1
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Fox SC, Waskiewicz AJ. Transforming growth factor beta signaling and craniofacial development: modeling human diseases in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338070. [PMID: 38385025 PMCID: PMC10879340 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans and other jawed vertebrates rely heavily on their craniofacial skeleton for eating, breathing, and communicating. As such, it is vital that the elements of the craniofacial skeleton develop properly during embryogenesis to ensure a high quality of life and evolutionary fitness. Indeed, craniofacial abnormalities, including cleft palate and craniosynostosis, represent some of the most common congenital abnormalities in newborns. Like many other organ systems, the development of the craniofacial skeleton is complex, relying on specification and migration of the neural crest, patterning of the pharyngeal arches, and morphogenesis of each skeletal element into its final form. These processes must be carefully coordinated and integrated. One way this is achieved is through the spatial and temporal deployment of cell signaling pathways. Recent studies conducted using the zebrafish model underscore the importance of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways in craniofacial development. Although both pathways contain similar components, each pathway results in unique outcomes on a cellular level. In this review, we will cover studies conducted using zebrafish that show the necessity of these pathways in each stage of craniofacial development, starting with the induction of the neural crest, and ending with the morphogenesis of craniofacial elements. We will also cover human skeletal and craniofacial diseases and malformations caused by mutations in the components of these pathways (e.g., cleft palate, craniosynostosis, etc.) and the potential utility of zebrafish in studying the etiology of these diseases. We will also briefly cover the utility of the zebrafish model in joint development and biology and discuss the role of TGF-β/BMP signaling in these processes and the diseases that result from aberrancies in these pathways, including osteoarthritis and multiple synostoses syndrome. Overall, this review will demonstrate the critical roles of TGF-β/BMP signaling in craniofacial development and show the utility of the zebrafish model in development and disease.
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2
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C. Human iPSCs as Model Systems for BMP-Related Rare Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2200. [PMID: 37681932 PMCID: PMC10487005 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling contribute to onset and development of a number of rare genetic diseases, including Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). After decades of animal research to build a solid foundation in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, the progressive implementation of iPSC-based patient-derived models will improve drug development by addressing drug efficacy, specificity, and toxicity in a complex humanized environment. We will review the current state of literature on iPSC-derived model systems in this field, with special emphasis on the access to patient source material and the complications that may come with it. Given the essential role of BMPs during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, gain- or loss-of-function mutations in the BMP signalling pathway may compromise iPSC generation, maintenance, and differentiation procedures. This review highlights the need for careful optimization of the protocols used. Finally, we will discuss recent developments towards complex in vitro culture models aiming to resemble specific tissue microenvironments with multi-faceted cellular inputs, such as cell mechanics and ECM together with organoids, organ-on-chip, and microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), ISPA-HUCA, Avda. de Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
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3
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Shi M, Tie HC, Divyanshu M, Sun X, Zhou Y, Boh BK, Vardy LA, Lu L. Arl15 upregulates the TGFβ family signaling by promoting the assembly of the Smad-complex. eLife 2022; 11:76146. [PMID: 35834310 PMCID: PMC9352346 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark event of the canonical transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family signaling is the assembly of the Smad-complex, consisting of the common Smad, Smad4, and phosphorylated receptor-regulated Smads. How the Smad-complex is assembled and regulated is still unclear. Here, we report that active Arl15, an Arf-like small G protein, specifically binds to the MH2 domain of Smad4 and colocalizes with Smad4 at the endolysosome. The binding relieves the autoinhibition of Smad4, which is imposed by the intramolecular interaction between its MH1 and MH2 domains. Activated Smad4 subsequently interacts with phosphorylated receptor-regulated Smads, forming the Smad-complex. Our observations suggest that Smad4 functions as an effector and a GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Arl15. Assembly of the Smad-complex enhances the GAP activity of Smad4 toward Arl15, therefore dissociating Arl15 before the nuclear translocation of the Smad-complex. Our data further demonstrate that Arl15 positively regulates the TGFβ family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- Skin Research Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, singapore, Singapore
| | - Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahajan Divyanshu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiuping Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Kim Boh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Skin Research Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Fink M, Wrana JL. Regulation of homeostasis and regeneration in the adult intestinal epithelium by the TGF-β superfamily. Dev Dyn 2022; 252:445-462. [PMID: 35611490 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The delicate balance between the homeostatic maintenance and regenerative capacity of the intestine makes this a fascinating tissue of study. The intestinal epithelium undergoes continuous homeostatic renewal but is also exposed to a diverse array of stresses that can range from physiological processes such as digestion, to exposure to infectious agents, drugs, radiation therapy, and inflammatory stimuli. The intestinal epithelium has thus evolved to efficiently maintain and reinstate proper barrier function that is essential for intestinal integrity and function. Factors governing homeostatic epithelial turnover are well described, however, the dynamic regenerative mechanisms that occur following injury are the subject of intense ongoing investigations. The TGF-β superfamily is a key regulator of both homeostatic renewal and regenerative processes of the intestine. Here we review the roles of TGF-β and BMP on the adult intestinal epithelium during self-renewal and injury to provide a framework for understanding how this major family of morphogens can tip the scale between intestinal health and disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardi Fink
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Cate RL. Anti-Müllerian Hormone Signal Transduction involved in Müllerian Duct Regression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:905324. [PMID: 35721723 PMCID: PMC9201060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.905324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over seventy years ago it was proposed that the fetal testis produces a hormone distinct from testosterone that is required for complete male sexual development. At the time the hormone had not yet been identified but was invoked by Alfred Jost to explain why the Müllerian duct, which develops into the female reproductive tract, regresses in the male fetus. That hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and its specific receptor, AMHR2, have now been extensively characterized and belong to the transforming growth factor-β families of protein ligands and receptors involved in growth and differentiation. Much is now known about the downstream events set in motion after AMH engages AMHR2 at the surface of specific Müllerian duct cells and initiates a cascade of molecular interactions that ultimately terminate in the nucleus as activated transcription factors. The signals generated by the AMH signaling pathway are then integrated with signals coming from other pathways and culminate in a complex gene regulatory program that redirects cellular functions and fates and leads to Müllerian duct regression.
