1
|
Anderson SM, Kelly M, Odde DJ. Glioblastoma Cells Use an Integrin- and CD44-Mediated Motor-Clutch Mode of Migration in Brain Tissue. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:121-135. [PMID: 38737451 PMCID: PMC11082118 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2 year survival rates of 6.7% (Stupp et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 25:4127-4136, 2007; Mohammed et al. in Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 27:1026-1036, 2002). One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue (Lefranc et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:2411-2422, 2005; Hoelzinger et al. in J Natl Cancer Inst 21:1583-1593, 2007). To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Several models of cell migration have been proposed, including the motor-clutch, bleb-based motility, and osmotic engine models. Methods Here we utilized confocal imaging to measure traction dynamics and migration speeds of glioblastoma cells in mouse organotypic brain slices to identify the mode of cell migration. Results We found that nearly all cell-vasculature interactions reflected pulling, rather than pushing, on vasculature at the cell leading edge, a finding consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration, and inconsistent with an osmotic engine model or confined bleb-based migration. Reducing myosin motor activity, a key component in the motor-clutch model, was found to decrease migration speed at high doses for all cell types including U251 and 6 low-passage patient-derived xenograft lines (3 proneural and 3 mesenchymal subtypes). Variable responses were found at low doses, consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration which predicts a biphasic relationship between migration speed and motor-to-clutch ratio. Targeting of molecular clutches including integrins and CD44 slowed migration of U251 cells. Conclusions Overall we find that glioblastoma cell migration is most consistent with a motor-clutch mechanism to migrate through brain tissue ex vivo, and that both integrins and CD44, as well as myosin motors, play an important role in constituting the adhesive clutch. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller SG, Hoh M, Ebmeier CC, Tay JW, Ahn NG. Cooperative polarization of MCAM/CD146 and ERM family proteins in melanoma. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar31. [PMID: 38117590 PMCID: PMC10916866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The WRAMP structure is a protein network associated with tail-end actomyosin contractility, membrane retraction, and directional persistence during cell migration. A marker of WRAMP structures is melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) which dynamically polarizes to the cell rear. However, factors that mediate MCAM polarization are still unknown. In this study, BioID using MCAM as bait identifies the ERM family proteins, moesin, ezrin, and radixin, as WRAMP structure components. We also present a novel image analysis pipeline, Protein Polarity by Percentile ("3P"), which classifies protein polarization using machine learning and facilitates quantitative analysis. Using 3P, we find that depletion of moesin, and to a lesser extent ezrin, decreases the proportion of cells with polarized MCAM. Furthermore, although copolarized MCAM and ERM proteins show high spatial overlap, 3P identifies subpopulations with ERM proteins closer to the cell periphery. Live-cell imaging confirms that MCAM and ERM protein polarization is tightly coordinated, but ERM proteins enrich at the cell edge first. Finally, deletion of a juxtamembrane segment in MCAM previously shown to promote ERM protein interactions impedes MCAM polarization. Our findings highlight the requirement for ERM proteins in recruitment of MCAM to WRAMP structures and an advanced computational tool to characterize protein polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzannah G. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Maria Hoh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | | | - Jian Wei Tay
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| | - Natalie G. Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song X, Cai H, Peng W, Chen K, Abuduxukuer Z, Zeng Y, Zhu G, Lu C, Chen Y, Wang J, Ye L, Jin M. The role of moesin in diagnosing and assessing severity of lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:57. [PMID: 38267973 PMCID: PMC10809517 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease which is easily misdiagnosed. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), as the most common biomarker, however, is not so perfect for the diagnosis and severity assessment of LAM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based method was used to identify a cytoskeleton protein, moesin. 84 patients with LAM, 44 patients with other cystic lung diseases (OCLDs), and 37 healthy control subjects were recruited for collecting blood samples and clinical data. The levels of moesin in serum were evaluated by ELISA. The relationships of moesin with lymphatic involvement, lung function, and treatment decision were explored in patients with LAM. RESULTS The candidate protein moesin was identified by the proteomics-based bioinformatic analysis. The serum levels of moesin were higher in patients with LAM [219.0 (118.7-260.5) pg/mL] than in patients with OCLDs (125.8 ± 59.9 pg/mL, P < 0.0001) and healthy women [49.6 (35.5-78.9) ng/mL, P < 0.0001]. Moesin had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.929 for predicting LAM diagnosis compared to healthy women (sensitivity 81.0%, specificity 94.6%). The combination of moesin and VEGF-D made a better prediction in differentiating LAM from OCLDs than moesin or VEGF-D alone. Moreover, elevated levels of moesin were related to lymphatic involvement in patients with LAM. Moesin was found negatively correlated with FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC, and DLCO%pred (P = 0.0181, r = - 0.3398; P = 0.0067, r = - 0.3863; P = 0.0010, r = - 0.4744). A composite score combining moesin and VEGF-D improved prediction for sirolimus treatment, compared with each biomarker alone. CONCLUSION Higher levels of moesin in serum may indicate impaired lung function and lymphatic involvement in patients with LAM, suggest a more serious condition, and provide clinical guidance for sirolimus treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Song
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Peng
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yingying Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jespersen JH, Harazin A, Bohn AB, Christensen A, Lorentzen E, Lorentzen A. Analysis of cortical cell polarity by imaging flow cytometry. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1685-1694. [PMID: 37721096 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and therapies specifically targeting metastasis are highly needed. Cortical cell polarity (CCP) is a prometastatic property of circulating tumor cells affecting their ability to exit blood vessels and form new metastases that constitute a promising point of attack to prevent metastasis. However, conventional fluorescence microscopy on single cells and manual quantification of CCP are time-consuming and unsuitable for screening regulators. In this study, we developed an imaging flow cytometry-based method for high-throughput screening of factors affecting CCP in melanoma cells. The artificial intelligence-supported analysis method we developed is highly reproducible, accurate, and orders of magnitude faster than manual quantification. Additionally, this method is flexible and can be adapted to include additional cellular parameters. In a small-scale pilot experiment using polarity-, cytoskeleton-, or membrane-affecting drugs, we demonstrate that our workflow provides a straightforward and efficient approach for screening factors affecting CCP in cells in suspension and provide insights into the specific function of these drugs in this cellular system. The method and workflow presented here will facilitate large-scale studies to reveal novel cell-intrinsic as well as systemic factors controlling CCP during metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper H Jespersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andras Harazin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja B Bohn
- Department of Biomedicine, FACS Core Facility, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anni Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Health Bioimaging Core Facility, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Anderson SM, Kelly M, Odde DJ. Glioblastoma cells use an integrin- and CD44-mediated motor-clutch mode of migration in brain tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563458. [PMID: 37961475 PMCID: PMC10634749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2-year survival rates of 6.7% [1], [2]. One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue[3], [4]. To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Here we utilized confocal imaging to measure traction dynamics and migration speeds of glioblastoma cells in mouse organotypic brain slices to identify the mode of cell migration. Through imaging cell-vasculature interactions and utilizing drugs, antibodies, and genetic modifications to target motors and clutches, we find that glioblastoma cell migration is most consistent with a motor-clutch mechanism to migrate through brain tissue ex vivo, and that both integrins and CD44, as well as myosin motors, play an important role in constituting the adhesive clutch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao YQ, Xu CL, Fu HY, Zhu TT, Chu JH. [Clinical significance and pathogenesis analysis of Moesin in multiple myeloma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2023; 44:672-675. [PMID: 37803842 PMCID: PMC10520239 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Gao
