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Wuerger LTD, Sprenger H, Krasikova K, Templin M, Stahl A, Herfurth UM, Sieg H, Braeuning A. A multi-omics approach to elucidate okadaic acid-induced changes in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03796-1. [PMID: 38832940 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a prevalent marine biotoxin found in shellfish, is known for causing acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its potential to reach the bloodstream and the liver, the hepatic effects of OA are not well understood, highlighting a significant research gap. This study aims to comprehensively elucidate the impact of OA on the liver by examining the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome alterations in human HepaRG liver cells exposed to non-cytotoxic OA concentrations. We employed an integrative multi-omics approach, encompassing RNA sequencing, shotgun proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and targeted DigiWest analysis. This enabled a detailed exploration of gene and protein expression changes, alongside phosphorylation patterns under OA treatment. The study reveals concentration- and time-dependent deregulation in gene and protein expression, with a significant down-regulation of xenobiotic and lipid metabolism pathways. Up-regulated pathways include actin crosslink formation and a deregulation of apoptotic pathways. Notably, our results revealed that OA, as a potent phosphatase inhibitor, induces alterations in actin filament organization. Phosphoproteomics data highlighted the importance of phosphorylation in enzyme activity regulation, particularly affecting proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton. OA's inhibition of PP2A further leads to various downstream effects, including alterations in protein translation and energy metabolism. This research expands the understanding of OA's systemic impact, emphasizing its role in modulating the phosphorylation landscape, which influences crucial cellular processes. The results underscore OA's multifaceted effects on the liver, particularly through PP2A inhibition, impacting xenobiotic metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamics, and energy homeostasis. These insights enhance our comprehension of OA's biological significance and potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie T D Wuerger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ksenia Krasikova
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Uta M Herfurth
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Sieg
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Gopalakrishnan K, Kannan B, Pandi C, Pandi A, Ramasubramanian A, Jayaseelan VP, Arumugam P. Aberrant expression of VASP serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024:S2212-4403(24)00288-8. [PMID: 38816308 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the molecular markers linked to the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we sought to analyze the expression of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteins (VASP) in OSCC samples. STUDY DESIGN This study used 51 OSCC patients and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) dataset to analyze VASP expression. The association between VASP mRNA expression and HNSCC clinicopathological features, tumor infiltration, functional roles, and gene co-expression of VASP also were evaluated. RESULTS Our study observed increased VASP mRNA expression in OSCC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, supported by TCGA-HNSC dataset analysis. Elevated VASP levels correlated with advanced tumor stage, higher grade, nodal metastasis, and poor survival, indicating its potential as a prognostic marker. Protein analysis and immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings, and in silico analysis revealed VASP involvement in key cancer-related processes and its correlation with IL8, RAP1A expression, and tumor infiltration levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, VASP emerges as a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for OSCC within HNSCC, emphasizing the importance of exploring its regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications. The revealed pathways present avenues for targeted treatment in OSCC. Despite limitations, this study provides valuable insights with potential implications for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karpakavinayakam Gopalakrishnan
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Balachander Kannan
- Molecular Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Chandra Pandi
- Molecular Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Anitha Pandi
- Clinical Genetics Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Abilasha Ramasubramanian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
- Clinical Genetics Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India
| | - Paramasivam Arumugam
- Molecular Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, TN, India.
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3
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Yalaz C, Bridges E, Alham NK, Zois CE, Chen J, Bensaad K, Miar A, Pires E, Muschel RJ, McCullagh JSO, Harris AL. Cone photoreceptor phosphodiesterase PDE6H inhibition regulates cancer cell growth and metabolism, replicating the dark retina response. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:5. [PMID: 38350962 PMCID: PMC10863171 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDE6H encodes PDE6γ', the inhibitory subunit of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 6 in cone photoreceptors. Inhibition of PDE6, which has been widely studied for its role in light transduction, increases cGMP levels. The purpose of this study is to characterise the role of PDE6H in cancer cell growth. METHODS From an siRNA screen for 487 genes involved in metabolism, PDE6H was identified as a controller of cell cycle progression in HCT116 cells. Role of PDE6H in cancer cell growth and metabolism was studied through the effects of its depletion on levels of cell cycle controllers, mTOR effectors, metabolite levels, and metabolic energy assays. Effect of PDE6H deletion on tumour growth was also studied in a xenograft model. RESULTS PDE6H knockout resulted in an increase of intracellular cGMP levels, as well as changes to the levels of nucleotides and key energy metabolism intermediates. PDE6H knockdown induced G1 cell cycle arrest and cell death and reduced mTORC1 signalling in cancer cell lines. Both knockdown and knockout of PDE6H resulted in the suppression of mitochondrial function. HCT116 xenografts revealed that PDE6H deletion, as well as treatment with the PDE5/6 inhibitor sildenafil, slowed down tumour growth and improved survival, while sildenafil treatment did not have an additive effect on slowing the growth of PDE6γ'-deficient tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the changes in cGMP and purine pools, as well as mitochondrial function which is observed upon PDE6γ' depletion, are independent of the PKG pathway. We show that in HCT116, PDE6H deletion replicates many effects of the dark retina response and identify PDE6H as a new target in preventing cancer cell proliferation and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yalaz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Esther Bridges
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nasullah K Alham
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Karim Bensaad
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Miar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Medical Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
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4
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McCormick LE, Suarez C, Herring LE, Cannon KS, Kovar DR, Brown NG, Gupton SL. Multi-monoubiquitylation controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261527. [PMID: 38277158 PMCID: PMC10917064 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton performs multiple cellular functions, and as such, actin polymerization must be tightly regulated. We previously demonstrated that reversible, non-degradative ubiquitylation regulates the function of the actin polymerase VASP in developing neurons. However, the underlying mechanism of how ubiquitylation impacts VASP activity was unknown. Here, we show that mimicking multi-monoubiquitylation of VASP at K240 and K286 negatively regulates VASP interactions with actin. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate the reduced ability of multi-monoubiquitylated VASP to bind, bundle, and elongate actin filaments. However, multi-monoubiquitylated VASP maintained the ability to bind and protect barbed ends from capping protein. Finally, we demonstrate the electroporation of recombinant multi-monoubiquitylated VASP protein altered cell spreading morphology. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism in which ubiquitylation controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cristian Suarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kevin S. Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R. Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Morelli M, Adcock J, Yim TW, Rook J, Mocco J, Brophy C, Cheung-Flynn J. The Cell Permeant Phosphopetpide mimetic of VASP Alleviates Motor Function Deficits After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:9. [PMID: 38214771 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to delayed vasospasm and neuroischemia, which can result in profound neurologic deficit and death. Therapeutic options after SAH are currently limited to hemodynamic optimization and nimodipine, which have limited clinical efficacy. Experimental SAH results in cerebral vasospasm have demonstrated the downregulation of nitric oxide (NO)-protein kinase G (PKG) signaling elements. VP3 is a novel cell permeant phosphopeptide mimetic of VASP, a substrate of PKG and an actin-associated protein that modulates vasorelaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we determined that intravenous administration of high doses of VP3 did not induce systemic hypotension in rats except at the maximal soluble dose, implying that VP3 is well-tolerated and has a wide therapeutic window. Using a single cisterna magna injection rat model of SAH, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of low-dose VP3 after SAH improved neurologic deficits for up to 14 days as determined by the rotarod test. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at targeting the cerebral vasculature with VP3 may improve neurologic deficits associated with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Morelli
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie Adcock
- Division of Surgical Research, Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tsz Wing Yim
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerri Rook
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Cerebrovascular Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen Brophy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Wang C, Zhao X, Zhao L, Wang Y, Jia Y, Zhang X, Ma W. PKCζ phosphorylates VASP to mediate chemotaxis in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113823. [PMID: 37890607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common malignant cancers in females, and metastasis remains the leading cause of death in these patients. Chemotaxis plays an important role in cancer cell metastasis and the mechanism of breast cancer chemotaxis has become a central issue in contemporary research. PKCζ, a member of the atypical PKC family, has been reported to be an essential component of the EGF-stimulated chemotactic signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism through which PKCζ regulates chemotaxis remains unclear. Here, we used a proteomic approach to identify PKCζ-interacting proteins in breast cancer cells and identified VASP as a potential binding partner. Intriguingly, stimulation with EGF enhanced this interaction and induced the translocalization of PKCζ and VASP to the cell membrane. Further experiments showed that PKCζ catalyzes the phosphorylation of VASP at Ser157, which is critical for the biological function of VASP in regulating chemotaxis and actin polymerization in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, in PKCζ knockdown BC cells, the enrichment of VASP at the leading edge was reduced, and its interaction with profilin1 was attenuated, thereby reducing the chemotaxis and overall motility of breast cancer cells after EGF treatment. In functional assays, PKCζ promoted chemotaxis and motility of BC cells through VASP. Our findings demonstrate that PKCζ, a new kinase of VASP, plays an important role in promoting breast cancer metastasis and provides a theoretical basis for expanding new approaches to tumor biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277000, China
| | - Yunqiu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanshan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine China.