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6
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Kazan JM, Desrochers G, Martin CE, Jeong H, Kharitidi D, Apaja PM, Roldan A, St. Denis N, Gingras AC, Lukacs GL, Pause A. Endofin is required for HD-PTP and ESCRT-0 interdependent endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane cargoes. iScience 2021; 24:103274. [PMID: 34761192 PMCID: PMC8567383 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalized and ubiquitinated signaling receptors are silenced by their intraluminal budding into multivesicular bodies aided by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. HD-PTP, an ESCRT protein, forms complexes with ESCRT-0, -I and -III proteins, and binds to Endofin, a FYVE-domain protein confined to endosomes with poorly understood roles. Using proximity biotinylation, we showed that Endofin forms a complex with ESCRT constituents and Endofin depletion increased integrin α5-and EGF-receptor plasma membrane density and stability by hampering their lysosomal delivery. This coincided with sustained receptor signaling and increased cell migration. Complementation of Endofin- or HD-PTP-depleted cells with wild-type Endofin or HD-PTP, but not with mutants harboring impaired Endofin/HD-PTP association or cytosolic Endofin, restored EGFR lysosomal delivery. Endofin also promoted Hrs indirect interaction with HD-PTP. Jointly, our results indicate that Endofin is required for HD-PTP and ESCRT-0 interdependent sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane cargoes to ensure efficient receptor desensitization and lysosomal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal M. Kazan
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claire E. Martin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hyeonju Jeong
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dmitri Kharitidi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Pirjo M. Apaja
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ariel Roldan
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nicole St. Denis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gergely L. Lukacs
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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7
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein-(BMP-) Signaling in Ocular Lens Biology and Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102604. [PMID: 34685584 PMCID: PMC8533954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Although originally discovered to possess osteogenic properties, BMPs have since been identified as critical regulators of many biological processes, including cell-fate determination, cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis, throughout the body. In the ocular lens, BMPs are important in orchestrating fundamental developmental processes such as induction of lens morphogenesis, and specialized differentiation of its fiber cells. Moreover, BMPs have been reported to facilitate regeneration of the lens, as well as abrogate pathological processes such as TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this topic and discuss the complexities of BMP-signaling including the role of individual BMP ligands, receptors, extracellular antagonists and cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical BMP-signaling cascades in the lens. By understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BMP activity, we can advance their potential therapeutic role in cataract prevention and lens regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5170
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8
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Miyazono KI, Ito T, Fukatsu Y, Wada H, Kurisaki A, Tanokura M. Structural basis for transcriptional coactivator recognition by SMAD2 in TGF-β signaling. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/662/eabb9043. [PMID: 33323411 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins regulate multiple cellular functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. The dysregulation of TGF-β signaling causes diseases such as cancer and fibrosis, and therefore, understanding the biochemical basis of TGF-β signal transduction is important for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases. SMAD proteins are transcription factors that mediate TGF-β signaling-dependent gene expression. The transcriptional coactivator CBP directly interacts with the MH2 domains of SMAD2 to activate SMAD complex-dependent gene expression. Here, we report the structural basis for CBP recognition by SMAD2. The crystal structures of the SMAD2 MH2 domain in complex with the SMAD2-binding region of CBP showed that CBP forms an amphiphilic helix on the hydrophobic surface of SMAD2. The expression of a mutated CBP peptide that showed increased SMAD2 binding repressed SMAD2-dependent gene expression in response to TGF-β signaling in cultured cells. Disrupting the interaction between SMAD2 and CBP may therefore be a promising strategy for suppressing SMAD-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yui Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hikaru Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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9
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Miyazono KI, Ohno Y, Wada H, Ito T, Fukatsu Y, Kurisaki A, Asashima M, Tanokura M. Structural basis for receptor-regulated SMAD recognition by MAN1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:12139-12153. [PMID: 30321401 PMCID: PMC6294489 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD: SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5 and SMAD8) proteins are key transcription factors of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines. MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, is a SMAD cofactor that terminates TGF-β superfamily signals. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in MAN1 result in osteopoikilosis, Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis. MAN1 interacts with MAD homology 2 (MH2) domains of R-SMAD proteins using its C-terminal U2AF homology motif (UHM) domain and UHM ligand motif (ULM) and facilitates R-SMAD dephosphorylation. Here, we report the structural basis for R-SMAD recognition by MAN1. The SMAD2–MAN1 and SMAD1–MAN1 complex structures show that an intramolecular UHM–ULM interaction of MAN1 forms a hydrophobic surface that interacts with a hydrophobic surface among the H2 helix, the strands β8 and β9, and the L3 loop of the MH2 domains of R-SMAD proteins. The complex structures also show the mechanism by which SMAD cofactors distinguish R-SMAD proteins that possess a highly conserved molecular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hikaru Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yui Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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10
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Hashimoto K, Yamaguchi Y, Kishi Y, Kikko Y, Takasaki K, Maeda Y, Matsumoto Y, Oka M, Miura M, Ohata S, Katada T, Kontani K. Loss of the small GTPase Arl8b results in abnormal development of the roof plate in mouse embryos. Genes Cells 2019; 24:436-448. [PMID: 31038803 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for degrading both exogenous and endogenous materials. The small GTPase Arl8 localizes primarily to lysosomes and is involved in lysosomal function. In the present study, using Arl8b gene-trapped mutant (Arl8b-/- ) mice, we show that Arl8b is required for the development of dorsal structures of the neural tube, including the thalamus and hippocampus. In embryonic day (E) 10.5 Arl8b-/- embryos, Sox1 (a neuroepithelium marker) was ectopically expressed in the roof plate, whereas the expression of Gdf7 and Msx1 (roof plate markers) was reduced in the dorsal midline of the midbrain. Ectopic expression of Sox1 in Arl8b-/- embryos was detected also at E9.0 in the neural fold, which gives rise to the roof plate. In addition, the levels of Bmp receptor IA and phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 (downstream of BMP signaling) were increased in the neural fold of E9.0 Arl8b-/- embryos. These results suggest that Arl8b is involved in the development of the neural fold and the subsequently formed roof plate, possibly via control of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Kikko
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Takasaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurie Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Oka
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ohata
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Katada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kontani
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Desrochers G, Kazan JM, Pause A. Structure and functions of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase in receptor trafficking and cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:68-72. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors trigger the activation of signaling pathways to regulate key cellular processes, including cell survival and proliferation. Internalization, sorting, and trafficking of activated receptors, therefore, play a major role in the regulation and attenuation of cell signaling. Efficient sorting of endocytosed receptors is performed by the ESCRT machinery, which targets receptors for degradation by the sequential establishment of protein complexes. These events are tightly regulated and malfunction of ESCRT components can lead to abnormal trafficking and sustained signaling and promote tumor formation or progression. In this review, we analyze the modular domain organization of the alternative ESCRT protein HD-PTP and its role in receptor trafficking and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jalal M. Kazan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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13
