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Xie S, Yang Y, Jin Z, Liu X, Zhang S, Su N, Liu J, Li C, Zhang D, Gao L, Yang Z. Mouse KL2 is a unique MTSE involved in chromosome-based spindle organization and regulated by multiple kinases during female meiosis. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:1-15. [PMID: 38808565 PMCID: PMC11461529 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing enzymes (MTSEs) play important roles in mitosis and meiosis of the primitive organisms. However, no studies have assessed their roles in mammalian meiosis of females, whose abnormality accounts for over 80% of the cases of gamete-originated human reproductive disease. In the current study, we reported that katanin-like 2 (KL2) was the only MTSE concentrating at chromosomes. Furthermore, the knockdown of KL2 significantly reduced chromosome-based increase in the microtubule (MT) polymer, increased aberrant kinetochore-MT (K-MT) attachment, delayed meiosis, and severely affected normal fertility. Importantly, we demonstrated that the inhibition of aurora B, a key kinase for correcting aberrant K-MT attachment, eliminated KL2 from chromosomes completely. KL2 also interacted with phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase; they competed for chromosome binding. We also observed that the phosphorylated KL2 was localized at spindle poles, and that KL2 phosphorylation was regulated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. In summary, our study reveals a novel function of MTSEs in mammalian female meiosis and demonstrates that multiple kinases coordinate to regulate the levels of KL2 at chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Xie
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaocong Liu
- Laboratory Department of Shihezi People's Hospital, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832099, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ning Su
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Congrong Li
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Leilei Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhixia Yang
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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2
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Smart K, Sharp DJ. The fidgetin family: Shaking things up among the microtubule-severing enzymes. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:151-166. [PMID: 37823563 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton is required for several crucial cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, cell polarity and orientation, and intracellular transport. These functions rely on microtubule stability and dynamics, which are regulated by microtubule-binding proteins (MTBPs). One such type of regulator is the microtubule-severing enzymes (MSEs), which are ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities (AAA+ ATPases). The most recently identified family are the fidgetins, which contain three members: fidgetin, fidgetin-like 1 (FL1), and fidgetin-like 2 (FL2). Of the three known MSE families, the fidgetins have the most diverse range of functions in the cell, spanning mitosis/meiosis, development, cell migration, DNA repair, and neuronal function. Furthermore, they offer intriguing novel therapeutic targets for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and wound healing. In the two decades since their first report, there has been great progress in our understanding of the fidgetins; however, there is still much left unknown about this unusual family. This review aims to consolidate the present body of knowledge of the fidgetin family of MSEs and to inspire deeper exploration into the fidgetins and the MSEs as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Smart
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David J Sharp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Microcures, Inc., Bronx, New York, USA
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Zhang Q, Fan J, Xu W, Cao H, Qiu C, Xiong Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Huang J, Yu C. The FLIP-FIGNL1 complex regulates the dissociation of RAD51/DMC1 in homologous recombination and replication fork restart. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8606-8622. [PMID: 37439366 PMCID: PMC10484675 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of RAD51 and/or DMC1 recombinases to single-strand DNA is indispensable for homology search and strand invasion in homologous recombination (HR) and for protection of nascent DNA strands at stalled replication forks. Thereafter RAD51/DMC1 dissociate, actively or passively, from these joint molecules upon DNA repair or releasing from replication stress. However, the mechanism that regulates RAD51/DMC1 dissociation and its physiological importance remain elusive. Here, we show that a FLIP-FIGNL1 complex regulates RAD51 and DMC1 dissociation to promote meiotic recombination and replication fork restart in mammals. Mice lacking FLIP are embryonic lethal, while germline-specific deletion of FLIP leads to infertility in both males and females. FLIP-null meiocytes are arrested at a zygotene-like stage with massive RAD51 and DMC1 foci, which frequently co-localize with SHOC1 and TEX11. Furthermore, FLIP interacts with FIGNL1. Depletion of FLIP or FIGNL1 in cell lines destabilizes each other and impairs RAD51 dissociation. Thus, the active dissociation of RAD51/DMC1 by the FLIP-FIGNL1 complex is a crucial step required for HR and replication fork restart, and represents a conserved mechanism in somatic cells and germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jiayi Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Huacun Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhejiang, China
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Florsheim N, Naugolni L, Zahdeh F, Lobel O, Terespolsky B, Michaelson-Cohen R, Gold MY, Goldberg M, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, Zangen D. Loss of function of FIGNL1, a DNA damage response gene, causes human ovarian dysgenesis. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:K7-K14. [PMID: 37740949 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian dysgenesis (OD), an XX disorder of sex development, presents with primary amenorrhea, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, and infertility. In an Ashkenazi Jewish patient with OD, whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous frameshifts in FIGNL1, a DNA damage response (DDR) gene: c.189del and c.1519_1523del. Chromosomal breakage was significantly increased in patient cells, both spontaneously, and following mitomycin C exposure. Transfection of DYK-tagged FIGNL1 constructs in HEK293 cells showed no detectable protein in FIGNL1c.189del and truncation with reduced expression in FIGNL1c.1519_1523del (64% of wild-type [WT], P = .003). FIGNL1 forms nuclear foci increased by phleomycin treatment (20.6 ± 1.6 vs 14.8 ± 2.4, P = .02). However, mutant constructs showed reduced DYK-FIGNL1 foci formation in non-treated cells (0.8 ± 0.9 and 5.6 ± 1.5 vs 14.8 ± 2.4 in DYK-FIGNL1WT, P < .001) and no increase with phleomycin treatment. In conclusion, FIGNL1 loss of function is a newly characterized OD gene, highlighting the DDR pathway's role in ovarian development and maintenance and suggesting chromosomal breakage as an assessment tool in XX-DSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Florsheim
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Larisa Naugolni
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Institute, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Fouad Zahdeh
- Translational Genomics Lab, Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Lobel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batel Terespolsky
