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Purelku M, Sahin H, Erkanli Senturk G, Tanriverdi G. Distribution and morphologic characterization of telocytes in rat ovary and uterus: insights from ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02313-w. [PMID: 39078438 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are characterized by a small oval-shaped cell body with long prolongations that are called telopods (Tps). PDGFR-β and c-kit markers may assist for the immunohistochemical identification of TCs; however, by these means they cannot be identified with absolute specificity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is considered as a gold standard method for TCs observation. Studies on TCs in the female reproductive system are limited, and there is a lack of awareness regarding TCs in rat ovaries. We aimed to demonstrate the existence and morphology of TCs in rat ovaries, alongside previously studied TCs in rat uteri. Thus, ovaries and uteri from young adult Sprague-Dawley female rats (n = 8) with regular estrous cycles were collected. Then, left ovaries and uteri were proccessed for TEM analysis, while the right ones were used for immunohistochemistry. As a result, TCs were seen throughout the rat's ovarian stroma with their characteristic cell bodies, Tps, podomes (Pds) and podomers (Pdms). Tps were situated within the thecal layer of the follicles, surrounding the corpus luteum and blood vessels. Ovarian TCs were recognized to have relationship with other TCs/stromal cells. Subsequently, TCs were seen in stroma of endometrium with surrounding blood vessels and uterine glands, myometrium and perimetrium in rat uteri. There was also no statistical significance between the number of c-kit+ and PDGFR-β+ telocyte-like cells in both rat ovarian (p = 0.137) and endometrial stroma (p = 0.450). Further investigation of the roles and functions of TCs in the female reproductive system is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merjem Purelku
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Erkanli Senturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriverdi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Hu HT, Nishimura T, Kawana H, Dante RAS, D’Angelo G, Suetsugu S. The cellular protrusions for inter-cellular material transfer: similarities between filopodia, cytonemes, tunneling nanotubes, viruses, and extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1422227. [PMID: 39035026 PMCID: PMC11257967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1422227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for transferring bioactive materials between cells and play vital roles in both health and diseases. Cellular protrusions, including filopodia and microvilli, are generated by the bending of the plasma membrane and are considered to be rigid structures facilitating various cellular functions, such as cell migration, adhesion, and environment sensing. Compelling evidence suggests that these protrusions are dynamic and flexible structures that can serve as sources of a new class of EVs, highlighting the unique role they play in intercellular material transfer. Cytonemes are specialized filopodia protrusions that make direct contact with neighboring cells, mediating the transfer of bioactive materials between cells through their tips. In some cases, these tips fuse with the plasma membrane of neighboring cells, creating tunneling nanotubes that directly connect the cytosols of the adjacent cells. Additionally, virus particles can be released from infected cells through small bud-like of plasma membrane protrusions. These different types of protrusions, which can transfer bioactive materials, share common protein components, including I-BAR domain-containing proteins, actin cytoskeleton, and their regulatory proteins. The dynamic and flexible nature of these protrusions highlights their importance in cellular communication and material transfer within the body, including development, cancer progression, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Ting Hu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Tamako Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Rachelle Anne So Dante
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Gisela D’Angelo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
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3
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Del Vecchio V, Rehman A, Panda SK, Torsiello M, Marigliano M, Nicoletti MM, Ferraro GA, De Falco V, Lappano R, Lieto E, Pagliuca F, Caputo C, La Noce M, Papaccio G, Tirino V, Robinson N, Desiderio V, Papaccio F. Mitochondrial transfer from Adipose stem cells to breast cancer cells drives multi-drug resistance. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:166. [PMID: 38877575 PMCID: PMC11177397 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease, showing heterogeneity in the genetic background, molecular subtype, and treatment algorithm. Historically, treatment strategies have been directed towards cancer cells, but these are not the unique components of the tumor bulk, where a key role is played by the tumor microenvironment (TME), whose better understanding could be crucial to obtain better outcomes. METHODS We evaluated mitochondrial transfer (MT) by co-culturing Adipose stem cells with different Breast cancer cells (BCCs), through MitoTracker assay, Mitoception, confocal and immunofluorescence analyses. MT inhibitors were used to confirm the MT by Tunneling Nano Tubes (TNTs). MT effect on multi-drug resistance (MDR) was assessed using Doxorubicin assay and ABC transporter evaluation. In addition, ATP production was measured by Oxygen Consumption rates (OCR) and Immunoblot analysis. RESULTS We found that MT occurs via Tunneling Nano Tubes (TNTs) and can be blocked by actin polymerization inhibitors. Furthermore, in hybrid co-cultures between ASCs and patient-derived organoids we found a massive MT. Breast Cancer cells (BCCs) with ASCs derived mitochondria (ADM) showed a reduced HIF-1α expression in hypoxic conditions, with an increased ATP production driving ABC transporters-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR), linked to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism rewiring. CONCLUSIONS We provide a proof-of-concept of the occurrence of Mitochondrial Transfer (MT) from Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) to BC models. Blocking MT from ASCs to BCCs could be a new effective therapeutic strategy for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ayesha Rehman
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sameer Kumar Panda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martina Torsiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Marigliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Via Salvador Allende, 43, Baronissi, Sa, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Nicoletti
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Mental, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 6, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - Eva Lieto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Department of Mental, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie n. 1, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Caputo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio, 7 - 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Cytometry and Mutational Diagnostics, AOU "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Unit of Cytometry and Mutational Diagnostics, AOU "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Center for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. Armanni, 5, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Unit of Cytometry and Mutational Diagnostics, AOU "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Via Salvador Allende, 43, Baronissi, Sa, Italy.
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Jiao Q, Xiang L, Chen Y. Mitochondrial transplantation: A promising therapy for mitochondrial disorders. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124194. [PMID: 38703929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
As a vital energy source for cellular metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion can undergo morphological or positional change and even shuttle between cells in response to various stimuli and energy demands. Multiple human diseases are originated from mitochondrial dysfunction, but the curative succusses by traditional treatments are limited. Mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) is an innovative therapeutic approach that is to deliver the healthy mitochondria either derived from normal cells or reassembled through synthetic biology into the cells and tissues suffering from mitochondrial damages and finally replace their defective mitochondria and restore their function. MTT has already been under investigation in clinical trials for cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and given an encouraging performance in animal models of numerous fatal critical diseases including central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, cancer, renal injury, and pulmonary damage. This review article summarizes the mechanisms and strategies of mitochondrial transfer and the MTT application for types of mitochondrial diseases, and discusses the potential challenge in MTT clinical application, aiming to exhibit the good therapeutic prospects of MTTs in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China; Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China.