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Miller DSJ, Bloxham RD, Jiang M, Gori I, Saunders RE, Das D, Chakravarty P, Howell M, Hill CS. The Dynamics of TGF-β Signaling Are Dictated by Receptor Trafficking via the ESCRT Machinery. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1841-1855.e5. [PMID: 30428352 PMCID: PMC7615189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways stimulated by secreted growth factors are tightly regulated at multiple levels between the cell surface and the nucleus. The trafficking of cell surface receptors is emerging as a key step for regulating appropriate cellular responses, with perturbations in this process contributing to human diseases, including cancer. For receptors recognizing ligands of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family, little is known about how trafficking is regulated or how this shapes signaling dynamics. Here, using whole genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens, we have identified the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery as a crucial determinant of signal duration. Downregulation of ESCRT components increases the outputs of TGF-β signaling and sensitizes cells to low doses of ligand in their microenvironment. This sensitization drives an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to low doses of ligand, and we demonstrate a link between downregulation of the ESCRT machinery and cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S J Miller
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert D Bloxham
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Debipriya Das
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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14
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Wang K, Zhao S, Liu B, Zhang Q, Li Y, Liu J, Shen Y, Ding X, Lin J, Wu Y, Yan Z, Chen J, Li X, Song X, Niu Y, Liu J, Chen W, Ming Y, Du R, Chen C, Long B, Zhang Y, Tong X, Zhang S, Posey JE, Zhang B, Wu Z, Wythe JD, Liu P, Lupski JR, Yang X, Wu N. Perturbations of BMP/TGF-β and VEGF/VEGFR signalling pathways in non-syndromic sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM). J Med Genet 2018; 55:675-684. [PMID: 30120215 PMCID: PMC6161649 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) represent a congenital anomaly of the cerebral vessels with a prevalence of 10-18/100 000. BAVM is the leading aetiology of intracranial haemorrhage in children. Our objective was to identify gene variants potentially contributing to disease and to better define the molecular aetiology underlying non-syndromic sporadic BAVM. METHODS We performed whole-exome trio sequencing of 100 unrelated families with a clinically uniform BAVM phenotype. Pathogenic variants were then studied in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish model. RESULTS We identified four pathogenic heterozygous variants in four patients, including one in the established BAVM-related gene, ENG, and three damaging variants in novel candidate genes: PITPNM3, SARS and LEMD3, which we then functionally validated in zebrafish. In addition, eight likely pathogenic heterozygous variants (TIMP3, SCUBE2, MAP4K4, CDH2, IL17RD, PREX2, ZFYVE16 and EGFR) were identified in eight patients, and 16 patients carried one or more variants of uncertain significance. Potential oligogenic inheritance (MAP4K4 with ENG, RASA1 with TIMP3 and SCUBE2 with ENG) was identified in three patients. Regulation of sma- and mad-related proteins (SMADs) (involved in bone morphogenic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endotheliual growth factor recepter 2 (VEGFR2) binding and activity (affecting the VEGF signalling pathway) were the most significantly affected biological process involved in the pathogenesis of BAVM. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the specific role of BMP/TGF-β and VEGF/VEGFR signalling in the aetiology of BAVM and the efficiency of intensive parallel sequencing in the challenging context of genetically heterogeneous paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghuan Ding
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weisheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ming
- PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renqian Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Long
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yisen Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhao X, Li D, Qiu Q, Jiao B, Zhang R, Liu P, Ren R. Zfyve16 regulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells. Front Med 2017; 12:559-565. [PMID: 29247407 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Zfyve16 (a.k.a. endofin or endosome-associated FYVE-domain protein), a member of the FYVE-domain protein family, is involved in endosomal trafficking and in TGF-β, BMP, and EGFR signaling. The FYVE protein SARA regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway by recruiting Smad2/3 and accelerating their phosphorylation, thereby altering their susceptibility to TGF-β-mediated T cell suppression. Zfyve16 binds to Smad4 and their binding affects the formation of Smad2/3-Smad4 complex in TGF-β signaling. However, the in vivo function of Zfyve16 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a Zfyve16 knockout mouse strain (Zfyve16KO) and examined its hematopoietic phenotypes and hematopoietic reconstruction ability. The proportion of Tcells in the peripheral blood of Zfyve16KO mice increases compared with that in wild-type mice. This finding is consistent with the role of Zfyve16 in facilitating TGF-β signaling. Unpredictably, B cell proliferation is inhibited in Zfyve16KO mice. The proliferation potential of Zfyve16KO B-lymphoid cells also significantly decreases in vitro. These results suggest that Zfyve16 inhibits the proliferation of T cells, possibly through the TGF-β signaling, but upregulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingsong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
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16
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Structural Basis for Specific Interaction of TGFβ Signaling Regulators SARA/Endofin with HD-PTP. Structure 2017; 25:1011-1024.e4. [PMID: 28602823 PMCID: PMC5501724 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SARA and endofin are endosomal adaptor proteins that drive Smad phosphorylation by ligand-activated transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) receptors. We show in this study that SARA and endofin also recruit the tumor supressor HD-PTP, a master regulator of endosomal sorting and ESCRT-dependent receptor downregulation. High-affinity interactions occur between the SARA/endofin N termini, and the conserved hydrophobic region in the HD-PTP Bro1 domain that binds CHMP4/ESCRT-III. CHMP4 engagement is a universal feature of Bro1 proteins, but SARA/endofin binding is specific to HD-PTP. Crystallographic structures of HD-PTPBro1 in complex with SARA, endofin, and three CHMP4 isoforms revealed that all ligands bind similarly to the conserved site but, critically, only SARA/endofin interact at a neighboring pocket unique to HD-PTP. The structures, together with mutagenesis and binding analysis, explain the high affinity and specific binding of SARA/endofin, and why they compete so effectively with CHMP4. Our data invoke models for how endocytic regulation of TGFβ/BMP signaling is controlled.
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17
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Suzuki A, Yoshida H, van Heeringen SJ, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Veenstra GJC, Taira M. Genomic organization and modulation of gene expression of the TGF-β and FGF pathways in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2017; 426:336-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Hwangbo C, Lee HW, Kang H, Ju H, Wiley DS, Papangeli I, Han J, Kim JD, Dunworth WP, Hu X, Lee S, El-Hely O, Sofer A, Pak B, Peterson L, Comhair S, Hwang EM, Park JY, Thomas JL, Bautch VL, Erzurum SC, Chun HJ, Jin SW. Modulation of Endothelial Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Activity by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2017; 135:2288-2298. [PMID: 28356442 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has multiple roles in the development and function of the blood vessels. In humans, mutations in BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2), a key component of BMP signaling, have been identified in the majority of patients with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, only a small subset of individuals with BMPR2 mutation develops PAH, suggesting that additional modifiers of BMPR2 function play an important role in the onset and progression of PAH. METHODS We used a combination of studies in zebrafish embryos and genetically engineered mice lacking endothelial expression of Vegfr3 to determine the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) and BMPR2. Additional in vitro studies were performed by using human endothelial cells, including primary lung endothelial cells from subjects with PAH. RESULTS Attenuation of Vegfr3 in zebrafish embryos abrogated Bmp2b-induced ectopic angiogenesis. Endothelial cells with disrupted VEGFR3 expression failed to respond to exogenous BMP stimulation. Mechanistically, VEGFR3 is physically associated with BMPR2 and facilitates ligand-induced endocytosis of BMPR2 to promote phosphorylation of SMADs and transcription of ID genes. Conditional, endothelial-specific deletion of Vegfr3 in mice resulted in impaired BMP signaling responses, and significantly worsened hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Consistent with these data, we found significant decrease in VEGFR3 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from human PAH subjects, and reconstitution of VEGFR3 expression in PAH pulmonary arterial endothelial cells restored BMP signaling responses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify VEGFR3 as a key regulator of endothelial BMPR2 signaling and a potential determinant of PAH penetrance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hwangbo
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Hyeseon Kang
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Hyekyung Ju
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - David S Wiley
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Irinna Papangeli
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Jinah Han
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - William P Dunworth
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Seyoung Lee
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Omar El-Hely
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Avraham Sofer
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Boryeong Pak
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Laura Peterson
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Suzy Comhair
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.)
| | - Hyung J Chun
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.).
