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Ukraintsev A, Kutuzov M, Belousova E, Joyeau M, Golyshev V, Lomzov A, Lavrik O. PARP3 Affects Nucleosome Compaction Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109042. [PMID: 37240388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome compaction is one of the important subject areas for understanding the mechanisms regulating genes' expression and DNA replication and repair. The basic unit of DNA compaction in the eukaryotic cell is the nucleosome. The main chromatin proteins responsible for DNA compaction have already been identified, but the regulation of chromatin architecture is still extensively studied. Several authors have shown an interaction of ARTD proteins with nucleosomes and proposed that there are changes in the nucleosomes' structure as a result. In the ARTD family, only PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 participate in the DNA damage response. Damaged DNA stimulates activation of these PARPs, which use NAD+ as a substrate. DNA repair and chromatin compaction need precise regulation with close coordination between them. In this work, we studied the interactions of these three PARPs with nucleosomes by atomic force microscopy, which is a powerful method allowing for direct measurements of geometric characteristics of single molecules. Using this method, we evaluated perturbations in the structure of single nucleosomes after the binding of a PARP. We demonstrated here that PARP3 significantly alters the geometry of nucleosomes, possibly indicating a new function of PARP3 in chromatin compaction regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ukraintsev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kutuzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Belousova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marie Joyeau
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor Golyshev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Lomzov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Amé JC, Nguekeu-Zebase L, Harwood D, Yildirim Z, Roegel L, Boos A, Dantzer F. Purification of Recombinant Human PARP-3. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2609:419-441. [PMID: 36515851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-3 (PARP-3) from overexpressing cells (Sf9 insect cells, Escherichia coli) has been updated to a fast and reproducible two-chromatographic-step protocol. After cell lysis, PARP-3 protein from the crude extract is affinity purified on a 3-aminobenzamide Sepharose™ chromatographic step. The last contaminants and the 3-methoxybenzamide used to elute PARP-3 from the previous affinity column are removed on the high-performance strong cation exchanger MonoQ™ matrix. This step allows also the concentration of the protein. The columns connected to an A° KTA™ purifier system allow the purification of the protein in three days with a high-yield recovery. As described in the protocol, more than 3 mg of pure and active human PARP-3 can be obtained from 1.5 L of E. coli culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Amé
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Leonel Nguekeu-Zebase
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Daisy Harwood
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Zuleyha Yildirim
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Roegel
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Agathe Boos
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Groupe Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, UMR7242 du CNRS É cole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg Parc d'innovation, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Di Paola S, Matarese M, Barretta ML, Dathan N, Colanzi A, Corda D, Grimaldi G. PARP10 Mediates Mono-ADP-Ribosylation of Aurora-A Regulating G2/M Transition of the Cell Cycle. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5210. [PMID: 36358629 PMCID: PMC9659153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (mono-ARTs) catalyze the covalent attachment of a single ADP-ribose molecule to protein substrates, thus regulating their functions. PARP10 is a soluble mono-ART involved in the modulation of intracellular signaling, metabolism and apoptosis. PARP10 also participates in the regulation of the G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle. However, the role of this enzyme in G2/M progression is not defined. In this study, we found that genetic ablation, protein depletion and pharmacological inhibition of PARP10 cause a delay in the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. Moreover, we found that the mitotic kinase Aurora-A, a previously identified PARP10 substrate, is actively mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) during G2/M transition in a PARP10-dependent manner. Notably, we showed that PARP10-mediated MARylation of Aurora-A enhances the activity of the kinase in vitro. Consistent with an impairment in the endogenous activity of Aurora-A, cells lacking PARP10 show a decreased localization of the kinase on the centrosomes and mitotic spindle during G2/M progression. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence of a direct role played by PARP10 in the progression of G2 and mitosis, an event that is strictly correlated to the endogenous MARylation of Aurora-A, thus proposing a novel mechanism for the modulation of Aurora-A kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Paola
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Matarese
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Barretta
- National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro, 700185 Rome, Italy
- Steril Farma Srl, Via L. Da Vinci 128, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Grimaldi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
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4
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Tiwari P, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase: An Overview of Mechanistic Approaches and Therapeutic Opportunities in the Management of Stroke. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1830-1852. [PMID: 35437712 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality accompanied by blood supply loss to a particular brain area. Several mechanistic approaches such as inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, therapies against tissue thrombosis, and neutrophils lead to stroke's therapeutic intervention. Evidence obtained with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition and animals having a deficiency of PARP enzymes; represented the role of PARP in cerebral stroke, ischemia/reperfusion, and neurotrauma. PARP is a nuclear enzyme superfamily with various isoforms, each with different structural domains and functions, and out of all, PARP-1 is the best-characterized member. It has been shown to perform multiple physiological as well as pathological processes, including its role in inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The enzyme interacts with NF-κB, p53, and other transcriptional factors to regulate survival and cell death and modulates multiple downstream signaling pathways. Clinical trials have also been conducted using PARP inhibitors for numerous disorders and have shown positive results. However, additional information is yet to be established for the therapeutic intervention of PARP inhibitors in stroke. These agents' utilization appears to be challenging due to their unknown potential long-term side effects. PARP activity increased during ischemia, but its inhibition provided significant neuroprotection. Despite the increased interest in PARP as a pharmacological modulator for novel therapeutic therapies, the current review focused on stroke and poly ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Tiwari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Blanco-Ameijeiras J, Lozano-Fernández P, Martí E. Centrosome maturation - in tune with the cell cycle. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274149. [PMID: 35088834 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are the main microtubule-organizing centres, playing essential roles in the organization of the cytoskeleton during interphase, and in the mitotic spindle, which controls chromosome segregation, during cell division. Centrosomes also act as the basal body of cilia, regulating cilium length and affecting extracellular signal reception as well as the integration of intracellular signalling pathways. Centrosomes are self-replicative and duplicate once every cell cycle to generate two centrosomes. The core support structure of the centrosome consists of two molecularly distinct centrioles. The mother (mature) centriole exhibits accessory appendages and is surrounded by both pericentriolar material and centriolar satellites, structures that the daughter (immature) centriole lacks. In this Review, we discuss what is currently known about centrosome duplication, its dialogue with the cell cycle and the sequential acquisition of specific components during centriole maturation. We also describe our current understanding of the mature centriolar structures that are required to build a cilium. Altogether, the built-in centrosome asymmetries that stem from the two centrosomes inheriting molecularly different centrioles sets the foundation for cell division being an intrinsically asymmetric process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Blanco-Ameijeiras
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pilar Lozano-Fernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elisa Martí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 20, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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6