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Michaelson-Cohen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav Y Gold
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Goldberg
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Zangen
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Microtubule-severing protein Fidgetin-like 1 promotes spindle organization during meiosis of mouse oocytes. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:872-881. [PMID: 36148793 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-severing proteins (MTSPs) play important roles in mitosis and interphase. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the role of MTSPs in female meiosis in mammals. It was found that FIGNL1, a member of MTSPs, was predominantly expressed in mouse oocytes and distributed at the spindle poles during meiosis in the present study. FIGNL1 was co-localized and interacted with γ-tubulin, an important component of the microtubule tissue centre (MTOC). Fignl1 knockdown by specific small interfering RNA caused spindle defects characterized by an abnormal length:width ratio and decreased microtubule density, which consequently led to aberrant chromosome arrangement, oocyte maturation and fertilization obstacles. In conclusion, the present results suggested that FIGNL1 may be an essential factor in oocyte maturation by influencing the meiosis process via the formation of spindles.
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Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Proteolysis in Reproduction: Lessons From Gene-Modified Organism Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876370. [PMID: 35600599 PMCID: PMC9114714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of proteolysis are not limited to degrading unnecessary proteins. Proteolysis plays pivotal roles in various biological processes through cleaving peptide bonds to activate and inactivate proteins including enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors. As a wide range of cellular processes is regulated by proteolysis, abnormalities or dysregulation of such proteolytic processes therefore often cause diseases. Recent genetic studies have clarified the inclusion of proteases and protease inhibitors in various reproductive processes such as development of gonads, generation and activation of gametes, and physical interaction between gametes in various species including yeast, animals, and plants. Such studies not only clarify proteolysis-related factors but the biological processes regulated by proteolysis for successful reproduction. Here the physiological roles of proteases and proteolysis in reproduction will be reviewed based on findings using gene-modified organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Spastin interacts with CRMP5 to promote spindle organization in mouse oocytes by severing microtubules. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:80-91. [PMID: 34034836 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-severing protein (MTSP) is critical for the survival of both mitotic and postmitotic cells. However, the study of MTSP during meiosis of mammalian oocytes has not been reported. We found that spastin, a member of the MTSP family, was highly expressed in oocytes and aggregated in spindle microtubules. After knocking down spastin by specific siRNA, the spindle microtubule density of meiotic oocytes decreased significantly. When the oocytes were cultured in vitro, the oocytes lacking spastin showed an obvious maturation disorder. Considering the microtubule-severing activity of spastin, we speculate that spastin on spindles may increase the number of microtubule broken ends by severing the microtubules, therefore playing a nucleating role, promoting spindle assembly and ensuring normal meiosis. In addition, we found the colocalization and interaction of collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) and spastin in oocytes. CRMP5 can provide structural support and promote microtubule aggregation, creating transportation routes, and can interact with spastin in the microtubule activity of nerve cells (30). Knocking down CRMP5 may lead to spindle abnormalities and developmental disorders in oocytes. Overexpression of spastin may reverse the abnormal phenotype caused by the deletion of CRMP5. In summary, our data support a model in which the interaction between spastin and CRMP5 promotes the assembly of spindle microtubules in oocytes by controlling microtubule dynamics, therefore ensuring normal meiosis.
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8
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Tubulin modifying enzymes as target for the treatment oftau-related diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107681. [PMID: 32961263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the number and length of microtubules (MTs) are significantly and selectively reduced. MTs are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, and defects of the microtubular system have emerged as a unifying hypothesis for the heterogeneous and variable clinical presentations of AD. MTs orchestrate their numerous functions through the spatiotemporal regulation of the binding of specialised microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors. Covalent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on the tubulin C-termini that protrude at the surface of MTs regulate the binding of these effectors. In neurons, MAP tau is highly abundant and its abnormal dissociation from MTs in the axon, cellular mislocalization and hyperphosphorylation, are primary events leading to neuronal death. Consequently, compounds targeting tau phosphorylation or aggregation are currently evaluated but their clinical significance has not been demonstrated yet. In this review, we discuss the emerging link between tubulin PTMs and tau dysfunction. In neurons, high levels of glutamylation and detyrosination profoundly impact the physicochemical properties at the surface of MTs. Moreover, in patients with early-onset progressive neurodegeneration, deleterious mutations in enzymes involved in modifying MTs at the surface have recently been identified, underscoring the importance of this enzymatic machinery in neurology. We postulate that pharmacologically targeting the tubulin-modifying enzymes holds promise as therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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NPR1 and Redox Rhythmx: Connections, between Circadian Clock and Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051211. [PMID: 30857376 PMCID: PMC6429127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in plants synchronizes biological processes that display cyclic 24-h oscillation based on metabolic and physiological reactions. This clock is a precise timekeeping system, that helps anticipate diurnal changes; e.g., expression levels of clock-related genes move in synchrony with changes in pathogen infection and help prepare appropriate defense responses in advance. Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone and immune signal involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-mediated defense responses. SA signaling induces cellular redox changes, and degradation and rhythmic nuclear translocation of the non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) protein. Recent studies demonstrate the ability of the circadian clock to predict various potential attackers, and of redox signaling to determine appropriate defense against pathogen infection. Interaction of the circadian clock with redox rhythm promotes the balance between immunity and growth. We review here a variety of recent evidence for the intricate relationship between circadian clock and plant immune response, with a focus on the roles of redox rhythm and NPR1 in the circadian clock and plant immunity.