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- From Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (C.H., H.-W.L., H.K., H.J., I.P., J.H., J.-D.K., W.P.D., X.H., S.L., O.E.-H., A.S., H.J.C., S.-W.J.); Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.S.W., V.L.B.); School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Korea (B.P., S.-W.J.); Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (L.P., S.C., S.C.E.); Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul (E.M.H., J.-Y.P.); School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul (J.-Y.P.); Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.-L.T.); and Université Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, CRICM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France; APHP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris, France (J.-L.T.).
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Chaikuad A, Bullock AN. Structural Basis of Intracellular TGF-β Signaling: Receptors and Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a022111. [PMID: 27549117 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family receptors activates an intracellular phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascade that culminates in Smad transcriptional activation and turnover. Structural studies have identified a number of allosteric mechanisms that control the localization, conformation, and oligomeric state of the receptors and Smads. Such mechanisms dictate the ordered binding of substrate and adaptor proteins that determine the directionality of the signaling process. Activation of the pathway has been illustrated by the various structures of the receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads) with SARA, Smad4, and YAP, respectively, whereas mechanisms of down-regulation have been elucidated by the structural complexes of FKBP12, Ski, and Smurf1. Interesting parallels have emerged between the R-Smads and the Forkhead-associated (FHA) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-associated domains, as well as the Hippo pathway. However, important questions remain as to the mechanism of Smad-independent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and migration. The TGF-β family members signal via heteromeric complexes of type I and type II receptors, which activate members of the Smad family of signal transducers. The main attribute of the TGF-β signaling pathway is context-dependence. Depending on the concentration and type of ligand, target tissue, and developmental stage, TGF-β family members transmit distinct signals. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental defects and human diseases. More than a decade of studies have revealed the framework by which TGF-βs encode a context-dependent signal, which includes various positive and negative modifiers of the principal elements of the signaling pathway, the receptors, and the Smad proteins. In this review, we first introduce some basic components of the TGF-β signaling pathways and their actions, and then discuss posttranslational modifications and modulatory partners that modify the outcome of the signaling and contribute to its context-dependence, including small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the receptors are controlled by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and neddylation, as well as by interaction with other proteins at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Activation of TGF-β receptors induces signaling via formation of Smad complexes that are translocated to the nucleus where they act as transcription factors, as well as via non-Smad pathways, including the Erk1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and the Src tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, and Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ali IHA, Brazil DP. Bone morphogenetic proteins and their antagonists: current and emerging clinical uses. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3620-32. [PMID: 24758361 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGFβ superfamily of secreted cysteine knot proteins that includes TGFβ1, nodal, activins and inhibins. BMPs were first discovered by Urist in the 1960s when he showed that implantation of demineralized bone into intramuscular tissue of rabbits induced bone and cartilage formation. Since this seminal discovery, BMPs have also been shown to play key roles in several other biological processes, including limb, kidney, skin, hair and neuronal development, as well as maintaining vascular homeostasis. The multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive targets for the treatment of several pathologies, including bone disorders, kidney and lung fibrosis, and cancer. This review will summarize current knowledge on the BMP signalling pathway and critically evaluate the potential of recombinant BMPs as pharmacological agents for the treatment of bone repair and tissue fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H A Ali
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Scarfì S. Use of bone morphogenetic proteins in mesenchymal stem cell stimulation of cartilage and bone repair. World J Stem Cells 2016; 8:1-12. [PMID: 26839636 PMCID: PMC4723717 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) govern a plethora of biological processes. The BMPs are members of the transforming growth factor-β protein superfamily, and they actively participate to kidney development, digit and limb formation, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and tumor development. Since their discovery, they have attracted attention for their fascinating perspectives in the regenerative medicine and tissue engineering fields. BMPs have been employed in many preclinical and clinical studies exploring their chondrogenic or osteoinductive potential in several animal model defects and in human diseases. During years of research in particular two BMPs, BMP2 and BMP7 have gained the podium for their use in the treatment of various cartilage and bone defects. In particular they have been recently approved for employment in non-union fractures as adjunct therapies. On the other hand, thanks to their potentialities in biomedical applications, there is a growing interest in studying the biology of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), the rules underneath their differentiation abilities, and to test their true abilities in tissue engineering. In fact, the specific differentiation of MSCs into targeted cell-type lineages for transplantation is a primary goal of the regenerative medicine. This review provides an overview on the current knowledge of BMP roles and signaling in MSC biology and differentiation capacities. In particular the article focuses on the potential clinical use of BMPs and MSCs concomitantly, in cartilage and bone tissue repair.
