core enrichment genes. Comparing PER vs. M0 no significantly differentially expressed gene signatures were identified. Conclusion Chronic inflammation might enhance local tumor growth. This is the first study identifying immune related gene sets differentially expressed between patients with either liver or peritoneal metastases. The present findings suggest that the formation of liver metastases might be associated with TLR-associated pathways. In M0, a high expression of FOXP3 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) seemed to prevent at least in part metastases. Thus, these correlative findings lay the cornerstone to further studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms of organotropism of metastases.
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Luque-Badillo AC, Hernandez-Tapia G, Ramirez-Castillo DA, Espinoza-Serrano D, Cortes-Limon AM, Cortes-Gallardo JP, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rios-Ibarra CP. Gold nanoparticles enhance microRNA 31 detection in colon cancer cells after inhibition with chlorogenic acid. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:742. [PMID: 34466154 PMCID: PMC8387852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the inhibitory effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound with potential antitumor effects, on circulating microRNA 31 (miR-31), was evaluated in RKO colon cancer cells. The capacity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance miR-31 quantification after treatment with CGA was assessed. RKO cells were treated with different concentrations of CGA for 24, 48 and 72 h, after which AuNPs coupled to CD81 were added to the supernatants. Total RNA was extracted, and miR-31 was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results revealed an 85% decrease in miR-31 level following treatment with 1,000 µM CGA for 72 h, and the highest capacity to detect miR-31 (after treatment and isolation with AuNPs + CD81) was observed at 24 h. Furthermore, CGA decreased the expression of the miR-31 oncogene in an in vitro colon cancer model, and the use of AuNPs enhanced the levels of miRNA detection. The results suggest that miR-31 inhibition is one mechanism by which CGA decreases colon cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, AuNPs can increase the capacity of miR-31 quantification, representing a new strategy to develop non-invasive tools for the molecular diagnosis and monitoring of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Luque-Badillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Griselda Hernandez-Tapia
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Dhamar A Ramirez-Castillo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Diego Espinoza-Serrano
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Alan M Cortes-Limon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Juan P Cortes-Gallardo
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
| | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98040, Mexico
| | - Clara P Rios-Ibarra
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Jalisco 45138, Mexico
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Bai J, Zhao J, Al-Ansi W, Wang J, Xue L, Liu J, Wang Y, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Oat β-glucan alleviates DSS-induced colitis via regulating gut microbiota metabolism in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:8976-8993. [PMID: 34382058 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide, while oat β-glucan has been shown to suppress the progress of colitis in UC mice. However, the underlying mechanism of oat β-glucan in ameliorating colitis is unclear and the role of gut microbiota in the protective effect of oat β-glucan against colitis remains unknown. In the present study, we aim to investigate the effect of oat β-glucan on gut microbiota in colitis mice and explore the health effect related mechanism. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce the colitis model in mice. The results showed that β-glucan treatment attenuated hematochezia, splenomegaly and colon shortening in colitis mice. Histological evaluation of H&E and TUNEL staining showed that β-glucan treatment suppressed DSS-induced colonic inflammatory infiltration and reduced cell apoptosis levels of colon tissues. mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors were also significantly reduced in the β-glucan group. Moreover, β-glucan treatment increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins. Analysis of gut microbiota community showed that β-glucan treatment modulated gut microbial composition and structure at the OTU level in colitis mice. Further analysis of gut microbial metabolism revealed that β-glucan treatment significantly increased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations, and affected microbial metabolome in colitis mice. Notably, the increased acetate and propionate concentrations could directly affect pro-inflammatory factor expression levels and tight junction protein levels. In contrast, the changes in metabolic profiles affected pro-inflammatory factor levels and thus affected tight junction protein levels. Overall, our study revealed that oat β-glucan ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice simultaneously through regulating gut-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial metabolic biomarkers. Our study demonstrated that oat β-glucan could be an effective nutritional intervention strategy towards targeting gut microbiota metabolism for ameliorating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Cooking Science and Technology, Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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A microRNA panel compared to environmental and polygenic scores for colorectal cancer risk prediction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4811. [PMID: 34376648 PMCID: PMC8355103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could improve colorectal cancer (CRC) risk prediction. Here, we derive a blood-based miRNA panel and evaluate its ability to predict CRC occurrence in a population-based cohort of adults aged 50-75 years. Forty-one miRNAs are preselected from independent studies and measured by quantitative-real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction in serum collected at baseline of 198 participants who develop CRC during 14 years of follow-up and 178 randomly selected controls. A 7-miRNA score is derived by logistic regression. Its predictive ability, quantified by the optimism-corrected area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve (AUC) using .632+ bootstrap is 0.794. Predictive ability is compared to that of an environmental risk score (ERS) based on known risk factors and a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 140 previously identified single-nucleotide-polymorphisms. In participants with all scores available, optimism-corrected-AUC is 0.802 for the 7-miRNA score, while AUC (95% CI) is 0.557 (0.498-0.616) for the ERS and 0.622 (0.564-0.681) for the PRS.