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5
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Nguyen DLB, Okolicsanyi RK, Haupt LM. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Mediators of cellular and molecular Alzheimer's disease pathogenic factors via tunnelling nanotubes? Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103936. [PMID: 38750678 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders impact around one billion individuals globally (15 % approx.), with significant implications for disability and mortality with their impact in Australia currently amounts to 6.8 million deaths annually. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex extracellular molecules implicated in promoting Tau fibril formation resulting in Tau tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HSPG-Tau protein interactions contribute to various AD stages via aggregation, toxicity, and clearance, largely via interactions with the glypican 1 and syndecan 3 core proteins. The tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) pathway is emerging as a facilitator of intercellular molecule transport, including Tau and Amyloid β proteins, across extensive distances. While current TNT-associated evidence primarily stems from cancer models, their role in Tau propagation and its effects on recipient cells remain unclear. This review explores the interplay of TNTs, HSPGs, and AD-related factors and proposes that HSPGs influence TNT formation in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy L B Nguyen
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia; Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia.
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6
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Zhou Q, Dai H, Yan Y, Qin Z, Zhou M, Zhang W, Zhang G, Guo R, Wei X. From Short Circuit to Completed Circuit: Conductive Hydrogel Facilitating Oral Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303143. [PMID: 38306368 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The primary challenges posed by oral mucosal diseases are their high incidence and the difficulty in managing symptoms. Inspired by the ability of bioelectricity to activate cells, accelerate metabolism, and enhance immunity, a conductive polyacrylamide/sodium alginate crosslinked hydrogel composite containing reduced graphene oxide (PAA-SA@rGO) is developed. This composite possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, serving as a bridge to turn the "short circuit" of the injured site into a "completed circuit," thereby prompting fibroblasts in proximity to the wound site to secrete growth factors and expedite tissue regeneration. Simultaneously, the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel effectively seals wounds to form a barrier, exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and prevents foreign bacterial invasion. As the electric field of the wound is rebuilt and repaired by the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel, a 5 × 5 mm2 wound in the full-thickness buccal mucosa of rats can be expeditiously mended within mere 7 days. The theoretical calculations indicate that the PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel can aggregate and express SOX2, PITX1, and PITX2 at the wound site, which has a promoting effect on rapid wound healing. Importantly, this PAA-SA@rGO hydrogel has a fast curative effect and only needs to be applied for the first three days, which significantly improves patient satisfaction during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Hanqing Dai
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yukun Yan
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiming Qin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Electronic Components Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoling Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Miro-mediated mitochondrial transport: A new dimension for disease-related abnormal cell metabolism? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149737. [PMID: 38430606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile and highly dynamic organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. The importance of mitochondrial transport in cell metabolism, including variations in mitochondrial distribution within cells and intercellular transfer, has grown in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that abnormal mitochondrial transport represents an early pathogenic alteration in a variety of illnesses, emphasizing its significance in disease development and progression. Mitochondrial Rho GTPase (Miro) is a protein found on the outer mitochondrial membrane that is required for cytoskeleton-dependent mitochondrial transport, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), and mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. Miro, as a critical regulator of mitochondrial transport, has yet to be thoroughly investigated in illness. This review focuses on recent developments in recognizing Miro as a crucial molecule in controlling mitochondrial transport and investigates its roles in diverse illnesses. It also intends to shed light on the possibilities of targeting Miro as a therapeutic method for a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxing Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jincheng People's Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Halász H, Tárnai V, Matkó J, Nyitrai M, Szabó-Meleg E. Cooperation of Various Cytoskeletal Components Orchestrates Intercellular Spread of Mitochondria between B-Lymphoma Cells through Tunnelling Nanotubes. Cells 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38607046 PMCID: PMC11011538 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (NTs) are dynamic communication channels connecting spatially separated cells even over long distances and promoting the transport of different cellular cargos. NTs are also involved in the intercellular spread of different pathogens and the deterioration of some neurological disorders. Transport processes via NTs may be controlled by cytoskeletal elements. NTs are frequently observed membrane projections in numerous mammalian cell lines, including various immune cells, but their functional significance in the 'antibody factory' B cells is poorly elucidated. Here, we report that as active channels, NTs of B-lymphoma cells can mediate bidirectional mitochondrial transport, promoted by the cooperation of two different cytoskeletal motor proteins, kinesin along microtubules and myosin VI along actin, and bidirectional transport processes are also supported by the heterogeneous arrangement of the main cytoskeletal filament systems of the NTs. We revealed that despite NTs and axons being different cell extensions, the mitochondrial transport they mediate may exhibit significant similarities. Furthermore, we found that microtubules may improve the stability and lifespan of B-lymphoma-cell NTs, while F-actin strengthens NTs by providing a structural framework for them. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the major cells of humoral immune response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Tárnai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Mierke CT. Phenotypic Heterogeneity, Bidirectionality, Universal Cues, Plasticity, Mechanics, and the Tumor Microenvironment Drive Cancer Metastasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 38397421 PMCID: PMC10887446 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor diseases become a huge problem when they embark on a path that advances to malignancy, such as the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been thoroughly investigated from a biological perspective in the past, whereas it has still been less explored from a physical perspective. Until now, the intraluminal pathway of cancer metastasis has received the most attention, while the interaction of cancer cells with macrophages has received little attention. Apart from the biochemical characteristics, tumor treatments also rely on the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to be immunosuppressive and, as has recently been found, mechanically stimulates cancer cells and thus alters their functions. The review article highlights the interaction of cancer cells with other cells in the vascular metastatic route and discusses the impact of this intercellular interplay on the mechanical characteristics and subsequently on the functionality of cancer cells. For instance, macrophages can guide cancer cells on their intravascular route of cancer metastasis, whereby they can help to circumvent the adverse conditions within blood or lymphatic vessels. Macrophages induce microchannel tunneling that can possibly avoid mechanical forces during extra- and intravasation and reduce the forces within the vascular lumen due to vascular flow. The review article highlights the vascular route of cancer metastasis and discusses the key players in this traditional route. Moreover, the effects of flows during the process of metastasis are presented, and the effects of the microenvironment, such as mechanical influences, are characterized. Finally, the increased knowledge of cancer metastasis opens up new perspectives for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth System Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Chen R, Chen J. Mitochondrial transfer - a novel promising approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1346441. [PMID: 38313834 PMCID: PMC10837849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1346441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders remain a major global health concern in the 21st century, with increasing incidence and prevalence. Mitochondria play a critical role in cellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial transfer plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and development. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mitochondria can be transferred from stem cells to pathologically injured cells, leading to mitochondrial functional restoration. Compared to cell therapy, mitochondrial transplantation has lower immunogenicity, making exogenous transplantation of healthy mitochondria a promising therapeutic approach for treating diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the association between metabolic disorders and mitochondria, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer, and the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer for metabolic disorders. We hope this review provides novel insights into targeted mitochondrial therapy for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hu C, Shi Z, Liu X, Sun C. The Research Progress of Mitochondrial Transplantation in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Defective Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1175. [PMID: 38256247 PMCID: PMC10816172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that are involved in energy production, apoptosis, and signaling in eukaryotic cells. Several studies conducted over the past decades have correlated mitochondrial dysfunction with various diseases, including cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and cancer. Mitochondrial transplantation entails importing intact mitochondria from healthy tissues into diseased tissues with damaged mitochondria to rescue the injured cells. In this review, the different mitochondrial transplantation techniques and their clinical applications have been discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions pertaining to mitochondrial transplantation and its potential in the treatment of diseases with defective mitochondria have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.H.