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Wang S, He Y, Tian T, Lu J, Lu Y, Huang X, Zou Y, Zhang L, Fang X, Liu B. Nanoarray Enabled Size-Dependent Isolation and Proteomics Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations toward Accurate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15276-15285. [PMID: 37782295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as noninvasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy due to their significant function in pathology and physiology. However, the phenotypic heterogeneity of sEVs presents a significant challenge to their study and has significant implications for their applications in liquid biopsies. In this study, anodic aluminum oxide films with different pore sizes (AAO nanoarray) were introduced to enable size-based isolation and downstream proteomics profiling of sEV subpopulations. The adjustable pore size and abundant Al3+ on the framework of AAOs allowed size-dependent isolation of sEV subpopulations through nanoconfined effects and Lewis acid-base interaction between AAOs and sEVs. Benefiting from the strong concerted effect, the simple AAO nanoarray enabled specific isolation of three sEV subpopulations, termed "50", "90", and "150 nm" groups, from 10 μL of complex biological samples within 10 min with high capture efficiencies and purities. Moreover, the nanopores of AAOs also acted as nanoreactors for comprehensive proteomic profiling of the captured sEV subpopulations to reveal their heterogeneity. The AAO nanoarray was first investigated on sEVs from a cell culture medium, where sEV subpopulations could be clearly distinguished, and three traditional sEV-specific proteins (CD81, CD9, and FLOT1) could be identified by proteomic analysis. A total of 3946, 3951, and 3940 proteins were identified from 50, 90, and 150 nm sEV subpopulations, respectively, which is almost twice the number compared to those obtained from the conventional approach. The concept was further applied to complex real-case sample analysis from prostate cancer patients. Machine learning and gene ontology (GO) information analysis of the identified proteins indicate that different-sized sEV subpopulations contain unique protein cargos and have distinct cellular components and molecular functions. Further receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis of the top five differential proteins from the three sEV subpopulations demonstrated the high accuracy of the proposed approach toward prostate cancer diagnosis (AUC > 0.99). More importantly, several proteins involved in focal adhesion and antigen processing and presentation pathways were found to be upregulated in prostate cancer patients, which may serve as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. These results suggest that the sEV subpopulation-based AAO nanoarray is of great value in facilitating the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and opens a new avenue for sEVs in liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tongtong Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoni Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Mukherjee D, Previs RA, Haines C, Al Abo M, Juras PK, Strickland KC, Chakraborty B, Artham S, Whitaker RS, Hebert K, Fontenot J, Patierno SR, Freedman JA, Lau FH, Burow ME, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Targeting CaMKK2 Inhibits Actin Cytoskeletal Assembly to Suppress Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2889-2907. [PMID: 37335130 PMCID: PMC10472110 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) tend to become invasive and metastatic at early stages in their development. Despite some treatment successes in early-stage localized TNBC, the rate of distant recurrence remains high, and long-term survival outcomes remain poor. In a search for new therapeutic targets for this disease, we observed that elevated expression of the serine/threonine kinase calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is highly correlated with tumor invasiveness. In validation studies, genetic disruption of CaMKK2 expression or inhibition of its activity with small molecule inhibitors disrupted spontaneous metastatic outgrowth from primary tumors in murine xenograft models of TNBC. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a high-risk, poor prognosis ovarian cancer subtype, shares many features with TNBC, and CaMKK2 inhibition effectively blocked metastatic progression in a validated xenograft model of this disease. Mechanistically, CaMKK2 increased the expression of the phosphodiesterase PDE1A, which hydrolyzed cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to decrease the cGMP-dependent activity of protein kinase G1 (PKG1). Inhibition of PKG1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which in its hypophosphorylated state binds to and regulates F-actin assembly to facilitate cell movement. Together, these findings establish a targetable CaMKK2-PDE1A-PKG1-VASP signaling pathway that controls cancer cell motility and metastasis by impacting the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, it identifies CaMKK2 as a potential therapeutic target that can be exploited to restrict tumor invasiveness in patients diagnosed with early-stage TNBC or localized HGSOC. SIGNIFICANCE CaMKK2 regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics to promote tumor invasiveness and can be inhibited to suppress metastasis of breast and ovarian cancer, indicating CaMKK2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to arrest disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A. Previs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Corinne Haines
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Muthana Al Abo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick K. Juras
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyle C. Strickland
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Binita Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Regina S. Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Katherine Hebert
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jake Fontenot
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steven R. Patierno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frank H. Lau
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donald P. McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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9
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McCormick LE, Suarez C, Herring LE, Cannon KS, Kovar DR, Brown NG, Gupton SL. Multi-monoubiquitination controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549237. [PMID: 37503134 PMCID: PMC10370145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton performs multiple cellular functions, and as such, actin polymerization must be tightly regulated. We previously demonstrated that reversible, non-degradative ubiquitination regulates the function of the actin polymerase VASP in developing neurons. However, the underlying mechanism of how ubiquitination impacts VASP activity was unknown. Here we show that mimicking multi-monoubiquitination of VASP at K240 and K286 negatively regulates VASP interactions with actin. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrate the reduced ability of multi-monoubiquitinated VASP to bind, bundle, and elongate actin filaments. However, multi-monoubiquitinated VASP maintained the ability to bind and protect barbed ends from capping protein. Lastly, we demonstrate the introduction of recombinant multi-monoubiquitinated VASP protein altered cell spreading morphology. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism in which ubiquitination controls VASP-mediated actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Cristian Suarez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Laura E Herring
- Michael Hooker Proteomics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kevin S Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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10
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Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Cakir Z, Lord SJ, Zhou Y, Jang GM, Polacco BJ, Eckhardt M, Jimenez-Morales D, Newton BW, Orr AL, Johnson JR, da Cruz A, Mullins RD, Krogan NJ, Mahley RW, Swaney DL. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals apoE4-Dependent Phosphorylation of the Actin-Regulating Protein VASP. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100541. [PMID: 37019383 PMCID: PMC10196575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. While neurons generally produce a minority of the apoE in the central nervous system, neuronal expression of apoE increases dramatically in response to stress and is sufficient to drive pathology. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of how apoE4 expression may regulate pathology are not fully understood. Here, we expand upon our previous studies measuring the impact of apoE4 on protein abundance to include the analysis of protein phosphorylation and ubiquitylation signaling in isogenic Neuro-2a cells expressing apoE3 or apoE4. ApoE4 expression resulted in a dramatic increase in vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) S235 phosphorylation in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. This phosphorylation disrupted VASP interactions with numerous actin cytoskeletal and microtubular proteins. Reduction of VASP S235 phosphorylation via PKA inhibition resulted in a significant increase in filopodia formation and neurite outgrowth in apoE4-expressing cells, exceeding levels observed in apoE3-expressing cells. Our results highlight the pronounced and diverse impact of apoE4 on multiple modes of protein regulation and identify protein targets to restore apoE4-related cytoskeletal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Cakir
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samuel J Lord
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M Jang
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin J Polacco
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manon Eckhardt
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Billy W Newton
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam L Orr
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - R Dyche Mullins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert W Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA.
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12
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Mukherjee D, Previs RA, Haines CN, Abo MA, Juras PK, Strickland KC, Chakraborty B, Artham S, Whitaker R, Hebert KL, Fontenot J, Patierno SR, Freedman JA, Lau FH, Burow M, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Ca 2+ /Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase-2 (CaMKK2) promotes Protein Kinase G (PKG)-dependent actin cytoskeletal assembly to increase tumor metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.17.536051. [PMID: 37131673 PMCID: PMC10153149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.17.536051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) tend to become highly invasive early during cancer development. Despite some successes in the initial treatment of patients diagnosed with early-stage localized TNBC, the rate of metastatic recurrence remains high with poor long-term survival outcomes. Here we show that elevated expression of the serine/threonine-kinase, Calcium/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2), is highly correlated with tumor invasiveness. We determined that genetic disruption of CaMKK2 expression, or inhibition of its activity, disrupted spontaneous metastatic outgrowth from primary tumors in murine xenograft models of TNBC. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a high-risk, poor-prognosis ovarian cancer subtype, shares many genetic features with TNBC, and importantly, CaMKK2 inhibition effectively blocked metastatic progression in a validated xenograft model of this disease. Probing the mechanistic links between CaMKK2 and metastasis we defined the elements of a new signaling pathway that impacts actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a manner which increases cell migration/invasion and metastasis. Notably, CaMKK2 increases the expression of the phosphodiesterase PDE1A which decreases the cGMP-dependent activity of protein kinase G1 (PKG1). This inhibition of PKG1 results in decreased phosphorylation of Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP), which in its hypophosphorylated state binds to and regulates F-actin assembly to facilitate contraction/cell movement. Together, these data establish a targetable CaMKK2-PDE1A-PKG1-VASP signaling pathway that controls cancer cell motility and metastasis. Further, it credentials CaMKK2 as a therapeutic target that can be exploited in the discovery of agents for use in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting to restrict tumor invasiveness in patients diagnosed with early-stage TNBC or localized HGSOC.