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Ehrlich M. Endocytosis and trafficking of BMP receptors: Regulatory mechanisms for fine-tuning the signaling response in different cellular contexts. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:35-42. [PMID: 26776724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Signaling by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors is regulated at multiple levels in order to ensure proper interpretation of BMP stimuli in different cellular settings. As with other signaling receptors, regulation of the amount of exposed and signaling-competent BMP receptors at the plasma-membrane is predicted to be a key mechanism in governing their signaling output. Currently, the endocytosis of BMP receptors is thought to resemble that of the structurally related transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors, as BMP receptors are constitutively internalized (independently of ligand binding), with moderate kinetics, and mostly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Also similar to TGF-β receptors, BMP receptors are able to signal from the plasma membrane, while internalization to endosomes may have a signal modulating effect. When at the plasma membrane, BMP receptors localize to different membrane domains including cholesterol rich domains and caveolae, suggesting a complex interplay between membrane distribution and internalization. An additional layer of complexity stems from the putative regulatory influence on the signaling and trafficking of BMP receptors exerted by ligand traps and/or co-receptors. Furthermore, the trafficking and signaling of BMP receptors are subject to alterations in cellular context. For example, genetic diseases involving changes in the expression of auxiliary factors of endocytic pathways hamper retrograde BMP signals in neurons, and perturb the regulation of synapse formation. This review summarizes current understanding of the trafficking of BMP receptors and discusses the role of trafficking in regulation of BMP signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Goh JB, Wallace DF, Hong W, Subramaniam VN. Endofin, a novel BMP-SMAD regulator of the iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13986. [PMID: 26358513 PMCID: PMC4566084 DOI: 10.1038/srep13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP-SMAD signalling plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes including embryonic development and iron homeostasis. Dysregulation of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is associated with many clinical iron-related disorders. We hypothesised that molecules which mediate BMP-SMAD signalling play important roles in the regulation of iron homeostasis and variants in these proteins may be potential genetic modifiers of iron-related diseases. We examined the role of endofin, a SMAD anchor, and show that knockdown of endofin in liver cells inhibits basal and BMP-induced hepcidin expression along with other BMP-regulated genes, ID1 and SMAD7. We show for the first time, the in situ interaction of endofin with SMAD proteins and significantly reduced SMAD phosphorylation with endofin knockdown, suggesting that endofin modulates hepcidin through BMP-SMAD signalling. Characterisation of naturally occurring SNPs show that mutations in the conserved FYVE domain result in mislocalisation of endofin, potentially affecting downstream signalling and modulating hepcidin expression. In conclusion, we have identified a hitherto unrecognised link, endofin, between the BMP-SMAD signalling pathway, and the regulation of hepcidin expression and iron homeostasis. This study further defines the molecular network involved in iron regulation and provides potential targets for the treatment of iron-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Goh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel F Wallace
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Peak BMP Responses in the Drosophila Embryo Are Dependent on the Activation of Integrin Signaling. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1584-93. [PMID: 26321638 PMCID: PMC4571823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a 3D tissue, cells need to integrate signals from growth factors, such as BMPs, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to coordinate growth and differentiation. Here, we use the Drosophila embryo as a model to investigate how BMP responses are influenced by a cell’s local ECM environment. We show that integrins, which are ECM receptors, are absolutely required for peak BMP signaling. This stimulatory effect of integrins requires their intracellular signaling function, which is activated by the ECM protein collagen IV. Mechanistically, integrins interact with the BMP receptor and stimulate phosphorylation of the downstream Mad transcription factor. The BMP-pathway-enhancing function of integrins is independent of focal adhesion kinase, but it requires conserved NPXY motifs in the β-integrin cytoplasmic tail. Furthermore, we show that an α-integrin subunit is a BMP target gene, identifying positive feedback between integrin signaling and BMP pathway activity that may contribute to robust cell fate decisions. Drosophila embryos lacking integrin function have disrupted BMP responses Collagen IV activates integrin signaling to enhance levels of the pMad transducer Integrins bind BMP receptors and promote pMad levels after BMP receptor activation BMP activates expression of an α-integrin, representing a positive feedback loop
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27
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Healey EG, Bishop B, Elegheert J, Bell CH, Padilla-Parra S, Siebold C. Repulsive guidance molecule is a structural bridge between neogenin and bone morphogenetic protein. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:458-65. [PMID: 25938661 PMCID: PMC4456160 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) control crucial processes including cell motility, adhesion, immune-cell regulation and systemic iron metabolism. RGMs signal via the neogenin (NEO1) and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways. Here, we report crystal structures of the N-terminal domains of all human RGM family members in complex with the BMP ligand BMP2, revealing a new protein fold and a conserved BMP-binding mode. Our structural and functional data suggest a pH-linked mechanism for RGM-activated BMP signaling and offer a rationale for RGM mutations causing juvenile hemochromatosis. We also determined the crystal structure of the ternary BMP2-RGM-NEO1 complex, which, along with solution scattering and live-cell super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, indicates BMP-induced clustering of the RGM-NEO1 complex. Our results show how RGM acts as the central hub that links BMP and NEO1 and physically connects these fundamental signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor G Healey
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Bishop
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Elegheert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian H Bell
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- 1] Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [2] Cellular Imaging Core, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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28
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Brazil DP, Church RH, Surae S, Godson C, Martin F. BMP signalling: agony and antagony in the family. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:249-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Macias MJ, Martin-Malpartida P, Massagué J. Structural determinants of Smad function in TGF-β signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:296-308. [PMID: 25935112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Smad transcription factors are central to the signal transduction pathway that mediates the numerous effects of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines in metazoan embryo development as well as in adult tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Although Smad proteins are conserved, recent genome-sequencing projects have revealed their sequence variation in metazoan evolution, human polymorphisms, and cancer. Structural studies of Smads bound to partner proteins and target DNA provide a framework for understanding the significance of these evolutionary and pathologic sequence variations. We synthesize the extant mutational and structural data to suggest how genetic variation in Smads may affect the structure, regulation, and function of these proteins. We also present a web application that compares Smad sequences and displays Smad protein structures and their disease-associated variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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30
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Robson NC, Hidalgo L, Mc Alpine T, Wei H, Martínez VG, Entrena A, Melen GJ, MacDonald AS, Phythian-Adams A, Sacedón R, Maraskovsky E, Cebon J, Ramírez M, Vicente A, Varas A. Optimal effector functions in human natural killer cells rely upon autocrine bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5019-5031. [PMID: 25038228 PMCID: PMC4167038 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate tumor immunity due to their specialized ability to recognize and kill neoplastically transformed cells. However, NK cells require a specific set of cytokine-mediated signals to achieve optimal effector function. Th1-associated cytokines promote effector functions that are inhibited by the prototypic Th2 cytokine IL4 and the TGFβ superfamily members TGFβ1 and activin-A. Interestingly, the largest subgroup of the TGFβ superfamily are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), but the effects of BMP signaling on NK cell effector functions have not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that blood-circulating NK cells express type I and II BMP receptors, BMP-2 and BMP-6 ligands, and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad-1/-5/-8, which mediate BMP family member signaling. In opposition to the inhibitory effects of TGFβ1 or activin-A, autocrine BMP signaling was supportive to NK cell function. Mechanistic investigations in cytokine and TLR-L-activated NK cells revealed that BMP signaling optimized IFNγ and global cytokine and chemokine production, phenotypic activation and proliferation, and autologous dendritic cell activation and target cytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings identify a novel auto-activatory pathway that is essential for optimal NK cell effector function, one that might be therapeutically manipulated to help eradicate tumors. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5019-31. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Robson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Sir Graeme Davis Building, The University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Laura Hidalgo
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tristan Mc Alpine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Heng Wei
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Víctor G Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Entrena
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo J Melen
- Department of Oncohematology, Niño Jesús Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- MCCIR, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | | | - Rosa Sacedón
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Oncohematology, Niño Jesús Hospital, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Vicente