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Fernandes JB, Duhamel M, Seguéla-Arnaud M, Froger N, Girard C, Choinard S, Solier V, De Winne N, De Jaeger G, Gevaert K, Andrey P, Grelon M, Guerois R, Kumar R, Mercier R. FIGL1 and its novel partner FLIP form a conserved complex that regulates homologous recombination. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007317. [PMID: 29608566 PMCID: PMC5897033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination is central to repair DNA double-strand breaks, either accidently arising in mitotic cells or in a programed manner at meiosis. Crossovers resulting from the repair of meiotic breaks are essential for proper chromosome segregation and increase genetic diversity of the progeny. However, mechanisms regulating crossover formation remain elusive. Here, we identified through genetic and protein-protein interaction screens FIDGETIN-LIKE-1 INTERACTING PROTEIN (FLIP) as a new partner of the previously characterized anti-crossover factor FIDGETIN-LIKE-1 (FIGL1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that FLIP limits meiotic crossover together with FIGL1. Further, FLIP and FIGL1 form a protein complex conserved from Arabidopsis to human. FIGL1 interacts with the recombinases RAD51 and DMC1, the enzymes that catalyze the DNA strand exchange step of homologous recombination. Arabidopsis flip mutants recapitulate the figl1 phenotype, with enhanced meiotic recombination associated with change in counts of DMC1 and RAD51 foci. Our data thus suggests that FLIP and FIGL1 form a conserved complex that regulates the crucial step of strand invasion in homologous recombination. Homologous recombination is a DNA repair mechanism that is essential to preserve the integrity of genetic information and thus to prevent cancer formation. Homologous recombination is also used during sexual reproduction to generate genetic diversity in the offspring by shuffling parental chromosomes. Here, we identified a novel protein complex (FLIP-FIGL1) that regulates homologous recombination and is conserved from plants to mammals. This suggests the existence of a novel mode of regulation at a central step of homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joiselle Blanche Fernandes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marine Duhamel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Seguéla-Arnaud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Nicole Froger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Chloé Girard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Choinard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Victor Solier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Andrey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
| | - Raphael Guerois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
- * E-mail: (RK); (RM)
| | - Raphaël Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10,Versailles, France
- * E-mail: (RK); (RM)
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11
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Fassier C, Fréal A, Gasmi L, Delphin C, Ten Martin D, De Gois S, Tambalo M, Bosc C, Mailly P, Revenu C, Peris L, Bolte S, Schneider-Maunoury S, Houart C, Nothias F, Larcher JC, Andrieux A, Hazan J. Motor axon navigation relies on Fidgetin-like 1-driven microtubule plus end dynamics. J Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29535193 PMCID: PMC5940295 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fassier et al. identify Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as a key growth cone (GC)-enriched microtubule (MT)-associated protein in motor circuit wiring. They show that Fignl1 modulates motor GC morphology and steering behavior by down-regulating EB binding at MT plus ends and promoting MT depolymerization beneath the cell cortex. During neural circuit assembly, extrinsic signals are integrated into changes in growth cone (GC) cytoskeleton underlying axon guidance decisions. Microtubules (MTs) were shown to play an instructive role in GC steering. However, the numerous actors required for MT remodeling during axon navigation and their precise mode of action are far from being deciphered. Using loss- and gain-of-function analyses during zebrafish development, we identify in this study the meiotic clade adenosine triphosphatase Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as a key GC-enriched MT-interacting protein in motor circuit wiring and larval locomotion. We show that Fignl1 controls GC morphology and behavior at intermediate targets by regulating MT plus end dynamics and growth directionality. We further reveal that alternative translation of Fignl1 transcript is a sophisticated mechanism modulating MT dynamics: a full-length isoform regulates MT plus end–tracking protein binding at plus ends, whereas shorter isoforms promote their depolymerization beneath the cell cortex. Our study thus pinpoints Fignl1 as a multifaceted key player in MT remodeling underlying motor circuit connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Fassier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Fréal
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Laïla Gasmi
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Christian Delphin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Ten Martin
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie De Gois
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Monica Tambalo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Céline Revenu
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Susanne Bolte
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FR3631, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biologie du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Houart
- Medical Research Council Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, England, UK
| | - Fatiha Nothias
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Larcher
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Biologie du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jamilé Hazan
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Unité de Neuroscience Paris Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8246, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1130, Paris, France
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12