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13
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Tao A, LaCroix AS, Shoyer TC, Venkatraman V, Xu KL, Feiger B, Hoffman BD. Identifying constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment within focal adhesions. Dev Cell 2023; 58:522-534.e7. [PMID: 36924770 PMCID: PMC10080727 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive processes often rely on adhesion structures to strengthen, or mature, in response to applied loads. However, a limited understanding of how the molecular tensions that are experienced by a particular protein affect the recruitment of other proteins represents a major obstacle in the way of deciphering molecular mechanisms that underlie mechanosensitive processes. Here, we describe an imaging-based technique, termed fluorescence-tension co-localization (FTC), for studying molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment inside cells. Guided by discrete time Markov chain simulations of protein recruitment, we integrate immunofluorescence labeling, molecular tension sensors, and machine learning to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and context dependence of molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment. The application of FTC to the mechanical linker protein vinculin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts reveals constitutive and context-specific molecular-tension-sensitive protein recruitment that varies with adhesion maturation. FTC overcomes limitations associated with the alteration of numerous proteins during the manipulation of cell contractility, providing molecularly specific insights into tension-sensitive protein recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tao
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen L Xu
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bradley Feiger
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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14
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Temizci B, Kucukvardar S, Karabay A. Spastin Promotes the Migration and Invasion Capability of T98G Glioblastoma Cells by Interacting with Pin1 through Its Microtubule-Binding Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030427. [PMID: 36766769 PMCID: PMC9913556 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing protein Spastin has been shown to co-localize with actin in migratory glioblastoma cells and is linked to glioblastomas' migration and invasion capacity. However, the effectiveness of Spastin in glioblastoma migration and the molecular mechanism underpinning the orientation of Spastin towards actin filaments remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Spastin plays an active role in glioblastoma migration by showing a reduced migratory potential of T98G glioblastoma cells using real-time cell analysis (RTCA) in Spastin-depleted cells. Pull-down assays revealed that a cis-trans isomerase Pin1 interacts with Spastin through binding to the phosphorylated Pin1 recognition motifs in the microtubule-binding domain (MBD), and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that interaction with Pin1 directs Spastin to actin filaments in extended cell regions. Consequently, by utilizing RTCA, we proved that the migration and invasion capacity of T98G glioblastoma cells significantly increased with the overexpression of Spastin, of which the Pin1 recognition motifs in MBD are constitutively phosphorylated, while the overexpression of phospho-mutant form did not have a significant effect on migration and invasion of T98G glioblastoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Pin1 is a novel interaction partner of Spastin, and their interaction drives Spastin to actin filaments, allowing Spastin to contribute to the glioblastomas' migration and invasion abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benan Temizci
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seren Kucukvardar
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-212-285-7257
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15
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He H, Yang W, Su N, Zhang C, Dai J, Han F, Singhal M, Bai W, Zhu X, Zhu J, Liu Z, Xia W, Liu X, Zhang C, Jiang K, Huang W, Chen D, Wang Z, He X, Kirchhoff F, Li Z, Liu C, Huan J, Wang X, Wei W, Wang J, Augustin HG, Hu J. Activating NO-sGC crosstalk in the mouse vascular niche promotes vascular integrity and mitigates acute lung injury. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213673. [PMID: 36350314 PMCID: PMC9984546 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of endothelial cell (ECs) and pericytes interactions results in vascular leakage in acute lung injury (ALI). However, molecular signals mediating EC-pericyte crosstalk have not been systemically investigated, and whether targeting such crosstalk could be adopted to combat ALI remains elusive. Using comparative genome-wide EC-pericyte crosstalk analysis of healthy and LPS-challenged lungs, we discovered that crosstalk between endothelial nitric oxide and pericyte soluble guanylate cyclase (NO-sGC) is impaired in ALI. Indeed, stimulating the NO-sGC pathway promotes vascular integrity and reduces lung edema and inflammation-induced lung injury, while pericyte-specific sGC knockout abolishes this protective effect. Mechanistically, sGC activation suppresses cytoskeleton rearrangement in pericytes through inhibiting VASP-dependent F-actin formation and MRTFA/SRF-dependent de novo synthesis of genes associated with cytoskeleton rearrangement, thereby leading to the stabilization of EC-pericyte interactions. Collectively, our data demonstrate that impaired NO-sGC crosstalk in the vascular niche results in elevated vascular permeability, and pharmacological activation of this crosstalk represents a promising translational therapy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuankai Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Han
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mahak Singhal
- Laboratory of AngioRhythms, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wenjuan Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Xia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghe Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dan Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingning Huan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wu Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Correspondence to Junhao Hu:
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16
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Thompson SB, Waldman MM, Jacobelli J. Polymerization power: effectors of actin polymerization as regulators of T lymphocyte migration through complex environments. FEBS J 2022; 289:6154-6171. [PMID: 34273243 PMCID: PMC8761786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During their life span, T cells are tasked with patrolling the body for potential pathogens. To do so, T cells migrate through numerous distinct anatomical sites and tissue environments with different biophysical characteristics. To migrate through these different environments, T cells use various motility strategies that rely on actin network remodeling to generate shape changes and mechanical forces. In this review, we initially discuss the migratory journey of T cells and then cover the actin polymerization effectors at play in T cells, and finally, we focus on the function of these effectors of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in mediating T-cell migration through diverse tissue environments. Specifically, we will discuss the current state of the field pertaining to our understanding of the roles in T-cell migration played by members of the three main families of actin polymerization machinery: the Arp2/3 complex; formin proteins; and Ena/VASP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Thompson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Monique M. Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine
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17
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Nast-Kolb T, Bleicher P, Payr M, Bausch AR. VASP localization to lipid bilayers induces polymerization driven actin bundle formation. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar91. [PMID: 35830600 PMCID: PMC9582628 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin bundles constitute important cytoskeleton structures and enable a scaffold for force transmission inside cells. Actin bundles are formed by proteins, with multiple F-actin binding domains cross-linking actin filaments to each other. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) has mostly been reported as an actin elongator, but it has been shown to be a bundling protein as well and is found in bundled actin structures at filopodia and adhesion sites. Based on in vitro experiments, it remains unclear when and how VASP can act as an actin bundler or elongator. Here we demonstrate that VASP bound to membranes facilitates the formation of large actin bundles during polymerization. The alignment by polymerization requires the fluidity of the lipid bilayers. The mobility within the bilayer enables VASP to bind to filaments and capture and track growing barbed ends. VASP itself phase separates into a protein-enriched phase on the bilayer. This VASP-rich phase nucleates and accumulates at bundles during polymerization, which in turn leads to a reorganization of the underlying lipid bilayer. Our findings demonstrate that the nature of VASP localization is decisive for its function. The up-concentration based on VASP’s affinity to actin during polymerization enables it to simultaneously fulfill the function of an elongator and a bundler.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nast-Kolb
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and
| | - P Bleicher
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and.,Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - M Payr
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany and.,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhoferstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A R Bausch
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Pten is one of the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor gene in cancer. PTEN is generally altered in invasive cancers such as glioblastomas, but its function in collective cell migration and invasion is not fully characterised. Herein, we report that the loss of PTEN increases cell speed during collective migration of non-tumourous cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further show that loss of PTEN promotes LKB1-dependent phosphorylation and activation of the major metabolic regulator AMPK. In turn AMPK increases VASP phosphorylation, reduces VASP localisation at cell-cell junctions and decreases the interjunctional transverse actin arcs at the leading front, provoking a weakening of cell-cell contacts and increasing migration speed. Targeting AMPK activity not only slows down PTEN-depleted cells, it also limits PTEN-null glioblastoma cell invasion, opening new opportunities to treat glioblastoma lethal invasiveness. Pten is a tumour suppressor gene that is associated with highly invasive cancers such as glioblastoma. Here the authors show that PTEN loss results in increased migratory behaviour, which can be countered by targeting AMPK activity.