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.H.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiongxiong Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.H.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (C.H.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lin X, Wang W, Chang X, Chen C, Guo Z, Yu G, Shao W, Wu S, Zhang Q, Zheng F, Li H. ROS/mtROS promotes TNTs formation via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to protect against mitochondrial damages in glial cells induced by engineered nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38225661 PMCID: PMC10789074 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the demand and application of engineered nanomaterials have increased, their potential toxicity to the central nervous system has drawn increasing attention. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are novel cell-cell communication that plays a crucial role in pathology and physiology. However, the relationship between TNTs and nanomaterials neurotoxicity remains unclear. Here, three types of commonly used engineered nanomaterials, namely cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), were selected to address this limitation. RESULTS After the complete characterization of the nanomaterials, the induction of TNTs formation with all of the nanomaterials was observed using high-content screening system and confocal microscopy in both primary astrocytes and U251 cells. It was further revealed that TNT formation protected against nanomaterial-induced neurotoxicity due to cell apoptosis and disrupted ATP production. We then determined the mechanism underlying the protective role of TNTs. Since oxidative stress is a common mechanism in nanotoxicity, we first observed a significant increase in total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (namely ROS, mtROS), causing mitochondrial damage. Moreover, pretreatment of U251 cells with either the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine or the mtROS scavenger mitoquinone attenuated nanomaterial-induced neurotoxicity and TNTs generation, suggesting a central role of ROS in nanomaterials-induced TNTs formation. Furthermore, a vigorous downstream pathway of ROS, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, was found to be actively involved in nanomaterials-promoted TNTs development, which was abolished by LY294002, Perifosine and Rapamycin, inhibitors of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, respectively. Finally, western blot analysis demonstrated that ROS and mtROS scavengers suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which abrogated TNTs formation. CONCLUSION Despite their biophysical properties, various types of nanomaterials promote TNTs formation and mitochondrial transfer, preventing cell apoptosis and disrupting ATP production induced by nanomaterials. ROS/mtROS and the activation of the downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are common mechanisms to regulate TNTs formation and mitochondrial transfer. Our study reveals that engineered nanomaterials share the same molecular mechanism of TNTs formation and intercellular mitochondrial transfer, and the proposed adverse outcome pathway contributes to a better understanding of the intercellular protection mechanism against nanomaterials-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 E. Gray Street, Louisville, USA
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, Fujian Province, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian Province, China.
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14
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Mojtaba Mousavi S, Alireza Hashemi S, Yari Kalashgrani M, Rahmanian V, Riazi M, Omidifar N, Hamed Althomali R, Rahman MM, Chiang WH, Gholami A. Recent Progress in Prompt Molecular Detection of Exosomes Using CRISPR/Cas and Microfluidic-Assisted Approaches Toward Smart Cancer Diagnosis and Analysis. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300359. [PMID: 37916531 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are essential indicators of molecular mechanisms involved in interacting with cancer cells and the tumor environment. As nanostructures based on lipids and nucleic acids, exosomes provide a communication pathway for information transfer by transporting biomolecules from the target cell to other cells. Importantly, these extracellular vesicles are released into the bloodstream by the most invasive cells, i. e., cancer cells; in this way, they could be considered a promising specific biomarker for cancer diagnosis. In this matter, CRISPR-Cas systems and microfluidic approaches could be considered practical tools for cancer diagnosis and understanding cancer biology. CRISPR-Cas systems, as a genome editing approach, provide a way to inactivate or even remove a target gene from the cell without affecting intracellular mechanisms. These practical systems provide vital information about the factors involved in cancer development that could lead to more effective cancer treatment. Meanwhile, microfluidic approaches can also significantly benefit cancer research due to their proper sensitivity, high throughput, low material consumption, low cost, and advanced spatial and temporal control. Thereby, employing CRISPR-Cas- and microfluidics-based approaches toward exosome monitoring could be considered a valuable source of information for cancer therapy and diagnosis. This review assesses the recent progress in these promising diagnosis approaches toward accurate cancer therapy and in-depth study of cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan
| | - Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Mohsen Riazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, 106335, Taiwan
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
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15
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Pincet L, Pincet F. Membrane Tubulation with a Biomembrane Force Probe. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 38132914 PMCID: PMC10744658 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tubulation is a common cellular process involving the formation of membrane tubes ranging from 50 nm to 1 µm in diameter. These tubes facilitate intercompartmental connections, material transport within cells and content exchange between cells. The high curvature of these tubes makes them specific targets for proteins that sense local geometry. In vitro, similar tubes have been created by pulling on the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles. Optical tweezers and micromanipulation are typically used in these experiments, involving the manipulation of a GUV with a micropipette and a streptavidin-coated bead trapped in optical tweezers. The interaction forms streptavidin/biotin bonds, leading to tube formation. Here, we propose a cost-effective alternative using only micromanipulation techniques, replacing optical tweezers with a Biomembrane Force Probe (BFP). The BFP, employing a biotinylated erythrocyte as a nanospring, allows for the controlled measurement of forces ranging from 1 pN to 1 nN. The BFP has been widely used to study molecular interactions in cellular processes, extending beyond its original purpose. We outline the experimental setup, tube formation and characterization of tube dimensions and energetics, and discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach in studying membrane tubulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lancelot Pincet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Frédéric Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
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16
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Liu L, Yang J, Otani Y, Shiga T, Yamaguchi A, Oda Y, Hattori M, Goto T, Ishibashi S, Kawashima-Sonoyama Y, Ishihara T, Matsuzaki Y, Akamatsu W, Fujitani M, Taketani T. MELAS-Derived Neurons Functionally Improve by Mitochondrial Transfer from Highly Purified Mesenchymal Stem Cells (REC). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17186. [PMID: 38139018 PMCID: PMC10742994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episode (MELAS) syndrome, caused by a single base substitution in mitochondrial DNA (m.3243A>G), is one of the most common maternally inherited mitochondrial diseases accompanied by neuronal damage due to defects in the oxidative phosphorylation system. There is no established treatment. Our previous study reported a superior restoration of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics in mitochondria-deficient cells using highly purified mesenchymal stem cells (RECs). However, whether such exogenous mitochondrial donation occurs in mitochondrial disease models and whether it plays a role in the recovery of pathological neuronal functions is unknown. Here, utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we differentiated neurons with impaired mitochondrial function from patients with MELAS. MELAS neurons and RECs/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured under contact or non-contact conditions. Both RECs and MSCs can donate mitochondria to MELAS neurons, but RECs are more excellent than MSCs for mitochondrial transfer in both systems. In addition, REC-mediated mitochondrial transfer significantly restored mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP/ROS production, intracellular calcium storage, and oxygen consumption rate. Moreover, mitochondrial function was maintained for at least three weeks. Thus, REC-donated exogenous mitochondria might offer a potential therapeutic strategy for treating neurological dysfunction in MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Jiahao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Yoshinori Otani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Yasuaki Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Miho Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Tsukimi Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.); (W.A.)