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Bowen CM, Walter L, Borras E, Wu W, Ozcan Z, Chang K, Bommi PV, Taggart MW, Thirumurthi S, Lynch PM, Reyes-Uribe L, Scheet PA, Sinha KM, Vilar E. Combination of Sulindac and Bexarotene for Prevention of Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:851-862. [PMID: 34266857 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, which results in the development of hundreds of adenomatous polyps carpeting the gastrointestinal tract. NSAIDs have reduced polyp burden in patients with FAP and synthetic rexinoids have demonstrated the ability to modulate cytokine-mediated inflammation and WNT signaling. This study examined the use of the combination of an NSAID (sulindac) and a rexinoid (bexarotene) as a durable approach for reducing FAP colonic polyposis to prevent colorectal cancer development. Whole transcriptomic analysis of colorectal polyps and matched normal mucosa in a cohort of patients with FAP to identify potential targets for prevention in FAP was performed. Drug-dose synergism of sulindac and bexarotene in cell lines and patient-derived organoids was assessed, and the drug combination was tested in two different mouse models. This work explored mRNA as a potential predictive serum biomarker for this combination in FAP. Overall, transcriptomic analysis revealed significant activation of inflammatory and cell proliferation pathways. A synergistic effect of sulindac (300 μmol/L) and bexarotene (40 μmol/L) was observed in FAP colonic organoids with primary targeting of polyp tissue compared with normal mucosa. This combination translated into a significant reduction in polyp development in ApcMin/+ and ApcLoxP/+-Cdx2 mice. Finally, the reported data suggest miRNA-21 could serve as a predictive serum biomarker for polyposis burden in patients with FAP. These findings support the clinical development of the combination of sulindac and bexarotene as a treatment modality for patients with FAP. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study identified a novel chemopreventive regimen combining sulindac and bexarotene to reduce polyposis in patients with FAP using in silico tools, ex vivo, and in vivo models. This investigation provides the essential groundwork for moving this drug combination forward into a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Bowen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lewins Walter
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ester Borras
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zuhal Ozcan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle Chang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prashant V Bommi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa W Taggart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Selvi Thirumurthi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M Lynch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Krishna M Sinha
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Genomic, Microbial and Immunological Microenvironment of Colorectal Polyps. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143382. [PMID: 34298598 PMCID: PMC8303543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancers (CRC) initiate from small cell clusters known as polyps. Colonoscopic surveillance and removal of polyps is an important strategy to prevent CRC progression. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have highlighted genetic mutations in polyps that potentially contribute to CRC development. However, CRC might be considered more than a genetic disease, as emerging evidence describes early changes to immune surveillance and gut microbiota in people with polyps. Here, we review the molecular landscape of colorectal polyps, considering their genomic, microbial and immunological features, and discuss the potential clinical utility of these data. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from pre-cancerous cellular lesions in the gut epithelium, known as polyps. Polyps themselves arise through the accumulation of mutations that disrupt the function of key tumour suppressor genes, activate proto-oncogenes and allow proliferation in an environment where immune control has been compromised. Consequently, colonoscopic surveillance and polypectomy are central pillars of cancer control strategies. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have enhanced our knowledge of key driver mutations in polyp lesions that likely contribute to CRC. In accordance with the prognostic significance of Immunoscores for CRC survival, there is also a likely role for early immunological changes in polyps, including an increase in regulatory T cells and a decrease in mature dendritic cell numbers. Gut microbiotas are under increasing research interest for their potential contribution to CRC evolution, and changes in the gut microbiome have been reported from analyses of adenomas. Given that early changes to molecular components of bowel polyps may have a direct impact on cancer development and/or act as indicators of early disease, we review the molecular landscape of colorectal polyps, with an emphasis on immunological and microbial alterations occurring in the gut and propose the potential clinical utility of these data.
