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Liu Y, Xia H, Wang Y, Han S, Liu Y, Zhu S, Wu Y, Luo J, Dai J, Jia Y. Prognosis and immunotherapy in melanoma based on selenoprotein k-related signature. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112436. [PMID: 38857552 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Selenium and selenoproteins are closely related to melanoma progression. However, it is unclear how SELENOK affects lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), immune cell infiltration, survival, and prognosis in melanoma patients. Transcriptome data from melanoma patients was used to investigate SELENOK levels and their effect on prognosis, followed by an investigation of SELENOK's effects on immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, a risk model based on ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune-related genes was constructed, and its utility in melanoma prognosis was evaluated. Finally, the drug sensitivity of the risk model was analyzed to provide a reference for melanoma therapy. The results showed that melanoma with a high SELENOK level had a greater degree of immune cell infiltration and a better prognosis. Additionally, SELENOK was found to regulate ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune cell infiltration in melanoma. The risk model based on SELENOK signature genes successfully predicted the prognosis of melanoma, and the low-risk group exhibited a favorable immunological microenvironment. Furthermore, high-risk patients with melanoma were candidates for chemotherapy with RAS pathway inhibitors, whereas low-risk patients were more susceptible to routinely used chemotherapy medicines. In summary, SELENOK was shown to regulate ERS, lipid metabolism, and immune cell infiltration in melanoma, and SELENOK was positively associated with the prognosis of melanoma. The risk model based on SELENOK signature genes was valuable for melanoma prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Pathology, GuiZhou QianNan People's Hospital, Qiannan Pathology Research Center of Guizhou Province, QianNan 558000, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongfen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengzhang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, GuiZhou QianNan People's Hospital, Qiannan Pathology Research Center of Guizhou Province, QianNan 558000, China
| | - Yongjin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, GuiZhou QianNan People's Hospital, QianNan 558000, China
| | - Jimin Luo
- Department of Pathology, GuiZhou QianNan People's Hospital, Qiannan Pathology Research Center of Guizhou Province, QianNan 558000, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Le Roux Ö, Everitt JI, Counter CM. p53 dosage can impede KrasG12D- and KrasQ61R-mediated tumorigenesis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292189. [PMID: 38547169 PMCID: PMC10977719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice engineered with a G12D versus Q61R mutation in Kras exhibited differences in tumorigenesis. Namely, the incidence or grade of oral or forestomach squamous epithelial lesions was more prevalent in the KrasG12D background while hematolymphopoietic disease was more prevalent in the KrasQ61R background. Loss of the Trp53 gene encoding the tumor suppressor p53 enhances the ability of oncogenic Kras to initiate tumorigenesis in carcinogen and genetic models of lung cancer. Conversley, an extra copy of Trp53 (Super p53) was recently shown to suppress Kras-induced tumorigenesis in a genetic model of this disease. Given this, we evaluated whether an extra copy of Trp53 would alter tumorigenesis upon global activation of a modified Kras allele engineered with either a G12D or Q61R mutation. We report that an increase in p53 dosage significantly reduced the incidence or grade of oral and forestomach squamous tumors induced by either G12D and Q61R-mutant Kras. The incidence of myeloproliferative disease was also significantly reduced with increased p53 dosage in the KrasQ61R background. Both the percentage of mice with lung tumors and total number of adenomas per animal were unchanged. However, the incidence and grade of peripheral atypical alveolar hyperplasia was significantly decreased in both backgrounds with increased p53 dosage. Finally, the number of foci of bronchioloalveolar hyperplasia per animal significantly increased with increased p53 dosage in the KrasG12D background. These results suggest that an extra copy of p53 can impede oncogenic Kras driven tumorigenesis in some tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Le Roux
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffery I. Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Counter
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Khan NA, Elsori D, Rashid G, Tamanna S, Chakraborty A, Farooqi A, Kar A, Sambyal N, Kamal MA. Unraveling the relationship between the renin-angiotensin system and endometrial cancer: a comprehensive review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235418. [PMID: 37869088 PMCID: PMC10585148 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC), the most common adenocarcinoma, represents 90% of uterine cancer in women with an increased incidence of occurrence attributed to age, obesity, hypertension, and hypoestrogenism. Being the most common gynecological malignancy in women, it shows a relation with the activation of different components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which is predominantly involved in maintaining blood pressure, salt, water, and aldosterone secretion, thereby playing a significant role in the etiology of hypertension. The components of the RAS, i.e., ACE-I, ACE-II, AT1R, AT2R, and Pro(renin) receptor, are widely expressed in both glandular and stromal cells of the endometrium, with varying levels throughout the different phases of the menstrual cycle. This causes the endometrial RAS to implicate angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation. Thus, dysfunctioning of the endometrial RAS could predispose the growth and spread of EC. Interestingly, the increased expression of AngII, AGTR1, and AGTR2 showed advancement in the stages and progression of EC via the prorenin/ATP6AP2 and AngII/AGTR1 pathway. Therefore, this review corresponds to unraveling the relationship between the progression and development of endometrial cancer with the dysfunction in the expression of various components associated with RAS in maintaining blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Ashraf Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India
| | - Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resillience, Deans Office Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Amity Medical School, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Tamanna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Adeeba Farooqi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Ayman Kar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Niti Sambyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vashino Devi University, Katra, Jammu, India
| | - Mohammad Azhar Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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Honda T, Seto K, Endo S, Takemoto A, Tanimoto K, Kobayashi M, Kitano M, Sakakibara R, Mitsumura T, Ishibashi H, Inazawa J, Tanaka T, Miyazaki Y, Okubo K. The possibility of mutations of RAS signaling genes and/or TP53 in combination as a negative prognostic impact on pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19406-19413. [PMID: 37712717 PMCID: PMC10587933 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is as high as 30%, even in the cancer with pathological stage I disease. Therefore, identifying factors predictive of high-risk pathological recurrence is important. However, few studies have examined the genetic status of these tumors and its relationship to prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 328 cases of primary lung cancer that underwent complete resection at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) was screened for 440 cancer-associated genes using panel testing. Further analyses included 92 cases of pathological stage I NSCLC who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Ridge regression was performed to identify association studies mutational status and postoperative recurrence. These data were then validated using clinical and genetic data from 56 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS Mutations in TP53, RAS signaling genes KRAS and HRAS, and EGFR were recurrently detected. Ridge regression analysis relevant to recurrence, as well as survival analysis, performed using data from the TMDU cohort revealed significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) for patients with RAS signaling or TP53 gene mutations than for those without (log-rank test, p = 0.00090). This statistical trend was also suggested in the TCGA cohort (log-rank test, p = 0.10). CONCLUSION Mutations in RAS signaling genes and/or TP53 could be useful for the prediction of shorter RFS of patients with stage I NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Honda
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Katsutoshi Seto
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
- Soka Municipal HospitalSoka‐shiJapan
| | - Akira Takemoto
- Bioresource Research CenterTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | | | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKurashiki Central HospitalKurashikiJapan
| | - Masatake Kitano
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Rie Sakakibara
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Takahiro Mitsumura
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Hironori Ishibashi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Research CoreTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Bioresource Research CenterTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityBunkyo‐kuJapan
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Ma ZR, Xiong QW, Cai SZ, Ding LT, Yin CH, Xia HL, Liu W, Dai S, Zhang Y, Zhu ZH, Huang ZJ, Wang Q, Yan XM. USP18 enhances the resistance of BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to vemurafenib by stabilizing cGAS expression to induce cell autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110617. [PMID: 37478666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to discern the possible molecular mechanism of the effect of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) on the resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma by regulating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). The cancer tissues of BRAF V600E mutant melanoma patients before and after vemurafenib treatment were collected, in which the protein expression of USP18 and cGAS was determined. A BRAF V600E mutant human melanoma cell line (A2058R) resistant to vemurafenib was constructed with its viability, apoptosis, and autophagy detected following overexpression and depletion assays of USP18 and cGAS. Xenografted tumors were transplanted into nude mice for in vivo validation. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the expression of cGAS was positively correlated with USP18 in melanoma, and USP18 was highly expressed in melanoma. The expression of cGAS and USP18 was up-regulated in cancer tissues of vemurafenib-resistant patients with BRAF V600E mutant melanoma. Knockdown of cGAS inhibited the resistance to vemurafenib in A2058R cells and the protective autophagy induced by vemurafenib in vitro. USP18 could deubiquitinate cGAS to promote its protein stability. In vivo experimentations confirmed that USP18 promoted vemurafenib-induced protective autophagy by stabilizing cGAS protein, which promoted resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells. Collectively, USP18 stabilizes cGAS protein expression through deubiquitination and induces autophagy of melanoma cells, thereby promoting the resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF V600E mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Rui Ma
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian-Wei Xiong
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhong Cai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Ling-Tao Ding
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Chao-Hong Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Hong-Liang Xia
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Shu Dai
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hong Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Yan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Congenital Structural Deformities, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, PR China.
