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Murtaza M, Mohanty L, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Designing Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation Therapies: Influence of Cell Microenvironment. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221125685. [PMID: 36124646 PMCID: PMC9490465 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221125685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is emerging as a promising treatment option for injuries of the nervous system. OECs can be obtained relatively easily from nasal biopsies, and exhibit several properties such as secretion of trophic factors, and phagocytosis of debris that facilitate neural regeneration and repair. But a major limitation of OEC-based cell therapies is the poor survival of transplanted cells which subsequently limit their therapeutic efficacy. There is an unmet need for approaches that enable the in vitro production of OECs in a state that will optimize their survival and integration after transplantation into the hostile injury site. Here, we present an overview of the strategies to modulate OECs focusing on oxygen levels, stimulating migratory, phagocytic, and secretory properties, and on bioengineering a suitable environment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam Murtaza
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lipsa Mohanty
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Castaño O, López-Mengual A, Reginensi D, Matamoros-Angles A, Engel E, Del Rio JA. Chemotactic TEG3 Cells' Guiding Platforms Based on PLA Fibers Functionalized With the SDF-1α/CXCL12 Chemokine for Neural Regeneration Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:627805. [PMID: 33829009 PMCID: PMC8019790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.627805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(Following spinal cord injury, olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach in promoting functional improvement. Some studies report that the migratory properties of OECs are compromised by inhibitory molecules and potentiated by chemical concentration differences. Here we compare the attachment, morphology, and directionality of an OEC-derived cell line, TEG3 cells, seeded on functionalized nanoscale meshes of Poly(l/dl-lactic acid; PLA) nanofibers. The size of the nanofibers has a strong effect on TEG3 cell adhesion and migration, with the PLA nanofibers having a 950 nm diameter being the ones that show the best results. TEG3 cells are capable of adopting a bipolar morphology on 950 nm fiber surfaces, as well as a highly dynamic behavior in migratory terms. Finally, we observe that functionalized nanofibers, with a chemical concentration increment of SDF-1α/CXCL12, strongly enhance the migratory characteristics of TEG3 cells over inhibitory substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.,Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioeneering Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana López-Mengual
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Reginensi
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama.,Biomedical Engineering Program, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.,IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Kuwako KI, Okano H. The LKB1-SIK Pathway Controls Dendrite Self-Avoidance in Purkinje Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2808-2818.e4. [PMID: 30208308 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Strictly controlled dendrite patterning underlies precise neural connection. Dendrite self-avoidance is a crucial system preventing self-crossing and clumping of dendrites. Although many cell-surface molecules that regulate self-avoidance have been identified, the signaling pathway that orchestrates it remains poorly understood, particularly in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that the LKB1-SIK kinase pathway plays a pivotal role in the self-avoidance of Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites by ensuring dendritic localization of Robo2, a regulator of self-avoidance. LKB1 is activated in developing PCs, and PC-specific deletion of LKB1 severely disrupts the self-avoidance of PC dendrites without affecting gross morphology. SIK1 and SIK2, downstream kinases of LKB1, mediate LKB1-dependent dendrite self-avoidance. Furthermore, loss of LKB1 leads to significantly decreased Robo2 levels in the dendrite but not in the cell body. Finally, restoration of dendritic Robo2 level via overexpression largely rescues the self-avoidance defect in LKB1-deficient PCs. These findings reveal an LKB1-pathway-mediated developmental program that establishes dendrite self-avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Kuwako
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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4
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Murtaza M, Chacko A, Delbaz A, Reshamwala R, Rayfield A, McMonagle B, St John JA, Ekberg JAK. Why are olfactory ensheathing cell tumors so rare? Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:260. [PMID: 31632194 PMCID: PMC6788004 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are unusual in that they rarely form tumors. Only 11 cases, all of which were benign, have been reported to date. In fact, the existence of OEC tumors has been debated as the tumors closely resemble schwannomas (Schwann cell tumors), and there is no definite method for distinguishing the two tumor types. OEC transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for nervous system injuries, and the fact that OECs are not prone to tumorigenesis is therefore vital. However, why OECs are so resistant to neoplastic transformation remains unknown. The primary olfactory nervous system is a highly dynamic region which continuously undergoes regeneration and neurogenesis throughout life. OECs have key roles in this process, providing structural and neurotrophic support as well as phagocytosing the axonal debris resulting from turnover of neurons. The olfactory mucosa and underlying tissue is also frequently exposed to infectious agents, and OECs have key innate immune roles preventing microbes from invading the central nervous system. It is possible that the unique biological functions of OECs, as well as the dynamic nature of the primary olfactory nervous system, relate to the low incidence of OEC tumors. Here, we summarize the known case reports of OEC tumors, discuss the difficulties of correctly diagnosing them, and examine the possible reasons for their rare incidence. Understanding why OECs rarely form tumors may open avenues for new strategies to combat tumorigenesis in other regions of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariyam Murtaza