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Ma J, Li J, Yao X, Lin S, Gu Y, Xu J, Deng Z, Ma W, Zhang H. FIGNL1 is overexpressed in small cell lung cancer patients and enhances NCI-H446 cell resistance to cisplatin and etoposide. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1935-1942. [PMID: 28260065 PMCID: PMC5367342 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DNA repair plays an important role in tumor occurrence, progression and resistance to therapy. Fidgetin-like 1 (FIGNL1) expression was assayed in 42 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 45 normal lung specimens from Chinese patients by qRT-PCR. Notably, FIGNL1 was upregulated by 1.5-fold in the SCLC specimens compared to that noted in the normal counterparts. The SCLC cell line NCI-H446 that overexpresses FIGNL1 was adopted to explore the biological significance of FIGNL1 in SCLC. Even when FIGNL1 expression was suppressed by up to 48.6%, H446 cell growth was increased by only 10–16%. Although no significant changes in cell cycle distribution were observed in the H446 cells, the levels of cyclin E1 and CDK2, key cell cycle regulators, were significantly reduced. After downregulation of FIGNL1 expression by 13.5% in the H446 cells, the cells were 61.8% (24 h) to 29.1% (48 h) more sensitive to etoposide and cisplatin, respectively, consistent with the FIGNL1 function of DNA double-strand repair. The sensitivity of H446 cells to etoposide and cisplatin was negatively correlated with FIGNL1 expression. Meanwhile, an obvious positive correlation between DNA damage severity and the sensitization effect of FIGNL1 knockdown was observed. Since FIGNL1 is essential in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, these findings suggest that abnormal activation of the HR pathway featured by FIGNL1 overexpression contributes to rapid progression and relapse of SCLC in addition to chemotherapy resistance. Further research assessing the functions and mechanisms of FIGNL1, and other HR pathway genes may disclose unique pathological characteristics of SCLC, and help identify potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Endoscopy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianfang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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13
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Zhang P, Zhang Y, Sun L, Sinumporn S, Yang Z, Sun B, Xuan D, Li Z, Yu P, Wu W, Wang K, Cao L, Cheng S. The Rice AAA-ATPase OsFIGNL1 Is Essential for Male Meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1639. [PMID: 29021797 PMCID: PMC5624289 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is crucial in reproduction of plants and ensuring genetic diversity. Although several genes involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair have been reported, their functions in rice (Oryza sativa) male meiosis remain poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized the rice OsFIGNL1 (OsFidgetin-like 1) gene, encoding a conserved AAA-ATPase, and explored its function and importance in male meiosis and pollen formation. The rice Osfignl1 mutant exhibited normal vegetative growth, but failed to produce seeds and displayed pollen abortion phenotype. Phenotypic comparisons between the wild-type and Osfignl1 mutant demonstrated that OsFIGNL1 is required for anther development, and that the recessive mutation of this gene causes male sterility in rice. Complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 experiments demonstrated that wild-type OsFIGNL1 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Subcellular localization showed that OsFIGNL1-green fluorescent protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. Male meiosis in the Osfignl1 mutant exhibited abnormal chromosome behavior, including chromosome bridges and multivalent chromosomes at diakinesis, lagging chromosomes, and chromosome fragments during meiosis. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated OsFIGNL1 could interact with RAD51A1, RAD51A2, DMC1A, DMC1B, and these physical interactions were further confirmed by BiFC assay. Taken together, our results suggest that OsFIGNL1 plays an important role in regulation of male meiosis and anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sittipun Sinumporn
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihe Li
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyong Cao, Shihua Cheng,
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyong Cao, Shihua Cheng,
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14
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Joly N, Martino L, Gigant E, Dumont J, Pintard L. Microtubule-severing activity of the AAA+ ATPase Katanin is essential for female meiotic spindle assembly. Development 2016; 143:3604-3614. [PMID: 27578779 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In most animals, female meiotic spindles are assembled in the absence of centrosomes. How microtubules (MTs) are organized into acentrosomal meiotic spindles is poorly understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, assembly of female meiotic spindles requires MEI-1 and MEI-2, which constitute the microtubule-severing AAA+ ATPase Katanin. However, the role of MEI-2 is not known and whether MT severing is required for meiotic spindle assembly is unclear. Here, we show that the essential role of MEI-2 is to confer MT binding to Katanin, which in turn stimulates the ATPase activity of MEI-1, leading to MT severing. To test directly the contribution of MT severing to meiotic spindle assembly, we engineered Katanin variants that retained MT binding and MT bundling activities but that were inactive for MT severing. In vivo analysis of these variants showed disorganized microtubules that lacked focused spindle poles reminiscent of the Katanin loss-of-function phenotype, demonstrating that the MT-severing activity is essential for meiotic spindle assembly in C. elegans Overall, our results reveal the essential role of MEI-2 and provide the first direct evidence supporting an essential role of MT severing in meiotic spindle assembly in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Joly
- Institut Jacques Monod, Cell Cycle and Development Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR7592, Paris 75013, France
| | - Lisa Martino
- Institut Jacques Monod, Cell Cycle and Development Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR7592, Paris 75013, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gigant
- Institut Jacques Monod, Cell Division and Reproduction Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR7592, Paris 75013, France
| | - Julien Dumont
- Institut Jacques Monod, Cell Division and Reproduction Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR7592, Paris 75013, France
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Institut Jacques Monod, Cell Cycle and Development Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Paris Diderot and Sorbonne Paris Cité UMR7592, Paris 75013, France