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19
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Kotschenreuther K, Yan S, Kofler DM. Migration and homeostasis of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947636. [PMID: 36016949 PMCID: PMC9398455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are garnering increased attention in research related to autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by restricting effector T cell activity. Reduced functions and frequencies of Treg cells contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, a common autoimmune disease which leads to systemic inflammation and erosive joint destruction. Treg cells from patients with RA are characterized by impaired functions and by an altered phenotype. They show increased plasticity towards Th17 cells and a reduced suppressive capacity. Besides the suppressive function of Treg cells, their effectiveness is determined by their ability to migrate into inflamed tissues. In the past years, new mechanisms involved in Treg cell migration have been identified. One example of such a mechanism is the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Efficient migration of Treg cells requires the presence of VASP. IL-6, a cytokine which is abundantly present in the peripheral blood and in the synovial tissue of RA patients, induces posttranslational modifications of VASP. Recently, it has been shown in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that this IL-6 mediated posttranslational modification leads to reduced Treg cell trafficking. Another protein which facilitates Treg cell migration is G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2). It modulates G-protein coupled receptor functioning, thereby altering the cellular activity initiated by cell surface receptors in response to extracellular signals. The almost complete lack of GPSM2 in Treg cells from RA patients contributes to their reduced ability to migrate towards inflammatory sites. In this review article, we highlight the newly identified mechanisms of Treg cell migration and review the current knowledge about impaired Treg cell homeostasis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kotschenreuther
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuaifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David M. Kofler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: David M. Kofler,
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20
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Migliavacca J, Züllig B, Capdeville C, Grotzer MA, Baumgartner M. Cooperation of Striatin 3 and MAP4K4 promotes growth and tissue invasion. Commun Biol 2022; 5:795. [PMID: 35941177 PMCID: PMC9360036 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MAP4K4 is associated with increased motility and reduced proliferation in tumor cells, but the regulation of this dichotomous functionality remained elusive. We find that MAP4K4 interacts with striatin 3 and 4 (STRN3/4) and that STRN3 and MAP4K4 exert opposing functions in Hippo signaling and clonal growth. However, depletion of either STRN3 or MAP4K4 in medulloblastoma cells reduces invasion, and loss of both proteins abrogates tumor cell growth in the cerebellar tissue. Mechanistically, STRN3 couples MAP4K4 to the protein phosphatase 2A, which inactivates growth repressing activities of MAP4K4. In parallel, STRN3 enables growth factor-induced PKCθ activation and direct phosphorylation of VASPS157 by MAP4K4, which both are necessary for efficient cell invasion. VASPS157 directed activity of MAP4K4 and STRN3 requires the CNH domain of MAP4K4, which mediates its interaction with striatins. Thus, STRN3 is a master regulator of MAP4K4 function, and disruption of its cooperation with MAP4K4 reactivates Hippo signaling and represses tissue invasion in medulloblastoma. Analysis of the MAP4K4-STRN3 cooperation in medulloblastoma reveals its opposing regulation of Hippo activation and tissue invasion in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Migliavacca
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Buket Züllig
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Capdeville
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Grotzer
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Pediatric Molecular Neuro-Oncology Research, Division of Oncology, Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Svec KV, Howe AK. Protein Kinase A in cellular migration—Niche signaling of a ubiquitous kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953093. [PMID: 35959460 PMCID: PMC9361040 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires establishment and maintenance of directional polarity, which in turn requires spatial heterogeneity in the regulation of protrusion, retraction, and adhesion. Thus, the signaling proteins that regulate these various structural processes must also be distinctly regulated in subcellular space. Protein Kinase A (PKA) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase involved in innumerable cellular processes. In the context of cell migration, it has a paradoxical role in that global inhibition or activation of PKA inhibits migration. It follows, then, that the subcellular regulation of PKA is key to bringing its proper permissive and restrictive functions to the correct parts of the cell. Proper subcellular regulation of PKA controls not only when and where it is active but also specifies the targets for that activity, allowing the cell to use a single, promiscuous kinase to exert distinct functions within different subcellular niches to facilitate cell movement. In this way, understanding PKA signaling in migration is a study in context and in the elegant coordination of distinct functions of a single protein in a complex cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V. Svec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alan K. Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, V T, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Alan K. Howe,
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22
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Bhadra A, Scruggs AK, Leavesley SJ, Annamdevula N, George AH, Britain AL, Francis CM, Knighten JM, Rich TC, Bauer NN. Extracellular vesicle-induced cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2022; 95:110348. [PMID: 35504529 PMCID: PMC10676271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Second messenger signaling is required for cellular processes. We previously reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stimulated cultured endothelial cells contain the biochemical second messenger, cAMP. In the current study, we sought to determine whether cAMP-enriched EVs induce second messenger signaling pathways in naïve recipient cells. Our results indicate that cAMP-enriched EVs increase cAMP content sufficient to stimulate PKA activity. The implications of our work are that EVs represent a novel intercellular mechanism for second messenger, specifically cAMP, signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Bhadra
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - April K Scruggs
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Naga Annamdevula
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - April H George
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Andrea L Britain
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Christopher M Francis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jennifer M Knighten
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Natalie N Bauer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America.
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23
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Waldman MM, Rahkola JT, Sigler AL, Chung JW, Willett BAS, Kedl RM, Friedman RS, Jacobelli J. Ena/VASP Protein-Mediated Actin Polymerization Contributes to Naïve CD8 + T Cell Activation and Expansion by Promoting T Cell-APC Interactions In Vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856977. [PMID: 35757762 PMCID: PMC9222560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) occurs upon recognition of cognate antigen presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). T cell activation requires cytoskeleton rearrangement and sustained interactions with APCs. Enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) proteins are a family of cytoskeletal effector proteins responsible for actin polymerization and are frequently found at the leading edge of motile cells. Ena/VASP proteins have been implicated in motility and adhesion in various cell types, but their role in primary T cell interstitial motility and activation has not been explored. Our goal was to determine the contribution of Ena/VASP proteins to T cell–APC interactions, T cell activation, and T cell expansion in vivo. Our results showed that naïve T cells from Ena/VASP-deficient mice have a significant reduction in antigen-specific T cell accumulation following Listeria monocytogenes infection. The kinetics of T cell expansion impairment were further confirmed in Ena/VASP-deficient T cells stimulated via dendritic cell immunization. To investigate the cause of this T cell expansion defect, we analyzed T cell–APC interactions in vivo by two-photon microscopy and observed fewer Ena/VASP-deficient naïve T cells interacting with APCs in LNs during priming. We also determined that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells formed conjugates with significantly less actin polymerization at the T cell–APC synapse, and that these conjugates were less stable than their WT counterparts. Finally, we found that Ena/VASP-deficient T cells have less LFA-1 polarized to the T cell–APC synapse. Thus, we conclude that Ena/VASP proteins contribute to T cell actin remodeling during T cell–APC interactions, which promotes the initiation of stable T cell conjugates during APC scanning. Therefore, Ena/VASP proteins are required for efficient activation and expansion of T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Waldman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeremy T Rahkola
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ashton L Sigler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Chung
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin A S Willett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel S Friedman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jordan Jacobelli
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Barbara Davis Research Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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24
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Jehle A, Garaschuk O. The Interplay between cGMP and Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137048. [PMID: 35806059 PMCID: PMC9266933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger and a key molecule in many important signaling cascades in the body and brain, including phototransduction, olfaction, vasodilation, and functional hyperemia. Additionally, cGMP is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of learning and memory, and recent studies have identified the cGMP-increasing drug Sildenafil as a potential risk modifier in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD development is accompanied by a net increase in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthases but a decreased activity of soluble guanylate cyclases, so the exact sign and extent of AD-mediated imbalance remain unclear. Moreover, human patients and mouse models of the disease present with entangled deregulation of both cGMP and Ca2+ signaling, e.g., causing changes in cGMP-mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores as well as Ca2+-mediated cGMP production. Still, the mechanisms governing such interplay are poorly understood. Here, we review the recent data on mechanisms underlying the brain cGMP signaling and its interconnection with Ca2+ signaling. We also discuss the recent evidence stressing the importance of such interplay for normal brain function as well as in Alzheimer’s disease.