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Anu Chacko
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Ali Delbaz
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Ronak Reshamwala
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Andrew Rayfield
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Brent McMonagle
- 4Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gold Coast University Hospital, 1 Hospital Boulevard, Southport, QLD 4215 Australia
| | - James A St John
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- 1Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111 Australia.,2Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia.,3Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111 Australia
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5
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Li Y, Huo S, Fang Y, Zou T, Gu X, Tao Q, Xu H. ROCK Inhibitor Y27632 Induced Morphological Shift and Enhanced Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Property of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells via YAP-Dependent Up-Regulation of L1-CAM. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:489. [PMID: 30618636 PMCID: PMC6297255 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are heterogeneous in morphology, antigenic profiles and functions, and these OEC subpopulations have shown different outcomes following OEC transplantation for central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Morphologically, OECs are divided into two subpopulations, process-bearing (Schwann cells-like) and flattened (astrocytes-like) OECs, which could switch between each other and are affected by extracellular and intracellular factors. However, neither the relationship between the morphology and function of OECs nor their molecular mechanisms have been clarified. In the present study, we first investigated morphological and functional differences of OECs under different cytokine exposure conditions. It demonstrated that OECs mainly displayed a process-bearing shape under pro-inflammatory conditions (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), while they displayed a flattened shape under anti-inflammatory conditions [interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)]. The morphological changes were partially reversible and the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK)/F-actin pathway was involved. Functionally, process-bearing OECs under pro-inflammatory conditions showed increased cellular metabolic activity and a higher migratory rate when compared with flattened OECs under anti-inflammatory conditions and significantly promoted neurite outgrowth and extension. Remarkably, the morphological shift towards process-bearing OECs induced by ROCK inhibitor Y27632 enhanced the neurite outgrowth-promoting property of OECs. Furthermore, as the downstream of the ROCK pathway, transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) mediated morphological shift and enhanced the neurite outgrowth-promoting property of OECs through upregulating the expression of the neural adhesion molecule L1-CAM. Our data provided evidence that OECs with specific shapes correspond to specific functional phenotypes and opened new insights into the potential combination of OECs and small-molecule ROCK inhibitors for the regeneration of CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Li
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujia Huo
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Fang
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianliang Gu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tao
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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6
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Semaphorin 3A as an inhibitive factor for migration of olfactory ensheathing cells through cofilin activation is involved in formation of olfactory nerve layer. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:27-39. [PMID: 29940213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) migrate from olfactory epithelium towards olfactory bulb (OB), contributing to formation of the presumptive olfactory nerve layer during development. However, it remains unclear that molecular mechanism of regulation of OEC migration in OB. In the present study, we found that OECs highly expressed the receptors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in vitro and in vivo, whereas Sema3A displayed a gradient expression pattern with higher in inner layer of OB and lower in outer layer of OB. Furthermore, the collapse assays, Boyden chamber migration assays and single-cell migration assays showed that Sema3A induced the collapse of leading front of OECs and inhibited OEC migration. Thirdly, the leading front of OECs exhibited adaptation in a protein synthesis-independent manner, and endocytosis-dependent manner during Sema3A-induced OEC migration. Finally, Sema3A-induced collapse of leading front was required the decrease of focal adhesion and a retrograde F-actin flow in a cofilin activation-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Sema3A as an inhibitive migratory factor for OEC migration through cofilin activation is involved in the formation of olfactory nerve layer.