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Li X, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Song S, Liu J. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 promotes seed-setting rate by facilitating gametophyte development and meiosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:760-774. [PMID: 33977586 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which transfer either monomer or polymer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) onto target proteins, are required for multiple processes in DNA damage repair, cell cycle, development, and abiotic stress in animals and plants. Here, the uncharacterized rice (Oryza sativa) OsPARP1, which has been predicted to have two alternative OsPARP1 mRNA splicing variants, OsPARP1.1 and OsPARP1.2, was investigated. However, bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that only OsPARP1.1 interacted with OsPARP3 paralog, suggesting that OsPARP1.1 is a functional protein in rice. OsPARP1 was preferentially expressed in the stamen primordial and pollen grain of mature stamen during flower development. The osparp1 mutant and CRISPR plants were delayed in germination, indicating that defective DNA repair machinery impairs early seed germination. The mutant displayed a normal phenotype during vegetative growth but had a lower seed-setting rate than wild-type plants under normal conditions. Chromosome bridges and DNA fragmentations were detected in male meiocytes at anaphase I to prophase II. After meiosis II, malformed tetrads or tetrads with micronuclei were formed. Meanwhile, the abnormality was also found in embryo sac development. Collectively, these results suggest that OsPARP1 plays an important role in mediating response to DNA damage and gametophyte development, crucial for rice yield in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agricultural Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qinjian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agricultural Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Songquan Song
- Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agricultural Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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7
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O'Connor MJ, Thakar T, Nicolae CM, Moldovan GL. PARP14 regulates cyclin D1 expression to promote cell-cycle progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:4872-4883. [PMID: 34158578 PMCID: PMC8384455 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is an essential regulator of the G1-S cell-cycle transition and is overexpressed in many cancers. Expression of cyclin D1 is under tight cellular regulation that is controlled by many signaling pathways. Here we report that PARP14, a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, is a regulator of cyclin D1 expression. Depletion of PARP14 leads to decreased cyclin D1 protein levels. In cells with a functional retinoblastoma (RB) protein pathway, this results in G1 cell-cycle arrest and reduced proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that PARP14 controls cyclin D1 mRNA levels. Using luciferase assays, we show that PARP14 specifically regulates cyclin D1 3'UTR mRNA stability. Finally, we also provide evidence that G1 arrest in PARP14-depleted cells is dependent on an intact p53-p21 pathway. Our work uncovers a new role for PARP14 in promoting cell-cycle progression through both cyclin D1 and the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Tanay Thakar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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8
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Moura DS, Peña‐Chilet M, Cordero Varela JA, Alvarez‐Alegret R, Agra‐Pujol C, Izquierdo F, Ramos R, Ortega‐Medina L, Martin‐Davila F, Castilla‐Ramirez C, Hernandez‐Leon CN, Romagosa C, Vaz Salgado MA, Lavernia J, Bagué S, Mayodormo‐Aranda E, Vicioso L, Hernández Barceló JE, Rubio‐Casadevall J, de Juan A, Fiaño‐Valverde MC, Hindi N, Lopez‐Alvarez M, Lacerenza S, Dopazo J, Gutierrez A, Alvarez R, Valverde C, Martinez‐Trufero J, Martín‐Broto J. A DNA damage repair gene-associated signature predicts responses of patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma to treatment with trabectedin. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3691-3705. [PMID: 33983674 PMCID: PMC8637557 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive biomarkers of trabectedin represent an unmet need in advanced soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS). DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, involved in homologous recombination or nucleotide excision repair, had been previously described as biomarkers of trabectedin resistance or sensitivity, respectively. The majority of these studies only focused on specific factors (ERCC1, ERCC5, and BRCA1) and did not evaluate several other DDR‐related genes that could have a relevant role for trabectedin efficacy. In this retrospective translational study, 118 genes involved in DDR were evaluated to determine, by transcriptomics, a predictive gene signature of trabectedin efficacy. A six‐gene predictive signature of trabectedin efficacy was built in a series of 139 tumor samples from patients with advanced STS. Patients in the high‐risk gene signature group showed a significantly worse progression‐free survival compared with patients in the low‐risk group (2.1 vs 6.0 months, respectively). Differential gene expression analysis defined new potential predictive biomarkers of trabectedin sensitivity (PARP3 and CCNH) or resistance (DNAJB11 and PARP1). Our study identified a new gene signature that significantly predicts patients with higher probability to respond to treatment with trabectedin. Targeting some genes of this signature emerges as a potential strategy to enhance trabectedin efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Moura
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
| | - Maria Peña‐Chilet
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)CDCAHospital Virgen del RocioSevilleSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPSHospital Virgen del RocioSevilleSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology DepartmentSon Espases University HospitalMallorcaSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - Cleofe Romagosa
- Pathology DepartmentVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Javier Lavernia
- Medical Oncology DepartmentInstituto Valenciano de OncologiaValenciaSpain
| | - Silvia Bagué
- Pathology ServiceHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Luis Vicioso
- Pathology DepartmentVirgen de la Victoria University HospitalMalagaSpain
| | | | - Jordi Rubio‐Casadevall
- Medical Oncology DepartmentHospital Josep TruetaCatalan Institute of OncologyGironaSpain
| | - Ana de Juan
- Medical Oncology DepartmentMarqués de Valdecilla University HospitalSantanderSpain
| | | | - Nadia Hindi
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
- Medical Oncology DepartmentUniversity Hospital Fundación Jimenez DiazMadridSpain
- University Hospital General de VillalbaMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD)MadridSpain
| | - Maria Lopez‐Alvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
| | - Serena Lacerenza
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)CDCAHospital Virgen del RocioSevilleSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPSHospital Virgen del RocioSevilleSpain
- INB‐ELIXIR‐esFPSHospital Virgen del RocíoSevilleSpain
| | | | - Rosa Alvarez
- Medical Oncology DepartmentGregorio Marañon University HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Medical Oncology DepartmentVall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Javier Martín‐Broto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla)Spain
- Medical Oncology DepartmentUniversity Hospital Fundación Jimenez DiazMadridSpain
- University Hospital General de VillalbaMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS/FJD)MadridSpain
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9
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Demény MA, Virág L. The PARP Enzyme Family and the Hallmarks of Cancer Part 1. Cell Intrinsic Hallmarks. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092042. [PMID: 33922595 PMCID: PMC8122967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17-member poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family, also known as the ADP-ribosyl transferase diphtheria toxin-like (ARTD) enzyme family, contains DNA damage-responsive and nonresponsive members. Only PARP1, 2, 5a, and 5b are capable of modifying their targets with poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymers; the other PARP family members function as mono-ADP-ribosyl transferases. In the last decade, PARP1 has taken center stage in oncology treatments. New PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been introduced for the targeted treatment of breast cancer 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2)-deficient ovarian and breast cancers, and this novel therapy represents the prototype of the synthetic lethality paradigm. Much less attention has been paid to other PARPs and their potential roles in cancer biology. In this review, we summarize the roles played by all PARP enzyme family members in six intrinsic hallmarks of cancer: uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, cell death resistance, genome instability, reprogrammed energy metabolism, and escape from replicative senescence. In a companion paper, we will discuss the roles of PARP enzymes in cancer hallmarks related to cancer-host interactions, including angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, evasion of the anticancer immune response, and tumor-promoting inflammation. While PARP1 is clearly involved in all ten cancer hallmarks, an increasing body of evidence supports the role of other PARPs in modifying these cancer hallmarks (e.g., PARP5a and 5b in replicative immortality and PARP2 in cancer metabolism). We also highlight controversies, open questions, and discuss prospects of recent developments related to the wide range of roles played by PARPs in cancer biology. Some of the summarized findings may explain resistance to PARPi therapy or highlight novel biological roles of PARPs that can be therapeutically exploited in novel anticancer treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté A. Demény
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.A.D.); (L.V.)