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25
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Noh J, Isogai T, Chi J, Bhatt K, Danuser G. Granger-causal inference of the lamellipodial actin regulator hierarchy by live cell imaging without perturbation. Cell Syst 2022; 13:471-487.e8. [PMID: 35675823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many cell regulatory systems implicate nonlinearity and redundancy among components. The regulatory network governing lamellipodial and lamellar actin structures is prototypical of such a system, containing tens of actin-nucleating and -modulating molecules with functional overlap and feedback loops. Due to instantaneous and long-term compensation, phenotyping the system response to perturbation provides limited information on the roles the targeted component plays in the unperturbed system. Accordingly, how individual actin regulators contribute to lamellipodial dynamics remains ambiguous. Here, we present a perturbation-free reconstruction of cause-effect relations among actin regulators by applying Granger-causal inference to constitutive image fluctuations that indicate regulator recruitment as a proxy for activity. Our analysis identifies distinct zones of actin regulator activation and of causal effects on filament assembly and delineates actin-dependent and actin-independent regulator roles in controlling edge motion. We propose that edge motion is driven by assembly of two independently operating actin filament systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tadamoto Isogai
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kushal Bhatt
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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26
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Fang S, Wu J, Reho JJ, Lu KT, Brozoski DT, Kumar G, Werthman AM, Silva SD, Muskus Veitia PC, Wackman KK, Mathison AJ, Teng BQ, Lin CW, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. RhoBTB1 reverses established arterial stiffness in angiotensin-II hypertension by promoting actin depolymerization. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158043. [PMID: 35358093 PMCID: PMC9090250 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, but its treatment remains challenging. Mice treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) develop hypertension, arterial stiffness, vascular dysfunction, and a downregulation of Rho-related BTB domain–containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) in the vasculature. RhoBTB1 is associated with blood pressure regulation, but its function is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that restoring RhoBTB1 can attenuate arterial stiffness, hypertension, and vascular dysfunction in Ang II–treated mice. Genetic complementation of RhoBTB1 in the vasculature was achieved using mice expressing a tamoxifen-inducible, smooth muscle–specific RhoBTB1 transgene. RhoBTB1 restoration efficiently and rapidly alleviated arterial stiffness but not hypertension or vascular dysfunction. Mechanistic studies revealed that RhoBTB1 had no substantial effect on several classical arterial stiffness contributors, such as collagen deposition, elastin content, and vascular smooth muscle remodeling. Instead, Ang II increased actin polymerization in the aorta, which was reversed by RhoBTB1. Changes in the levels of 2 regulators of actin polymerization, cofilin and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, in response to RhoBTB1 were consistent with an actin depolymerization mechanism. Our study reveals an important function of RhoBTB1, demonstrates its vital role in antagonizing established arterial stiffness, and further supports a functional and mechanistic separation among hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - John J Reho
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Daniel T Brozoski
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Alec M Werthman
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Sebastiao Donato Silva
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Patricia C Muskus Veitia
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Kelsey K Wackman
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Department of Surgery and the Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Cente, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwawkee, United States of America
| | - Bi Qing Teng
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States of America
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27
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Faix J, Rottner K. Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274697. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The tightly coordinated, spatiotemporal control of actin filament remodeling provides the basis of fundamental cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. Specific protein assemblies, composed of various actin-binding proteins, are thought to operate in these processes to nucleate and elongate new filaments, arrange them into complex three-dimensional (3D) arrays and recycle them to replenish the actin monomer pool. Actin filament assembly is not only necessary to generate pushing forces against the leading edge membrane or to propel pathogens through the cytoplasm, but also coincides with the generation of stress fibers (SFs) and focal adhesions (FAs) that generate, transmit and sense mechanical tension. The only protein families known to date that directly enhance the elongation of actin filaments are formins and the family of Ena/VASP proteins. Their mechanisms of action, however, in enhancing processive filament elongation are distinct. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of Ena/VASP-mediated actin filament assembly, and to discuss recent insights into the cell biological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cell edge protrusion, migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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Konrath S, Mailer RK, Renné T. Mechanism, Functions, and Diagnostic Relevance of FXII Activation by Foreign Surfaces. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:489-501. [PMID: 34592776 DOI: 10.1055/a-1528-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease zymogen produced by hepatocytes and secreted into plasma. The highly glycosylated coagulation protein consists of six domains and a proline-rich region that regulate activation and function. Activation of FXII results from a conformational change induced by binding ("contact") with negatively charged surfaces. The activated serine protease FXIIa drives both the proinflammatory kallikrein-kinin pathway and the procoagulant intrinsic coagulation cascade, respectively. Deficiency in FXII is associated with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) but not with an increased bleeding tendency. However, genetic or pharmacological deficiency impairs both arterial and venous thrombosis in experimental models. This review summarizes current knowledge of FXII structure, mechanisms of FXII contact activation, and the importance of FXII for diagnostic coagulation testing and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Konrath
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Sari-Ak D, Torres-Gomez A, Yazicioglu YF, Christofides A, Patsoukis N, Lafuente EM, Boussiotis VA. Structural, biochemical, and functional properties of the Rap1-Interacting Adaptor Molecule (RIAM). Biomed J 2021; 45:289-298. [PMID: 34601137 PMCID: PMC9250098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes, the leading players of immune system, are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells during transmigration or to antigen presenting cells during T cell activation, requires integrin activation through a process termed inside-out integrin signaling. In hematopoietic cells, Rap1 and its downstream effector RIAM (Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule) form a cornerstone for inside-out integrin activation. The Rap1/RIAM pathway is involved in signal integration for activation, actin remodeling and cytoskeletal reorganization in T cells, as well as in myeloid cell differentiation and function. RIAM is instrumental for phagocytosis, a process requiring particle recognition, cytoskeletal remodeling and membrane protrusion for engulfment and digestion. In the present review, we discuss the structural and molecular properties of RIAM and the recent discoveries regarding the functional role of the Rap1/RIAM module in hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 34668
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yavuz-Furkan Yazicioglu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- School of Medicine, Unit of Immunology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215.
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30
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Benwell CJ, Taylor JAGE, Robinson SD. Endothelial neuropilin-2 influences angiogenesis by regulating actin pattern development and α5-integrin-p-FAK complex recruitment to assembling adhesion sites. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21679. [PMID: 34314542 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100286r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to form a variety of cell-matrix connections is crucial for angiogenesis to take place. Without stable anchorage to the extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells (ECs) are unable to sense, integrate and disseminate growth factor stimulated responses that drive growth of a vascular bed. Neuropilin-2 (NRP2) is a widely expressed membrane-bound multifunctional non-tyrosine kinase receptor, which has previously been implicated in influencing cell adhesion and migration by interacting with α5-integrin and regulating adhesion turnover. α5-integrin, and its ECM ligand fibronectin (FN) are both known to be upregulated during the formation of neo-vasculature. Despite being descriptively annotated as a candidate biomarker for aggressive cancer phenotypes, the EC-specific roles for NRP2 during developmental and pathological angiogenesis remain unexplored. The data reported here support a model whereby NRP2 actively promotes EC adhesion and migration by regulating dynamic cytoskeletal remodeling and by stimulating Rab11-dependent recycling of α5-integrin-p-FAK complexes to newly assembling adhesion sites. Furthermore, temporal depletion of EC-NRP2 in vivo impairs primary tumor growth by disrupting vessel formation. We also demonstrate that EC-NRP2 is required for normal postnatal retinal vascular development, specifically by regulating cell-matrix adhesion. Upon loss of endothelial NRP2, vascular outgrowth from the optic nerve during superficial plexus formation is disrupted, likely due to reduced FAK phosphorylation within sprouting tip cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Benwell
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - James A G E Taylor
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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31
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Rogacka D, Piwkowska A. Beneficial effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes in diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114687. [PMID: 34274355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances in podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction of podocyte foot processes forming a slit diaphragm is a common feature of proteinuria. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent of the biguanide class that is widely recommended for the treatment of high blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to lowering glucose, several recent studies have reported potential beneficial effects of metformin on diabetic kidney function. Furthermore, a key molecule of the antidiabetic mechanism of action of metformin is adenosine 5'-monophospate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the metformin-induced activation of AMPK is well documented. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of metformin against pathological changes in podocytes that are induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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Dadwal N, Mix C, Reinhold A, Witte A, Freund C, Schraven B, Kliche S. The Multiple Roles of the Cytosolic Adapter Proteins ADAP, SKAP1 and SKAP2 for TCR/CD3 -Mediated Signaling Events. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703534. [PMID: 34295339 PMCID: PMC8290198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are the key players of the adaptive immune response. They coordinate the activation of other immune cells and kill malignant and virus-infected cells. For full activation T cells require at least two signals. Signal 1 is induced after recognition of MHC/peptide complexes presented on antigen presenting cells (APCs) by the clonotypic TCR (T-cell receptor)/CD3 complex whereas Signal 2 is mediated via the co-stimulatory receptor CD28, which binds to CD80/CD86 molecules that are present on APCs. These signaling events control the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T cells. In addition, triggering of the TCR/CD3 complex induces the activation of the integrin LFA-1 (leukocyte function associated antigen 1) leading to increased ligand binding (affinity regulation) and LFA-1 clustering (avidity regulation). This process is termed "inside-out signaling". Subsequently, ligand bound LFA-1 transmits a signal into the T cells ("outside-in signaling") which enhances T-cell interaction with APCs (adhesion), T-cell activation and T-cell proliferation. After triggering of signal transducing receptors, adapter proteins organize the proper processing of membrane proximal and intracellular signals as well as the activation of downstream effector molecules. Adapter proteins are molecules that lack enzymatic or transcriptional activity and are composed of protein-protein and protein-lipid interacting domains/motifs. They organize and assemble macromolecular complexes (signalosomes) in space and time. Here, we review recent findings regarding three cytosolic adapter proteins, ADAP (Adhesion and Degranulation-promoting Adapter Protein), SKAP1 and SKAP2 (Src Kinase Associated Protein 1 and 2) with respect to their role in TCR/CD3-mediated activation, proliferation and integrin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirdosh Dadwal
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlie Mix
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Witte
- Coordination Center of Clinical Trials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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33
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Rachubik P, Szrejder M, Audzeyenka I, Rogacka D, Rychłowski M, Angielski S, Piwkowska A. The PKGIα/VASP pathway is involved in insulin- and high glucose-dependent regulation of albumin permeability in cultured rat podocytes. J Biochem 2021; 168:575-588. [PMID: 32484874 PMCID: PMC7763511 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes, the principal component of the glomerular filtration barrier, regulate glomerular permeability to albumin via their contractile properties. Both insulin- and high glucose (HG)-dependent activation of protein kinase G type Iα (PKGIα) cause reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and podocyte disruption. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a substrate for PKGIα and involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. We investigated the role of the PKGIα/VASP pathway in the regulation of podocyte permeability to albumin. We evaluated changes in high insulin- and/or HG-induced transepithelial albumin flux in cultured rat podocyte monolayers. Expression of PKGIα and downstream proteins was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence. We demonstrate that insulin and HG induce changes in the podocyte contractile apparatus via PKGIα-dependent regulation of the VASP phosphorylation state, increase VASP colocalization with PKGIα, and alter the subcellular localization of these proteins in podocytes. Moreover, VASP was implicated in the insulin- and HG-dependent dynamic remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton and, consequently, increased podocyte permeability to albumin under hyperinsulinaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions. These results indicate that insulin- and HG-dependent regulation of albumin permeability is mediated by the PKGIα/VASP pathway in cultured rat podocytes. This molecular mechanism may explain podocytopathy and albuminuria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Szrejder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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34
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Aortic disease in Marfan syndrome is caused by overactivation of sGC-PRKG signaling by NO. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2628. [PMID: 33976159 PMCID: PMC8113458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm, as occurs in Marfan syndrome, is generally asymptomatic until dissection or rupture, requiring surgical intervention as the only available treatment. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) signaling dysregulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Marfan Syndrome smooth muscle cells and that NO-donors induce Marfan-like aortopathy in wild-type mice, indicating that a marked increase in NO suffices to induce aortopathy. Levels of nitrated proteins are higher in plasma from Marfan patients and mice and in aortic tissue from Marfan mice than in control samples, indicating elevated circulating and tissue NO. Soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase are both activated in Marfan patients and mice and in wild-type mice treated with NO-donors, as shown by increased plasma cGMP and pVASP-S239 staining in aortic tissue. Marfan aortopathy in mice is reverted by pharmacological inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase and lentiviral-mediated Prkg1 silencing. These findings identify potential biomarkers for monitoring Marfan Syndrome in patients and urge evaluation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase and soluble guanylate cyclase as therapeutic targets. Aortic aneurysm and dissection, the major problem linked to Marfan syndrome (MFS), lacks effective pharmacological treatment. Here, the authors show that the NO pathway is overactivated in MFS and that inhibition of guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent protein kinase reverts MFS aortopathy in mice.