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7
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Hayashi K, Yamamoto TS, Ueno N. Intracellular calcium signal at the leading edge regulates mesodermal sheet migration during Xenopus gastrulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2433. [PMID: 29402947 PMCID: PMC5799360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the gastrulation stage in animal embryogenesis, the cells leading the axial mesoderm migrate toward the anterior side of the embryo, vigorously extending cell protrusions such as lamellipodia. It is thought that the leading cells sense gradients of chemoattractants emanating from the ectodermal cells and translate them to initiate and maintain the cell movements necessary for gastrulation. However, it is unclear how the extracellular information is converted to the intracellular chemical reactions that lead to motion. Here we demonstrated that intracellular Ca2+ levels in the protrusion-forming leading cells are markedly higher than those of the following cells and the axial mesoderm cells. We also showed that inhibiting the intracellular Ca2+ significantly retarded the gastrulation cell movements, while increasing the intracellular Ca2+ with an ionophore enhanced the migration. We further found that the ionophore treatment increased the active form of the small GTPase Rac1 in these cells. Our results suggest that transient intracellular Ca2+ signals play an essential role in the active cell migration during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hayashi
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takamasa S Yamamoto
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University of Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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8
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Gómez RM, Sánchez MY, Portela-Lomba M, Ghotme K, Barreto GE, Sierra J, Moreno-Flores MT. Cell therapy for spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Glia 2018; 66:1267-1301. [PMID: 29330870 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The prospects of achieving regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) have changed, as most recent findings indicate that several species, including humans, can produce neurons in adulthood. Studies targeting this property may be considered as potential therapeutic strategies to respond to injury or the effects of demyelinating diseases in the CNS. While CNS trauma may interrupt the axonal tracts that connect neurons with their targets, some neurons remain alive, as seen in optic nerve and spinal cord (SC) injuries (SCIs). The devastating consequences of SCIs are due to the immediate and significant disruption of the ascending and descending spinal pathways, which result in varying degrees of motor and sensory impairment. Recent therapeutic studies for SCI have focused on cell transplantation in animal models, using cells capable of inducing axon regeneration like Schwann cells (SchCs), astrocytes, genetically modified fibroblasts and olfactory ensheathing glia cells (OECs). Nevertheless, and despite the improvements in such cell-based therapeutic strategies, there is still little information regarding the mechanisms underlying the success of transplantation and regarding any secondary effects. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify these issues. In this review, we highlight the properties of OECs that make them suitable to achieve neuroplasticity/neuroregeneration in SCI. OECs can interact with the glial scar, stimulate angiogenesis, axon outgrowth and remyelination, improving functional outcomes following lesion. Furthermore, we present evidence of the utility of cell therapy with OECs to treat SCI, both from animal models and clinical studies performed on SCI patients, providing promising results for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Gómez
- Fundación de Neuroregeneración en Colombia, Grupo de investigación NeuroRec, Bogota D.C, Colombia
| | - Magdy Y Sánchez
- Fundación de Neuroregeneración en Colombia, Grupo de investigación NeuroRec, Bogota D.C, Colombia.,Maestría en Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota D.C, Colombia
| | - Maria Portela-Lomba
- Facultad de CC Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kemel Ghotme
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Sierra
- Facultad de CC Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Hříbková H, Grabiec M, Klemová D, Slaninová I, Sun YM. Five steps to form neural rosettes: structure and function. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206896. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural rosette formation is a critical morphogenetic process during neural development, whereby neural stem cells are enclosed in rosette niches to equipoise proliferation and differentiation. How neural rosettes form and provide a regulatory micro-environment remains to be elucidated. We employed the human embryonic stem cell-based neural rosette system to investigate the structural development and function of neural rosettes. Our study shows that neural rosette formation consists of 5 types of cell movements: intercalation, constriction, polarization, elongation, and lumen formation. Ca2+ signaling plays a pivotal role in the five steps by regulating the actions of the cytoskeletal complexes, ACTIN, MYOSIN II, and TUBULIN during intercalation, constriction, and elongation. These in turn control the polarizing elements, ZO-1, PARD3, and β-CATENIN during polarization and lumen formation in neural rosette formation. We further demonstrated that the dismantlement of neural rosettes, mediated by the destruction of cytoskeletal elements, promoted neurogenesis and astrogenesis prematurely, indicating that an intact rosette structure is essential for orderly neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hříbková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Grabiec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dobromila Klemová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yuh-Man Sun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Zheng CG, Zhang F, Bao XM, Wu SY, Wang P, Zhou JN, Gao Y, Teng HL, Wang Y, Huang ZH. Polarized Distribution of Active Myosin II Regulates Directional Migration of Cultured Olfactory Ensheathing Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4701. [PMID: 28680155 PMCID: PMC5498622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is critical for development of olfactory system and essential for neural regeneration after OEC transplantation into nerve injury site. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of directional migration of OECs remain unclear. In this study, we found that in migrating OECs, phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC, active myosin II) displayed a polarized distribution, with the leading front exhibiting higher than soma and trailing process. Over-expression of GFP-MLC significantly reduced OEC migration. Moreover, decreasing this front-to-rear difference of myosin II activity by the frontal application of a ML-7 (myosin II inhibitors) gradient induced the collapse of leading front and reversed soma translocation of OECs, whereas, increasing this front-to-rear difference of myosin II activity by the rear application of a ML-7 or BDM gradient or the frontal application of a Caly (myosin II activator) gradient accelerated the soma translocation of OECs. Finally, myosin II as a downstream signaling of repulsive factor Slit-2 mediated the reversal of soma translocation induced by Slit-2. Taken together, these results suggest that the polarized distribution of active myosin II regulates the directional migration of OECs during spontaneous migration or upon to extracellular stimulation such as Slit-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Province People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou, 311700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Bao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shi-Yang Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jia-Nan Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hong-Lin Teng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chun'an First People's Hospital (Zhejiang Province People's Hospital Chun'an Branch), Hangzhou, 311700, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China. .,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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11
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Carr L, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Expression patterns of Slit and Robo family members in adult mouse spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172736. [PMID: 28234971 PMCID: PMC5325304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoproteins, Slit1-3, are classic axon guidance molecules that act as repulsive cues through their well characterised receptors Robo1-2 to allow precise axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. The expression patterns of Slit1-3 and Robo1-2 have been most characterized in the rodent developing nervous system and the adult brain, but little is known about their expression patterns in the adult rodent peripheral nervous system. Here, we report a detailed expression analysis of Slit1-3 and Robo1-2 in the adult mouse sciatic nerve as well as their expression in the nerve cell bodies within the ventral spinal cord (motor neurons) and dorsal root ganglion (sensory neurons). Our results show that, in the adult mouse peripheral nervous system, Slit1-3 and Robo1-2 are expressed in the cell bodies and axons of both motor and sensory neurons. While Slit1 and Robo2 are only expressed in peripheral axons and their cell bodies, Slit2, Slit3 and Robo1 are also expressed in satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglion, Schwann cells and fibroblasts of peripheral nerves. In addition to these expression patterns, we also demonstrate the expression of Robo1 in blood vessels of the peripheral nerves. Our work gives important new data on the expression patterns of Slit and Robo family members within the peripheral nervous system that may relate both to nerve homeostasis and the reaction of the peripheral nerves to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Carr
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Parkinson
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-peng Dun
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian-Ning City, Hubei, China
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12
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Ke C, Gao F, Tian X, Li C, Shi D, He W, Tian Y. Slit2/Robo1 Mediation of Synaptic Plasticity Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:295-307. [PMID: 26738857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is fundamental to spinal sensitivity of bone cancer pain. Here, we have shown that excitatory synaptogenesis contributes to bone cancer pain. New synapse formation requires neurite outgrowth and an interaction between axons and dendrites, accompanied by the appositional organization of presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. We have shown that Slit2, Robo1, and RhoA act as such cues that promote neurite outgrowth and guide the axon for synapse formation. Sarcoma inoculation induces excitatory synaptogenesis and bone cancer pain which are reversed by Slit2 knockdown but aggravated by Robo1 knockdown. Synaptogenesis of cultured neurons are inhibited by Slit2 knockdown but enhanced by Robo1 knockdown. Sarcoma implantation induces an increase in Slit2 and decreases Robo1 and RhoA, while Slit2 knockdown results in an increase of Robo1 and RhoA. These results have demonstrated a molecular mechanism of synaptogenesis in bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Ke
- Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain (IAP) and Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, 442000, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wensheng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Fouani L, Menezes SV, Paulson M, Richardson DR, Kovacevic Z. Metals and metastasis: Exploiting the role of metals in cancer metastasis to develop novel anti-metastatic agents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:275-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Wang Y, Teng HL, Gao Y, Zhang F, Ding YQ, Huang ZH. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Promotes the Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Through TRPC Channels. Glia 2016; 64:2154-2165. [PMID: 27534509 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of glial cells with axonal growth-promoting properties in the olfactory system. Organized migration of OECs is essential for neural regeneration and olfactory development. However, the molecular mechanism of OEC migration remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on OEC migration. Initially, the "scratch" migration assay, the inverted coverslip and Boyden chamber migration assays showed that BDNF could promote the migration of primary cultured OECs. Furthermore, BDNF gradient attracted the migration of OECs in single-cell migration assays. Mechanistically, TrkB receptor expressed in OECs mediated BDNF-induced OEC migration, and BDNF triggered calcium signals in OECs. Finally, transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPCs) highly expressed in OECs were responsible for BDNF-induced calcium signals, and required for BDNF-induced OEC migration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that BDNF promotes the migration of cultured OECs and an unexpected finding is that TRPCs are required for BDNF-induced OEC migration. GLIA 2016;64:2154-2165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Hong-Lin Teng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Department of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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Liu A, Zhou Z, Dang R, Zhu Y, Qi J, He G, Leung C, Pak D, Jia Z, Xie W. Neuroligin 1 regulates spines and synaptic plasticity via LIMK1/cofilin-mediated actin reorganization. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:449-63. [PMID: 26880202 PMCID: PMC4754719 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201509023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal domain of NLG1 is sufficient to enhance spine and synapse number and to modulate synaptic plasticity, and it exerts these effects via its interaction with SPAR and the subsequent activation of LIMK1/cofilin-mediated actin reorganization. Neuroligin (NLG) 1 is important for synapse development and function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is known that at least some aspects of NLG1 function are independent of the presynaptic neurexin, suggesting that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of NLG1 may be sufficient for synaptic regulation. In addition, NLG1 is subjected to activity-dependent proteolytic cleavage, generating a cytosolic CTD fragment, but the significance of this process remains unknown. In this study, we show that the CTD of NLG1 is sufficient to (a) enhance spine and synapse number, (b) modulate synaptic plasticity, and (c) exert these effects via its interaction with spine-associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase–activating protein and subsequent activation of LIM-domain protein kinase 1/cofilin–mediated actin reorganization. Our results provide a novel postsynaptic mechanism by which NLG1 regulates synapse development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zikai Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuehua Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guiqin He
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Celeste Leung
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel Pak
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Akita T, Kumada T, Yoshihara SI, Egea J, Yamagishi S. Ion channels, guidance molecules, intracellular signaling and transcription factors regulating nervous and vascular system development. J Physiol Sci 2015; 66:175-88. [PMID: 26507418 PMCID: PMC4752580 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Our sophisticated thoughts and behaviors are based on the miraculous development of our complex nervous network system, in which many different types of proteins and signaling cascades are regulated in a temporally and spatially ordered manner. Here we review our recent attempts to grasp the principles of nervous system development in terms of general cellular phenomena and molecules, such as volume-regulated anion channels, intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide signaling, the Npas4 transcription factor and the FLRT family of axon guidance molecules. We also present an example illustrating that the same FLRT family may regulate the development of vascular networks as well. The aim of this review is to open up new vistas for understanding the intricacy of nervous and vascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Kumada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-2102, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Neural System, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Wu H, Barik A, Lu Y, Shen C, Bowman A, Li L, Sathyamurthy A, Lin TW, Xiong WC, Mei L. Slit2 as a β-catenin/Ctnnb1-dependent retrograde signal for presynaptic differentiation. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26159615 PMCID: PMC4498096 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction formation requires proper interaction between motoneurons and muscle cells. β-Catenin (Ctnnb1) in muscle is critical for motoneuron differentiation; however, little is known about the relevant retrograde signal. In this paper, we dissected which functions of muscle Ctnnb1 are critical by an in vivo transgenic approach. We show that Ctnnb1 mutant without the transactivation domain was unable to rescue presynaptic deficits of Ctnnb1 mutation, indicating the involvement of transcription regulation. On the other hand, the cell-adhesion function of Ctnnb1 is dispensable. We screened for proteins that may serve as a Ctnnb1-directed retrograde factor and identified Slit2. Transgenic expression of Slit2 specifically in the muscle was able to diminish presynaptic deficits by Ctnnb1 mutation in mice. Slit2 immobilized on beads was able to induce synaptophysin puncta in axons of spinal cord explants. Together, these observations suggest that Slit2 serves as a factor utilized by muscle Ctnnb1 to direct presynaptic differentiation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07266.001 Motor nerves are like electrical wires that connect our spinal cord to the muscles in our body. These nerves communicate with muscles across a connection called the neuromuscular junction. To first form a neuromuscular junction, the motor nerves and muscles each produce molecular cues that tell each other to do their part to build a connection. Beta-catenin in the muscle is known to regulate motor nerve development. However, beta-catenin has two different roles: it helps to coordinate whether neighboring cells stick together, and it can regulate which genes are ‘transcribed’ to produce proteins. It was not known which of these roles is necessary for forming neuromuscular junctions. Wu, Barik et al. now investigate this question by creating mice with mutant forms of beta-catenin in their muscles. Some mice had muscle beta-catenin that could not help cells stick together, and others had beta-catenin that could not control gene transcription. Only mutations that affected the ability of beta-catenin to control transcription caused abnormalities in the neuromuscular junction. However, these problems could be fixed by adding either normal beta-catenin or the mutant form that cannot help cells stick together. Wu, Barik et al. then used molecular tools to explore which genes are turned on by beta-catenin. The experiments showed that beta-catenin causes muscle fibers to produce a protein called Slit2—a developmental cue that controls where neurons grow. Furthermore, the neuromuscular junction defects found in mice without beta-catenin in their muscles could be reduced by making the muscle fibers produce more Slit2. However, not all defects in beta-catenin mutant mice are rescued by Slit2. Future research is needed to identify other beta-catenin-controlled signals and to determine whether such a pathway is altered in neuromuscular disorders. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07266.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arnab Barik
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Yisheng Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Andrew Bowman
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Thiri W Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
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18