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10
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Lal S, Snape TJ. A therapeutic update on PARP inhibitors: implications in the treatment of glioma. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:532-541. [PMID: 33157194 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most aggressive and devastating. Further, due to unavailability of neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons, the specialized treatment options of CNS cancers are still not completely available in most parts of the world. Among various strategies of inducing death in cancer cells, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has emerged as a beneficial therapy when combined with other anticancer agents. In this review, we provide a detailed therapeutic update of PARP inhibitors that have shown clinical activity against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Lal
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, 122413, Haryana, India.
| | - Timothy J Snape
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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11
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Fernández Villamil SH, Vilchez Larrea SC. Poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in human parasitic protozoa. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105499. [PMID: 32330449 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions constitute a post-translational protein modification synthesized in higher eukaryotes by a family of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) and catabolized mainly by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). The best understood role of PARP is the maintenance of genomic integrity via the promotion of DNA repair that leads to cell survival when low levels of genotoxic stress occur. The participation of PARP in unleashing cell death at higher levels of damage has also been broadly studied. The biology of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in protozoan parasites, however, still remains a mystery. This review will examine the presence of the key enzyme involved in ADP-ribose polymer (PAR) metabolism in protozoan parasites associated with human diseases. Theoretical and experimental data obtained up to date have revealed the presence of PAR metabolism only in the trypanosomatids Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei, the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica. T. cruzi and T. brucei, as opposed to humans and other organisms, have only one PARP and one PARG with subcellular localizations that are distinct from the ones described for their mammalian counterparts. The topics discussed in this review describe the first studies on PAR metabolism in trypanosomatids, specially the role of PAR on DNA damage response, cell cycle progression and cell death after genotoxic stimuli. The results described show differences in some aspects of PAR metabolism in trypanosomatids in comparison to other eukaryotes. New questions about the function of this metabolic pathway in the parasites under study are open and we hope it encourages the research community to explore this signaling pathway as a new possible target of clinical relevance in these and other disease-causing parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H Fernández Villamil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Salomé C Vilchez Larrea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Abstract
Mitosis ensures accurate segregation of duplicated DNA through tight regulation of chromosome condensation, bipolar spindle assembly, chromosome alignment in the metaphase plate, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), in particular PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, PARP5a (TNKS1), as well as poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), regulate different mitotic functions, including centrosome function, mitotic spindle assembly, mitotic checkpoints, telomere length and telomere cohesion. PARP depletion or inhibition give rise to various mitotic defects such as centrosome amplification, multipolar spindles, chromosome misalignment, premature loss of cohesion, metaphase arrest, anaphase DNA bridges, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. As the mechanisms of PARP1/2 inhibitor-mediated cell death are being progressively elucidated, it is becoming clear that mitotic defects caused by PARP1/2 inhibition arise due to replication stress and DNA damage in S phase. As it stands, entrapment of inactive PARP1/2 on DNA phenocopies replication stress through accumulation of unresolved replication intermediates, double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) and incorrectly repaired DSBs, which can be transmitted from S phase to mitosis and instigate various mitotic defects, giving rise to both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Cancer cells have increased levels of replication stress, which makes them particularly susceptible to a combination of agents that compromise replication fork stability. Indeed, combining PARP1/2 inhibitors with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair pathways, DNA-damaging agents, ATR and other cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors has yielded synergistic effects in killing cancer cells. Here I provide a comprehensive overview of the mitotic functions of PARPs and PARG, mitotic phenotypes induced by their depletion or inhibition, as well as the therapeutic relevance of targeting mitotic cells by directly interfering with mitotic functions or indirectly through replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Beck C, Rodriguez-Vargas JM, Boehler C, Robert I, Heyer V, Hanini N, Gauthier LR, Tissier A, Schreiber V, Elofsson M, Reina San Martin B, Dantzer F. PARP3, a new therapeutic target to alter Rictor/mTORC2 signaling and tumor progression in BRCA1-associated cancers. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1615-1630. [PMID: 30442946 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP3 has been shown to be a key driver of TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in breast cancer cells, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the therapeutic value of PARP3 inhibition has not yet been assessed. Here we investigated the impact of the absence of PARP3 or its inhibition on the tumorigenicity of BRCA1-proficient versus BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cell lines, focusing on the triple-negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC). We show that PARP3 knockdown exacerbates centrosome amplification and genome instability and reduces survival of BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells. Furthermore, we engineered PARP3-/- BRCA1-deficient or BRCA1-proficient TNBC cell lines using the CRISPR/nCas9D10A gene editing technology and demonstrate that the absence of PARP3 selectively suppresses the growth, survival and in vivo tumorigenicity of BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells, mechanistically via effects associated with an altered Rictor/mTORC2 signaling complex resulting from enhanced ubiquitination of Rictor. Accordingly, PARP3 interacts with and ADP-ribosylates GSK3β, a positive regulator of Rictor ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, these phenotypes were rescued by re-expression of a wild-type PARP3 but not by a catalytic mutant, demonstrating the importance of PARP3's catalytic activity. Accordingly, reduced survival and compromised Rictor/mTORC2 signaling were also observed using a cell-permeable PARP3-specific inhibitor. We conclude that PARP3 and BRCA1 are synthetic lethal and that targeting PARP3's catalytic activity is a promising therapeutic strategy for BRCA1-associated cancers via the Rictor/mTORC2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Beck
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - José Manuel Rodriguez-Vargas
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Boehler
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Robert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Vincent Heyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Najat Hanini
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- Laboratoire de radiopathologie, CEA-DRF/INSERM U967, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), 18 route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bernardo Reina San Martin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U964, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412, Illkirch, France.
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14
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Sharif-Askari B, Amrein L, Aloyz R, Panasci L. PARP3 inhibitors ME0328 and olaparib potentiate vinorelbine sensitization in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:23-32. [PMID: 30039287 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARP-3 is member of the PARP family of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases involved in ADPribosylation. PARPs are involved in the basic mechanisms of DNA repair. PARP3, a critical player for efficient mitotic progression, is required for the stabilization of the mitotic spindle by regulation of the mitotic components, NuMA and Tankyrase 1. METHODS The sensitization effect of vinorelbine on PARP3 inhibition-induced cytotoxicity was assessed by the SRB assay. The contribution of programed cell death and cell cycle arrest to the sensitization effect were determined by assessing changes in Annexin V, a marker of apoptosis. Alterations in cell cycle progression were assessed by cell cycle analysis. We used immunofluorescence to assess the effect of vinorelbine and/or PARP3 inhibitors on tubulin and microtubule depolarization. The PARP3 chemiluminescent assay kit was used for PARP3 activity. RESULTS PARP3 inhibitors sensitize breast cancer cells to vinorelbine, a vinca alkaloid used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Olaparib which was originally described as a PARP1 and 2 inhibitor has recently been shown to be a potent PARP3 inhibitor while ME0328 is a more selective PARP3 inhibitor. The combination of vinorelbine with nontoxic concentrations of ME0328 or olaparib reduces vinorelbine resistance by 10 and 17 fold, respectively, potentiating vinorelbine-induced arrest at the G2/M boundary. In addition, PARP3 inhibition potentiates vinorelbine interaction with tubulin. Furthermore, olaparib or ME0328 potentiates vinorelbine-induced PARP3 inhibition, mitotic arrest, and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our results indicated this approach with PARP3 inhibitors and vinorelbine is unique and promising for breast cancer patients with metastases. This combination could significantly increase the survival of breast cancer patients with metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sharif-Askari
- Montreal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Segal Cancer Center, Lawrence Panasci & Raquel Aloyz Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lilian Amrein
- Montreal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Segal Cancer Center, Lawrence Panasci & Raquel Aloyz Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Raquel Aloyz
- Montreal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Segal Cancer Center, Lawrence Panasci & Raquel Aloyz Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Lawrence Panasci
- Montreal Centre for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Segal Cancer Center, Lawrence Panasci & Raquel Aloyz Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
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15
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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16
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Abstract
Most members of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase family, PARP family, have a catalytic activity that involves the transfer of ADP-ribose from a beta-NAD+-molecule to protein acceptors. It was recently discovered by Talhaoui et al. that DNA-dependent PARP1 and PARP2 can also modify DNA. Here, we demonstrate that DNA-dependent PARP3 can modify DNA and form a specific primed structure for further use by the repair proteins. We demonstrated that gapped DNA that was ADP-ribosylated by PARP3 could be ligated to double-stranded DNA by DNA ligases. Moreover, this ADP-ribosylated DNA could serve as a primed DNA substrate for PAR chain elongation by the purified proteins PARP1 and PARP2 as well as by cell-free extracts. We suggest that this ADP-ribose modification can be involved in cellular pathways that are important for cell survival in the process of double-strand break formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Belousova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), SB RAS, Lavrentiev Av. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - А A Ishchenko
- Groupe Réparation de l'ADN, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR8200, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - O I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), SB RAS, Lavrentiev Av. 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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17
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Purification of Recombinant Human PARP-3. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28695522 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6993-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The purification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-3 (PARP-3) from overexpressing cells (Sf9 insect cells, Escherichia coli) has been updated to a fast and reproducible two chromatographic steps protocol. After cell lysis, PARP-3 protein from the crude extract is affinity purified on a 3-aminobenzamide Sepharose™ chromatographic step. The last contaminants and the 3-methoxybenzamide used to elute PARP-3 from the previous affinity column are removed on the high-performance strong cations exchanger MonoQ™ matrix. This step allows also the concentration of the protein. The columns connected to an ÅKTA™ purifier system allow the purification of the protein in 3 days with a high-yield recovery. As described in the protocol, more than 3 mg of pure and active human PARP-3 can be obtained from 1.5 L of E. coli culture.