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35
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Rajakylä EK, Lehtimäki JI, Acheva A, Schaible N, Lappalainen P, Krishnan R, Tojkander S. Assembly of Peripheral Actomyosin Bundles in Epithelial Cells Is Dependent on the CaMKK2/AMPK Pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4266-4280.e4. [PMID: 32209483 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the maintenance of intercellular junctions are associated with loss of epithelial barrier function and consequent pathological conditions, including invasive cancers. Epithelial integrity is dependent on actomyosin bundles at adherens junctions, but the origin of these junctional bundles is incompletely understood. Here we show that peripheral actomyosin bundles can be generated from a specific actin stress fiber subtype, transverse arcs, through their lateral fusion at cell-cell contacts. Importantly, we find that assembly and maintenance of peripheral actomyosin bundles are dependent on the mechanosensitive CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway and that inhibition of this route leads to disruption of tension-maintaining actomyosin bundles and re-growth of stress fiber precursors. This results in redistribution of cellular forces, defects in monolayer integrity, and loss of epithelial identity. These data provide evidence that the mechanosensitive CaMKK2/AMPK pathway is critical for the maintenance of peripheral actomyosin bundles and thus dictates cell-cell junctions through cellular force distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Acheva
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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36
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Morone PJ, Yan W, Adcock J, Komalavilas P, Mocco J, Thompson RC, Brophy C, Cheung-Flynn J. Vasorelaxing cell permeant phosphopeptide mimetics for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174038. [PMID: 33737008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to vasospasm resulting in delayed cerebral ischemia. Therapeutic options are currently limited to hemodynamic optimization and nimodipine, which have marginal clinical efficacy. Nitric oxide (NO) modulates cerebral blood flow through activation of the cGMP-Protein Kinase G (PKG) pathway. Our hypothesis is that SAH results in downregulation of signaling components in the NO-PKG pathway which could explain why treatments for vasospasm targeting this pathway lack efficacy and that treatment with a cell permeant phosphopeptide mimetic of downstream effector prevents delayed vasospasm after SAH. Using a rat endovascular perforation model, reduced levels of NO-PKG pathway molecules were confirmed. Additionally, it was determined that expression and phosphorylation of a PKG substrate: Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) was downregulated. A family of cell permeant phosphomimetic of VASP (VP) was wasdesigned and shown to have vasorelaxing property that is synergistic with nimodipine in intact vascular tissuesex vivo. Hence, treatment targeting the downstream effector of the NO signaling pathway, VASP, may bypass receptors and signaling elements leading to vasorelaxation and that treatment with VP can be explored as a therapeutic strategy for SAH induced vasospasm and ameliorate neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Morone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jamie Adcock
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Padmini Komalavilas
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Cerebrovascular Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen Brophy
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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37
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Valisno JAC, May J, Singh K, Helm EY, Venegas L, Budbazar E, Goodman JB, Nicholson CJ, Avram D, Cohen RA, Mitchell GF, Morgan KG, Seta F. BCL11B Regulates Arterial Stiffness and Related Target Organ Damage. Circ Res 2021; 128:755-768. [PMID: 33530702 PMCID: PMC7969164 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. BCL11B (B-cell leukemia 11b) is a transcription factor known as an essential regulator of T lymphocytes and neuronal development during embryogenesis. A genome-wide association study showed that a gene desert region downstream of BCL11B, known to function as a BCL11B enhancer, harbors single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, a role for BCL11B in the adult cardiovascular system is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Arni C Valisno
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Joel May
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (E.Y.H., D.A.)
| | - Lisia Venegas
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Enkhjargal Budbazar
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Jena B Goodman
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | - Christopher J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (E.Y.H., D.A.).,Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL (D.A.)
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
| | | | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, MA (K.S., C.J.N., K.G.M.)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (J.A.C.V., J.M., L.V., E.B., J.B.G., R.A.C., F.S.)
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38
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Zink J, Frye M, Frömel T, Carlantoni C, John D, Schreier D, Weigert A, Laban H, Salinas G, Stingl H, Günther L, Popp R, Hu J, Vanhollebeke B, Schmidt H, Acker-Palmer A, Renné T, Fleming I, Benz PM. EVL regulates VEGF receptor-2 internalization and signaling in developmental angiogenesis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e48961. [PMID: 33512764 PMCID: PMC7857432 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial tip cells are essential for VEGF‐induced angiogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. The Ena/VASP protein family, consisting of EVL, VASP, and Mena, plays a pivotal role in axon guidance. Given that axonal growth cones and endothelial tip cells share many common features, from the morphological to the molecular level, we investigated the role of Ena/VASP proteins in angiogenesis. EVL and VASP, but not Mena, are expressed in endothelial cells of the postnatal mouse retina. Global deletion of EVL (but not VASP) compromises the radial sprouting of the vascular plexus in mice. Similarly, endothelial‐specific EVL deletion compromises the radial sprouting of the vascular plexus and reduces the endothelial tip cell density and filopodia formation. Gene sets involved in blood vessel development and angiogenesis are down‐regulated in EVL‐deficient P5‐retinal endothelial cells. Consistently, EVL deletion impairs VEGF‐induced endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting, and reduces the internalization and phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and its downstream signaling via the MAPK/ERK pathway. Together, we show that endothelial EVL regulates sprouting angiogenesis via VEGF receptor‐2 internalization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Zink
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Carlantoni
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David John
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Insitute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Danny Schreier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Stingl
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Günther
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, ULB Neuroscience Institute Department of Molecular Biology, University of Brussels, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter M Benz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Depau L, Brunetti J, Falciani C, Mandarini E, Riolo G, Zanchi M, Karousou E, Passi A, Pini A, Bracci L. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Can Promote Opposite Effects on Adhesion and Directional Migration of Different Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15997-16011. [PMID: 33284606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans take part in crucial events of cancer progression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and cell invasion. Through sulfated groups on their glycosaminoglycan chains, heparan sulfate proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The amount and position of sulfated groups are highly variable, thus allowing differentiated ligand binding and activity of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This variability and the lack of specific ligands have delayed comprehension of the molecular basis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan functions. Exploiting a tumor-targeting peptide tool that specifically recognizes sulfated glycosaminoglycans, we analyzed the role of membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the adhesion and migration of cancer cell lines. Starting from the observation that the sulfated glycosaminoglycan-specific peptide exerts a different effect on adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of different cancer cell lines, we identified and characterized three cell migration phenotypes, where different syndecans are associated with alternative signaling for directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Depau
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Riolo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Zanchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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40
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Ali M, Zuzga DS, Pitari GM. Differential Ser phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein regulates colon tumor formation and growth. Life Sci 2020; 264:118671. [PMID: 33129878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) controls actin dynamics associated with the malignant phenotype of colorectal tumors. Oncogenic VASP function, in turn, is finely regulated by cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of serine (Ser) residues 157 and 239, whose differential expression determines cell survival behavior in colon cancer. However, the role of differential VASP Ser phosphorylation in colorectal carcinogenesis remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Specific VASP phosphomutant constructs were employed to selectively silence Ser157 or Ser239 phosphorylation in human colon carcinoma cells. Cyclic nucleotide-dependent manipulation of VASP Ser phosphorylation was performed with 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) or 8-chlorophenylthio 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8-CPT-cGMP). Tumorigenic and locomotory phenotypes were examined in vitro with clonogenic and wound healing assays, respectively. Finally, tumor formation and growth were investigated in vivo employing two distinct xenograft models of colorectal cancer. KEY FINDINGS Disruption of VASP Ser157 phosphorylation weakened the clonogenic and migratory abilities of human colon cancer cells, effects mimicked by 8-CPT-cGMP-dependent regulation of VASP Ser239. In contrast, inhibition of VASP Ser239 phosphorylation enhanced cell clonogenicity and migration and was phenocopied by 8-Br-cAMP-dependent regulation of VASP Ser157. Importantly, cancer cells bearing the phosphomutant construct targeting VASP Ser157 decreased, while those with the phosphomutation at Ser239 improved their abilities to establish productive tumor colonies and grow in the peritoneal cavity or subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. SIGNIFICANCE Together, present observations suggest differential VASP Ser phosphorylation is a relevant, targetable molecular event underlying tumor formation and progression in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical College, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.