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Reginensi D, Carulla P, Nocentini S, Seira O, Serra-Picamal X, Torres-Espín A, Matamoros-Angles A, Gavín R, Moreno-Flores MT, Wandosell F, Samitier J, Trepat X, Navarro X, del Río JA. Increased migration of olfactory ensheathing cells secreting the Nogo receptor ectodomain over inhibitory substrates and lesioned spinal cord. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2719-37. [PMID: 25708702 PMCID: PMC11113838 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation emerged some years ago as a promising therapeutic strategy to repair injured spinal cord. However, inhibitory molecules are present for long periods of time in lesioned spinal cord, inhibiting both OEC migration and axonal regrowth. Two families of these molecules, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG) and myelin-derived inhibitors (MAIs), are able to trigger inhibitory responses in lesioned axons. Mounting evidence suggests that OEC migration is inhibited by myelin. Here we demonstrate that OEC migration is largely inhibited by CSPGs and that inhibition can be overcome by the bacterial enzyme Chondroitinase ABC. In parallel, we have generated a stable OEC cell line overexpressing the Nogo receptor (NgR) ectodomain to reduce MAI-associated inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that engineered cells migrate longer distances than unmodified OECs over myelin or oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp)-coated substrates. In addition, they also show improved migration in lesioned spinal cord. Our results provide new insights toward the improvement of the mechanisms of action and optimization of OEC-based cell therapy for spinal cord lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Reginensi
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carulla
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Nocentini
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Seira
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Blusson Spinal Cord Centre and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xavier Serra-Picamal
- Integrative cell and tissue dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Edif. M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Grupo de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalina Gavín
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CBM-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory, . Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Electronics, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciòn Médica en Red, Biomecánica, Biomateriales y Nanotecnologìa (CIBERBBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Edif. M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Spain
- Grupo de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Ca2+ signaling in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, and cancer metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:409245. [PMID: 25977921 PMCID: PMC4421034 DOI: 10.1155/2015/409245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of Ca2+ signaling is mandatory for effective cell migration, which is critical for embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. However, how Ca2+ coordinates structural components and signaling molecules for proper cell motility had remained elusive. With the advance of fluorescent live-cell Ca2+ imaging in recent years, we gradually understand how Ca2+ is regulated spatially and temporally in migrating cells, driving polarization, protrusion, retraction, and adhesion at the right place and right time. Here we give an overview about how cells create local Ca2+ pulses near the leading edge, maintain cytosolic Ca2+ gradient from back to front, and restore Ca2+ depletion for persistent cell motility. Differential roles of Ca2+ in regulating various effectors and the interaction of roles of Ca2+ signaling with other pathways during migration are also discussed. Such information might suggest a new direction to control cancer metastasis by manipulating Ca2+ and its associating signaling molecules in a judicious manner.
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Treinys R, Kaselis A, Jover E, Bagnard D, Šatkauskas S. R-type calcium channels are crucial for semaphorin 3A-induced DRG axon growth cone collapse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102357. [PMID: 25032951 PMCID: PMC4102519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a secreted protein involved in axon path-finding during nervous system development. Calcium signaling plays an important role during axonal growth in response to different guidance cues; however it remains unclear whether this is also the case for Sema3A. In this study we used intracellular calcium imaging to figure out whether Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse is a Ca2+ dependent process. Intracellular Ca2+ imaging results using Fura-2 AM showed Ca2+ increase in E15 mice dorsal root ganglia neurons upon Sema3A treatment. Consequently we analyzed Sema3A effect on growth cones after blocking or modifying intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ channels that are expressed in E15 mouse embryos. Our results demonstrate that Sema3A increased growth cone collapse rate is blocked by the non-selective R- and T- type Ca2+ channel blocker NiCl2 and by the selective R-type Ca2+ channel blocker SNX482. These Ca2+ channel blockers consistently decreased the Sema3A-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation. Overall, our results demonstrate that Sema3A-induced growth cone collapses are intimately related with increase in intracellular calcium concentration mediated by R-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimantas Treinys
- Biophysical Research Group, Biology department, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Kaselis
- Biophysical Research Group, Biology department, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Emmanuel Jover
- INCI – UPR-CNRS 3212, Neurotransmission et sécrétion neuroendocrine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U1109, MN3t lab, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biophysical Research Group, Biology department, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
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Aoki M, Takeuchi H, Nakashima A, Nishizumi H, Sakano H. Possible roles of Robo1+ ensheathing cells in guiding dorsal-zone olfactory sensory neurons in mouse. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:828-40. [PMID: 23821580 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the mouse olfactory system, the anatomical locations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) correlate with their axonal projection sites along the dorsoventral axis of the olfactory bulb (OB). We have previously reported that Neuropilin-2 expressed by ventral-zone OSNs contributes to the segregation of dorsal and ventral OSN axons, and that Slit is acting as a negative land mark to restrict the projection of Robo2+, early-arriving OSN axons to the embryonic OB. Here, we report that another guidance receptor, Robo1, also plays an important role in guiding OSN axons. Knockout mice for Robo1 demonstrated defects in targeting of OSN axons to the OB. Although Robo1 is colocalized with dorsal-zone OSN axons, it is not produced by OSNs, but instead by olfactory ensheathing cells. These findings indicate a novel strategy of axon guidance in the mouse olfactory system during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Aoki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
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22