| | - Masashi Fujitani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.F.)
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; (L.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.O.); (M.H.); (T.G.); (Y.K.-S.)
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17
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Djurkovic MA, Leavitt CG, Arnett E, Kriachun V, Martínez-Sobrido L, Titone R, Sherwood LJ, Hayhurst A, Schlesinger LS, Shtanko O. Ebola Virus Uses Tunneling Nanotubes as an Alternate Route of Dissemination. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S522-S535. [PMID: 37723997 PMCID: PMC10651192 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease is marked by rapid virus replication and spread. EBOV enters the cell by macropinocytosis and replicates in the cytoplasm, and nascent virions egress from the cell surface to infect neighboring cells. Here, we show that EBOV uses an alternate route to disseminate: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNTs, an actin-based long-range intercellular communication system, allows for direct exchange of cytosolic constituents between cells. Using live, scanning electron, and high-resolution quantitative 3-dimensional microscopy, we show that EBOV infection of primary human cells results in the enhanced formation of TNTs containing viral nucleocapsids. TNTs promote the intercellular transfer of nucleocapsids in the absence of live virus, and virus could replicate in cells devoid of entry factors after initial stall. Our studies suggest an alternate model of EBOV dissemination within the host, laying the groundwork for further investigations into the pathogenesis of filoviruses and, importantly, stimulating new areas of antiviral design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija A Djurkovic
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Carson G Leavitt
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Valeriia Kriachun
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Rossella Titone
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Laura J Sherwood
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Andrew Hayhurst
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Olena Shtanko
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
- Disease Prevention and Intervention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
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18
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Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Henderson JM, Pepe A, Zurzolo C. Identification and Characterization of Tunneling Nanotubes for Intercellular Trafficking. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e939. [PMID: 37994667 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are thin membranous channels providing a direct cytoplasmic connection between remote cells. They are commonly observed in different cell cultures and increasing evidence supports their role in intercellular communication, and pathogen and amyloid protein transfer. However, the study of TNTs presents several pitfalls (e.g., difficulty in preserving such delicate structures, possible confusion with other protrusions, structural and functional heterogeneity, etc.) and therefore requires thoroughly designed approaches. The methods described in this protocol represent a guideline for the characterization of TNTs (or TNT-like structures) in cell culture. Specifically, optimized protocols to (1) identify TNTs and the cytoskeletal elements present inside them; (2) evaluate TNT frequency in cell culture; (3) unambiguously distinguish them from other cellular connections or protrusions; (4) monitor their formation in living cells; (5) characterize TNTs by a micropatterning approach; and (6) investigate TNT ultrastructure by cryo-EM are provided. Finally, this article describes how to assess TNT-mediated cell-to-cell transfer of cellular components, which is a fundamental criterion for identifying functional TNTs. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Identification of tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 1: Identifying the cytoskeletal elements present in tunneling nanotubes Alternate Protocol 2: Distinguishing tunneling nanotubes from intercellular bridges formed during cell division Basic Protocol 2: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation and lifetime by live fluorescent microscopy Alternate Protocol 3: Deciphering tunneling nanotube formation using a live-compatible dye Basic Protocol 3: Assessing tunneling nanotubes functionality in intercellular transfer Alternate Protocol 4: Flow cytometry approach to quantify the rate of vesicle or mitochondria transfer Support Protocol: Controls to support TNT-mediated transfer Basic Protocol 4: Studies of tunneling nanotubes by cell micropatterning Basic Protocol 5: Characterization of the ultrastructure of tunneling nanotubes by cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sáenz-de-Santa-María
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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19
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Lucaciu SA, Leighton SE, Hauser A, Yee R, Laird DW. Diversity in connexin biology. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105263. [PMID: 37734551 PMCID: PMC10598745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 35 years ago the cell biology community was introduced to connexins as the subunit employed to assemble semicrystalline clusters of intercellular channels that had been well described morphologically as gap junctions. The decade that followed would see knowledge of the unexpectedly large 21-member human connexin family grow to reflect unique and overlapping expression patterns in all organ systems. While connexin biology initially focused on their role in constructing highly regulated intercellular channels, this was destined to change as discoveries revealed that connexin hemichannels at the cell surface had novel roles in many cell types, especially when considering connexin pathologies. Acceptance of connexins as having bifunctional channel properties was initially met with some resistance, which has given way in recent years to the premise that connexins have multifunctional properties. Depending on the connexin isoform and cell of origin, connexins have wide-ranging half-lives that vary from a couple of hours to the life expectancy of the cell. Diversity in connexin channel characteristics and molecular properties were further revealed by X-ray crystallography and single-particle cryo-EM. New avenues have seen connexins or connexin fragments playing roles in cell adhesion, tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, mitochondrial membranes, transcription regulation, and in other emerging cellular functions. These discoveries were largely linked to Cx43, which is prominent in most human organs. Here, we will review the evolution of knowledge on connexin expression in human adults and more recent evidence linking connexins to a highly diverse array of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu A Lucaciu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Leighton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Hauser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Yee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Guo X, Can C, Liu W, Wei Y, Yang X, Liu J, Jia H, Jia W, Wu H, Ma D. Mitochondrial transfer in hematological malignancies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 37798791 PMCID: PMC10557299 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are energy-generated organelles and take an important part in biological metabolism. Mitochondria could be transferred between cells, which serves as a new intercellular communication. Mitochondrial transfer improves mitochondrial defects, restores the biological functions of recipient cells, and maintains the high metabolic requirements of tumor cells as well as drug resistance. In recent years, it has been reported mitochondrial transfer between cells of bone marrow microenvironment and hematological malignant cells play a critical role in the disease progression and resistance during chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the patterns and mechanisms on mitochondrial transfer and their engagement in different pathophysiological contexts and outline the latest knowledge on intercellular transport of mitochondria in hematological malignancies. Besides, we briefly outline the drug resistance mechanisms caused by mitochondrial transfer in cells during chemotherapy. Our review demonstrates a theoretical basis for mitochondrial transfer as a prospective therapeutic target to increase the treatment efficiency in hematological malignancies and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Can Can
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yihong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hexiao Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Jia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hanyang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, P.R. China.