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18
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Loukil A, Tormanen K, Sütterlin C. The daughter centriole controls ciliogenesis by regulating Neurl-4 localization at the centrosome. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1287-1300. [PMID: 28385950 PMCID: PMC5412565 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During ciliogenesis, the daughter centriole is found next to the mother, but its role in this process is not known. Loukil et al. show that a daughter centriole is necessary for primary cilia formation by promoting Neurl-4–dependent removal of the negative ciliogenesis regulator CP110 from the mother. The two centrioles of the centrosome differ in age and function. Although the mother centriole mediates most centrosome-dependent processes, the role of the daughter remains poorly understood. A recent study has implicated the daughter centriole in centriole amplification in multiciliated cells, but its contribution to primary ciliogenesis is unclear. We found that manipulations that prevent daughter centriole formation or induce its separation from the mother abolish ciliogenesis. This defect was caused by stabilization of the negative ciliogenesis regulator CP110 and was corrected by CP110 depletion. CP110 dysregulation may be caused by effects on Neurl-4, a daughter centriole–associated ubiquitin ligase cofactor, which was required for ciliogenesis. Centrosome-targeted Neurl-4 was sufficient to restore ciliogenesis in cells with manipulated daughter centrioles. Interestingly, early during ciliogenesis, Neurl-4 transiently associated with the mother centriole in a process that required mother–daughter centriole proximity. Our data support a model in which the daughter centriole promotes ciliogenesis through Neurl-4–dependent regulation of CP110 levels at the mother centriole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhalim Loukil
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Christine Sütterlin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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19
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Abstract
Here, we review how DNA damage affects the centrosome and how centrosomes communicate with the DNA damage response (DDR) apparatus. We discuss how several proteins of the DDR are found at centrosomes, including the ATM, ATR, CHK1 and CHK2 kinases, the BRCA1 ubiquitin ligase complex and several members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family. Stereotypical centrosome organisation, in which two centriole barrels are orthogonally arranged in a roughly toroidal pericentriolar material (PCM), is strongly affected by exposure to DNA-damaging agents. We describe the genetic dependencies and mechanisms for how the centrioles lose their close association, and the PCM both expands and distorts after DNA damage. Another consequence of genotoxic stress is that centrosomes undergo duplication outside the normal cell cycle stage, meaning that centrosome amplification is commonly seen after DNA damage. We discuss several potential mechanisms for how centrosome numbers become dysregulated after DNA damage and explore the links between the DDR and the PLK1- and separase-dependent mechanisms that drive centriole separation and reduplication. We also describe how centrosome components, such as centrin2, are directly involved in responding to DNA damage. This review outlines current questions on the involvement of centrosomes in the DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Mullee
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Biosciences Building, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran G Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Biosciences Building, Dangan, Galway, Ireland.
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20
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Buchfellner A, Yurlova L, Nüske S, Scholz AM, Bogner J, Ruf B, Zolghadr K, Drexler SE, Drexler GA, Girst S, Greubel C, Reindl J, Siebenwirth C, Romer T, Friedl AA, Rothbauer U. A New Nanobody-Based Biosensor to Study Endogenous PARP1 In Vitro and in Live Human Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151041. [PMID: 26950694 PMCID: PMC4780744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a key player in DNA repair, genomic stability and cell survival and it emerges as a highly relevant target for cancer therapies. To deepen our understanding of PARP biology and mechanisms of action of PARP1-targeting anti-cancer compounds, we generated a novel PARP1-affinity reagent, active both in vitro and in live cells. This PARP1-biosensor is based on a PARP1-specific single-domain antibody fragment (~ 15 kDa), termed nanobody, which recognizes the N-terminus of human PARP1 with nanomolar affinity. In proteomic approaches, immobilized PARP1 nanobody facilitates quantitative immunoprecipitation of functional, endogenous PARP1 from cellular lysates. For cellular studies, we engineered an intracellularly functional PARP1 chromobody by combining the nanobody coding sequence with a fluorescent protein sequence. By following the chromobody signal, we were for the first time able to monitor the recruitment of endogenous PARP1 to DNA damage sites in live cells. Moreover, tracing of the sub-nuclear translocation of the chromobody signal upon treatment of human cells with chemical substances enables real-time profiling of active compounds in high content imaging. Due to its ability to perform as a biosensor at the endogenous level of the PARP1 enzyme, the novel PARP1 nanobody is a unique and versatile tool for basic and applied studies of PARP1 biology and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Nüske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin M. Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Ruf
- ChromoTek GmbH, IZB, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Sophie E. Drexler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido A. Drexler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Girst
- Institute for Applied Physics and Metrology, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Greubel
- Institute for Applied Physics and Metrology, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Judith Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Metrology, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Christian Siebenwirth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Romer
- ChromoTek GmbH, IZB, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna A. Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group ‘Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer’, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Natural and Medical Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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21
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Li Y, Lu W, Chen D, Boohaker RJ, Zhai L, Padmalayam I, Wennerberg K, Xu B, Zhang W. KIFC1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1316-22. [PMID: 26177331 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-like protein KIFC1, a normally nonessential kinesin motor, plays a critical role in centrosome clustering in cancer cells and is essential for the survival of cancer cells. Herein, we reported that KIFC1 expression is up-regulated in breast cancer, particularly in estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative and triple negative breast cancer, and is not associated with epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. In addition, KIFC1 is highly expressed in all 8 tested human breast cancer cell lines, but is absent in normal human mammary epithelial cells and weakly expressed in 2 human lung fibroblast lines. Moreover, KIFC1 silencing significantly reduced breast cancer cell viability. Finally, we found that PJ34, a potent small molecule inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, suppressed KIFC1 expression and induced multipolar spindle formation in breast cancer cells, and inhibited cell viability and colony formation within the same concentration range, suggesting that KIFC1 suppression by PJ34 contributes to its anti-breast cancer activity. Together, these results suggest that KIFC1 is a novel promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Li
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Wenyan Lu
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- b Division of Preventive Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Rebecca J Boohaker
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Ling Zhai
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Indira Padmalayam
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA.,c Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM); University of Helsinki ; Helsinki , Finland
| | - Bo Xu
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- a Drug Discovery Division; Southern Research Institute ; Birmingham , AL USA
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22
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Dai X, Rulten SL, You C, Caldecott KW, Wang Y. Identification and Functional Characterizations of N-Terminal α-N-Methylation and Phosphorylation of Serine 461 in Human Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 3. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2575-82. [PMID: 25886813 PMCID: PMC4703312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3) is a member of the PARP family enzymes which catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of proteins. PARP3 plays an important role in DNA damage repair and mitotic progression. In this study, we identified, using mass spectrometric techniques, two novel post-translational modification sites in PARP3, α-N-methylation and phosphorylation of serine 461 (S461). We found that the N-terminal α-amino group of PARP3 is heavily methylated in human cells, and N-terminal RCC1 methyltransferase (NRMT) is a key enzyme required for this methylation. We also observed that the phosphorylation level of S461 in PARP3 could be reduced in human cells upon treatment with flavopiridol, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Moreover, we demonstrated that S461 phosphorylation, but not α-N-methylation of PARP3, may be involved in the cellular response toward DNA double-strand breaks. These findings provide novel insights into the post-translational regulation of PARP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Stuart L. Rulten
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - Changjun You