| | - David S Zuzga
- Department of Biology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BioDetego LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giovanni M Pitari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; BioDetego LLC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Extracellular ATP modulates podocyte function through P2Y purinergic receptors and pleiotropic effects on AMPK and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108649. [PMID: 33122160 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes interlinked by slit diaphragms, constitute a continuous outermost layer of the glomerular capillary and seem to be crucial for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Purinergic signaling is involved in a wide range of physiological processes in the renal system, including regulating glomerular filtration. We evaluated the role of nucleotide receptors in cultured rat podocytes using non-selective P2 receptor agonists and agonists specific for the P2Y1, P2Y2, and P2Y4 receptors. The results showed that extracellular ATP evokes cAMP-dependent pathways through P2 receptors and influences remodeling of the podocyte cytoskeleton and podocyte permeability to albumin via coupling with RhoA signaling. Our findings highlight the relevance of the P2Y4 receptor in protein kinase A-mediated signal transduction to the actin cytoskeleton. We observed increased cAMP concentration and decreased RhoA activity after treatment with a P2Y4 agonist. Moreover, protein kinase A inhibitors reversed P2Y4-induced changes in RhoA activity and intracellular F-actin staining. P2Y4 stimulation resulted in enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and reduced reactive oxygen species generation. Our findings identify P2Y-PKA-RhoA signaling as the regulatory mechanism of the podocyte contractile apparatus and glomerular filtration. We describe a protection mechanism for the glomerular barrier linked to reduced oxidative stress and reestablished energy balance.
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Donhauser N, Socher E, Millen S, Heym S, Sticht H, Thoma-Kress AK. Transfer of HTLV-1 p8 and Gag to target T-cells depends on VASP, a novel interaction partner of p8. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008879. [PMID: 32997728 PMCID: PMC7526893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) orf I-encoded accessory protein p8 is cleaved from its precursor p12, and both proteins contribute to viral persistence. p8 induces cellular protrusions, which are thought to facilitate transfer of p8 to target cells and virus transmission. Host factors interacting with p8 and mediating p8 transfer are unknown. Here, we report that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which promotes actin filament elongation, is a novel interaction partner of p8 and important for p8 and HTLV-1 Gag cell-to-cell transfer. VASP contains an Ena/VASP homology 1 (EVH1) domain that targets the protein to focal adhesions. Bioinformatics identified a short stretch in p8 (amino acids (aa) 24–45) which may mediate interactions with the EVH1 domain of VASP. Co-immunoprecipitations confirmed interactions of VASP:p8 in 293T, Jurkat and HTLV-1-infected MT-2 cells. Co-precipitation of VASP:p8 could be significantly blocked by peptides mimicking aa 26–37 of p8. Mutational studies revealed that the EVH1-domain of VASP is necessary, but not sufficient for the interaction with p8. Further, deletion of the VASP G- and F-actin binding domains significantly diminished co-precipitation of p8. Imaging identified areas of partial co-localization of VASP with p8 at the plasma membrane and in protrusive structures, which was confirmed by proximity ligation assays. Co-culture experiments revealed that p8 is transferred between Jurkat T-cells via VASP-containing conduits. Imaging and flow cytometry revealed that repression of both endogenous and overexpressed VASP by RNA interference or by CRISPR/Cas9 reduced p8 transfer to the cell surface and to target Jurkat T-cells. Stable repression of VASP by RNA interference in chronically infected MT-2 cells impaired both p8 and HTLV-1 Gag transfer to target Jurkat T-cells, while virus release was unaffected. Thus, we identified VASP as a novel interaction partner of p8, which is important for transfer of HTLV-1 p8 and Gag to target T-cells. The delta-retrovirus Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 encodes the accessory protein p8, which is generated by proteolytic cleavage from p12. Earlier work has shown that p8 enhances the formation of cellular conduits between T-cells, is transferred through these conduits to target T-cells and increases HTLV-1 transmission. It was suggested that p8 dampens T-cell responses in target T-cells, thus facilitating HTLV-1 infection. Our work sheds light on the mechanism of p8 transfer to target T-cells. We show that vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), a novel interaction partner of p8, contributes to transfer of p8 to target T-cells. Mechanistically, VASP is crucial for recruitment of p8 to the cell surface. Since VASP is known to promote elongation of actin filaments by preventing them from capping, interactions of p8 with VASP are an elegant strategy to exploit the host cell machinery for being transported to the cell surface, and as a consequence, to other cells. Given that VASP is also important for cell-to-cell transfer of the HTLV-1 Gag protein, our work proposes that VASP is a new cellular target to counteract HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Donhauser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eileen Socher
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Millen
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heym
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Huang F, Ma G, Zhou X, Zhu X, Yu X, Ding F, Cao X, Liu Z. Depletion of LAMP3 enhances PKA-mediated VASP phosphorylation to suppress invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 479:100-111. [PMID: 32200035 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is still a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) has been implicated in the invasiveness and metastasis of multiple cancer types; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that LAMP3 was overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and that this increased expression positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. Depletion of LAMP3 dramatically suppressed the motility of ESCC cells in vitro and experimental pulmonary and lymph node metastasis in vivo. Importantly, knockdown of LAMP3 increased the level of phosphorylated VASP(Ser239), which attenuated the invasive and metastatic capability of ESCC cells. We identified that cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) was responsible for the phosphorylation of VASP at Ser239. Consistently, silencing of PKA regulatory subunits diminished Ser239 phosphorylation on VASP and restored the motility capacity of LAMP3-depleted ESCC cells. In conclusion, we uncovered a previously unknown role of LAMP3 in promoting cellular motility and metastasis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xuantong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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RIAM-VASP Module Relays Integrin Complement Receptors in Outside-In Signaling Driving Particle Engulfment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051166. [PMID: 32397169 PMCID: PMC7291270 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic integrins and complement receptors αMβ2/CR3 and αXβ2/CR4 are classically associated with the phagocytosis of iC3b-opsonized particles. The activation of this receptor is dependent on signals derived from other receptors (inside-out signaling) with the crucial involvement of the Rap1-RIAM-Talin-1 pathway. Here, we analyze the implication of RIAM and its binding partner VASP in the signaling events occurring downstream of β2 integrins (outside-in) during complement-mediated phagocytosis. To this end, we used HL-60 promyelocytic cell lines deficient in RIAM or VASP or overexpressing EGFP-tagged VASP to determine VASP dynamics at phagocytic cups. Our results indicate that RIAM-deficient HL-60 cells presented impaired particle internalization and altered integrin downstream signaling during complement-dependent phagocytosis. Similarly, VASP deficiency completely blocked phagocytosis, while VASP overexpression increased the random movement of phagocytic particles at the cell surface, with reduced internalization. Moreover, the recruitment of VASP to particle contact sites, amount of pSer157-VASP and formation of actin-rich phagocytic cups were dependent on RIAM expression. Our results suggested that RIAM worked as a relay for integrin complement receptors in outside-in signaling, coordinating integrin activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements via its interaction with VASP.