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215000, China Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - C L Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongtai Municipal People's Hospital, Dongtai 224200, China
| | - H Y Fu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - T T Zhu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - J H Chu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Soochow University, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou 215000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng D, Wang J, Shi X, Li D, Wei W, Han P. Membrane tension-mediated stiff and soft tumor subtypes closely associated with prognosis for prostate cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:172. [PMID: 37179366 PMCID: PMC10182623 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is usually considered as cold tumor. Malignancy is associated with cell mechanic changes that contribute to extensive cell deformation required for metastatic dissemination. Thus, we established stiff and soft tumor subtypes for PCa patients from perspective of membrane tension. METHODS Nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm was used to identify molecular subtypes. We completed analyses using software R 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. RESULTS We constructed stiff and soft tumor subtypes using eight membrane tension-related genes through lasso regression and nonnegative matrix factorization analyses. We found that patients in stiff subtype were more prone to biochemical recurrence than those in soft subtype (HR 16.18; p < 0.001), which was externally validated in other three cohorts. The top ten mutation genes between stiff and soft subtypes were DNAH, NYNRIN, PTCHD4, WNK1, ARFGEF1, HRAS, ARHGEF2, MYOM1, ITGB6 and CPS1. E2F targets, base excision repair and notch signaling pathway were highly enriched in stiff subtype. Stiff subtype had significantly higher TMB and T cells follicular helper levels than soft subtype, as well as CTLA4, CD276, CD47 and TNFRSF25. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of cell membrane tension, we found that stiff and soft tumor subtypes were closely associated with BCR-free survival for PCa patients, which might be important for the future research in the field of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang #37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahandoust S, Li K, Sun X, Li BY, Yokota H, Na S. Intracellular and extracellular moesins differentially regulate Src activity and β-catenin translocation to the nucleus in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:62-69. [PMID: 36470073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that a single protein can have multiple, sometimes paradoxical, roles in cell functions as well as pathological conditions depending on its cellular locations. Here we report that moesins (MSNs) in the intracellular and extracellular domains present opposing roles in pro-tumorigenic signaling in breast cancer cells. Using live cell imaging with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based biosensors, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular location-dependent effect of MSN on Src and β-catenin signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Inhibition of intracellular MSN decreased the activities of Src and FAK, whereas overexpression of intracellular MSN increased them. By contrast, extracellular MSN decreased the activities of Src, FAK, and RhoA, as well as β-catenin translocation to the nucleus. Consistently, Western blotting and MTT-based analysis showed that overexpression of intracellular MSN elevated the expression of oncogenic genes, such as p-Src, β-catenin, Lrp5, MMP9, Runx2, and Snail, as well as cell viability, whereas extracellular MSN suppressed them. Conditioned medium derived from MSN-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells or osteocytes showed the anti-tumor effects by inhibiting the Src activity and β-catenin translocation to the nucleus as well as the activities of FAK and RhoA and MTT-based cell viability. Conditioned medium derived from MSN-inhibited cells increased the Src activity, but it did not affect the activities of FAK and RhoA. Silencing CD44 and/or FN1 in MDA-MB-231 cells blocked the suppression of Src activity and β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus by extracellular MSN. Collectively, the results suggest that cellular location-specific MSN is a strong regulator of Src and β-catenin signaling in breast cancer cells, and that extracellular MSN exerts tumor-suppressive effects via its interaction with CD44 and FN1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ahandoust
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan O, Ugale A, de Marchi T, Anthonydhason V, Konturek-Ciesla A, Wan H, Eldeeb M, Drabe C, Jassinskaja M, Hansson J, Hidalgo I, Velasco-Hernandez T, Cammenga J, Magee JA, Niméus E, Bryder D. A somatic mutation in moesin drives progression into acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9987. [PMID: 35442741 PMCID: PMC9020775 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises when leukemia-initiating cells, defined by a primary genetic lesion, acquire subsequent molecular changes whose cumulative effects bypass tumor suppression. The changes that underlie AML pathogenesis not only provide insights into the biology of transformation but also reveal novel therapeutic opportunities. However, backtracking these events in transformed human AML samples is challenging, if at all possible. Here, we approached this question using a murine in vivo model with an MLL-ENL fusion protein as a primary molecular event. Upon clonal transformation, we identified and extensively verified a recurrent codon-changing mutation (Arg295Cys) in the ERM protein moesin that markedly accelerated leukemogenesis. Human cancer-associated moesin mutations at the conserved arginine-295 residue similarly enhanced MLL-ENL-driven leukemogenesis. Mechanistically, the mutation interrupted the stability of moesin and conferred a neomorphic activity to the protein, which converged on enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. Thereby, our studies demonstrate a critical role of ERM proteins in AML, with implications also for human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Yuan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Amol Ugale
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso de Marchi
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 1F, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Konturek-Ciesla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Haixia Wan
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Eldeeb
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Drabe
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jörg Cammenga
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Magee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma Niméus
- Division of Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Solvegatan 19, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Entrégatan 7, 222 42 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Bryder
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medical, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gutiérrez-Seijo A, García-Martínez E, Barrio-Alonso C, Parra-Blanco V, Avilés-Izquierdo JA, Sánchez-Mateos P, Samaniego R. Activin A Sustains the Metastatic Phenotype of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Is a Prognostic Marker in Human Cutaneous Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:653-661.e2. [PMID: 34499901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells attract and dynamically interact with monocytes/macrophages to subvert their differentiation into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which mainly promote immune suppression and neoplastic progression, but the pathways and microenvironmental cues governing their protumoral deviation are not completely understood. To identify the molecular pathways responsible for TAM differentiation, we screened the biomarkers secreted during melanoma‒macrophage interactions using Quantibody microarrays and RNA sequencing of macrophages. We found that activin A, a member of the transforming GF family, plays an instrumental role in the cross-talk between melanoma cells and monocytes/macrophages, which results in the upregulation of distinct tumor-sustaining genes and the achievement of proinvasive and immunosuppressive functions of TAMs. Blockade of activin reduces the upregulation of part of these genes and prevents the acquisition of protumoral functions, facilitating human melanoma rejection by transferred human lymphocytes in a xenograft mouse model. Remarkably, screening of two independent cutaneous primary melanoma collections showed that activin A is enriched in TAMs and melanoma cells from patients with worse outcomes and constitutes a new and independent prognostic marker. Thus, we identify activin A as a key intermediary in the protumoral and immunosuppressive functions of TAMs, with significant potential as a disease biomarker as well as an immunotherapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gutiérrez-Seijo
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Barrio-Alonso
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Parra-Blanco