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Keith W. Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, U.K
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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23
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Quan JJ, Song JN, Qu JQ. PARP3 interacts with FoxM1 to confer glioblastoma cell radioresistance. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8617-24. [PMID: 26040766 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3), a critical player in cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), plays an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. However, the role of PARP3 in tumorigenesis especially in glioblastoma remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of PARP3 were upregulated in primary glioblastoma tissues. Knockdown of PARP3 expression by lentivirus-based shRNA decreased cell glioblastoma proliferation and inhibited tumor growth in vivo by using a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we found that silencing the expression of PARP3 resulted in a synergistic radiosensitizing effect when combined with radiotherapy in glioblastoma cell lines. At the molecular level, we found that PARP3 interacted with FoxM1 to enhance its transcriptional activity and conferred glioblastoma cell radioresistance. Thus, our data suggest that PARP3 could be a therapeutic target to overcome radioresistance in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ning Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
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24
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Carter-O'Connell I, Cohen MS. Identifying Direct Protein Targets of Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerases (PARPs) Using Engineered PARP Variants-Orthogonal Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Analog Pairs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:121-39. [PMID: 26344237 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) comprise a family of 17 distinct enzymes that catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to acceptor sites on protein targets. PARPs have been implicated in a number of essential signaling pathways regulating both normal cell function and pathophysiology. To understand the physiological role of each PARP family member in the cell we need to identify the direct targets for each unique PARP in a cellular context. PARP-family member-specific target identification is challenging because of their shared catalytic mechanism and functional redundancy. To address this challenge, we have engineered a PARP variant that efficiently uses an orthogonal NAD+ analog, an analog that endogenous PARPs cannot use, as a substrate for ADP-ribosylation. The protocols in this unit describe a general procedure for using engineered PARP variants-orthogonal NAD+ analog pairs for labeling and identifying the direct targets of the poly-subfamily of PARPs (PARPs 1-3, 5, and 6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Carter-O'Connell
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Program in Chemical Biology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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25
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Hottiger MO. Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation and Its Role in Chromatin Plasticity, Cell Differentiation, and Epigenetics. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:227-63. [PMID: 25747399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification with high biochemical complexity. It alters the function of modified proteins or provides a scaffold for the recruitment of other proteins and thus regulates several cellular processes. ADP-ribosylation is governed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and a subclass of sirtuins (writers), is sensed by proteins that contain binding modules (readers) that recognize specific parts of the ADP-ribosyl posttranslational modification, and is removed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases (erasers). The large amount of experimental data generated and technical progress made in the last decade have significantly advanced our knowledge of the function of ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions and their role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics and discusses current progress and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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26
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Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the aging process. Studies in model organisms have started to integrate mitochondrial effects on aging with the maintenance of protein homeostasis. These findings center on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), which has been implicated in lifespan extension in worms, flies, and mice, suggesting a conserved role in the long-term maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Here, we review current knowledge of the UPR(mt) and discuss its integration with cellular pathways known to regulate lifespan. We highlight how insight into the UPR(mt) is revolutionizing our understanding of mitochondrial lifespan extension and of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Borch Jensen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA.
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27
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Vyas S, Matic I, Uchima L, Rood J, Zaja R, Hay RT, Ahel I, Chang P. Family-wide analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4426. [PMID: 25043379 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein family generates ADP-ribose (ADPr) modifications onto target proteins using NAD(+) as substrate. Based on the composition of three NAD(+) coordinating amino acids, the H-Y-E motif, each PARP is predicted to generate either poly(ADPr) (PAR) or mono(ADPr) (MAR). However, the reaction product of each PARP has not been clearly defined, and is an important priority since PAR and MAR function via distinct mechanisms. Here we show that the majority of PARPs generate MAR, not PAR, and demonstrate that the H-Y-E motif is not the sole indicator of PARP activity. We identify automodification sites on seven PARPs, and demonstrate that MAR and PAR generating PARPs modify similar amino acids, suggesting that the sequence and structural constraints limiting PARPs to MAR synthesis do not limit their ability to modify canonical amino-acid targets. In addition, we identify cysteine as a novel amino-acid target for ADP-ribosylation on PARPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Vyas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ivan Matic
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lilen Uchima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jenny Rood
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roko Zaja
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.,Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Paul Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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28
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Lupo B, Trusolino L. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in cancer: old and new paradigms revisited. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:201-15. [PMID: 25026313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases actualized the biological concept of synthetic lethality in the clinical practice, yielding a paradigmatic example of translational medicine. The profound sensitivity of tumors with germline BRCA mutations to PARP1/2 blockade owes to inherent defects of the BRCA-dependent homologous recombination machinery, which are unleashed by interruption of PARP DNA repair activity and lead to DNA damage overload and cell death. Conversely, aspirant BRCA-like tumors harboring somatic DNA repair dysfunctions (a vast entity of genetic and epigenetic defects known as "BRCAness") not always align with the familial counterpart and appear not to be equally sensitive to PARP inhibition. The acquisition of secondary resistance in initially responsive patients and the lack of standardized biomarkers to identify "BRCAness" pose serious threats to the clinical advance of PARP inhibitors; a feeling is also emerging that a BRCA-centered perspective might have missed the influence of additional, not negligible and DNA repair-independent PARP contributions onto therapy outcome. While regulatory approval for PARP1/2 inhibitors is still pending, novel therapeutic opportunities are sprouting from different branches of the PARP family, although they remain immature for clinical extrapolation. This review is an endeavor to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the multifaceted biology of PARPs and their evolving impact on cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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29
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Beck C, Boehler C, Guirouilh Barbat J, Bonnet ME, Illuzzi G, Ronde P, Gauthier LR, Magroun N, Rajendran A, Lopez BS, Scully R, Boussin FD, Schreiber V, Dantzer F. PARP3 affects the relative contribution of homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5616-32. [PMID: 24598253 PMCID: PMC4027158 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of toxic double-strand breaks (DSB) is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity. The major mechanisms that cope with DSB are: homologous recombination (HR) and classical or alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ versus A-EJ). Because these pathways compete for the repair of DSB, the choice of the appropriate repair pathway is pivotal. Among the mechanisms that influence this choice, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) end resection plays a critical role by driving cells to HR, while accurate C-NHEJ is suppressed. Furthermore, end resection promotes error-prone A-EJ. Increasing evidence define Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3, also known as ARTD3) as an important player in cellular response to DSB. In this work, we reveal a specific feature of PARP3 that together with Ku80 limits DNA end resection and thereby helps in making the choice between HR and NHEJ pathways. PARP3 interacts with and PARylates Ku70/Ku80. The depletion of PARP3 impairs the recruitment of YFP-Ku80 to laser-induced DNA damage sites and induces an imbalance between BRCA1 and 53BP1. Both events result in compromised accurate C-NHEJ and a concomitant increase in DNA end resection. Nevertheless, HR is significantly reduced upon PARP3 silencing while the enhanced end resection causes mutagenic deletions during A-EJ. As a result, the absence of PARP3 confers hypersensitivity to anti-tumoral drugs generating DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Beck