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Varas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Korrodi-Gregório L, Silva JV, Santos-Sousa L, Freitas MJ, Felgueiras J, Fardilha M. TGF-β cascade regulation by PPP1 and its interactors -impact on prostate cancer development and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:555-67. [PMID: 24629090 PMCID: PMC4000109 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism by which normal and cancer cells regulate their main transduction pathways. Protein kinases and phosphatases are precisely orchestrated to achieve the (de)phosphorylation of candidate proteins. Indeed, cellular health is dependent on the fine-tune of phosphorylation systems, which when deregulated lead to cancer. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway involvement in the genesis of prostate cancer has long been established. Many of its members were shown to be hypo- or hyperphosphorylated during the process of malignancy. A major phosphatase that is responsible for the vast majority of the serine/threonine dephosphorylation is the phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 (PPP1). PPP1 has been associated with the dephosphorylation of several proteins involved in the TGF-β cascade. This review will discuss the role of PPP1 in the regulation of several TGF-β signalling members and how the subversion of this pathway is related to prostate cancer development. Furthermore, current challenges on the protein phosphatases field as new targets to cancer therapy will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Korrodi-Gregório
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, Health Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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32
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Schink KO, Raiborg C, Stenmark H. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, a lipid that regulates membrane dynamics, protein sorting and cell signalling. Bioessays 2013; 35:900-12. [PMID: 23881848 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is generated on the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, primarily by phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol by class II and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. The bulk of this lipid is found on the limiting and intraluminal membranes of endosomes, but it can also be detected in domains of phagosomes, autophagosome precursors, cytokinetic bridges, the plasma membrane and the nucleus. PtdIns3P controls cellular functions through recruitment of specific protein effectors, many of which contain FYVE or PX domains. Cellular processes known to be controlled by PtdIns3P and its effectors include endosomal fusion, sorting and motility, autophagy, cytokinesis, regulated exocytosis and signal transduction. Here we discuss how Ptdins3P is generated on specific cellular membranes, how its localizations and functions can be studied, and how its effectors serve to control cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay O Schink
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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33
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Wada Y, Sun-Wada GH. Positive and negative regulation of developmental signaling by the endocytic pathway. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2013; 23:391-8. [PMID: 23669551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms acquire complex architecture through highly regulated developmental processes in which cells are programmed to respond to a specific set of extracellular signals produced by themselves and others. Modulation of sensitivity or duration of response is controlled by a variety of intracellular mechanisms. The endoocytic pathway performs essential regulatory roles both for the activation as well as the inactivation of signal transduction. Early stage of endocytic pathway is required for the recruitment of cytosolic mediators for signal amplification of signaling, whereas signal termination by late endosomes/lysosomes is important for spatiotemporal regulation. Herein, we summarize recent studies showing that dysfunction in endocytic pathways causes patterning defects in early embryogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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34
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Conidi A, van den Berghe V, Huylebroeck D. Aptamers and their potential to selectively target aspects of EGF, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ-smad family signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6690-719. [PMID: 23531534 PMCID: PMC3645661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The smooth identification and low-cost production of highly specific agents that interfere with signaling cascades by targeting an active domain in surface receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear effector proteins, remain important challenges in biomedical research. We propose that peptide aptamers can provide a very useful and new alternative for interfering with protein–protein interactions in intracellular signal transduction cascades, including those emanating from activated receptors for growth factors. By their targeting of short, linear motif type of interactions, peptide aptamers have joined nucleic acid aptamers for use in signaling studies because of their ease of production, their stability, their high specificity and affinity for individual target proteins, and their use in high-throughput screening protocols. Furthermore, they are entering clinical trials for treatment of several complex, pathological conditions. Here, we present a brief survey of the use of aptamers in signaling pathways, in particular of polypeptide growth factors, starting with the published as well as potential applications of aptamers targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling. We then discuss the opportunities for using aptamers in other complex pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, and focus on Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Building Ond & Nav4 p.o.box 812, room 05.313, Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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35
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Guo QY, Gao ZZ, Zhao L, He JP, Dong CS. Expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), ALK5, and claudin-11 in adult alpaca testis. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:16-21. [PMID: 22459938 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-derived factor critical for folliculogenesis. Recently, in vitro data showed that GDF9 inhibited the localization of tight junction (TJ) proteins, suggesting that GDF9 could potentially regulate spermatogenesis in vivo, via inhibition of Sertoli cell TJ function. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression and localization of GDF9, its receptor, ALK5, and its latent target protein, claudin-11 (one of TJ proteins) in adult alpaca testis using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting results demonstrated that GDF9, ALK5 and claudin-11 were expressed in the adult alpaca testis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that GDF9 was expressed stage-specifically in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of the adult alpaca seminiferous epithelium. Type I receptor, ALK5 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of round spermatids and Leydig cells, and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Its latent target protein, claudin-11, was perpendicular or parallel to the basal lamina in the basal part of Sertoli cells. These results indicated that GDF9, as a paracrine and autocrine growth factor derived from round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, is involved in regulating spermatogenesis via action on germ cells or somatic cells (i.e. Leydig cells, Sertoli cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yun Guo
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, PR China
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36
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Zhao J, Hedera P. Hereditary spastic paraplegia-causing mutations in atlastin-1 interfere with BMPRII trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 52:87-96. [PMID: 23079343 PMCID: PMC3587122 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-linked signaling pathway has been suggested as an important factor in the development of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP-causing proteins spastin, spartin and NIPA1 were reported to inhibit the BMP pathway. We have previously shown a strong interaction of NIPA1 and atlastin-1 proteins. Hence, we investigated the role of another HSP-associated protein atlastin-1 in this signaling cascade. Endogenous and expressed atlastin-1 showed a strong interaction with BMP receptors II (BMPRII) and analyzed missense, HSP-causing mutations R239C and R495W disrupted BMPRII trafficking to the cell surface. BMPRII does not require the presence of atlastin-1 because knockdown expression of atlastin-1 did not alter endogenous BMPRII cellular distribution. Expression of mutant forms of atlastin-1 also interfered with the signaling response to BMP4 stimulation and reduced phosphorylation of Smad 1/5 proteins. Our results suggest that HSP-causing atlastin-1 mutations exhibit a dominant-negative effect on trafficking of BMPRII, which disrupts the BMP pathway in neurons. This, together with previously demonstrated inhibition of atlastin-1 of BMP pathway, further supports the role of this signaling cascade in axonal maintenance and axonal degeneration, which is seen in various types of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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37
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Yu J, He X, Chen YG, Hao Y, Yang S, Wang L, Pan L, Tang H. Myotubularin-related protein 4 (MTMR4) attenuates BMP/Dpp signaling by dephosphorylation of Smad proteins. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:79-88. [PMID: 23150675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.413856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling essentially regulates a wide range of biological responses. Although multiple regulators at different layers of the receptor-effectors axis have been identified, the mechanisms of homeostatic BMP signaling remain vague. Herein we demonstrated that myotubularin-related protein 4 (MTMR4), a FYVE domain-containing dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP), preferentially associated with and dephosphorylated the activated R-Smads in cytoplasm, which is a critical checkpoint in BMP signal transduction. Therefore, transcriptional activation by BMPs was tightly controlled by the expression level and the intrinsic phosphatase activity of MTMR4. More profoundly, ectopic expression of MTMR4 or its Drosophila homolog CG3632 genetically interacted with BMP/Dpp signaling axis in regulation of the vein development of Drosophila wings. By doing so, MTMR4 could interact with and dephosphorylate Mothers against Decapentaplegic (Mad), the sole R-Smad in Drosophila BMP pathway, and hence affected the target genes expression of Mad. In conclusion, this study has suggested that MTMR4 is a necessary negative modulator for the homeostasis of BMP/Dpp signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing 100101, China
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38
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Delivery of endosomes to lysosomes via microautophagy in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1071. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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39
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Spatial restriction of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in mouse gastrula through the mVam2-dependent endocytic pathway. Dev Cell 2012; 22:1163-75. [PMID: 22698281 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic body plan is established through positive and negative control of various signaling cascades. Late endosomes and lysosomes are thought to terminate signal transduction by compartmentalizing the signaling molecules; however, their roles in embryogenesis remain poorly understood. We showed here that the endocytic pathway participates in the developmental program by regulating the signaling activity. We modified the mouse Vam2 (mVam2) locus encoding a regulator of membrane trafficking. mVam2-deficient cells exhibited abnormally fragmented late endosomal compartments. The mutant cells could terminate signaling after the removal of the growth factors including TGF-β and EGF, except BMP-Smad1/Smad5 signaling. mVam2-deficient embryos exhibited ectopic activation of BMP signaling and disorganization of embryo patterning. We found that mVam2, which interacts with BMP type I receptor, is required for the spatiotemporal modulation of BMP signaling, via sequestration of the receptor complex in the late stages of the endocytic pathway.