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo S, Wang H, Bai L, Chen Y, Chen S, Gao K, Wang H, Wu S, Song H, Ma K, Liu M, Yao F, Fang Y, Xiao Q. Activation of TMEM16A Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels by ROCK1/moesin promotes breast cancer metastasis. J Adv Res 2021; 33:253-264. [PMID: 34603794 PMCID: PMC8463928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) is a Ca2+-activated chloride channel that plays a role in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. However, whether TMEM16A contributes to breast cancer metastasis remains unknown. Objective In this study, we investigated whether TMEM16A channel activation by ROCK1/moesin promotes breast cancer metastasis. Methods Wound healing assays and transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to study the migration and invasion of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the protein expression, and whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to record TMEM16A Cl− currents. A mouse model of breast cancer lung metastasis was generated by injecting MCF-7 cells via the tail vein. Metastatic nodules in the lung were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lymph node metastasis, overall survival, and metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients were assessed using immunohistochemistry and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Results TMEM16A activation promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as breast cancer metastasis in mice. Patients with breast cancer who had higher TMEM16A levels showed greater lymph node metastasis and shorter survival. Mechanistically, TMEM16A promoted migration and invasion by activating EGFR/STAT3/ROCK1 signaling, and the role of the TMEM16A channel activity was important in this respect. ROCK1 activation by RhoA enhanced the TMEM16A channel activity via the phosphorylation of moesin at T558. The cooperative action of TMEM16A and ROCK1 was supported through clinical findings indicating that breast cancer patients with high levels of TMEM16A/ROCK1 expression showed greater lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Conclusion Our findings revealed a novel mechanism underlying TMEM16A-mediated breast cancer metastasis, in which ROCK1 increased TMEM16A channel activity via moesin phosphorylation and the increase in TMEM16A channel activities promoted cell migration and invasion. TMEM16A inhibition may be a novel strategy for treating breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Key Words
- Cl− channel
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IHC, immunohistochemical
- MFS, metastasis-free survival
- Metastasis
- Moesin
- OS, overall survival
- PR, progesterone receptor
- ROCK1
- ROCK1, Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1
- STAT3, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TMEM16A
- shRNAs, small hairpin RNAs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Luo
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lichuan Bai
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Kuan Gao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hanbin Song
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CCL20/TNF/VEGFA Cytokine Secretory Phenotype of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is a Negative Prognostic Factor in Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163943. [PMID: 34439098 PMCID: PMC8392234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous melanoma is characterized by its heterogeneous metastatic behavior and robust biomarkers are still needed to identify those patients with increased risk for distant metastasis, to guide new adjuvant treatments. We aimed to assess the prognostic role of different features of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy and single-cell analysis. Rather than the number, size, or location of TAM, quantitative assessment of CCL20, TNF, and VEGFA cytokine content was associated with strong prognostic significance in primary melanoma. This novel TAM cytokine signature serves as a readout of TAM prometastatic activation and provides independent information to traditional TNM melanoma staging. In addition, we show that this particular cytokine profile is coregulated by p53 and NF-κB, suggesting that therapies targeting both pathways may modulate the prometastatic deviation of TAMs in melanoma. Abstract TAMs constitute a large fraction of infiltrating immune cells in melanoma tissues, but their significance for clinical outcomes remains unclear. We explored diverse TAM parameters in clinically relevant primary cutaneous melanoma samples, including density, location, size, and polarization marker expression; in addition, because cytokine production is a hallmark of macrophages function, we measured CCL20, TNF, and VEGFA intracellular cytokines by single-cell multiparametric confocal microscopy. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze correlation with melanoma-specific disease-free survival and overall survival. No significant correlations with clinical parameters were observed for TAM density, morphology, or location. Significantly, higher contents of the intracellular cytokines CCL20, TNF, and VEGFA were quantified in TAMs infiltrating metastasizing compared to non-metastasizing skin primary melanomas (p < 0.001). To mechanistically explore cytokine up-regulation, we performed in vitro studies with melanoma-conditioned macrophages, using RNA-seq to explore involved pathways and specific inhibitors. We show that p53 and NF-κB coregulate CCL20, TNF, and VEGFA in melanoma-conditioned macrophages. These results delineate a clinically relevant pro-oncogenic cytokine profile of TAMs with prognostic significance in primary melanomas and point to the combined therapeutic targeting of NF-kB/p53 pathways to control the deviation of TAMs in melanoma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Peng JL, Wu JZ, Li GJ, Wu JL, Xi YM, Li XQ, Wang L. Identification of potential biomarkers of peripheral blood mononuclear cell in hepatocellular carcinoma using bioinformatic analysis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24172. [PMID: 33466191 PMCID: PMC7808450 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the cause of an overwhelming number of cancer-related deaths across the world. Developing precise and noninvasive biomarkers is critical for diagnosing HCC. Our research was designed to explore potentially useful biomarkers of host peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in HCC by integrating comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. METHODS Gene expression data of PBMC in both healthy individuals and patients with HCC were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were applied to annotate the function of DEGs. Protein-protein interaction analysis was performed to screen the hub genes from DEGs. cBioportal database analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of hub genes. The Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database analyses were performed to confirm the expression levels of the hub genes in HCC cells and tissue. RESULTS A total of 95 DEGs were screened. Results of the GO analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily involved in platelet degranulation, cytoplasm, and protein binding. Results of the KEGG analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily enriched in focal adhesion. Five genes, namely, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), phospholipase D1 (PLD1), cortactin (CTTN), and moesin (MSN), were identified as hub genes. A search in the CCLE and HPA database showed that the expression levels of these hub genes were remarkably increased in the HCC samples. Survival analysis revealed that the overexpression of MYLK, IL1B, and PLD1 may have a significant effect on HCC survival. The aberrant high expression levels of MYLK, IL1B, and PLD1 strongly indicated worse prognosis in patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS The identified hub genes may be closely linked with HCC tumorigenicity and may act as potentially useful biomarkers for the prognostic prediction of HCC in PBMC samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-lin Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Ji-zhou Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Guo-jian Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Jian-lin Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Yu-mei Xi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Xiao-qing Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential process from embryogenesis to cell death. This is tightly regulated by numerous proteins that help in proper functioning of the cell. In diseases like cancer, this process is deregulated and helps in the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary site to secondary sites initiating the process of metastasis. For metastasis to be efficient, cytoskeletal components like actin, myosin, and intermediate filaments and their associated proteins should co-ordinate in an orderly fashion leading to the formation of many cellular protrusions-like lamellipodia and filopodia and invadopodia. Knowledge of this process is the key to control metastasis of cancer cells that leads to death in 90% of the patients. The focus of this review is giving an overall understanding of these process, concentrating on the changes in protein association and regulation and how the tumor cells use it to their advantage. Since the expression of cytoskeletal proteins can be directly related to the degree of malignancy, knowledge about these proteins will provide powerful tools to improve both cancer prognosis and treatment. Abstract Successful metastasis depends on cell invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, and angiogenesis. The process of cell invasion and migration relies on the dynamic changes taking place in the cytoskeletal components; actin, tubulin and intermediate filaments. This is possible due to the plasticity of the cytoskeleton and coordinated action of all the three, is crucial for the process of metastasis from the primary site. Changes in cellular architecture by internal clues will affect the cell functions leading to the formation of different protrusions like lamellipodia, filopodia, and invadopodia that help in cell migration eventually leading to metastasis, which is life threatening than the formation of neoplasms. Understanding the signaling mechanisms involved, will give a better insight of the changes during metastasis, which will eventually help targeting proteins for treatment resulting in reduced mortality and longer survival.