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21
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Dagar S, Subramaniam S. Tunneling Nanotube: An Enticing Cell-Cell Communication in the Nervous System. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1288. [PMID: 37886998 PMCID: PMC10604474 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The field of neuroscience is rapidly progressing, continuously uncovering new insights and discoveries. Among the areas that have shown immense potential in research, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a promising subject of study. These minute structures act as conduits for the transfer of cellular materials between cells, representing a mechanism of communication that holds great significance. In particular, the interplay facilitated by TNTs among various cell types within the brain, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, glial cells, and microglia, can be essential for the normal development and optimal functioning of this complex organ. The involvement of TNTs in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease, has attracted significant attention. These disorders are characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons and the subsequent decline in brain function. Studies have predicted that TNTs likely play critical roles in the propagation and spread of pathological factors, contributing to the advancement of these diseases. Thus, there is a growing interest in understanding the precise functions and mechanisms of TNTs within the nervous system. This review article, based on our recent work on Rhes-mediated TNTs, aims to explore the functions of TNTs within the brain and investigate their implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Using the knowledge gained from studying TNTs could offer novel opportunities for designing targeted treatments that can stop the progression of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Dagar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, 130 Scripps Way, C323, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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22
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Liu Q, Liu M, Yang T, Wang X, Cheng P, Zhou H. What can we do to optimize mitochondrial transplantation therapy for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? Mitochondrion 2023; 72:72-83. [PMID: 37549815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising solution for the heart following ischemia-reperfusion injury due to its capacity to replace damaged mitochondria and restore cardiac function. However, many barriers (such as inadequate mitochondrial internalization, poor survival of transplanted mitochondria, few mitochondria colocalized with cardiac cells) compromise the replacement of injured mitochondria with transplanted mitochondria. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize mitochondrial transplantation therapy to improve clinical effectiveness. By analogy, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is like a withered flower, it needs to absorb enough nutrients to recover and bloom. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of "nutrients" (source of exogenous mitochondria and different techniques for mitochondrial isolation), "absorption" (mitochondrial transplantation approaches, mitochondrial transplantation dose and internalization mechanism), and "flowering" (the mechanism of mitochondrial transplantation in cardioprotection) for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Comprehensive treatment area of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Duan Q, Zhang Q, Nie K, Huang R, Yang J, He P, Tie Z, Huang H, Ma G, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wang L. Myo1d promotes alpha-synuclein transfer from brain microvascular endothelial cells to pericytes through tunneling nanotubes. iScience 2023; 26:107458. [PMID: 37575183 PMCID: PMC10416064 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein preformed fibrils (α-syn PFF) in the blood can cross the blood-brain barrier and invade the central nervous system. Our previous study proved that α-syn PFF can be taken up by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs). Here, we found that α-syn PFF spread from BMVECs to pericytes with the highest transmission efficiency. We observed abundant tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) connecting BMVECs and pericytes, and α-syn PFF transmitted through these TNTs. Furthermore, α-syn PFF accumulation in BMVECs did not promote TNT formation, but activated the molecular motor Myo1d. Inhibition of Myo1d prevented α-syn PFF transfer from BMVECs to pericytes and decreased the colocalization of Myo1d and F-actin in BMVECs. In summary, we are the first to demonstrate that α-syn PFF spread from BMVECs to pericytes through a mechanism involving TNTs and myosin. Targeting Myo1d may be a promising approach to prevent α-syn spreading from the blood to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Duan
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zihui Tie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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24
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Yang J, Liu L, Oda Y, Wada K, Ago M, Matsuda S, Hattori M, Goto T, Ishibashi S, Kawashima-Sonoyama Y, Matsuzaki Y, Taketani T. Extracellular Vesicles and Cx43-Gap Junction Channels Are the Main Routes for Mitochondrial Transfer from Ultra-Purified Mesenchymal Stem Cells, RECs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10294. [PMID: 37373439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Their dysfunction can directly or indirectly affect cell functioning and is linked to multiple diseases. Donation of exogenous mitochondria is potentially a viable therapeutic strategy. For this, selecting appropriate donors of exogenous mitochondria is critical. We previously demonstrated that ultra-purified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RECs) have better stem cell properties and homogeneity than conventionally cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we explored the effect of contact and noncontact systems on three possible mitochondrial transfer mechanisms involving tunneling nanotubes, connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junction channels (GJCs), and extracellular vesicles (Evs). We show that Evs and Cx43-GJCs provide the main mechanism for mitochondrial transfer from RECs. Through these two critical mitochondrial transfer pathways, RECs could transfer a greater number of mitochondria into mitochondria-deficient (ρ0) cells and could significantly restore mitochondrial functional parameters. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of exosomes (EXO) on the rate of mitochondrial transfer from RECs and recovery of mitochondrial function. REC-derived EXO appeared to promote mitochondrial transfer and slightly improve the recovery of mtDNA content and oxidative phosphorylation in ρ0 cells. Thus, ultrapure, homogenous, and safe stem cell RECs could provide a potential therapeutic tool for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mako Ago
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Matsuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Miho Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukimi Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ishibashi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
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25
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Li M, Peng D, Cao H, Yang X, Li S, Qiu HJ, Li LF. The Host Cytoskeleton Functions as a Pleiotropic Scaffold: Orchestrating Regulation of the Viral Life Cycle and Mediating Host Antiviral Innate Immune Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1354. [PMID: 37376653 DOI: 10.3390/v15061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that critically depend on their hosts to initiate infection, complete replication cycles, and generate new progeny virions. To achieve these goals, viruses have evolved numerous elegant strategies to subvert and utilize different cellular machinery. The cytoskeleton is often one of the first components to be hijacked as it provides a convenient transport system for viruses to enter the cell and reach the site of replication. The cytoskeleton is an intricate network involved in controlling the cell shape, cargo transport, signal transduction, and cell division. The host cytoskeleton has complex interactions with viruses during the viral life cycle, as well as cell-to-cell transmission once the life cycle is completed. Additionally, the host also develops unique, cytoskeleton-mediated antiviral innate immune responses. These processes are also involved in pathological damages, although the comprehensive mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we briefly summarize the functions of some prominent viruses in inducing or hijacking cytoskeletal structures and the related antiviral responses in order to provide new insights into the crosstalk between the cytoskeleton and viruses, which may contribute to the design of novel antivirals targeting the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dingkun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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26