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15
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Zhao X, Jin M, Wang M, Sun L, Hong X, Cao Y, Wang C. Fidgetin-like 1 is a ciliogenesis-inhibitory centrosome protein. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2367-75. [PMID: 27384458 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1204059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fidgetin-like 1 (FIGL-1) is a homolog of fidgetin, an AAA protein that was identified as the protein encoded by the gene mutated in fidget mice. Because the phenotypes of fidget mice are reminiscent of the phenotypes of ciliopathy diseases, and because fidgetin has microtubule-severing activity, we hypothesize that these proteins participate in cilia-related processes. Indeed, overexpression of FIGL-1 interfered with ciliogenesis in cultured cells. In particular, overexpressed FIGL-1 strongly accumulated at the centrosome, and, when highly expressed, perturbed the localization of centrosomal proteins such as pericentrin, CP110, and centrin. Using a polyclonal antibody against human FIGL-1, we found that endogenous FIGL-1 localized preferentially around the mother centriole. Consistently, depletion of FIGL-1 by shRNA treatment enhanced ciliogenesis in HEK293T cells. By checking the integrity of the cytoplasmic microtubule network in FIGL-1-overexpressing cells, we found that FIGL-1 probably has microtubule-severing activity, as suggested by its sequence homology with other microtubule-severing proteins. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of FIGL-1 in zebrafish embryo decreased the length of cilia and perturbed the heart laterality. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FIGL-1 is a new centrosomal protein and inhibits ciliogenesis. These results extend the already long list of centrosomal proteins and provide new insights into the regulation of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lili Sun
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xuejiao Hong
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ying Cao
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- a Department of Central Laboratory , Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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16
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Silva JPE, Furtado AP, Santos JND. Ortleppascaris sp. and your host Rhinella marina: A proteomic view into a nematode-amphibian relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2014; 3:118-23. [PMID: 25161910 PMCID: PMC4142271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhinella marina is a synanthropic amphibian that offers great possibilities for the study of parasite–host relations. A complex protein profile, including neuroendocrine proteins indicating intense stress in the liver of the host. Important aspects of the host’s immune response plasticity are shown. This study contributes to knowledge of the biochemical aspects of the helminth–host interface.
The success of the helminth–host relationship depends on a biochemical molecular arsenal. Perhaps the proteome is the largest and most important set of this weaponry, in which the proteins have a crucial role in vital processes to the parasite/host relationship, from basic metabolism and energy production to complex immune responses. Nowadays, the bioproducts expressed by the parasites are under the “spotlight” of immunoassays and biochemical analysis in helminthology, especially in proteomic analysis, which has provided valuable information about the physiology of the infecting agent. Looking into this point of view, why not turn to the infected agent as well? This study characterised the proteomic profile of fluid-filled fibrous cysts of encapsulated Ortleppascaris sp. larvae in the hepatic parenchyma of their intermediate host, the amphibian Rhinella marina. The proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by MS with the aid of Peptide Mass Fingerprint. A total of 54 molecules were analysed in this system, revealing a complex protein profile with molecules related to basic metabolic processes of the parasite, energy production, oxi-reduction and oxidative stress processes as well as molecules related to the host response. This study contributes to proteomic studies of protein markers of the development, infectivity, virulence and co-existence of helminths and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Pereira E Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriano Penha Furtado
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology (Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia) "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Biological Sciences Institute (Instituto de Ciências Biológicas), Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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17
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Peng W, Lin Z, Li W, Lu J, Shen Y, Wang C. Structural insights into the unusually strong ATPase activity of the AAA domain of the Caenorhabditis elegans fidgetin-like 1 (FIGL-1) protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29305-12. [PMID: 23979136 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.502559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The FIGL-1 (fidgetin like-1) protein is a homolog of fidgetin, a protein whose mutation leads to multiple developmental defects. The FIGL-1 protein contains an AAA (ATPase associated with various activities) domain and belongs to the AAA superfamily. However, the biological functions and developmental implications of this protein remain unknown. Here, we show that the AAA domain of the Caenorhabditis elegans FIGL-1 protein (CeFIGL-1-AAA), in clear contrast to homologous AAA domains, has an unusually high ATPase activity and forms a hexamer in solution. By determining the crystal structure of CeFIGL-1-AAA, we found that the loop linking helices α9 and α10 folds into the short helix α9a, which has an acidic surface and interacts with a positively charged surface of the neighboring subunit. Disruption of this charge interaction by mutagenesis diminishes both the ATPase activity and oligomerization capacity of the protein. Interestingly, the acidic residues in helix α9a of CeFIGL-1-AAA are not conserved in other homologous AAA domains that have relatively low ATPase activities. These results demonstrate that the sequence of CeFIGL-1-AAA has adapted to establish an intersubunit charge interaction, which contributes to its strong oligomerization and ATPase activity. These unique properties of CeFIGL-1-AAA distinguish it from other homologous proteins, suggesting that CeFIGL-1 may have a distinct biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Peng