Collapse
|
15
|
Song X, Cai H, Yang C, Xue X, Wang J, Mo Y, Zhu M, Zhu G, Ye L, Jin M. Possible Novel Therapeutic Targets in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:554134. [PMID: 33072782 PMCID: PMC7542236 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.554134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare systemic neoplastic disease that exclusively happens in women. Studies focusing on LAM and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have made great progress in understanding the pathogenesis and searching for treatment. The inactive mutation of TSC1 or TSC2 is found in patients with LAM to activate the crucial mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and result in enhanced cell proliferation and migration. However, it does not explain every step of tumorigenesis in LAM. Because cessation of rapamycin would break the stabilization of lung function or improved quality of life and lead to disease recurrent, continued studies on the pathogenesis of LAM are necessary to identify novel targets and new treatment. Researchers have found several aberrant regulations that affect the mTOR pathway such as its upstream or downstream molecules and compensatory pathways in LAM. Some therapeutic targets have been under study in clinical trials. New methods like genome-wide association studies have located a novel gene related to LAM. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding pathogenesis and treatment of LAM and summarize novel targets of therapeutic potential recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Mo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchan Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moesin facilitates metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by improving invadopodia formation and activating β-catenin/MMP9 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:861-868. [PMID: 32057364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Moesin has been proved to be implicated in invasiveness and metastasis in many other cancers, but unclear in HCC. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of moesin and its biological functions in HCC. The results showed that moesin was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and was an independent prognostic factor for predicting the recurrence of HCC patients, postoperatively. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that moesin promoted the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. And the mechanism studies indicated that moesin overexpression increased the formation of invadopodia and improved the activation of β-catenin/MMP9 axis. Taken together, our findings revealed that moesin acted as an important onco-protein participating in the metastasis of HCC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fröse J, Chen MB, Hebron KE, Reinhardt F, Hajal C, Zijlstra A, Kamm RD, Weinberg RA. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induces Podocalyxin to Promote Extravasation via Ezrin Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 24:962-972. [PMID: 30044991 PMCID: PMC6181240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) endows carcinoma cells with traits needed to complete many of the steps leading to metastasis formation, but its contributions specifically to the late step of extravasation remain understudied. We find that breast cancer cells that have undergone an EMT extravasate more efficiently from blood vessels both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of gene expression changes associated with the EMT program led to the identification of an EMT-induced cell-surface protein, podocalyxin (PODXL), as a key mediator of extravasation in mesenchymal breast and pancreatic carcinoma cells. PODXL promotes extravasation through direct interaction of its intracellular domain with the cytoskeletal linker protein ezrin. Ezrin proceeds to establish dorsal cortical polarity, enabling the transition of cancer cells from a non-polarized, rounded cell morphology to an invasive extravasation-competent shape. Hence, the EMT program can directly enhance the efficiency of extravasation and subsequent metastasis formation through a PODXL-ezrin signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fröse
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katie E Hebron
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ferenc Reinhardt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ludwig/MIT Center for Molecular Oncology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shabardina V, Kashima Y, Suzuki Y, Makalowski W. Emergence and Evolution of ERM Proteins and Merlin in Metazoans. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3710-3724. [PMID: 31851361 PMCID: PMC6978628 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin, moesin, and merlin are cytoskeletal proteins, whose functions are specific to metazoans. They participate in cell cortex rearrangement, including cell-cell contact formation, and play an important role in cancer progression. Here, we have performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the proteins spanning 87 species. The results describe a possible mechanism for the protein family origin in the root of Metazoa, paralogs diversification in vertebrates, and acquisition of novel functions, including tumor suppression. In addition, a merlin paralog, present in most vertebrates but lost in mammals, has been described here for the first time. We have also highlighted a set of amino acid variations within the conserved motifs as the candidates for determining physiological differences between ERM paralogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukie Kashima
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raymundo BR, Oh I, Kim M, Kim C. Transgelin Depletion is Critical for the TGFβ1‐mediated Initiation of PLCγ1‐Cofilin‐driven Morphological and Migratory Changes in MDA‐MB‐231 Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo R. Raymundo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - In‐Rok Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - MiJung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| | - Chan‐Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea University Seoul 136‐701 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heikenwalder M, Lorentzen A. The role of polarisation of circulating tumour cells in cancer metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3765-3781. [PMID: 31218452 PMCID: PMC6744547 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumour to a distant site of the body. Metastasising tumour cells have to survive and readjust to different environments, such as heterogeneous solid tissues and liquid phase in lymph- or blood circulation, which they achieve through a high degree of plasticity that renders them adaptable to varying conditions. One defining characteristic of the metastatic process is the transition of tumour cells between different polarised phenotypes, ranging from differentiated epithelial polarity to migratory front-rear polarity. Here, we review the polarisation types adopted by tumour cells during the metastatic process and describe the recently discovered single-cell polarity in liquid phase observed in circulating tumour cells. We propose that single-cell polarity constitutes a mode of polarisation of the cell cortex that is uncoupled from the intracellular polarisation machinery, which distinguishes single-cell polarity from other types of polarity identified so far. We discuss how single-cell polarity can contribute to tumour metastasis and the therapeutic potential of this new discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Heikenwalder
- Divison of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benhra N, Barrio L, Muzzopappa M, Milán M. Chromosomal Instability Induces Cellular Invasion in Epithelial Tissues. Dev Cell 2018; 47:161-174.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
22
|
Samaniego R, Gutiérrez-González A, Gutiérrez-Seijo A, Sánchez-Gregorio S, García-Giménez J, Mercader E, Márquez-Rodas I, Avilés JA, Relloso M, Sánchez-Mateos P. CCL20 Expression by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predicts Progression of Human Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:267-275. [PMID: 29362221 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine axis CCR6/CCL20 is involved in cancer progression in a variety of tumors. Here, we show that CCR6 is expressed by melanoma cells. The CCR6 ligand, CCL20, induces migration and proliferation in vitro, and enhances tumor growth and metastasis in vivo Confocal analysis of melanoma tissues showed that CCR6 is expressed by tumor cells, whereas CCL20 is preferentially expressed by nontumoral cells in the stroma of certain tumors. Stromal CCL20, but not tumoral CCR6, predicted poor survival in a cohort of 40 primary melanoma patients. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), independently of their M1/M2 polarization profile, were identified as the main source of CCL20 in primary melanomas that developed metastasis. In addition to CCL20, TAMs expressed TNF and VEGF-A protumoral cytokines, suggesting that melanoma progression is supported by macrophages with a differential activation state. Our data highlight the synergistic interaction between melanoma tumor cells and prometastatic macrophages through a CCR6/CCL20 paracrine loop. Stromal levels of CCL20 in primary melanomas may be a clinically useful marker for assessing patient risk, making treatment decisions, and planning or analyzing clinical trials. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 267-75. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Samaniego
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alba Gutiérrez-Seijo
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Gregorio
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Giménez
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Mercader
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Márquez-Rodas
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Avilés
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Relloso
- Grupo de Inmuno-fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Mateos
- Laboratorio de Inmuno-oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Single cell polarity in liquid phase facilitates tumour metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 29491397 PMCID: PMC5830403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic polarisation of tumour cells is essential for metastasis. While the role of polarisation during dedifferentiation and migration is well established, polarisation of metastasising tumour cells during phases of detachment has not been investigated. Here we identify and characterise a type of polarisation maintained by single cells in liquid phase termed single-cell (sc) polarity and investigate its role during metastasis. We demonstrate that sc polarity is an inherent feature of cells from different tumour entities that is observed in circulating tumour cells in patients. Functionally, we propose that the sc pole is directly involved in early attachment, thereby affecting adhesion, transmigration and metastasis. In vivo, the metastatic capacity of cell lines correlates with the extent of sc polarisation. By manipulating sc polarity regulators and by generic depolarisation, we show that sc polarity prior to migration affects transmigration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Polarisation of metastasising cancer cells in circulation has not been investigated before. Here the authors identify single cell polarity as a distinct polarisation state of single cells in liquid phase, and show that perturbing single cell polarity affects attachment, adhesion, transmigration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
24
|
Han Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Chen J, Chang C, Wang X, Yeh S. ERβ-Mediated Alteration of circATP2B1 and miR-204-3p Signaling Promotes Invasion of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2550-2563. [PMID: 29490945 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies have indicated that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) can influence the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we report the mechanistic details of ERβ-mediated progression of ccRCC. ERβ increased ccRCC cell invasion via suppression of circular RNA ATP2B1 (circATP2B1) expression by binding directly to the 5' promoter region of its host gene ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 (ATP2B1). ERβ-suppressed circATP2B1 then led to reduced miR-204-3p, which increased fibronectin 1 (FN1) expression and enhanced ccRCC cell invasion. Targeting ERβ with shRNA suppressed ccRCC metastasis in a murine model of RCC; adding circATP2B1 shRNA partly reversed this effect. Consistent with these experimental results, ccRCC patient survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicated that a patient with higher ERβ and FN1 expression had worse overall survival and a patient with higher miR-204-3p expression had significantly better overall survival. Together, these results suggest that ERβ promotes ccRCC cell invasion by altering the ERβ/circATP2B1/miR-204-3p/FN1 axis and that therapeutic targeting of this newly identified pathway may better prevent ccRCC progression.Significance: These results identify an ERβ/circATP2B1/miR-204-3p/FN1 signaling axis in RCC, suggesting ERβ and circular RNA ATP2B1 as prognostic biomarkers for this disease. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2550-63. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Han