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Lampiasi N. The Migration and the Fate of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050742. [PMID: 37237554 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from dental pulp and derived from the neural crest. They can differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and nerve cells, and they play a role in tissue repair and regeneration. In fact, DPSCs, depending on the microenvironmental signals, can differentiate into odontoblasts and regenerate dentin or, when transplanted, replace/repair damaged neurons. Cell homing depends on recruitment and migration, and it is more effective and safer than cell transplantation. However, the main limitations of cell homing are the poor cell migration of MSCs and the limited information we have on the regulatory mechanism of the direct differentiation of MSCs. Different isolation methods used to recover DPSCs can yield different cell types. To date, most studies on DPSCs use the enzymatic isolation method, which prevents direct observation of cell migration. Instead, the explant method allows for the observation of single cells that can migrate at two different times and, therefore, could have different fates, for example, differentiation and self-renewal. DPSCs use mesenchymal and amoeboid migration modes with the formation of lamellipodia, filopodia and blebs, depending on the biochemical and biophysical signals of the microenvironment. Here, we present current knowledge on the possible intriguing role of cell migration, with particular attention to microenvironmental cues and mechanosensing properties, in the fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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27
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Chakraborty R, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Zurzolo C. Tunnelling nanotubes between neuronal and microglial cells allow bi-directional transfer of α-Synuclein and mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:329. [PMID: 37202391 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tunnelling Nanotubes (TNTs) facilitate contact-mediated intercellular communication over long distances. Material transfer via TNTs can range from ions and intracellular organelles to protein aggregates and pathogens. Prion-like toxic protein aggregates accumulating in several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, have been shown to spread via TNTs not only between neurons, but also between neurons-astrocytes, and neurons-pericytes, indicating the importance of TNTs in mediating neuron-glia interactions. TNT-like structures were also reported between microglia, however, their roles in neuron-microglia interaction remain elusive. In this work, we quantitatively characterise microglial TNTs and their cytoskeletal composition, and demonstrate that TNTs form between human neuronal and microglial cells. We show that α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates increase the global TNT-mediated connectivity between cells, along with the number of TNT connections per cell pair. Homotypic TNTs formed between microglial cells, and heterotypic TNTs between neuronal and microglial cells are furthermore shown to be functional, allowing movement of both α-Syn and mitochondria. Quantitative analysis shows that α-Syn aggregates are transferred predominantly from neuronal to microglial cells, possibly as a mechanism to relieve the burden of accumulated aggregates. By contrast, microglia transfer mitochondria preferably to α-Syn burdened neuronal cells over the healthy ones, likely as a potential rescue mechanism. Besides describing novel TNT-mediated communication between neuronal and microglial cells, this work allows us to better understand the cellular mechanisms of spreading neurodegenerative diseases, shedding light on the role of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranabir Chakraborty
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, Paris, France.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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28
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Watson DC, Bayik D, Storevik S, Moreino SS, Sprowls SA, Han J, Augustsson MT, Lauko A, Sravya P, Røsland GV, Troike K, Tronstad KJ, Wang S, Sarnow K, Kay K, Lunavat TR, Silver DJ, Dayal S, Joseph JV, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Ystaas LAR, Deshpande G, Guyon J, Zhou Y, Magaut CR, Seder J, Neises L, Williford SE, Meiser J, Scott AJ, Sajjakulnukit P, Mears JA, Bjerkvig R, Chakraborty A, Daubon T, Cheng F, Lyssiotis CA, Wahl DR, Hjelmeland AB, Hossain JA, Miletic H, Lathia JD. GAP43-dependent mitochondria transfer from astrocytes enhances glioblastoma tumorigenicity. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:648-664. [PMID: 37169842 PMCID: PMC10212766 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of intact mitochondria between heterogeneous cell types has been confirmed in various settings, including cancer. However, the functional implications of mitochondria transfer on tumor biology are poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria transfer is a prevalent phenomenon in glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. We identified horizontal mitochondria transfer from astrocytes as a mechanism that enhances tumorigenesis in GBM. This transfer is dependent on network-forming intercellular connections between GBM cells and astrocytes, which are facilitated by growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein involved in neuron axon regeneration and astrocyte reactivity. The acquisition of astrocyte mitochondria drives an increase in mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of metabolic pathways linked to proliferation and tumorigenicity. Functionally, uptake of astrocyte mitochondria promotes cell cycle progression to proliferative G2/M phases and enhances self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GBM. Collectively, our findings reveal a host-tumor interaction that drives proliferation and self-renewal of cancer cells, providing opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios C Watson
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Defne Bayik
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Storevik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jianhua Han
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Adam Lauko
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Palavalasa Sravya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Katie Troike
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Wang
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Kristen Kay
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taral R Lunavat
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit-West, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sahil Dayal
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Erin Mulkearns-Hubert
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Joris Guyon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, Pessac, France
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Juliana Seder
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura Neises
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jason A Mears
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Abhishek Chakraborty
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Pérez-Sala D, Pajares MA. Appraising the Role of Astrocytes as Suppliers of Neuronal Glutathione Precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098059. [PMID: 37175763 PMCID: PMC10179008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and intercellular transfer of glutathione or its precursors may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, a common hallmark of neurodegeneration. In the 1990s, several studies in the Neurobiology field led to the widely accepted notion that astrocytes produce large amounts of glutathione that serve to feed neurons with precursors for glutathione synthesis. This assumption has important implications for health and disease since a reduction in this supply from astrocytes could compromise the capacity of neurons to cope with oxidative stress. However, at first glance, this shuttling would imply a large energy expenditure to get to the same point in a nearby cell. Thus, are there additional underlying reasons for this expensive mechanism? Are neurons unable to import and/or synthesize the three non-essential amino acids that are the glutathione building blocks? The rather oxidizing extracellular environment favors the presence of cysteine (Cys) as cystine (Cis), less favorable for neuronal import. Therefore, it has also been proposed that astrocytic GSH efflux could induce a change in the redox status of the extracellular space nearby the neurons, locally lowering the Cis/Cys ratio. This astrocytic glutathione release would also increase their demand for precursors, stimulating Cis uptake, which these cells can import, further impacting the local decline of the Cis/Cys ratio, in turn, contributing to a more reduced extracellular environment and subsequently favoring neuronal Cys import. Here, we revisit the