- From the Institute of Protein Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 and
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18
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Juranić M, Srilunchang KO, Krohn NG, Leljak-Levanić D, Sprunck S, Dresselhaus T. Germline-specific MATH-BTB substrate adaptor MAB1 regulates spindle length and nuclei identity in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4974-91. [PMID: 23250449 PMCID: PMC3556970 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Germline and early embryo development constitute ideal model systems to study the establishment of polarity, cell identity, and asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) in plants. We describe here the function of the MATH-BTB domain protein MAB1 that is exclusively expressed in the germ lineages and the zygote of maize (Zea mays). mab1 (RNA interference [RNAi]) mutant plants display chromosome segregation defects and short spindles during meiosis that cause insufficient separation and migration of nuclei. After the meiosis-to-mitosis transition, two attached nuclei of similar identity are formed in mab1 (RNAi) mutants leading to an arrest of further germline development. Transient expression studies of MAB1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 cells revealed a cell cycle-dependent nuclear localization pattern but no direct colocalization with the spindle apparatus. MAB1 is able to form homodimers and interacts with the E3 ubiquitin ligase component Cullin 3a (CUL3a) in the cytoplasm, likely as a substrate-specific adapter protein. The microtubule-severing subunit p60 of katanin was identified as a candidate substrate for MAB1, suggesting that MAB1 resembles the animal key ACD regulator Maternal Effect Lethal 26 (MEL-26). In summary, our findings provide further evidence for the importance of posttranslational regulation for asymmetric divisions and germline progression in plants and identified an unstable key protein that seems to be involved in regulating the stability of a spindle apparatus regulator(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Juranić
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nádia Graciele Krohn
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Dunja Leljak-Levanić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Choo YY, Hagen T. Mechanism of cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase dimerization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41350. [PMID: 22911784 PMCID: PMC3401178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cullin E3 ligases are the largest family of ubiquitin ligases with diverse cellular functions. One of seven cullin proteins serves as a scaffold protein for the assembly of the multisubunit ubiquitin ligase complex. Cullin binds the RING domain protein Rbx1/Rbx2 via its C-terminus and a cullin-specific substrate adaptor protein via its N-terminus. In the Cul3 ubiquitin ligase complex, Cul3 substrate receptors contain a BTB/POZ domain. Several studies have established that Cul3-based E3 ubiquitin ligases exist in a dimeric state which is required for binding of a number of substrates and has been suggested to promote ubiquitin transfer. In two different models, Cul3 has been proposed to dimerize either via BTB/POZ domain dependent substrate receptor homodimerization or via direct interaction between two Cul3 proteins that is mediated by Nedd8 modification of one of the dimerization partners. In this study, we show that the majority of the Cul3 proteins in cells exist as dimers or multimers and that Cul3 self-association is mediated via the Cul3 N-terminus while the Cul3 C-terminus is not required. Furthermore, we show that Cul3 self-association is independent of its modification with Nedd8. Our results provide evidence for BTB substrate receptor dependent Cul3 dimerization which is likely to play an important role in promoting substrate ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yin Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wilson KJ, Qadota H, Mains PE, Benian GM. UNC-89 (obscurin) binds to MEL-26, a BTB-domain protein, and affects the function of MEI-1 (katanin) in striated muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2623-34. [PMID: 22621901 PMCID: PMC3395652 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system is involved in degradation of old or damaged sarcomeric proteins. Most E3 ubiquitin ligases are associated with cullins, which function as scaffolds for assembly of the protein degradation machinery. Cullin 3 uses an adaptor to link to substrates; in Caenorhabditis elegans, one of these adaptors is the BTB-domain protein MEL-26 (maternal effect lethal). Here we show that MEL-26 interacts with the giant sarcomeric protein UNC-89 (obscurin). MEL-26 and UNC-89 partially colocalize at sarcomeric M-lines. Loss of function or gain of function of mel-26 results in disorganization of myosin thick filaments similar to that found in unc-89 mutants. It had been reported that in early C. elegans embryos, a target of the CUL-3/MEL-26 ubiquitylation complex is the microtubule-severing enzyme katanin (MEI-1). Loss of function or gain of function of mei-1 also results in disorganization of thick filaments similar to unc-89 mutants. Genetic data indicate that at least some of the mel-26 loss-of-function phenotype in muscle can be attributed to increased microtubule-severing activity of MEI-1. The level of MEI-1 protein is reduced in an unc-89 mutant, suggesting that the normal role of UNC-89 is to inhibit the CUL-3/MEL-26 complex toward MEI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Paul E. Mains
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Guy M. Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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21