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Yang YHC, Manning Fox JE, Zhang KL, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Intraislet SLIT-ROBO signaling is required for beta-cell survival and potentiates insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16480-5. [PMID: 24065825 PMCID: PMC3799350 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214312110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously cataloged putative autocrine/paracrine signaling loops in pancreatic islets, including factors best known for their roles in axon guidance. Emerging evidence points to nonneuronal roles for these factors, including the Slit-Roundabout receptor (Robo) family, in cell growth, migration, and survival. We found SLIT1 and SLIT3 in both beta cells and alpha cells, whereas SLIT2 was predominantly expressed in beta cells. ROBO1 and ROBO2 receptors were detected in beta and alpha cells. Remarkably, even modest knockdown of Slit production resulted in significant beta-cell death, demonstrating a critical autocrine/paracrine survival role for this pathway. Indeed, recombinant SLIT1, SLIT2, and SLIT3 decreased serum deprivation, cytokine, and thapsigargin-induced cell death under hyperglycemic conditions. SLIT treatment also induced a gradual release of endoplasmic reticulum luminal Ca(2+), suggesting a unique molecular mechanism capable of protecting beta cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. SLIT treatment was also associated with rapid actin remodeling. SLITs potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased the frequency of glucose-induced Ca(2+) oscillations. These observations point to unexpected roles for local Slit secretion in the survival and function of pancreatic beta cells. Because diabetes results from a deficiency in functional beta-cell mass, these studies may contribute to therapeutic approaches for improving beta-cell survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3; and
| | - Jocelyn E. Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Kevin L. Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3; and
| | - Patrick E. MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3; and
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Xiao L, Hu C, Yang W, Guo D, Li C, Shen W, Liu X, Aijun H, Dan W, He C. NMDA receptor couples Rac1-GEF Tiam1 to direct oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration. Glia 2013; 61:2078-99. [PMID: 24123220 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Aijun
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Dan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education; Neuroscience Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
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24
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Wang Y, Teng HL, Huang ZH. Repulsive migration of Schwann cells induced by Slit-2 through Ca2+-dependent RhoA-myosin signaling. Glia 2013; 61:710-23. [PMID: 23361995 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells migrate along axons before initiating myelination during development and their migration facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Axon guidance molecule Slit-2 is highly expressed during peripheral development and nerve regeneration; however, whether Slit-2 regulates the migration of Schwann cells remains a mystery. Here we show that Slit-2 receptor Robo-1 and Robo-2 were highly expressed in Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo. Using three distinct migration assays, we found that Slit-2 repelled the migration of cultured Schwann cells. Furthermore, frontal application of a Slit-2 gradient to migrating Schwann cells first caused the collapse of leading front, and then reversed soma translocation of Schwann cells. The repulsive effects of Slit-2 on Schwann cell migration depended on a Ca(2+) signaling release from internal stores. Interestingly, in response to Slit-2 stimulation, the collapse of leading front required the loss of F-actin and focal adhesion, whereas the subsequent reversal of soma translocation depended on RhoA-Rock-Myosin signaling pathways. Taken together, we demonstrate that Slit-2 repels the migration of cultured Schwann cells through RhoA-Myosin signaling pathways in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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Wang Y, Teng HL, Huang ZH. Intrinsic migratory properties of cultured Schwann cells based on single-cell migration assay. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51824. [PMID: 23251634 PMCID: PMC3522601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of Schwann cells is critical for development of peripheral nervous system and is essential for regeneration and remyelination after nerve injury. Although several factors have been identified to regulate Schwann cell migration, intrinsic migratory properties of Schwann cells remain elusive. In this study, based on time-lapse imaging of single isolated Schwann cells, we examined the intrinsic migratory properties of Schwann cells and the molecular cytoskeletal machinery of soma translocation during migration. We found that cultured Schwann cells displayed three motile phenotypes, which could transform into each other spontaneously during their migration. Local disruption of F-actin polymerization at leading front by a Cytochalasin D or Latrunculin A gradient induced collapse of leading front, and then inhibited soma translocation. Moreover, in migrating Schwann cells, myosin II activity displayed a polarized distribution, with the leading process exhibiting higher expression than the soma and trailing process. Decreasing this front-to-rear difference of myosin II activity by frontal application of a ML-7 or BDM (myosin II inhibitors) gradient induced the collapse of leading front and reversed soma translocation, whereas, increasing this front-to-rear difference of myosin II activity by rear application of a ML-7 or BDM gradient or frontal application of a Caly (myosin II activator) gradient accelerated soma translocation. Taken together, these results suggest that during migration, Schwann cells display malleable motile phenotypes and the extension of leading front dependent on F-actin polymerization pulls soma forward translocation mediated by myosin II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Lin Teng
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-hui Huang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Morphological phenotypes of olfactory ensheathing cells display different migratory responses upon Slit-2. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1889-900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Giovannone D, Reyes M, Reyes R, Correa L, Martinez D, Ra H, Gomez G, Kaiser J, Ma L, Stein MP, de Bellard ME. Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via Robo receptor. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1274-88. [PMID: 22689303 PMCID: PMC3632352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest cells emerge by delamination from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to various components of the peripheral nervous system in vertebrate embryos. These cells change from non-motile into highly motile cells migrating to distant areas before further differentiation. Mechanisms controlling delamination and subsequent migration of neural crest cells are not fully understood. Slit2, a chemorepellant for axonal guidance that repels and stimulates motility of trunk neural crest cells away from the gut has recently been suggested to be a tumor suppressor molecule. The goal of this study was to further investigate the role of Slit2 in trunk neural crest cell migration by constitutive expression in neural crest cells. RESULTS We found that Slit gain-of-function significantly impaired neural crest cell migration while Slit loss-of-function favored migration. In addition, we observed that the distribution of key cytoskeletal markers was disrupted in both gain and loss of function instances. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Slit molecules might be involved in the processes that allow neural crest cells to begin migrating and transitioning to a mesenchymal type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo Gomez