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40
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Bakkebø M, Huse K, Hilden VI, Forfang L, Myklebust JH, Smeland EB, Oksvold MP. SARA is dispensable for functional TGF-β signaling. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3367-72. [PMID: 22819827 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA or ZFYVE9) has been proposed to mediate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling by direct interaction with the non-activated Smad proteins and the TGF-β receptors; however, these findings are controversial. We demonstrate no correlation between SARA expression and the levels of TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smads in various B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, knockdown of SARA in HeLa cells did not interfere with TGF-β-induced Smad activation, Smad nuclear translocation, or induction of TGF-β target genes. Various R-Smads and TGF-β receptors did not co-immunoprecipitate with SARA. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SARA is dispensable for functional TGF-β-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bakkebø
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HF, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Bonor J, Adams EL, Bragdon B, Moseychuk O, Czymmek KJ, Nohe A. Initiation of BMP2 signaling in domains on the plasma membrane. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2880-8. [PMID: 21938723 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a potent growth factor crucial for cell fate determination. It directs the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes. Initiation of BMP2 signaling pathways occurs at the cell surface through type I and type II serine/threonine kinases housed in specific membrane domains such as caveolae enriched in the caveolin-1 beta isoform (CAV1β, caveolae) and clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). In order for BMP2 to initiate Smad signaling it must bind to its receptors on the plasma membrane resulting in the phosphorylation of the BMP type Ia receptor (BMPRIa) followed by activation of Smad signaling. The current model suggests that the canonical BMP signaling pathway, Smad, occurs in CCPs. However, several recent studies suggested Smad signaling may occur outside of CCPs. Here, we determined; (i) The location of BMP2 binding to receptors localized in caveolae, CCPs, or outside of these domains using AFM and confocal microscopy. (ii) The location of phosphorylation of BMPRIa on the plasma membrane using membrane fractionation, and (iii) the effect of down regulation of caveolae on Smad signaling. Our data indicate that BMP2 binds with highest force to BMP receptors (BMPRs) localized in caveolae. BMPRIa is phosphorylated in caveolae and the disruption of caveolae-inhibited Smad signaling in the presence of BMP2. This suggests caveolae are necessary for the initiation of Smad signaling. We propose an extension of the current model of BMP2 signaling, in which the initiation of Smad signaling is mediated by BMPRs in caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bonor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Overactive bone morphogenetic protein signaling in heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:407-23. [PMID: 22752156 PMCID: PMC3541930 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are important extracellular cytokines that play critical roles in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. BMPs signal via transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular Smad effector proteins. BMP signaling is precisely regulated and perturbation of BMP signaling is connected to multiple diseases, including musculoskeletal diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in elucidation of BMP signal transduction, how overactive BMP signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and discuss possible therapeutic strategies for treatment of these diseases.
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Ji SJ, Jaffrey SR. Intra-axonal translation of SMAD1/5/8 mediates retrograde regulation of trigeminal ganglia subtype specification. Neuron 2012; 74:95-107. [PMID: 22500633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In many cases, neurons acquire distinct identities as their axons navigate toward target cells and encounter target-derived signaling molecules. These molecules generate retrograde signals that activate subtype-specific gene transcription. Mechanisms by which axons convert the complex milieu of signaling molecules into retrograde signals are not fully understood. Here, we examine retrograde signaling mechanisms that specify neuronal identity in the trigeminal ganglia, which relays sensory information from the face to the brain. We find that neuron specification requires the sequential action of two target-derived factors, BDNF and BMP4. BDNF induces the translation of axonally localized SMAD1/5/8 transcripts. Axon-derived SMAD1/5/8 is translocated to the cell body, where it is phosphorylated to a transcriptionally active form by BMP4-induced signaling endosomes and mediates the transcriptional effects of target-derived BDNF and BMP4. Thus, local translation functions as a mechanism by which coincident signals are converted into a retrograde signal that elicits a specific transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jian Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Distinct and separable activities of the endocytic clathrin-coat components Fcho1/2 and AP-2 in developmental patterning. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:488-501. [PMID: 22484487 PMCID: PMC3354769 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis occurs at multiple independent import sites on the plasma membrane, but how these positions are selected and how different cargo is simultaneously recognized is obscure. FCHO1 and FCHO2 are early-arriving proteins at surface clathrin assemblies and are speculated to act as compulsory coat nucleators, preceding the core clathrin adaptor AP-2. Here, we show the μ-homology domain (μHD) of FCHO1/2 represents a novel endocytic interaction hub. Translational silencing of fcho1 in zebrafish embryos causes strong dorsoventral patterning defects analogous to Bmp signal failure. The Fcho1 μHD interacts with the Bmp receptor Alk8, uncovering a new endocytic component that positively modulates Bmp signal transmission. Still, the fcho1 morphant phenotype is distinct from severe embryonic defects apparent when AP-2 is depleted. Our data thus contradict the primacy of FCHO1/2 in coat initiation.