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Neviani V, van Deventer S, Wörner TP, Xenaki KT, van de Waterbeemd M, Rodenburg RNP, Wortel IMN, Kuiper JK, Huisman S, Granneman J, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Heck AJR, van Spriel AB, Gros P. Site-specific functionality and tryptophan mimicry of lipidation in tetraspanin CD9. FEBS J 2020; 287:5323-5344. [PMID: 32181977 PMCID: PMC7818406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation of transmembrane proteins regulates many cellular activities, including signal transduction, cell–cell communication, and membrane trafficking. However, how lipidation at different sites in a membrane protein affects structure and function remains elusive. Here, using native mass spectrometry we determined that wild‐type human tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 exhibit nonstochastic distributions of bound acyl chains. We revealed CD9 lipidation at its three most frequent lipidated sites suffices for EWI‐F binding, while cysteine‐to‐alanine CD9 mutations markedly reduced binding of EWI‐F. EWI‐F binding by CD9 was rescued by mutating all or, albeit to a lesser extent, only the three most frequently lipidated sites into tryptophans. These mutations did not affect the nanoscale distribution of CD9 in cell membranes, as shown by super‐resolution microscopy using a CD9‐specific nanobody. Thus, these data demonstrate site‐specific, possibly conformation‐dependent, functionality of lipidation in tetraspanin CD9 and identify tryptophan mimicry as a possible biochemical approach to study site‐specific transmembrane‐protein lipidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Neviani
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Deventer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias P Wörner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Katerina T Xenaki
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van de Waterbeemd
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Remco N P Rodenburg
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen K Kuiper
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Huisman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Granneman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Zhao S, Shi X, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Cai J, Gao W, Xu J, Zheng Y, Ji B, Cui Y, Shi K, Liu Y, Li H, Jiu Y. Myosin-18B Promotes Mechanosensitive CaMKK2-AMPK-VASP Regulation of Contractile Actin Stress Fibers. iScience 2020; 23:100975. [PMID: 32222698 PMCID: PMC7109629 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin stress fibers guide cell migration and morphogenesis. During centripetal flow, actin transverse arcs fuse accompanied by the formation of myosin II stacks to generate mechanosensitive actomyosin bundles. However, whether myosin II stack formation plays a role in cell mechano-sensing has remained elusive. Myosin-18B is a “glue” molecule for assembling myosin II stacks. By examining actin networks and traction forces, we find that cells abolishing myosin-18B resemble Ca2+∕calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)-defective cells. Inhibition of CaMKK2 activity reverses the strong actin network to thin filaments in myosin-18B-overexpressing cells. Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is able to relieve the thin stress fibers by myosin-18B knockout. Importantly, lack of myosin-18B compromises AMPK-vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and RhoA-myosin signaling, thereby leading to defective persistent migration, which can be rescued only by full-length and C-extension-less myosin-18B. Together, these results reveal a critical role of myosin-18B in the mechanosensitive regulation of migrating cells. Myosin-18B knockout cells resemble cells dampening mechano-sensing signaling pathway Myosin-18B depletion decreases the phosphorylation level of AMPK-VASP and MLC Myosin-18B knockout cells show compromised persistent migration The N-extension and coiled-coil domain of myosin-18B is indispensable in cell migration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuemeng Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeyu Wen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Gao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanqin Cui
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kun Shi
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- The Joint Program in Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623; Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
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Burke RM, Lighthouse JK, Mickelsen DM, Small EM. Sacubitril/Valsartan Decreases Cardiac Fibrosis in Left Ventricle Pressure Overload by Restoring PKG Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 12:e005565. [PMID: 30998392 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is invariably accompanied by development of cardiac fibrosis, a form of scarring that increases muscular tissue rigidity and decreases cardiac contractility. Cardiac fibrosis arises from a pathological attempt to repair tissue damaged during maladaptive remodeling. Treatment options to block or reverse fibrosis have proven elusive. Neprilysin is an endopeptidase that degrades vasoactive peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide. Thus, neprilysin inhibition reduces hypertension, ultimately limiting maladaptive cardiac remodeling. LCZ696, which consists of an angiotensin receptor blocker (valsartan [VAL]) and a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril [SAC]), was shown to be well tolerated and significantly reduced the risk of death and hospitalization in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction. We hypothesized that SAC/VAL directly inhibits fibroblast activation and development of pathological fibrosis. Methods and Results We used a mouse model of left ventricle pressure overload coupled to in vitro studies in primary mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) to study the impact of SAC/VAL on CF activation and cardiac fibrosis. SAC/VAL significantly ameliorated pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis by blocking CF activation and proliferation, leading to functional improvement. Mechanistically, the beneficial impact of SAC/VAL at least partially stemmed from restoration of PKG (protein kinase G) signaling in HF patient-derived CF, which inhibited Rho activation associated with myofibroblast transition. Conclusions This study reveals that SAC/VAL acts directly on CF to prevent maladaptive cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction during pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and suggests that SAC/VAL should be evaluated as a direct antifibrotic therapeutic for conditions such as HF with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Burke
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.M.B., J.K.L., D.M.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Janet K Lighthouse
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.M.B., J.K.L., D.M.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Deanne M Mickelsen
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.M.B., J.K.L., D.M.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY
| | - Eric M Small
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.M.B., J.K.L., D.M.M., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY.,Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry (E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.M.S.), University of Rochester, NY
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The Cell Cycle Checkpoint System MAST(L)-ENSA/ARPP19-PP2A is Targeted by cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG in Anucleate Human Platelets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020472. [PMID: 32085646 PMCID: PMC7072724 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL), which phosphorylates the cAMP-regulated phosphoproteins 19 (ARPP19) at S62 and 19e/α-endosulfine (ENSA) at S67and converts them into protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitors. Based on initial proteomic data, we hypothesized that the MASTL-ENSA/ARPP19-PP2A pathway, unknown until now in platelets, is regulated and functional in these anucleate cells. We detected ENSA, ARPP19 and various PP2A subunits (including seven different PP2A B-subunits) in proteomic studies of human platelets. ENSA-S109/ARPP19–S104 were efficiently phosphorylated in platelets treated with cAMP- (iloprost) and cGMP-elevating (NO donors/riociguat) agents. ENSA-S67/ARPP19-S62 phosphorylations increased following PP2A inhibition by okadaic acid (OA) in intact and lysed platelets indicating the presence of MASTL or a related protein kinase in human platelets. These data were validated with recombinant ENSA/ARPP19 and phospho-mutants using recombinant MASTL, protein kinase A and G. Both ARPP19 phosphorylation sites S62/S104 were dephosphorylated by platelet PP2A, but only S62-phosphorylated ARPP19 acted as PP2A inhibitor. Low-dose OA treatment of platelets caused PP2A inhibition, diminished thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation and increased phosphorylation of distinct sites of VASP, Akt, p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases. In summary, our data establish the entire MASTL(like)–ENSA/ARPP19–PP2A pathway in human platelets and important interactions with the PKA, MAPK and PI3K/Akt systems.
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Walker‐Gray R, Klussmann E. The role of AKAP12 in coordination of VEGF-induced endothelial cell motility. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13359. [PMID: 31400286 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Walker‐Gray
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
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Benz PM, Ding Y, Stingl H, Loot AE, Zink J, Wittig I, Popp R, Fleming I. AKAP12 deficiency impairs VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and sprouting. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13325. [PMID: 31162891 PMCID: PMC6916389 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim Protein kinase (PK) A anchoring protein (AKAP) 12 is a scaffolding protein that anchors PKA to compartmentalize cyclic AMP signalling. This study assessed the consequences of the downregulation or deletion of AKAP12 on endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Methods The consequences of siRNA‐mediated downregulation AKAP12 were studied in primary cultures of human endothelial cells as well as in endothelial cells and retinas from wild‐type versus AKAP12−/− mice. Molecular interactions were investigated using a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Results AKAP12 was expressed at low levels in confluent endothelial cells but its expression was increased in actively migrating cells, where it localized to lamellipodia. In the postnatal retina, AKAP12 was expressed by actively migrating tip cells at the angiogenic front, and its deletion resulted in defective extension of the vascular plexus. In migrating endothelial cells, AKAP12 was co‐localized with the PKA type II‐α regulatory subunit as well as multiple key regulators of actin dynamics and actin filament‐based movement; including components of the Arp2/3 complex and the vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Fitting with the evidence of a physical VASP/AKAP12/PKA complex, it was possible to demonstrate that the VEGF‐stimulated and PKA‐dependent phosphorylation of VASP was dependent on AKAP12. Indeed, AKAP12 colocalized with phospho‐Ser157 VASP at the leading edge of migrating endothelial cells. Conclusion The results suggest that compartmentalized AKAP12/PKA signalling mediates VASP phosphorylation at the leading edge of migrating endothelial cells to translate angiogenic stimuli into altered actin dynamics and cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Yindi Ding
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Heike Stingl
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Annemarieke E. Loot
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rüdiger Popp
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain Frankfurt am Main Germany
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