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Boehler
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Josée Guirouilh Barbat
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR8200, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Elise Bonnet
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Giuditta Illuzzi
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Ronde
- Laboratoire de biophotonique et pharmacologie, UMR 7213, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent R Gauthier
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de radiopathologie, INSERM, U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Najat Magroun
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Anbazhagan Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR8200, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - François D Boussin
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de radiopathologie, INSERM, U967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, BP10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
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30
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Vyas S, Chesarone-Cataldo M, Todorova T, Huang YH, Chang P. A systematic analysis of the PARP protein family identifies new functions critical for cell physiology. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2240. [PMID: 23917125 PMCID: PMC3756671 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins use NAD+ as their substrate to modify acceptor proteins with adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) modifications. The function of most PARPs under physiological conditions is unknown. Here, to better understand this protein family, we systematically analyze the cell cycle localization of each PARP and of poly(ADP-ribose), a product of PARP activity, then identify the knock-down phenotype of each protein and perform secondary assays to elucidate function. We show that most PARPs are cytoplasmic, identify cell cycle differences in the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic poly(ADP-ribose), and identify four phenotypic classes of PARP function. These include the regulation of membrane structures, cell viability, cell division, and the actin cytoskeleton. Further analysis of PARP14 shows that it is a component of focal adhesion complexes required for proper cell motility and focal adhesion function. In total, we show that PARP proteins are critical regulators of eukaryotic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Vyas
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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31
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Yang L, Huang K, Li X, Du M, Kang X, Luo X, Gao L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tong Q, Huang K, Zhang F, Huang D. Identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 as a cell cycle regulator through modulating Sp1 mediated transcription in human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82872. [PMID: 24367566 PMCID: PMC3868549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Sp1 is implicated in the activation of G0/G1 phase genes. Modulation of Sp1 transcription activities may affect G1-S checkpoint, resulting in changes in cell proliferation. In this study, our results demonstrated that activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) promoted cell proliferation by inhibiting Sp1 signaling pathway. Cell proliferation and cell cycle assays demonstrated that PARP inhibitors or PARP-1 siRNA treatment significantly inhibited proliferation of hepatoma cells and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in hepatoma cells, while overexpression of PARP-1 or PARP-1 activator treatment promoted cell cycle progression. Simultaneously, inhibition of PARP-1 enhanced the expression of Sp1-mediated checkpoint proteins, such as p21 and p27. In this study, we also showed that Sp1 was poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by PARP-1 in hepatoma cells. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suppressed Sp1 mediated transcription through preventing Sp1 binding to the Sp1 response element present in the promoters of target genes. Taken together, these data indicated that PARP-1 inhibition attenuated the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Sp1 and significantly increased the expression of Sp1 target genes, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and the decreased proliferative ability of the hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Shilovsky GA, Khokhlov AN, Shram SI. The protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation system: its role in genome stability and lifespan determination. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:433-44. [PMID: 23848145 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913050015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The processes that lead to violation of genome integrity are known to increase with age. This phenomenon is caused both by increased production of reactive oxygen species and a decline in the efficiency of antioxidant defense system as well as systems maintaining genome stability. Accumulation of different unrepairable genome damage with age may be the cause of many age-related diseases and the development of phenotypic and physiological signs of aging. It is also clear that there is a close connection between the mechanisms of the maintenance of genome stability, on one hand, and the processes of spontaneous tumor formation and lifespan, on the other. In this regard, the system of protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activated in response to a variety of DNA damage seems to be of particular interest. Data accumulated to date suggest it to be a kind of focal point of cellular processes, guiding the path of cell survival or death depending on the degree of DNA damage. This review summarizes and analyzes data on the involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in various mechanisms of DNA repair, its interaction with progeria proteins, and the possible role in the development of spontaneous tumors and lifespan determination. Special attention is given to the relationship between various polymorphisms of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Shilovsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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33
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Zou J, Tian F, Li J, Pickner W, Long M, Rezvani K, Wang H, Zhang D. FancJ regulates interstrand crosslinker induced centrosome amplification through the activation of polo-like kinase 1. Biol Open 2013; 2:1022-31. [PMID: 24167712 PMCID: PMC3798185 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) and the centrosome cycle are two of the most critical processes for maintaining a stable genome in animals. Sporadic evidence suggests a connection between these two processes. Here, we report our findings that six Fanconi Anemia (FA) proteins, including FancI and FancJ, localize to the centrosome. Intriguingly, we found that the localization of FancJ to the mother centrosome is stimulated by a DNA interstrand crosslinker, Mitomycin C (MMC). We further show that, in addition to its role in interstrand crosslinking (ICL) repair, FancJ also regulates the normal centrosome cycle as well as ICL induced centrosome amplification by activating the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). We have uncovered a novel function of FancJ in centrosome biogenesis and established centrosome amplification as an integral part of the ICL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Zou
- Basic Biomedical Science Division, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, South Dakota, 57069 , USA
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34
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Masutani M, Fujimori H. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in carcinogenesis. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:1202-16. [PMID: 23714734 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer develops through diverse genetic, epigenetic and other changes, so-called 'multi-step carcinogenesis', and each cancer harbors different alterations and properties. Here in this article we review how poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in multi-step and diverse pathways of carcinogenesis. Involvement of poly- and mono-ADP-ribosylation in carcinogenesis has been studied at molecular and cellular levels, and further by animal models and human genetic approaches. PolyADP-ribosylation acts in DNA damage repair response and maintenance mechanisms of genomic stability. Several DNA repair pathways, including base-excision repair and double strand break repair pathways, involve PARP and PARG functions. These care-taker functions of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suggest that polyADP-ribosyation may mainly act in a tumor suppressive manner because genomic instability caused by defective DNA repair response could serve as a driving force for tumor progression, leading to invasion, metastasis and relapse of cancer. On the other hand, the new concept of 'synthetic lethality by PARP inhibition' suggests the significance of PARP activities for survival of cancer cells that harbor defects in DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has revealed that some PARP family molecules are involved in various signaling cascades other than DNA repair, including epigenetic and transcriptional regulations, inflammation/immune response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, suggesting that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation both promotes and suppresses carcinogenic processes depending on the conditions. Expanding understanding of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suggests that strategies to achieve cancer prevention targeting poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation for genome protection against life-long exposure to environmental carcinogens and endogenous carcinogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Masutani
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan.