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yin Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lubart Q, Vitet H, Dalonneau F, Le Roy A, Kowalski M, Lourdin M, Ebel C, Weidenhaupt M, Picart C. Role of Phosphorylation in Moesin Interactions with PIP 2-Containing Biomimetic Membranes. Biophys J 2018; 114:98-112. [PMID: 29320700 PMCID: PMC5912500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin, a protein of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family, which links the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton, is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including viral budding and infection. Its interaction with the plasma membrane occurs via a key phosphoinositide, the phosphatidyl(4,5)inositol-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphorylation of residue T558, which has been shown to contribute, in cellulo, to a conformationally open protein. We study the impact of a double phosphomimetic mutation of moesin (T235D, T558D), which mimics the phosphorylation state of the protein, on protein/PIP2/microtubule interactions. Analytical ultracentrifugation in the micromolar range showed moesin in the monomer and dimer forms, with wild-type (WT) moesin containing a slightly larger fraction (∼30%) of dimers than DD moesin (10-20%). Only DD moesin was responsive to PIP2 in its micellar form. Quantitative cosedimentation assays using large unilamellar vesicles and quartz crystal microbalance on supported lipid bilayers containing PIP2 reveal a specific cooperative interaction for DD moesin with an ability to bind two PIP2 molecules simultaneously, whereas WT moesin was able to bind only one. In addition, DD moesin could subsequently interact with microtubules, whereas WT moesin was unable to do so. Altogether, our results point to an important role of these two phosphorylation sites in the opening of moesin: since DD moesin is intrinsically in a more open conformation than WT moesin, this intermolecular interaction is reinforced by its binding to PIP2. We also highlight important differences between moesin and ezrin, which appear to be finely regulated and to exhibit distinct molecular behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lubart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Vitet
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Kowalski
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Lourdin
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moreno-Fortuny A, Bragg L, Cossu G, Roostalu U. MCAM contributes to the establishment of cell autonomous polarity in myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Biol Open 2017; 6:1592-1601. [PMID: 28923978 PMCID: PMC5703611 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity has a fundamental role in shaping the morphology of cells and growing tissues. Polarity is commonly thought to be established in response to extracellular signals. Here we used a minimal in vitro assay that enabled us to monitor the determination of cell polarity in myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in the absence of external signalling gradients. We demonstrate that the initiation of cell polarity is regulated by melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). We found highly polarized localization of MCAM, Moesin (MSN), Scribble (SCRIB) and Van-Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) at the distal end of elongating myotubes. Knockout of MCAM or elimination of its endocytosis motif does not impair the initiation of myogenesis or myoblast fusion, but prevents myotube elongation. MSN, SCRIB and VANGL2 remain uniformly distributed in MCAM knockout cells. We show that MCAM is also required at early stages of chondrogenic differentiation. In both myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation MCAM knockout leads to transcriptional downregulation of Scrib and enhanced MAP kinase activity. Our data demonstrates the importance of cell autonomous polarity in differentiation. Summary: CD146/MCAM regulates cell autonomous polarization and asymmetric localization of Scribble, Van-Gogh-like 2 and Moesin, which is required in skeletal muscle myotube elongation and chondrocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artal Moreno-Fortuny
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laricia Bragg
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Extracellular Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alam F, Mezhal F, El Hasasna H, Nair VA, Aravind SR, Saber Ayad M, El-Serafi A, Abdel-Rahman WM. The role of p53-microRNA 200-Moesin axis in invasion and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317714634. [PMID: 28933253 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317714634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the expression of microRNAs in relation to p53 status in breast cancer cells and to delineate the role of Moesin in this axis. We used three isogenic breast carcinoma cell lines MCF7 (with wild-type p53), 1001 (MCF7 with mutated p53), and MCF7-E6 (MCF7 in which p53 function was disrupted). MicroRNA expression was analyzed using microarray analysis and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 1001 clone with mutant p53 showed 22 upregulated and 25 downregulated microRNAs. The predicted targets of these 47 microRNAs were >700 human genes belonging to interesting functional groups such as stem cell development and maintenance. The most significantly downregulated microRNAs in the p53-mutant cell line were from the miR-200 family. We focused on miR-200c which targets many transcripts involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition including Moesin. We found that Moesin was expressed in 1001 but not in its p53 wild-type parental MCF7 consistent with the observed mesenchymal features in the 1001, such as vimentin positivity, E-cadherin negativity, and ZEB1 positivity in addition to the morphological changes. After Moesin silencing, the p53-mutant cells 1001 reverted from mesenchymal-to-epithelial phenotype and showed subtle reduction in migration and invasion and loss of ZEB1 and SNAIL expression. Interestingly, Moesin silencing restored the 1001 sensitivity to Doxorubicin. These results indicate that loss of miR-200c, as a consequence of p53 mutation, can upregulate Moesin oncogene and thus promote carcinogenesis. Moesin may play a role in metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Alam
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Mezhal
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain El Hasasna
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Aravind
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber Ayad
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,3 College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,4 Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Serafi
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,3 College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,5 Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shin JY, Kim HN, Bhang SH, Yoon JK, Suh KY, Jeon NL, Kim BS. Topography-Guided Control of Local Migratory Behaviors and Protein Expression of Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28509381 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo cancer cell migration and invasion are directed by biophysical guidance mechanisms such as pre-existing microtracks and basement membrane extracellular matrices. Here, this paper reports the correlation of the local migratory behavior of cancer cells and the biochemical signal expression using the topography that can guide or inhibit cell behaviors. To this end, the local apparent migration and the protein expression level are investigated with respect to the topographical feature size (flat, nanoline, and microline) and orientation (microline, microconcentric, and microradial) with the collectively migrating (A431) and individually migrating (MDA-MB-231 and U-87-MG) cancer cells. The results show that the migration and the protein expression of focal adhesion kinase, rho-associated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase are localized in the periphery of cell colony. Furthermore, the inhibition of migratory behavior at the periphery recues the protein expression, while the guidance of migration enhances the aforementioned protein expression. The results may imply the employ of biophysical inhibitory factors can help to control invasiveness of cancer cells during the progression state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Youn Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems; Brain Science Institute; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute; Institute for Chemical Processes; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cartagena-Rivera AX, Logue JS, Waterman CM, Chadwick RS. Actomyosin Cortical Mechanical Properties in Nonadherent Cells Determined by Atomic Force Microscopy. Biophys J 2017; 110:2528-2539. [PMID: 27276270 PMCID: PMC4906360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of filamentous actin and myosin II molecular motor contractility is known to modify the mechanical properties of the cell cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here we describe a novel method, to our knowledge, for using force spectroscopy approach curves with tipless cantilevers to determine the actomyosin cortical tension, elastic modulus, and intracellular pressure of nonadherent cells. We validated the method by measuring the surface tension of water in oil microdrops deposited on a glass surface. We extracted an average tension of T ∼ 20.25 nN/μm, which agrees with macroscopic experimental methods. We then measured cortical mechanical properties in nonadherent human foreskin fibroblasts and THP-1 human monocytes before and after pharmacological perturbations of actomyosin activity. Our results show that myosin II activity and actin polymerization increase cortex tension and intracellular pressure, whereas branched actin networks decreased them. Interestingly, myosin II activity stiffens the cortex and branched actin networks soften it, but actin polymerization has no effect on cortex stiffness. Our method is capable of detecting changes in cell mechanical properties in response to perturbations of the cytoskeleton, allowing characterization with physically relevant parameters. Altogether, this simple method should be of broad application for deciphering the molecular regulation of cell cortical mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard S Chadwick
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Section on Auditory Mechanics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bartova M, Hlavaty J, Tan Y, Singer C, Pohlodek K, Luha J, Walter I. Expression of ezrin and moesin in primary breast carcinoma and matched lymph node metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017. [PMID: 28624994 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) are important membrane-cytoskeletal crosslinkers and are suggested to play important role in cancer progression and metastasis. Even though ERM proteins were generally considered to be functionally redundant and the most studied was ezrin, recent studies highlight their distinct roles in metastatic process. Little information is available regarding the role of individual ERM proteins and their phosphorylated forms in human breast cancer. Our study is the first to examine expression of ezrin, moesin and their phosphorylated forms in primary breast tumors and matched lymph node metastases (LNMs) and their correlation with clinicopathological variables. A total of 88 primary breast cancer, 91 LNMs, 54 intraductal carcinoma and 26 normal adjacent breast tissue samples from tissue microarrays were studied. Expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, the intensity and number of positive cells was scored. Statistical analysis of protein expression and patients' age, tumor grade and hormonal status was performed. No statistical significant difference was found in ezrin, moesin, p-ezrinTyr353 and pan-p-ezrinThr567/radixinThr564/moesinThr558 expression between primary tumors and LNMs. Even though it was not significant, moesin expression varied between primary tumors, intraductal carcinoma, normal breast adjacent tissue and LNMs. A significant positive correlation between moesin and tumor grade has been proven. Even though primary tumors and matched LNMs did not show different expression patterns, moesin correlated significantly with higher tumor grade. Its positivity in intraductal carcinoma and normal breast tissue adjacent to cancer might indicate its role in tumor intiation/progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bartova
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinovská 6, Bratislava, 826 06, Slovakia.