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The Role of miR-155 in Nutrition: Modulating Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072245. [PMID: 34210046 PMCID: PMC8308226 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in overall human health. Although there is no direct evidence supporting the direct involvement of nutrition in curing disease, for some diseases, good nutrition contributes to disease prevention and our overall well-being, including energy level, optimum internal function, and strength of the immune system. Lately, other major, but more silent players are reported to participate in the body’s response to ingested nutrients, as they are involved in different physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, the genetic profile of an individual is highly critical in regulating these processes and their interactions. In particular, miR-155, a non-coding microRNA, is reported to be highly correlated with such nutritional processes. In fact, miR-155 is involved in the orchestration of various biological processes such as cellular signaling, immune regulation, metabolism, nutritional responses, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, this review aims to highlight those critical aspects of the influence of dietary components on gene expression, primarily on miR-155 and its role in modulating cancer-associated processes.
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48
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Basnet U, Patil AR, Kulkarni A, Roy S. Role of Stress-Survival Pathways and Transcriptomic Alterations in Progression of Colorectal Cancer: A Health Disparities Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5525. [PMID: 34063993 PMCID: PMC8196775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Every year, more than a million individuals are diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) across the world. Certain lifestyle and genetic factors are known to drive the high incidence and mortality rates in some groups of individuals. The presence of enormous amounts of reactive oxygen species is implicated for the on-set and carcinogenesis, and oxidant scavengers are thought to be important in CRC therapy. In this review, we focus on the ethnicity-based CRC disparities in the U.S., the negative effects of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and gene regulation in CRC carcinogenesis. We also highlight the use of antioxidants for CRC treatment, along with screening for certain regulatory genetic elements and oxidative stress indicators as potential biomarkers to determine the CRC risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbashi Basnet
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Abhijeet R. Patil
- Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA;
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (U.B.); (A.K.)
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Micallef I, Baron B. The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33807355 PMCID: PMC8103280 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
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Wu W, Chen Y, Ye S, Yang H, Yang J, Quan J. Transcription factor forkhead box K1 regulates miR-32 expression and enhances cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:407. [PMID: 33841568 PMCID: PMC8020380 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased microRNA (miR)-32 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues enhances CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and attenuates CRC cell apoptosis by repressing the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) was identified as a potential interacting transcription factor using DNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of FOXK1 in regulating miR-32 expression in CRC. The expressions of FOXK1, miR-32, transmembrane protein 245 gene (TMEM245) and PTEN were compared between CRC and normal colonic tissues. Levels of miR-32, TMEM245, PTEN and the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells were studied using FOXK1-overexpression or knockdown, or by simultaneously interfering with FOXK1 and miR-32 expression. Direct FOXK1 binding to the miR-32 promoter was verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The results showed elevated FOXK1, miR-32 and TMEM245 expression, and significantly decreased PTEN expression in CRC, compared with normal colonic tissues. Correlations between the expressions of TMEM245 and miR-32, FOXK1 and miR-32, and FOXK1 and TMEM245 were positive and significant. FOXK1-knockdown led to decreased miR-32 and TMEM245 expression and increased PTEN expression, whereas FOXK1-overexpression had the opposite effect. Overexpressed FOXK1 promoted the malignancy of CRC cells in vitro by stimulating proliferation and reducing apoptosis; whereas FOXK1-depletion suppressed such malignancy and a miR-32 inhibitor partially reversed the effects of FOXK1. The results of ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that FOXK1 directly binds to the promoter of TMEM245/miR-32. Thus, the FOXK1-miR-32-PTEN signaling axis may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yongze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Shicai Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Juanhua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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