- Division of Biology, 139-74. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | | | - Le Ma
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute. KSOM of USC. 1501 San Pablo St. Los Angeles, CA 90033
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Nocentini S, Reginensi D, Garcia S, Carulla P, Moreno-Flores MT, Wandosell F, Trepat X, Bribian A, del Río JA. Myelin-associated proteins block the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells: an in vitro study using single-cell tracking and traction force microscopy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1689-703. [PMID: 22205212 PMCID: PMC11114797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Newly generated olfactory receptor axons grow from the peripheral to the central nervous system aided by olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Thus, OEC transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy for spinal cord injuries and for other neural diseases. However, these cells do not present a uniform population, but instead a functionally heterogeneous population that exhibits a variety of responses including adhesion, repulsion, and crossover during cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Some studies report that the migratory properties of OECs are compromised by inhibitory molecules and potentiated by chemical gradients. Here, we demonstrated that rodent OECs express all the components of the Nogo receptor complex and that their migration is blocked by myelin. Next, we used cell tracking and traction force microscopy to analyze OEC migration and its mechanical properties over myelin. Our data relate the decrease of traction force of OEC with lower migratory capacity over myelin, which correlates with changes in the F-actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion distribution. Lastly, OEC traction force and migratory capacity is enhanced after cell incubation with the Nogo receptor inhibitor NEP1-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nocentini
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Reginensi
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simón Garcia
- Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carulla
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreno-Flores
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBM-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), CBM-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Bribian
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A. del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Ji J, Li Q, Xie Y, Zhang X, Cui S, Shi S, Chen X. Overexpression of Robo2 causes defects in the recruitment of metanephric mesenchymal cells and ureteric bud branching morphogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Ekberg JAK, Amaya D, Mackay-Sim A, St John JA. The migration of olfactory ensheathing cells during development and regeneration. Neurosignals 2012; 20:147-58. [PMID: 22456085 DOI: 10.1159/000330895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary olfactory nervous system is unique in that it continuously renews itself and regenerates after injury. These properties are attributed to the presence of olfactory glia, termed olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Evidence is now emerging that individual OEC populations exist with distinct anatomical localisations and physiological properties, but their differential roles have not been determined. Unlike other glia, OECs can migrate from the periphery into the central nervous system, and organised OEC migration can enhance axonal extension after injury. Despite this, the mechanisms regulating OEC migration are largely unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the roles of OECs in development and adulthood. We review the latest research describing the differences between individual OEC subpopulations and discuss potential regulatory mechanisms for OEC guidance and migration. Using advanced time lapse techniques, we have obtained novel insights into how OECs behave in a complex multicellular environment which we discuss here with particular focus on cell-cell interactions. Significantly, transplantation of OECs constitutes a promising novel therapy for nerve injuries, but results are highly variable and the method needs improvement. We here review the roles of transplanted OECs in neural repair of damaged neuronal tracts distinct from the primary olfactory nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A K Ekberg
- Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Huang ZH, Wang Y, Yuan XB, He C. RhoA-ROCK-Myosin pathway regulates morphological plasticity of cultured olfactory ensheathing cells. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2823-34. [PMID: 21946234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glial cells in the olfactory system with morphological and functional plasticity. Cultured OECs have the flattened and process-bearing shape. Reversible changes have been found between these two morphological phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of their morphological plasticity remains elusive. Using RhoA FRET biosensor, we found that the active RhoA signal mainly distributed in the lamellipodia and/or filopodia of OECs. Local disruption of these active RhoA distributions led to the morphological change from the flattened into process-bearing shape and promoted process outgrowth. Furthermore, RhoA pathway inhibitors, Toxin-B, C3, Y-27632 or over-expression of DN-RhoA blocked serum-induced morphological change of OECs from the process-bearing into flattened shape, whereas the activation of RhoA pathway by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promoted the morphological change from the process-bearing into flattened shape. Finally, ROCK-Myosin-F-actin as a downstream of RhoA pathway was involved in morphological plasticity of OECs. Taken together, these results suggest that RhoA-ROCK-Myosin pathway mediates the morphological plasticity of cultured OECs in response to extracellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-hui Huang
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Huang ZH, Wang Y, Su ZD, Geng JG, Chen YZ, Yuan XB, He C. Slit-2 repels the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells by triggering Ca2+-dependent cofilin activation and RhoA inhibition. Development 2011. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.063578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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