| | - J Hlavaty
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Y Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - C Singer
- Division of General Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Pohlodek
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinovská 6, Bratislava, 826 06, Slovakia
| | - J Luha
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava, 811 08, Slovakia
| | - I Walter
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ansa-Addo EA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Salem M, Riesenberg B, Sun S, Rockey DC, Karvar S, Howe PH, Liu B, Li Z. Membrane-organizing protein moesin controls Treg differentiation and antitumor immunity via TGF-β signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1321-1337. [PMID: 28287407 DOI: 10.1172/jci89281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that are important for organizing membrane domains and receptor signaling and regulating the migration of effector T cells. Whether moesin plays any role during the generation of TGF-β-induced Tregs (iTregs) is unknown. Here, we have discovered that moesin is translationally regulated by TGF-β and is also required for optimal TGF-β signaling that promotes efficient development of iTregs. Loss of moesin impaired the development and function of both peripherally derived iTregs and in vitro-induced Tregs. Mechanistically, we identified an interaction between moesin and TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) that allows moesin to control the surface abundance and stability of TβRI and TβRII. We also found that moesin is required for iTreg conversion in the tumor microenvironment, and the deletion of moesin from recipient mice supported the rapid expansion of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells against melanoma. Our study establishes moesin as an important regulator of the surface abundance and stability of TβRII and identifies moesin's role in facilitating the efficient generation of iTregs. It also provides an advancement to our understanding about the role of the ERM proteins in regulating signal transduction pathways and suggests that modulation of moesin is a potential therapeutic target for Treg-related immune disorders.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microfilament Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Stability
- Protein Transport
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Tumor Escape
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
|
32
|
Elevated Expression of Moesin in Muscular Dystrophies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:654-664. [PMID: 28082118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the main complication of muscular dystrophies. We identified moesin, a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family, in dystrophic muscles of mice representing Duchenne and congenital muscular dystrophies (DMD and CMD, respectively) and dysferlinopathy, but not in the wild type. High levels of moesin were also observed in muscle biopsy specimens from DMD, Ullrich CMD, and merosin-deficient CMD patients, all of which present high levels of fibrosis. The myofibroblasts, responsible for extracellular matrix protein synthesis, and the macrophages infiltrating the dystrophic muscles were the source of moesin. Moesin-positive cells were embedded within the fibrotic areas between the myofibers adjacent to the collagen type I fibers. Radixin was also synthesized by the myofibroblasts, whereas ezrin colocalized with the myofiber membranes. In animal models and patients' muscles, part of the moesin was in its active phosphorylated form. Inhibition of fibrosis by halofuginone, an antifibrotic agent, resulted in a major decrease in moesin levels in the muscles of DMD and CMD mice. In summary, the results of this study may pave the way for exploiting moesin as a novel target for intervention in MDs, and as part of a battery of biomarkers to evaluate treatment success in preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
33
|
Muriel O, Tomas A, Scott CC, Gruenberg J. Moesin and cortactin control actin-dependent multivesicular endosome biogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3305-3316. [PMID: 27605702 PMCID: PMC5170863 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin and cortactin on early endosomes are necessary for the formation of F-actin networks that mediate multivesicular endosome biogenesis and transport through the degradative pathway toward lysosomes. Presumably, this mechanism helps segregate recycling membranes from the maturing multivesicular endosomes. We used in vivo and in vitro strategies to study the mechanisms of multivesicular endosome biogenesis. We found that, whereas annexinA2 and ARP2/3 mediate F-actin nucleation and branching, respectively, the ERM protein moesin supports the formation of F-actin networks on early endosomes. We also found that moesin plays no role during endocytosis and recycling to the plasma membrane but is absolutely required, much like actin, for early-to-late-endosome transport and multivesicular endosome formation. Both actin network formation in vitro and early-to-late endosome transport in vivo also depend on the F-actin–binding protein cortactin. Our data thus show that moesin and cortactin are necessary for formation of F-actin networks that mediate endosome biogenesis or maturation and transport through the degradative pathway. We propose that the primary function of endosomal F-actin is to control the membrane remodeling that accompanies endosome biogenesis. We also speculate that this mechanism helps segregate tubular and multivesicular membranes along the recycling and degradation pathways, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Muriel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cameron C Scott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wei XH, Lin SS, Liu Y, Zhao RP, Khan GJ, Du HZ, Mao TT, Yu BY, Li RM, Yuan ST, Sun L. DT-13 attenuates human lung cancer metastasis via regulating NMIIA activity under hypoxia condition. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:991-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
35
|
Reticulon-4B/Nogo-B acts as a molecular linker between microtubules and actin cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1985-95. [PMID: 27132996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Abdou AG, Sakr S, Elwahed MMA, Eladly EK. Immunohistochemical assessment of ezrin and moesin in colorectal carcinoma. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:181-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2016.1155683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
In all eukaryotes, the plasma membrane is critically important as it maintains the architectural integrity of the cell. Proper anchorage and interaction between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton is critical for normal cellular processes. The ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) proteins are a class of highly homologous proteins involved in linking the plasma membrane to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. This review takes a succinct look at the biology of the ERM proteins including their structure and function. Current reports on their regulation that leads to activation and deactivation was examined before taking a look at the different interacting partners. Finally, emerging roles of each of the ERM family members in cancer was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Godwin A Ponuwei
- Cell migration laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Berkshire, UK. .,Molecular and Cellular Medicine unit, Department of Biomedical sciences, School of Life Sciences, Hopkins Building, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Alexandrova AY. Plasticity of tumor cell migration: acquisition of new properties or return to the past? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:947-63. [PMID: 25385021 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During tumor development cancer cells pass through several stages when cell morphology and migration abilities change remarkably. These stages are named epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-amoeboid transitions. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell motility are changing during these transitions. As result of transitions the cells acquire new characteristics and modes of motility. Cell migration becomes more independent from the environmental conditions, and thus cell dissemination becomes more aggressive, which leads to formation of distant metastases. In this review we discuss the characteristics of each of the transitions, cell morphology, and the specificity of cellular structures responsible for different modes of cell motility as well as molecular mechanisms regulating each transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Y Alexandrova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Logue JS, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Baird MA, Davidson MW, Chadwick RS, Waterman CM. Erk regulation of actin capping and bundling by Eps8 promotes cortex tension and leader bleb-based migration. eLife 2015; 4:e08314. [PMID: 26163656 PMCID: PMC4522647 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the confines of tissues, cancer cells can use blebs to migrate. Eps8 is an actin bundling and capping protein whose capping activity is inhibited by Erk, a key MAP kinase that is activated by oncogenic signaling. We tested the hypothesis that Eps8 acts as an Erk effector to modulate actin cortex mechanics and thereby mediate bleb-based migration of cancer cells. Cells confined in a non-adhesive environment migrate in the direction of a very large ‘leader bleb.’ Eps8 bundling activity promotes cortex tension and intracellular pressure to drive leader bleb formation. Eps8 capping and bundling activities act antagonistically to organize actin within leader blebs, and Erk mediates this effect. An Erk biosensor reveals concentrated kinase activity within leader blebs. Bleb contents are trapped by the narrow neck that separates the leader bleb from the cell body. Thus, Erk activity promotes actin bundling by Eps8 to enhance cortex tension and drive the bleb-based migration of cancer cells under non-adhesive confinement. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08314.001 Cells within an animal have to be able to move both during development and later stages of life. For example, white blood cells have to move around the body and into tissues to fight off infections. Normally, cell movement is heavily controlled and will only happen when it is necessary to keep an animal healthy. However, cancer cells can bypass these controls and ‘metastasize’, or spread to new sites in the body. Cells can move in several different ways: on the one hand, cells can use ‘mesenchymal’ movement, in which the skeleton-like scaffolding of molecules within a cell rearranges to push the cell forward. On the other hand, cells can employ ‘amoeboid’ movement, in which they squeeze their way forward by building up pressure in the cell. Although these different types of movement are only used by some healthy cells and not others, cancer cells can switch between the two. How they do this is still unclear, but now Logue et al. have studied this question using several microscopy techniques. Logue et al. watched skin cancer (or melanoma) cells migrating between a glass plate and a slab of agar, which mimics the confined spaces that cancer cells have to move through within the body. The images showed that the cancer cells formed so-called ‘leader blebs’, finger-like projections that put cells on the right track. The experiments revealed that a protein called Eps8 was responsible for making the skin cancer cells move in this amoeboid fashion. The ‘blebbing’ caused by Eps8 is turned on by another protein called Erk that is often overactive in melanoma cells. Furthermore, Erk can accumulate near and within the cell blebs and this leads to the increased movement of the skin cancer cells. Studying cell movement in melanoma is particularly important because it is the metastatic tumors that kill patients. Therefore, increasing our basic understanding of how cells migrate could eventually lead to better treatment options that stop cancer cells from spreading. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08314.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Logue
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michelle A Baird
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
| | - Richard S Chadwick
- National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lei X, Guan CW, Song Y, Wang H. The multifaceted role of CD146/MCAM in the promotion of melanoma progression. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:3. [PMID: 25685061 PMCID: PMC4326486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant melanoma is a common primary malignant cutaneous tumour derived from transformed epidermal melanocytes. Patients with melanoma have a high rate of mortality due to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, a major obstacle to a successful treatment. Several reports have suggested that CD146 plays an important role as a signalling molecule in human melanoma. This role includes CD146 as a participant in inflammation, differentiation, adhesion, tumourigenicity, metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis among other processes, which suggests that this molecule promotes the progression of human melanoma as a multifaceted regulator. In this article, we explore the effects and corresponding mechanisms with respect to the role of CD146/MUC18 in the promotion of human melanoma progression. Collectively, the studies indicated that targeting CD146, because it is a suitable marker of poor patient outcome, might be useful in the design of future strategies for the prevention and treatment of human melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000 China
| | - Ce-Wen Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Cell shape is determined by cellular mechanics. Cell deformations in animal cells, such as those required for cell migration, division or epithelial morphogenesis, are largely controlled by changes in mechanical stress and tension at the cell surface. The plasma membrane and the actomyosin cortex control surface mechanics and determine cell surface tension. Tension in the actomyosin cortex primarily arises from myosin-generated stresses and depends strongly on the ultrastructural architecture of the network. Plasma membrane tension is controlled mainly by the surface area of the membrane relative to cell volume and can be modulated by changing membrane composition, shape and the organization of membrane-associated proteins. We review here our current understanding of the control of cortex and membrane tension by molecular processes. We particularly highlight the need for studies that bridge the scales between microscopic events and emergent properties at the cellular level. Finally, we discuss how the mechanical interplay between membrane dynamics and cortex contractility is key to understanding the biomechanical control of cell morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ohara R, Michikami H, Nakamura Y, Sakata A, Sakashita S, Satomi K, Shiba-Ishii A, Kano J, Yoshikawa H, Noguchi M. Moesin overexpression is a unique biomarker of adenomyosis. Pathol Int 2014; 64:115-22. [PMID: 24698421 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyosis is characterized by extension of endometrial glands and stromal cells into the myometrium. Here we proved that 'moesin' is a unique biomarker of adenomyosis. We selected two cases of adenomyosis that had been surgically resected and fixed with formalin. Proteins were extracted from the infiltrating adenomyosis lesions and normal endometrium by tissue microdissection. The extracted proteins were examined using a LC-MS/MS system and the expression profiles of each region were compared. Two hundred and sixty proteins were detected, among which 73 were expressed more in adenomyosis than in normal endometrium. Among these proteins, we focused on overexpression of moesin in adenomyosis. Expression of moesin estimated semiquantitatively using an immunohistochemistry score was higher in adenomyosis than in normal endometrium. In particular, moesin was significanly overexpressed in stromal cells of adenomyosis than in those of normal endometrium. Relative to normal endometrium, moesin was also overexpressed at the RNA level in 9 of 14 cases of adenomyosis and at the protein level in all 14 cases. We also detected activated (phosphorylated) moesin in adenomyosis lesions. The present findings suggest that moesin is characteristically overexpressed and activated in adenomyosis, and that moesin activation may be related to extension of adenomyosis in the myometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena Ohara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Members of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins are involved in multiple aspects of cell migration by acting both as crosslinkers between the membrane, receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, and as regulators of signalling molecules that are implicated in cell adhesion, cell polarity and migration. Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of cell signalling and the cytoskeleton by ERM proteins is crucial during cancer progression. Thus, both their expression levels and subcellular localisation would affect tumour progression. High expression of ERM proteins has been shown in a variety of cancers. Mislocalisation of ERM proteins reduces the ability of cells to form cell-cell contacts and, therefore, promotes an invasive phenotype. Similarly, mislocalisation of ERM proteins impairs the formation of receptor complexes and alters the transmission of signals in response to growth factors, thereby facilitating tumour progression. In this Commentary, we address the structure, function and regulation of ERM proteins under normal physiological conditions as well as in cancer progression, with particular emphasis on cancers of epithelial origin, such as those from breast, lung and prostate. We also discuss any recent developments that have added to the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways these proteins are involved in during cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarama Clucas
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chiang Y, Jang LS, Tsai SL, Chen MK, Wang MH. Impedance Analysis of Single Melanoma Cells in Microfluidic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Bracken CP, Li X, Wright JA, Lawrence DM, Pillman KA, Salmanidis M, Anderson MA, Dredge BK, Gregory PA, Tsykin A, Neilsen C, Thomson DW, Bert AG, Leerberg JM, Yap AS, Jensen KB, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ. Genome-wide identification of miR-200 targets reveals a regulatory network controlling cell invasion. EMBO J 2014; 33:2040-56. [PMID: 25069772 PMCID: PMC4195771 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNAs of the miR-200 family maintain the central characteristics of epithelia and inhibit tumor cell motility and invasiveness. Using the Ago-HITS-CLIP technology for transcriptome-wide identification of direct microRNA targets in living cells, along with extensive validation to verify the reliability of the approach, we have identified hundreds of miR-200a and miR-200b targets, providing insights into general features of miRNA target site selection. Gene ontology analysis revealed a predominant effect of miR-200 targets in widespread coordinate control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Functional characterization of the miR-200 targets indicates that they constitute subnetworks that underlie the ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade, including coordinate effects on Rho-ROCK signaling, invadopodia formation, MMP activity, and focal adhesions. Thus, the miR-200 family maintains the central characteristics of the epithelial phenotype by acting on numerous targets at multiple levels, encompassing both cytoskeletal effectors that control actin filament organization and dynamics, and upstream signals that locally regulate the cytoskeleton to maintain cell morphology and prevent cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P Bracken
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Josephine A Wright
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David M Lawrence
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine A Pillman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marika Salmanidis
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew A Anderson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - B Kate Dredge
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Tsykin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Corine Neilsen
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniel W Thomson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanne M Leerberg
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kirk B Jensen