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Feng X, Koh DW. Roles of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in DNA damage and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:227-81. [PMID: 23809438 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the primary enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), an essential biopolymer that is synthesized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in the cell. By regulating the hydrolytic arm of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, PARG participates in a number of biological processes, including the repair of DNA damage, chromatin dynamics, transcriptional regulation, and cell death. Collectively, the research investigating the roles of PARG in the cell has identified the importance of PARG and its value as a therapeutic target. However, the biological role of PARG remains less understood than the role of PAR synthesis by the PARPs. Further complicating the study of PARG is the existence of multiple PARG isoforms in the cell, the lack of optimal PARG inhibitors, and the lack of viable PARG-null animals. This review will present our current knowledge of PARG, with a focus on its roles in DNA-damage repair and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Dantas TJ, Daly OM, Morrison CG. Such small hands: the roles of centrins/caltractins in the centriole and in genome maintenance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2979-97. [PMID: 22460578 PMCID: PMC11114748 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Centrins are small, highly conserved members of the EF-hand superfamily of calcium-binding proteins that are found throughout eukaryotes. They play a major role in ensuring the duplication and appropriate functioning of the ciliary basal bodies in ciliated cells. They have also been localised to the centrosome, which is the major microtubule organising centre in animal somatic cells. We describe the identification, cloning and characterisation of centrins in multiple eukaryotic species. Although centrins have been implicated in centriole biogenesis, recent results have indicated that centrosome duplication can, in fact, occur in the absence of centrins. We discuss these data and the non-centrosomal functions that are emerging for the centrins. In particular, we discuss the involvement of centrins in nucleotide excision repair, a process that repairs the DNA lesions that are induced primarily by ultraviolet irradiation. We discuss how centrin may be involved in these diverse processes and contribute to nuclear and cytoplasmic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago J. Dantas
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Owen M. Daly
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran G. Morrison
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Kim MK, Dudognon C, Smith S. Tankyrase 1 regulates centrosome function by controlling CPAP stability. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:724-32. [PMID: 22699936 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CPAP--a gene mutated in primary microcephaly--is required for procentriole formation. Here we show that CPAP degradation and function is controlled by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase tankyrase 1. CPAP is PARsylated by tankyrase 1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of tankyrase 1 leads to CPAP proteasomal degradation, preventing centriole duplication, whereas depletion of tankyrase 1 stabilizes CPAP in G1, generating elongated procentrioles and multipolarity. Tankyrase 1 localizes to centrosomes exclusively in G1, coinciding with CPAP degradation. Hence, tankyrase 1-mediated PARsylation regulates CPAP levels during the cell cycle to limit centriole elongation and ensure normal centrosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Kim
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Li J, Kim S, Kobayashi T, Liang FX, Korzeniewski N, Duensing S, Dynlacht BD. Neurl4, a novel daughter centriole protein, prevents formation of ectopic microtubule organizing centres. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:547-53. [PMID: 22441691 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we identify Neuralized homologue 4 (Neurl4) as a protein that interacts with CP110, a centrosomal protein that regulates centrosome duplication. Neurl4 uses a Neuralized homology repeat to preferentially localize to procentrioles and daughter centrioles. Neurl4 depletion results in ectopic microtubular organizing centres (MTOCs), leading to accumulation of CP110 and recruitment of a cohort of centrosomal proteins. We show that these ectopic MTOCs persist through mitosis and assemble aberrant mitotic spindles. Interestingly, Neurl4 promotes ubiquitylation of CP110, thereby destabilizing this protein. Our results indicate that Neurl4 counteracts accumulation of CP110, thereby maintaining normal centriolar homeostasis and preventing formation of ectopic MTOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Pathology, OCS Microscopy Core, New York University School of Medicine and Cancer Institute, 522 First Avenue, Smilow 1106, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Yu M, Zhang C, Yang Y, Yang Z, Zhao L, Xu L, Wang R, Zhou X, Huang P. The interaction between the PARP10 protein and the NS1 protein of H5N1 AIV and its effect on virus replication. Virol J 2011; 8:546. [PMID: 22176891 PMCID: PMC3287249 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the process that AIV infect hosts, the NS1 protein can act on hosts, change corresponding signal pathways, promote the translation of virus proteins and result in virus replication. Results In our study, we found that PARP domain and Glu-rich region of PARP10 interacted with NS1, and the presence of NS1 could induce PARP10 migrate from cytoplasm to nucleus. NS1 high expression could reduce the endogenous PARP10 expression. Cell cycle analysis showed that with inhibited PARP10 expression, NS1 could induce cell arrest in G2-M stage, and the percentage of cells in G2-M stage rise from the previous 10%-45%, consistent with the cell proliferation result. Plague forming unit measurement showed that inhibited PARP10 expression could help virus replication. Conclusions In a word, our results showed that NS1 acts on host cells and PARP10 plays a regulating role in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbin Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
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Helleday T. The underlying mechanism for the PARP and BRCA synthetic lethality: clearing up the misunderstandings. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:387-93. [PMID: 21821475 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors effectively kill tumours defective in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes through the concept of synthetic lethality. It is suggested that PARP inhibitors cause an increase in DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), which are converted during replication to irreparable toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in BRCA1/2 defective cells. There are a number of recent reports challenging this model. Here, alternative models that are not mutually exclusive are presented to explain the synthetic lethality between BRCA1/2 and PARP inhibitors. One such model proposes that PARP inhibition causes PARP-1 to be trapped onto DNA repair intermediates, especially during base excision repair. This may in turn cause obstruction to replication forks, which require BRCA-dependent homologous recombination to be resolved. In another model, PARP is directly involved in catalysing replication repair in a distinct pathway from homologous recombination. Experimental evidence supporting these novel models to explain the PARP-BRCA synthetic lethality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Helleday
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology & Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Novel asymmetrically localizing components of human centrosomes identified by complementary proteomics methods. EMBO J 2011; 30:1520-35. [PMID: 21399614 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes in animal cells are dynamic organelles with a proteinaceous matrix of pericentriolar material assembled around a pair of centrioles. They organize the microtubule cytoskeleton and the mitotic spindle apparatus. Mature centrioles are essential for biogenesis of primary cilia that mediate key signalling events. Despite recent advances, the molecular basis for the plethora of processes coordinated by centrosomes is not fully understood. We have combined protein identification and localization, using PCP-SILAC mass spectrometry, BAC transgeneOmics, and antibodies to define the constituents of human centrosomes. From a background of non-specific proteins, we distinguished 126 known and 40 candidate centrosomal proteins, of which 22 were confirmed as novel components. An antibody screen covering 4000 genes revealed an additional 113 candidates. We illustrate the power of our methods by identifying a novel set of five proteins preferentially associated with mother or daughter centrioles, comprising genes implicated in cell polarity. Pulsed labelling demonstrates a remarkable variation in the stability of centrosomal protein complexes. These spatiotemporal proteomics data provide leads to the further functional characterization of centrosomal proteins.