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Fernandez MF, Choi J, Sosman J. New Approaches to Targeted Therapy in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3224. [PMID: 37370834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It was just slightly more than a decade ago when metastatic melanoma carried a dismal prognosis with few, if any, effective therapies. Since then, the evolution of cancer immunotherapy has led to new and effective treatment approaches for melanoma. However, despite these advances, a sizable portion of patients with advanced melanoma have de novo or acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. At the same time, therapies (BRAF plus MEK inhibitors) targeting the BRAFV600 mutations found in 40-50% of cutaneous melanomas have also been critical for optimizing management and improving patient outcomes. Even though immunotherapy has been established as the initial therapy in most patients with cutaneous melanoma, subsequent effective therapy is limited to BRAFV600 melanoma. For all other melanoma patients, driver mutations have not been effectively targeted. Numerous efforts are underway to target melanomas with NRAS mutations, NF-1 LOF mutations, and other genetic alterations leading to activation of the MAP kinase pathway. In this era of personalized medicine, we will review the current genetic landscape, molecular classifications, emerging drug targets, and the potential for combination therapies for non-BRAFV600 melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Felipe Fernandez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sosman
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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7
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Hypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054430. [PMID: 36901857 PMCID: PMC10003002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Caucasian population. In the United States, it is estimated that at least one in five people will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, leading to significant morbidity and a healthcare burden. Skin cancer mainly arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, where oxygen is scarce. There are three main types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical role for hypoxia in the development and progression of these dermatologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers. We will summarize the molecular basis of hypoxia signaling pathways in relation to the major genetic variations of skin cancer.
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Zob DL, Augustin I, Caba L, Panzaru MC, Popa S, Popa AD, Florea L, Gorduza EV. Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma-A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010716. [PMID: 36614156 PMCID: PMC9821083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a common and aggressive tumor originating from melanocytes. The increasing incidence of cutaneous melanoma in recent last decades highlights the need for predictive biomarkers studies. Melanoma development is a complex process, involving the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Genetic aberrations include BRAF, NRAS, NF1, MAP2K1/MAP2K2, KIT, GNAQ, GNA11, CDKN2A, TERT mutations, and translocations of kinases. Epigenetic alterations involve microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, histones modifications, and abnormal DNA methylations. Genetic aberrations and epigenetic marks are important as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease recurrence, and for therapeutic targets. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the genomic and epigenetic changes in melanoma and discusses the latest scientific information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Luminita Zob
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI. Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iolanda Augustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, AI. Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Monica-Cristina Panzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Delia Popa
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Brady DC, Hmeljak J, Dar AC. Understanding and drugging RAS: 40 years to break the tip of the iceberg. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274631. [PMID: 35244677 PMCID: PMC8905715 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cancers and rare genetic diseases are caused by dysregulation in the RAS signaling pathway. RAS proteins serve as molecular switches that regulate pathways involved in cellular growth, differentiation and survival. These pathways have been an intense area of investigation for four decades, since the initial identification of somatic RAS mutations linked to human cancers. In the past few years, inhibitors against several RAS effectors, as well as direct inhibitors of the K-RAS mutant G12C, have been developed. This Special Issue in DMM includes original Research articles on RAS-driven cancers and RASopathies. The articles provide insights into mechanisms and biomarkers, and evaluate therapeutic targets. Several articles also present new disease models, whereas others describe technologies or approaches to evaluate the function of RAS in vivo. The collection also includes a series of Review articles on RAS biology and translational aspects of defining and treating RAS-driven diseases. In this Editorial, we summarize this collection and discuss the potential impact of the articles within this evolving area of research. We also identify areas of growth and possible future developments. Summary: This Editorial introduces DMM’s new Special Issue on the RAS pathway. The Guest Editors reflect on the impact of the featured articles on the landscape of the RAS field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julija Hmeljak
- The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, Station Road, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9LF, UK
| | - Arvin C Dar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, Center for Therapeutic Discovery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
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