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Beaty BT, Wang Y, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Sharma VP, Miskolci V, Hodgson L, Condeelis J. Talin regulates moesin-NHE-1 recruitment to invadopodia and promotes mammary tumor metastasis. J Cell Biol 2014; 205:737-51. [PMID: 24891603 PMCID: PMC4050723 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions that degrade the extracellular matrix and are required for stromal invasion, intravasation, and metastasis. The role of the focal adhesion protein talin in regulating these structures is not known. Here, we demonstrate that talin is required for invadopodial matrix degradation and three-dimensional extracellular matrix invasion in metastatic breast cancer cells. The sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) is linked to the cytoskeleton by ezrin/radixin/moesin family proteins and is known to regulate invadopodium-mediated matrix degradation. We show that the talin C terminus binds directly to the moesin band 4.1 ERM (FERM) domain to recruit a moesin-NHE-1 complex to invadopodia. Silencing talin resulted in a decrease in cytosolic pH at invadopodia and blocked cofilin-dependent actin polymerization, leading to impaired invadopodium stability and matrix degradation. Furthermore, talin is required for mammary tumor cell motility, intravasation, and spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo. Thus, our findings provide a novel understanding of how intracellular pH is regulated and a molecular mechanism by which talin enhances tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Beaty
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - John Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bosanquet DC, Ye L, Harding KG, Jiang WG. FERM family proteins and their importance in cellular movements and wound healing (review). Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:3-12. [PMID: 24820650 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility is a requirement for a number of biological processes, including embryonic development, neuronal development, immune responses, cancer progression and wound healing. Specific to wound healing is the migration of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and other key cellular players into the wound space. Aberrations in wound healing can result in either chronic wounds or abnormally healed wounds. The protein 4.1R, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) superfamily consists of over 40 proteins all containing a three lobed N-terminal FERM domain which binds a variety of cell-membrane associated proteins and lipids. The C-terminal ends of these proteins typically contain an actin-binding domain (ABD). These proteins therefore mediate the linkage between the cell membrane and the actin cytoskeleton, and are involved in cellular movements and migration. Certain FERM proteins have been shown to promote cancer metastasis via this very mechanism. Herein we review the effects of a number of FERM proteins on wound healing and cancer. We show how these proteins typically aid wound healing through their effects on increasing cellular migration and movements, but also typically promote metastasis in cancer. We conclude that FERM proteins play important roles in cellular migration, with markedly different outcomes in the context of cancer and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Bosanquet
- Departments of Surgery and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Departments of Surgery and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Keith G Harding
- Departments of Surgery and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Departments of Surgery and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chakraborty PK, Zhang Y, Coomes AS, Kim WJ, Stupay R, Lynch LD, Atkinson T, Kim JI, Nie Z, Daaka Y. G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK5 phosphorylates moesin and regulates metastasis in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3489-500. [PMID: 24755472 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) regulate diverse cellular functions ranging from metabolism to growth and locomotion. Here, we report an important contributory role for GRK5 in human prostate cancer. Inhibition of GRK5 kinase activity attenuated the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and, concordantly, increased cell attachment and focal adhesion formation. Mass spectrometric analysis of the phosphoproteome revealed the cytoskeletal-membrane attachment protein moesin as a putative GRK5 substrate. GRK5 regulated the subcellular distribution of moesin and colocalized with moesin at the cell periphery. We identified amino acid T66 of moesin as a principal GRK5 phosphorylation site and showed that enforcing the expression of a T66-mutated moesin reduced cell spreading. In a xenograft model of human prostate cancer, GRK5 silencing reduced tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Taken together, our results established GRK5 as a key contributor to the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Chakraborty
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alexandra S Coomes
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wan-Ju Kim
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rachel Stupay
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lauren D Lynch
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Tamieka Atkinson
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jae I Kim
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhongzhen Nie
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chi Q, Yin T, Gregersen H, Deng X, Fan Y, Zhao J, Liao D, Wang G. Rear actomyosin contractility-driven directional cell migration in three-dimensional matrices: a mechano-chemical coupling mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20131072. [PMID: 24647903 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is of vital importance in many biological processes, including organismal development, immune response and development of vascular diseases. For instance, migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the media to intima is an essential part of the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis after stent deployment. While it is well characterized that cells use actin polymerization at the leading edge to propel themselves to move on two-dimensional substrates, the migration modes of cells in three-dimensional matrices relevant to in vivo environments remain unclear. Intracellular tension, which is created by myosin II activity, fulfils a vital role in regulating cell migration. We note that there is compelling evidence from theoretical and experimental work that myosin II accumulates at the cell rear, either isoform-dependent or -independent, leading to three-dimensional migration modes driven by posterior myosin II tension. The scenario is not limited to amoeboid migration, and it is also seen in mesenchymal migration in which a two-dimensional-like migration mode based on front protrusions is often expected, suggesting that there may exist universal underlying mechanisms. In this review, we aim to shed some light on how anisotropic myosin II localization induces cell motility in three-dimensional environments from a biomechanical view. We demonstrate an interesting mechanism where an interplay between mechanical myosin II recruitment and biochemical myosin II activation triggers directional migration in three-dimensional matrices. In the case of amoeboid three-dimensional migration, myosin II first accumulates at the cell rear to induce a slight polarization displayed as a uropod-like structure under the action of a tension-dependent mechanism. Subsequent biochemical signalling pathways initiate actomyosin contractility, producing traction forces on the adhesion system or creating prominent motile forces through blebbing activity, to drive cells to move. In mesenchymal three-dimensional migration, cells can also take advantage of the elastic properties of three-dimensional matrices to move. A minor myosin isoform, myosin IIB, is retained by relatively stiff three-dimensional matrices at the posterior side, then activated by signalling cascades, facilitating prominent cell polarization by establishing front-back polarity and creating cell rear. Myosin IIB initiates cell polarization and coordinates with the major isoform myosin IIA-assembled stress fibres, to power the directional migration of cells in the three-dimensional matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kedracka-Krok S, Jankowska U, Elas M, Sowa U, Swakon J, Cierniak A, Olko P, Romanowska-Dixon B, Urbanska K. Proteomic analysis of proton beam irradiated human melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84621. [PMID: 24392146 PMCID: PMC3879347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton beam irradiation is a form of advanced radiotherapy providing superior distributions of a low LET radiation dose relative to that of photon therapy for the treatment of cancer. Even though this clinical treatment has been developing for several decades, the proton radiobiology critical to the optimization of proton radiotherapy is far from being understood. Proteomic changes were analyzed in human melanoma cells treated with a sublethal dose (3 Gy) of proton beam irradiation. The results were compared with untreated cells. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed with mass spectrometry to identify the proteins. At the dose of 3 Gy a minimal slowdown in proliferation rate was seen, as well as some DNA damage. After allowing time for damage repair, the proteomic analysis was performed. In total 17 protein levels were found to significantly (more than 1.5 times) change: 4 downregulated and 13 upregulated. Functionally, they represent four categories: (i) DNA repair and RNA regulation (VCP, MVP, STRAP, FAB-2, Lamine A/C, GAPDH), (ii) cell survival and stress response (STRAP, MCM7, Annexin 7, MVP, Caprin-1, PDCD6, VCP, HSP70), (iii) cell metabolism (TIM, GAPDH, VCP), and (iv) cytoskeleton and motility (Moesin, Actinin 4, FAB-2, Vimentin, Annexin 7, Lamine A/C, Lamine B). A substantial decrease (2.3 x) was seen in the level of vimentin, a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and the metastatic properties of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kedracka-Krok
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Sowa
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Swakon
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cierniak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bozena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Urbanska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|