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45
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Heining E, Bhushan R, Paarmann P, Henis YI, Knaus P. Spatial segregation of BMP/Smad signaling affects osteoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25163. [PMID: 21998639 PMCID: PMC3187766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are involved in a plethora of cellular processes in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Signaling specificity is achieved by dynamic processes involving BMP receptor oligomerization and endocytosis. This allows for spatiotemporal control of Smad dependent and non-Smad pathways. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal regulation within the BMP-induced Smad transcriptional pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we discriminate between Smad signaling events that are dynamin-dependent (i.e., require an intact endocytic pathway) and dynamin-independent. Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis in fluorescence microscopy and fractionation studies revealed a delay in Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation after BMP-2 stimulation of C2C12 cells. Using whole genome microarray and qPCR analysis, we identified two classes of BMP-2 induced genes that are differentially affected by inhibition of endocytosis. Thus, BMP-2 induced gene expression of Id1, Id3, Dlx2 and Hey1 is endocytosis-dependent, whereas BMP-2 induced expression of Id2, Dlx3, Zbtb2 and Krt16 is endocytosis-independent. Furthermore, we demonstrate that short term inhibition of endocytosis interferes with osteoblast differentiation as measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production and qPCR analysis of osteoblast marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that dynamin-dependent endocytosis is crucial for the concise spatial activation of the BMP-2 induced signaling cascade. Inhibition of endocytic processes during BMP-2 stimulation leads to altered Smad1/5/8 signaling kinetics and results in differential target gene expression. We show that interfering with the BMP-2 induced transcriptional network by endocytosis inhibition results in an attenuation of osteoblast differentiation. This implies that selective sensitivity of gene expression to endocytosis provides an additional mechanism for the cell to respond to BMP in a context specific manner. Moreover, we suggest a novel Smad dependent signal cascade induced by BMP-2, which does not require endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Heining
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raghu Bhushan
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Paarmann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoav I. Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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46
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Santiago-Tirado FH, Bretscher A. Membrane-trafficking sorting hubs: cooperation between PI4P and small GTPases at the trans-Golgi network. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:515-25. [PMID: 21764313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity in eukaryotes requires constant sorting, packaging and transport of membrane-bound cargo within the cell. These processes occur in two sorting hubs: the recycling endosome for incoming material and the trans-Golgi network for outgoing material. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate are enriched at the endocytic and exocytic sorting hubs, respectively, where they act together with small GTPases to recruit factors to segregate cargo and regulate carrier formation and transport. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how these lipids and GTPases regulate membrane trafficking directly, emphasizing the recent discoveries of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate functions at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Santiago-Tirado
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 107 Biotechnology Bldg., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7202, USA
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47
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Sethi N, Kang Y. Dysregulation of developmental pathways in bone metastasis. Bone 2011; 48:16-22. [PMID: 20630490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that pathways normally functioning during embryonic development are dysregulated in cancer. Experimental and clinical studies have established strong connections between aberrant developmental pathways and transformation, as well as other early stage events of cancer progression. There is now emerging evidence that also indicates the contribution of developmental pathways to the pathogenesis of distant metastasis, including bone metastasis. In particular, the Wnt, BMP, and Hedgehog signaling pathways have all been implicated in the development of bone metastasis. These developmental pathways participate in the regulation of cell-autonomous functions in tumor cells as well as tumor-stromal interactions in the bone microenvironment, eventually promoting the formation of osteolytic or osteoblastic bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Stasyk T, Holzmann J, Stumberger S, Ebner HL, Hess MW, Bonn GK, Mechtler K, Huber LA. Proteomic analysis of endosomes from genetically modified p14/MP1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Proteomics 2010; 10:4117-27. [PMID: 21080497 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The p14/MP1 scaffold complex binds MEK1 and ERK1/2 on late endosomes, thus regulating the strength, duration and intracellular location of MAPK signaling. By organelle proteomics we have compared the protein composition of endosomes purified from genetically modified p14⁻/⁻, p14+/⁻ and p14(rev) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The latter ones were reconstituted retrovirally from p14⁻/⁻ mouse embryonic fibroblasts by reexpression of pEGFP-p14 at equimolar ratios with its physiological binding partner MP1, as shown here by absolute quantification of MP1 and p14 proteins on endosomes by quantitative MS using the Equimolarity through Equalizer Peptide strategy. A combination of subcellular fractionation, 2-D DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS revealed 31 proteins differentially regulated in p14⁻/⁻ organelles, which were rescued by reexpression of pEGFP-p14 in p14⁻/⁻ endosomes. Regulated proteins are known to be involved in actin remodeling, endosomal signal transduction and trafficking. Identified proteins and their in silico interaction networks suggested that endosomal signaling might regulate such major cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Stasyk
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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49
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: a critical review. Cell Signal 2010; 23:609-20. [PMID: 20959140 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been identified in humans with varying functions during processes such as embryogenesis, skeletal formation, hematopoiesis and neurogenesis. Though their functions have been identified, less is known regarding levels of regulation at the extracellular matrix, membrane surface, and receptor activation. Further, current models of activation lack the integration of these regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the different levels of regulation, ranging from the release of BMPs into the extracellular components to receptor activation for different BMPs. It also highlights areas in research that is lacking or contradictory.
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50
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Nørgaard NN, Holien T, Jönsson S, Hella H, Espevik T, Sundan A, Standal T. CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits Smad-dependent bone morphogenetic protein signaling: effects on myeloma cell apoptosis and in vitro osteoblastogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3131-9. [PMID: 20702733 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The TLR9 agonist CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) with a phosphorothioate backbone (PTO-CpG-ODN) is evaluated in clinical trials as a vaccine adjuvant or as treatment of cancers. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate growth and differentiation of several cell types, and also induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Cross-talk between BMP- and TLR-signaling has been reported, and we aimed to investigate whether CpG-ODN influenced BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation or BMP-induced apoptosis of malignant plasma cells. We found that PTO-CpG-ODN inhibited BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. Further, PTO-CpG-ODN counteracted BMP-2- and BMP-6-induced apoptosis of the human myeloma cell lines IH-1 and INA-6, respectively. In contrast, PTO-CpG-ODN did not antagonize the antiproliferative effect of BMP-2 on hMSCs or IH-1 cells. Inhibition of Smad-signaling and p38 MAPK-signaling indicated that apoptosis of IH-1 cells is dependent on Smad-signaling downstream of BMP, whereas the antiproliferative effect of BMP-2 on IH-1 cells also involves p38 MAPK-signaling. Together, the data suggested a specific inhibition by PTO-CpG-ODN on BMP-Smad-signaling. Supporting this we found that PTO-CpG-ODN inhibited BMP-induced phosphorylation of receptor-Smads in human mesenchymal stem cells and myeloma cell lines. This effect appeared to be independent of TLR9 because GpC-ODN and other ODNs with the ability to form multimeric structures inhibited Smad-signaling as efficiently as PTO-CpG-ODNs, and because knockdown of TLR9 by small interfering RNA in INA-6 cells did not blunt the effect of PTO-CpG-ODN. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PTO-CpG-ODN inhibits BMP-signaling, and thus might provoke unwanted TLR9-independent side effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Nørgaard
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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