experimental evidence that led to the accepted hypothesis of astrocytes acting as suppliers of neuronal glutathione precursors, considering recent data from the Human Protein Atlas. In addition, we highlight some potential drawbacks of this hypothesis, mainly supported by heterogeneous cellular models. Finally, we outline additional and more cost-efficient possibilities by which astrocytes could support neuronal glutathione levels, including its shuttling in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Barreca M, Buttacavoli M, Di Cara G, D'Amico C, Peri E, Spanò V, Li Petri G, Barraja P, Raimondi MV, Cancemi P, Montalbano A. Exploring the anticancer activity and the mechanism of action of pyrrolomycins F obtained by microwave-assisted total synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115339. [PMID: 37054631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolomycins (PMs) are a family of naturally occurring antibiotic agents, isolated from the fermentation broth of Actinosporangium and Streptomyces species. Pursuing our studies on pyrrolomycins, we performed the total synthesis of the F-series pyrrolomycins (1-4) by microwave-assisted synthesis (MAOS), thus obtaining the title compounds in excellent yields (63-69%). Considering that there is no evidence so far of the anticancer effect of this class of compounds, we investigated PMs for their antiproliferative activity against HCT116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. PMs showed anticancer activity at submicromolar level with a minimal effect on normal epithelial cell line (hTERT RPE-1), and they were able to induce several morphological changes including elongated cells, cytoplasm vacuolization, long and thin filopodia as well as the appearance of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). These data suggest that PMs could act by impairing the cell membranes and the cytoskeleton organization, with subsequent increase of ROS generation and the activation of different forms of non-apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Buttacavoli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Cara
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Peri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Li Petri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy; Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Girolamo F, Lim YP, Virgintino D, Stonestreet BS, Chen XF. Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins Modify the Microvasculature after Exposure to Hypoxia-Ischemia and Hypoxia in Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6743. [PMID: 37047713 PMCID: PMC10094872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvasculature develops during early brain development. Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and hypoxia (H) predispose to brain injury in neonates. Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) attenuate injury to the neonatal brain after exposure to HI. However, the effects of IAIPs on the brain microvasculature after exposure to HI have not been examined in neonates. Postnatal day-7 rats were exposed to sham treatment or right carotid artery ligation and 8% oxygen for 90 min. HI comprises hypoxia (H) and ischemia to the right hemisphere (HI-right) and hypoxia to the whole body, including the left hemisphere (H-left). Human IAIPs (hIAIPs, 30 mg/kg) or placebo were injected immediately, 24 and 48 h after HI/H. The brains were analyzed 72 h after HI/H to determine the effects of hIAIPs on the microvasculature by laminin immunohistochemistry and calculation of (1) the percentage area stained by laminin, (2) cumulative microvessel length, and (3) density of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), which are sensitive indicators of the earliest phases of neo-vascularization/collateralization. hIAIPs mainly affected the percent of the laminin-stained area after HI/H, cumulative vessel length after H but not HI, and TNT density in females but not males. hIAIPs modify the effects of HI/H on the microvasculature after brain injury in neonatal rats and exhibit sex-related differential effects. Our findings suggest that treatment with hIAIPs after exposure to H and HI in neonatal rats affects the laminin content of the vessel basal lamina and angiogenic responses in a sex-related fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Girolamo
- Department of Translational Biomedicines and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI 02905, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Translational Biomedicines and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara S. Stonestreet
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Xiaodi F. Chen
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Genna A, Duran CL, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Cox D. Macrophages Promote Tumor Cell Extravasation across an Endothelial Barrier through Thin Membranous Connections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2092. [PMID: 37046751 PMCID: PMC10093384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important players involved in the progression of breast cancer, including in seeding the metastatic niche. However, the mechanism by which macrophages in the lung parenchyma interact with tumor cells in the vasculature to promote tumor cell extravasation at metastatic sites is not clear. To mimic macrophage-driven tumor cell extravasation, we used an in vitro assay (eTEM) in which an endothelial monolayer and a matrigel-coated filter separated tumor cells and macrophages from each other. The presence of macrophages promoted tumor cell extravasation, while macrophage conditioned media was insufficient to stimulate tumor cell extravasation in vitro. This finding is consistent with a requirement for direct contact between macrophages and tumor cells. We observed the presence of Thin Membranous Connections (TMCs) resembling similar structures formed between macrophages and tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes, which we previously demonstrated to be important in tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. To determine if TMCs are important for tumor cell extravasation, we used macrophages with reduced levels of endogenous M-Sec (TNFAIP2), which causes a defect in tunneling nanotube formation. As predicted, these macrophages showed reduced macrophage-tumor cell TMCs. In both, human and murine breast cancer cell lines, there was also a concomitant reduction in tumor cell extravasation in vitro when co-cultured with M-Sec deficient macrophages compared to control macrophages. We also detected TMCs formed between macrophages and tumor cells through the endothelial layer in the eTEM assay. Furthermore, tumor cells were more frequently found in pores under the endothelium that contain macrophage protrusions. To determine the role of macrophage-tumor cell TMCs in vivo, we generated an M-Sec deficient mouse. Using an in vivo model of experimental metastasis, we detected a significant reduction in the number of metastatic lesions in M-Sec deficient mice compared to wild type mice. There was no difference in the size of the metastases, consistent with a defect specific to tumor cell extravasation and not metastatic outgrowth. Additionally, with an examination of time-lapse intravital-imaging (IVI) data sets of breast cancer cell extravasation in the lungs, we could detect the presence of TMCs between extravascular macrophages and vascular tumor cells. Overall, our data indicate that macrophage TMCs play an important role in promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Genna
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dianne Cox
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Nikoo A, Roudkenar MH, Sato T, Kuwahara Y, Tomita K, Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi Z, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Roushandeh AM. Mitochondrial transfer in PC-3 cells fingerprinted in ferroptosis sensitivity: a brand new approach targeting cancer metabolism. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00896-5. [PMID: 36961656 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advancements, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with mitochondrial dysfunction being associated with cancer initiation and progression, along with chemotherapeutic resistance and ferroptotic cell death failure; however, the significance of mitochondria in various cancer types remains a matter of debate for the moment. The aim of this study is to ascertain the outcome of transferring healthy mitochondria into the aggressive and rapidly proliferating prostate cancer (PC-3) cells and afterwards evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with or without the ferroptosis inducer erastin. In this sense, normal mitochondria were first isolated from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human embryonic kidney cells and were later transferred into PC-3 cells and rhodamine 6G-treated PC-3 cells exhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Next, cell proliferation and sensitivity to cisplatin were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 and the Malondialdehyde Assay Lipid Peroxidation Kit, respectively, along with ferroptotic damage. Transferring the healthy mitochondria into PC-3 cells was observed to increase cell proliferation and rescue the cisplatin-induced cell death, but not the erastin-induced ferroptosis, as in mitochondrial transfer effectively enhanced erastin-mediated ferroptosis in PC-3 cells. Hence, the introduction of healthy mitochondria into the highly aggressive and proliferating cancer cells would be deemed a brand new therapeutic strategy for a variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirsadegh Nikoo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Zahra Pourmohammadi-Bejarpasi