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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3), a newcomer in cellular response to DNA damage and mitotic progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:2783-8. [PMID: 21270334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016574108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADP ribosyl transferase [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] ARTD3(PARP3) is a newly characterized member of the ARTD(PARP) family that catalyzes the reaction of ADP ribosylation, a key posttranslational modification of proteins involved in different signaling pathways from DNA damage to energy metabolism and organismal memory. This enzyme shares high structural similarities with the DNA repair enzymes PARP1 and PARP2 and accordingly has been found to catalyse poly(ADP ribose) synthesis. However, relatively little is known about its in vivo cellular properties. By combining biochemical studies with the generation and characterization of loss-of-function human and mouse models, we describe PARP3 as a newcomer in genome integrity and mitotic progression. We report a particular role of PARP3 in cellular response to double-strand breaks, most likely in concert with PARP1. We identify PARP3 as a critical player in the stabilization of the mitotic spindle and in telomere integrity notably by associating and regulating the mitotic components NuMA and tankyrase 1. Both functions open stimulating prospects for specifically targeting PARP3 in cancer therapy.
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Rouleau M, Saxena V, Rodrigue A, Paquet ER, Gagnon A, Hendzel MJ, Masson JY, Ekker M, Poirier GG. A key role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 in ectodermal specification and neural crest development. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15834. [PMID: 21264220 PMCID: PMC3022025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The PARP family member poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (PARP3) is structurally related to the well characterized PARP1 that orchestrates cellular responses to DNA strand breaks and cell death by the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose). In contrast to PARP1 and PARP2, the functions of PARP3 are undefined. Here, we reveal critical functions for PARP3 during vertebrate development. Principal Findings We have used several in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine the possible functions of PARP3 as a transcriptional regulator, a function suggested from its previously reported association with several Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. We demonstrate that PARP3 gene occupancy in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH occurs preferentially with developmental genes regulating cell fate specification, tissue patterning, craniofacial development and neurogenesis. Addressing the significance of this association during zebrafish development, we show that morpholino oligonucleotide-directed inhibition of parp3 expression in zebrafish impairs the expression of the neural crest cell specifier sox9a and of dlx3b/dlx4b, the formation of cranial sensory placodes, inner ears and pectoral fins. It delays pigmentation and severely impedes the development of the median fin fold and tail bud. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that Parp3 is crucial in the early stages of zebrafish development, possibly by exerting its transcriptional regulatory functions as early as during the specification of the neural plate border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Rouleau
- Cancer Research Laboratory, CHUQ Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amélie Rodrigue
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric R. Paquet
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Abbie Gagnon
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael J. Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Guy G. Poirier
- Cancer Research Laboratory, CHUQ Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Amé JC, Kalisch T, Dantzer F, Schreiber V. Purification of recombinant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 780:135-52. [PMID: 21870259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-270-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purification of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases from overexpressing cells (Sf9 insect cells, Escherichia coli) has been updated to a fast and reproducible three chromatographic steps protocol. After cell lysis, proteins from the crude extract are separated on a Heparine Sepharose™ column. The PARP-containing fractions are then affinity purified on a 3-aminobenzamide Sepharose™ chromatographic step. The last contaminants and the 3-methoxybenzamide used to elute the PARP from the previous affinity column are removed on the high-performance strong cations exchanger Source™ 15S matrix. The columns connected to an ÄKTA™ purifier system allow the purification of PARPs in 3 days with a high-yield recovery. As described in the protocol, more than 11 mg of pure and highly active mouse PARP-2 can be obtained from 1 L of Sf9 insect cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Amé
- Groupe Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation et Intégrité du Génome, FRE3211 du CNRS, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de, Strasbourg, France
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Mangerich A, Bürkle A. How to kill tumor cells with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:251-65. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Citarelli M, Teotia S, Lamb RS. Evolutionary history of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene family in eukaryotes. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:308. [PMID: 20942953 PMCID: PMC2964712 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily was originally identified as enzymes that catalyze the attachment of ADP-ribose subunits to target proteins using NAD+ as a substrate. The family is characterized by the catalytic site, termed the PARP signature. While these proteins can be found in a range of eukaryotes, they have been best studied in mammals. In these organisms, PARPs have key functions in DNA repair, genome integrity and epigenetic regulation. More recently it has been found that proteins within the PARP superfamily have altered catalytic sites, and have mono(ADP-ribose) transferase (mART) activity or are enzymatically inactive. These findings suggest that the PARP signature has a broader range of functions that initially predicted. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary history of PARP genes across the eukaryotes. RESULTS We identified in silico 236 PARP proteins from 77 species across five of the six eukaryotic supergroups. We performed extensive phylogenetic analyses of the identified PARPs. They are found in all eukaryotic supergroups for which sequence is available, but some individual lineages within supergroups have independently lost these genes. The PARP superfamily can be subdivided into six clades. Two of these clades were likely found in the last common eukaryotic ancestor. In addition, we have identified PARPs in organisms in which they have not previously been described. CONCLUSIONS Three main conclusions can be drawn from our study. First, the broad distribution and pattern of representation of PARP genes indicates that the ancestor of all extant eukaryotes encoded proteins of this type. Second, the ancestral PARP proteins had different functions and activities. One of these proteins was similar to human PARP1 and likely functioned in DNA damage response. The second of the ancestral PARPs had already evolved differences in its catalytic domain that suggest that these proteins may not have possessed poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity. Third, the diversity of the PARP superfamily is larger than previously documented, suggesting as more eukaryotic genomes become available, this gene family will grow in both number and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Citarelli
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Molcular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Rebecca S Lamb
- Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Ohio State University, 500 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Molcular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Min W, Cortes U, Herceg Z, Tong WM, Wang ZQ. Deletion of the nuclear isoform of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) reveals its function in DNA repair, genomic stability and tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:2058-65. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Karlberg T, Hammarström M, Schütz P, Svensson L, Schüler H. Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human PARP2 in complex with PARP inhibitor ABT-888. Biochemistry 2010; 49:1056-8. [PMID: 20092359 DOI: 10.1021/bi902079y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD(+) to specific residues in their substrate proteins or to growing ADP-ribose chains. PARP activity is involved in processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcription control, and DNA repair. Inhibitors of PARP activity may be useful in cancer therapy. PARP2 is the family member that is most similar to PARP1, and the two can act together as heterodimers. We used X-ray crystallography to determine two structures of the catalytic domain of human PARP2: the complexes with PARP inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide and ABT-888. These results contribute to our understanding of structural features and compound properties that can be employed to develop selective inhibitors of human ADP-ribosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Karlberg
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles vag 2, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Grahnert A, Grahnert A, Klein C, Schilling E, Wehrhahn J, Hauschildt S. Review: NAD +: a modulator of immune functions. Innate Immun 2010; 17:212-33. [PMID: 20388721 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910361989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Latterly, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a molecule with versatile functions and of enormous impact on the maintenance of cell integrity. Besides playing key roles in almost all major aspects of energy metabolism, there is mounting evidence that NAD+ and its degradation products affect various biological activities including calcium homeostasis, gene transcription, DNA repair, and intercellular communication. This review is aimed at giving a brief insight into the life cycle of NAD+ in the cell, referring to synthesis, action and degradation aspects. With respect to their immunological relevance, the importance and function of the major NAD+ metabolizing enzymes, namely CD38/CD157, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins are summarized and roles of NAD+ and its main degradation product adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) in cell signaling are discussed. In addition, an outline of the variety of immunological processes depending on the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis, is presented. Taken together, an efficient supply of NAD+ seems to be a crucial need for a multitude of cell functions, underlining the yet only partly revealed potency of this small molecule to influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Grahnert
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, Leipzig, Germany
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