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Mukherjee S, Diaz Valencia JD, Stewman S, Metz J, Monnier S, Rath U, Asenjo AB, Charafeddine RA, Sosa HJ, Ross JL, Ma A, Sharp DJ. Human Fidgetin is a microtubule severing the enzyme and minus-end depolymerase that regulates mitosis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2359-66. [PMID: 22672901 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fidgetin is a member of the AAA protein superfamily with important roles in mammalian development. Here we show that human Fidgetin is a potent microtubule severing and depolymerizing the enzyme used to regulate mitotic spindle architecture, dynamics and anaphase A. In vitro, recombinant human Fidgetin severs taxol-stabilized microtubules along their length and promotes depolymerization, primarily from their minus-ends. In cells, human Fidgetin targets to centrosomes, and its depletion with siRNA significantly reduces the velocity of poleward tubulin flux and anaphase A chromatid-to-pole motion. In addition, the loss of Fidgetin induces a microtubule-dependent enlargement of mitotic centrosomes and an increase in the number and length of astral microtubules. Based on these data, we propose that human Fidgetin actively suppresses microtubule growth from and attachment to centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Onitake A, Yamanaka K, Esaki M, Ogura T. Caenorhabditis elegans fidgetin homolog FIGL-1, a nuclear-localized AAA ATPase, binds to SUMO. J Struct Biol 2012; 179:143-51. [PMID: 22575764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fidgetin is a member of the AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) chaperones. It is well-known that the specific function of a given AAA protein primarily depends upon its subcellular localization and interacting partners. FIGL-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of mammalian fidgetin, is localized in the nucleus. Here, we identified that the N-terminal PKRVK sequence of FIGL-1 functions as a monopartite nuclear localization signal. Nuclear localization of FIGL-1 is required for its function. We also found that FIGL-1 specifically interacted with SMO-1, a C. elegans homolog of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, the direct physical interaction between FIGL-1 and SMO-1 was demonstrated by pull-down assay using purified proteins as well as immunoprecipitation assay using lysates from epitope-tagged SMO-1-expressing worms. Binding of FIGL-1 to SMO-1 is required for its function. The depletion of FIGL-1 and SMO-1 resulted in developmental defects in C. elegans. Taken altogether, our results indicate that FIGL-1 is a nuclear protein and that in concert with SMO-1, FIGL-1 plays an important role in the regulation of C. elegans development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Onitake
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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23
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L'Hôte D, Vatin M, Auer J, Castille J, Passet B, Montagutelli X, Serres C, Vaiman D. Fidgetin-like1 is a strong candidate for a dynamic impairment of male meiosis leading to reduced testis weight in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27582. [PMID: 22110678 PMCID: PMC3217987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous work, using an interspecific recombinant congenic mouse model, we reported a genomic region of 23 Mb on mouse chromosome 11 implicated in testis weight decrease and moderate teratozoospermia (∼20–30%), a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) called Ltw1. The objective of the present study is to identify the gene underlying this phenotype. Results In the present study, we refined the QTL position to a 5 Mb fragment encompassing only 11 genes. We showed that the low testis weight phenotype was due to kinetic alterations occurring during the first wave of the spermatogenesis where we could point out to an abnormal lengthening of spermatocyte prophase. We identify Fidgetin-like 1 (Fignl1) as the gene underlying the phenotype, since if fulfilled both the physiological and molecular characteristics required. Indeed, amongst the 11 positional candidates it is the only gene that is expressed during meiosis at the spermatocyte stage, and that presents with non-synonymous coding variations differentiating the two mouse strains at the origin of the cross. Conclusions This work prompted us to propose Fignl1 as a novel actor in mammal's male meiosis dynamics which has fundamental interest. Besides, this gene is a new potential candidate for human infertilities caused by teratozoospermia and blockades of spermatogenesis. In addition this study demonstrates that interspecific models may be useful for understanding complex quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L'Hôte
- CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Equipe Génétique et Génomique du Développement Gonadique, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris VII, Paris, France
| | - Magalie Vatin
- U1016 Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jana Auer
- U1016 Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Johan Castille
- Département de Génétique des Animaux, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- Département de Génétique des Animaux, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Catherine Serres
- U1016 Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- U1016 Département de Génétique et Développement, Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cullin proteins are molecular scaffolds that have crucial roles in the post-translational modification of cellular proteins involving ubiquitin. The mammalian cullin protein family comprises eight members (CUL1 to CUL7 and PARC), which are characterized by a cullin homology domain. CUL1 to CUL7 assemble multi-subunit Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes, the largest family of E3 ligases with more than 200 members. Although CUL7 and PARC are present only in chordates, other members of the cullin protein family are found in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana and yeast. A cullin protein tethers both a substrate-targeting unit, often through an adaptor protein, and the RING finger component in a CRL. The cullin-organized CRL thus positions a substrate close to the RING-bound E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, which catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin to the substrate. In addition, conjugation of cullins with the ubiquitin-like molecule Nedd8 modulates activation of the corresponding CRL complex, probably through conformational regulation of the interactions between cullin's carboxy-terminal tail and CRL's RING subunit. Genetic studies in several model organisms have helped to unravel a multitude of physiological functions associated with cullin proteins and their respective CRLs. CRLs target numerous substrates and thus have an impact on a range of biological processes, including cell growth, development, signal transduction, transcriptional control, genomic integrity and tumor suppression. Moreover, mutations in CUL7 and CUL4B genes have been linked to hereditary human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Schraenen A, de Faudeur G, Thorrez L, Lemaire K, Van Wichelen G, Granvik M, Van Lommel L, in’t Veld P, Schuit F. mRNA expression analysis of cell cycle genes in islets of pregnant mice. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2579-88. [PMID: 20886204 PMCID: PMC2974927 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pregnancy requires an increase in the functional beta cell mass to match metabolic needs for insulin. To understand this adaptation at the molecular level, we undertook a time course analysis of mRNA expression in mice. METHODS Total RNA extracted from C57Bl6/J mouse islets every 3 days during pregnancy was hybridised on commercially available expression arrays. Gene network analysis was performed and changes in functional clusters over time visualised. The function of putative novel cell cycle genes was assessed via silencing in replicating mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells. RESULTS Gene network analysis identified a large gene cluster associated with cell cycle control (67 genes, all upregulated by ≥ 1.5-fold, p < 0.001). The number of upregulated cell cycle genes and the mRNA expression levels of individual genes peaked at pregnancy day (P)9.5. Filtering of poorly annotated genes with enhanced expression in islets at P9.5, and in MIN6 cells and thymus resulted in further studies with G7e (also known as D17H6S56E-5) and Fignl1. Gene knock-down experiments in MIN6 cells suggested that these genes are indeed involved in adequate cell cycle accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A sharp peak of cell cycle-related mRNA expression in islets occurs around P9.5, after which beta cell replication is increased. As illustrated by the identification of G7e and Fignl1 in islets of pregnant mice, further study of this distinct transcriptional peak should help to unravel the complex process of beta cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schraenen
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. de Faudeur
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Thorrez
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT-SCD, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, SymBioSys, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Lemaire
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Van Wichelen
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Granvik
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L. Van Lommel
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. in’t Veld
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F. Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, mailbox 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, SymBioSys, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Microtubule-severing enzymes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 22:96-103. [PMID: 19963362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1993, an enzyme with an ATP-dependent microtubule-severing activity was purified from sea urchin eggs and named katanin, after the Japanese word for sword. Now we know that katanin, spastin, and fidgetin form a family of closely related microtubule-severing enzymes that is widely distributed in eukaryotes ranging from Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas to humans. Here we review the diverse in vivo functions of these proteins and the recent significant advances in deciphering the biophysical mechanism of microtubule severing.
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27
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Johnson JLFA, Lu C, Raharjo E, McNally K, McNally FJ, Mains PE. Levels of the ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor MEL-26 are inversely correlated with MEI-1/katanin microtubule-severing activity during both meiosis and mitosis. Dev Biol 2009; 330:349-57. [PMID: 19361490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The MEI-1/MEI-2 microtubule-severing complex, katanin, is required for oocyte meiotic spindle formation and function in C. elegans, but the microtubule-severing activity must be quickly downregulated so that it does not interfere with formation of the first mitotic spindle. Post-meiotic MEI-1 inactivation is accomplished by two parallel protein degradation pathways, one of which requires MEL-26, the substrate-specific adaptor that recruits MEI-1 to a CUL-3 based ubiquitin ligase. Here we address the question of how MEL-26 mediated MEI-1 degradation is triggered only after the completion of MEI-1's meiotic function. We find that MEL-26 is present only at low levels until the completion of meiosis, after which protein levels increase substantially, likely increasing the post-meiotic degradation of MEI-1. During meiosis, MEL-26 levels are kept low by the action of another type of ubiquitin ligase, which contains CUL-2. However, we find that the low levels of meiotic MEL-26 have a subtle function, acting to moderate MEI-1 activity during meiosis. We also show that MEI-1 is the only essential target for MEL-26, and possibly for the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL-3, but the upstream ubiquitin ligase activating enzyme RFL-1 has additional essential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacque-Lynne F A Johnson
- Genes and Development Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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28
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Casanova M, Crobu L, Blaineau C, Bourgeois N, Bastien P, Pagès M. Microtubule-severing proteins are involved in flagellar length control and mitosis in Trypanosomatids. Mol Microbiol 2009; 71:1353-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Sumara I, Maerki S, Peter M. E3 ubiquitin ligases and mitosis: embracing the complexity. Trends Cell Biol 2008; 18:84-94. [PMID: 18215523 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Faithful division of eukaryotic cells requires temporal and spatial coordination of morphological transitions, which ensures that the newly replicated copies of the genome are equally distributed into the two daughter cells during mitosis. One of the mechanisms ensuring the fidelity of mitotic progression is targeted, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of key regulators. E3-ubiquitin ligase complexes are crucial components in this pathway because they specifically select the relevant ubiquitination substrates. Cullin-based E3-ligases, such as Cul3, have recently emerged as crucial regulators of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sumara
- Institute of Biochemistry, HPM G 8, ETH Hönggerberg, Schafmattstrasse 18, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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