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Yang J, Liu L, Oda Y, Wada K, Ago M, Matsuda S, Hattori M, Goto T, Kawashima Y, Matsuzaki Y, Taketani T. Highly-purified rapidly expanding clones, RECs, are superior for functional-mitochondrial transfer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 36927781 PMCID: PMC10022310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA, which codes for mitochondrial components, are known to be associated with various genetic and congenital disorders. These mitochondrial disorders not only impair energy production but also affect mitochondrial functions and have no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to damaged sites and carry out mitochondrial transfer. MSCs grown using conventional culture methods exhibit heterogeneous cellular characteristics. In contrast, highly purified MSCs, namely the rapidly expanding clones (RECs) isolated by single-cell sorting, display uniform MSCs functionality. Therefore, we examined the differences between RECs and MSCs to assess the efficacy of mitochondrial transfer. METHODS We established mitochondria-deficient cell lines (ρ0 A549 and ρ0 HeLa cell lines) using ethidium bromide. Mitochondrial transfer from RECs/MSCs to ρ0 cells was confirmed by PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We examined several mitochondrial functions including ATP, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). The route of mitochondrial transfer was identified using inhibition assays for microtubules/tunneling nanotubes, gap junctions, or microvesicles using transwell assay and molecular inhibitors. RESULTS Co-culture of ρ0 cells with MSCs or RECs led to restoration of the mtDNA content. RECs transferred more mitochondria to ρ0 cells compared to that by MSCs. The recovery of mitochondrial function, including ATP, OCR, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial swelling in ρ0 cells co-cultured with RECs was superior than that in cells co-cultured with MSCs. Inhibition assays for each pathway revealed that RECs were sensitive to endocytosis inhibitor, dynasore. CONCLUSIONS RECs might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction by donating healthy mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.,Faculty of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yasuaki Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mako Ago
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Matsuda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Miho Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukimi Goto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030651. [PMID: 36978899 PMCID: PMC10044767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a progressive decline in the physical function of the organism and an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks of the aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss of proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, and (ix) altered cellular communication. All these alterations have been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, and these mechanisms contribute to the aging process in timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to the aging process. Mitochondria is the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the aging process, there is a decline in ATP production and elevated ROS production together with a decline in the antioxidant defense. Elevated ROS levels can cause oxidative stress and severe damage to the cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, and proteins. This damage contributes to the aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms of aging with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.
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Genna A, Duran CL, Entenberg D, Condeelis J, Cox D. Macrophages Promote Tumor Cell Extravasation across an Endothelial Barrier through Thin Membranous Connections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528161. [PMID: 36824832 PMCID: PMC9948990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important players involved in the progression of breast cancer, including in seeding the metastatic niche. However, the mechanism by which macrophages in the lung parenchyma interact with tumor cells in the vasculature to promote tumor cell extravasation at metastatic sites is not clear. To mimic macrophage-driven tumor cell extravasation, we used an in vitro assay (eTEM) in which an endothelial monolayer and a matrigel-coated filter separated tumor cells and macrophages from each other. The presence of macrophages promoted tumor cell extravasation while macrophage conditioned media was insufficient to stimulate tumor cell extravasation in vitro . This finding is consistent with a requirement for direct contact between macrophages and tumor cells. We observed the presence of Thin Membranous Connections (TMCs) resembling similar structures formed between macrophages and tumor cells called tunneling nanotubes which we previously demonstrated to be important in tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo (Hanna 2019). To determine if TMCs are important for tumor cell extravasation, we used macrophages with reduced levels of endogenous M-Sec (TNFAIP2), which causes a defect in tunneling nanotube formation. As predicted, these macrophages showed reduced macrophage-tumor cell TMCs. In both, human and murine breast cancer cell lines, there was also a concomitant reduction in tumor cell extravasation in vitro when co-cultured with M-Sec deficient macrophages compared to control macrophages. We also detected TMCs formed between macrophages and tumor cells through the endothelial layer in the eTEM assay. Furthermore, tumor cells were more frequently found in pores under the endothelium that contain macrophage protrusions. To determine the role of macrophage-tumor cell TMCs in vivo , we generated an M-Sec deficient mouse. Using an in vivo model of experimental metastasis, we detected a significant reduction in the number of metastatic lesions in M-Sec deficient mice compared to wild type mice. There was no difference in the size of the metastases, consistent with a defect specific to tumor cell extravasation and not metastatic outgrowth. Additionally, examination of time-lapse intravital-imaging (IVI) data sets of breast cancer cell extravasation in the lung, we could detect the presence of TMCs between extravascular macrophages and vascular tumor cells. Overall, our data indicate that macrophage TMCs play an important role in promoting the extravasation of circulating tumor cells in the lung.
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Jahnke R, Matthiesen S, Zaeck LM, Finke S, Knittler MR. Chlamydia trachomatis Cell-to-Cell Spread through Tunneling Nanotubes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0281722. [PMID: 36219107 PMCID: PMC9769577 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02817-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are transient cellular connections that consist of dynamic membrane protrusions. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and mediate the intercellular exchanges of molecules and organelles. TNTs can form between different cell types and may contribute to the spread of pathogens by serving as cytoplasmic corridors. We demonstrate that Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis-infected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and other cells form TNT-like structures through which reticulate bodies (RBs) pass into uninfected cells. Observed TNTs have a life span of 1 to 5 h and contain microtubules, which are essential for chlamydial transfer. They can bridge distances of up to 50 μm between connecting neighboring cells. Consistent with the biological role for TNTs, we show that C. trachomatis spread also occurs under conditions in which the extracellular route of chlamydial entry into host cells is blocked. Based on our findings, we propose that TNTs play a critical role in the direct, cell-to-cell transmission of chlamydia. IMPORTANCE Intracellular bacterial pathogens often undergo a life cycle in which they parasitize infected host cells in membranous vacuoles. Two pathways have been described by which chlamydia can exit infected host cells: lytic cell destruction or exit via extrusion formation. Whether direct, cell-to-cell contact may also play a role in the spread of infection is unknown. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) interconnect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells to mediate efficient communication and the exchange of material between them. We used Chlamydia trachomatis and immortalized cells to analyze whether TNTs mediate bacterial transmission from an infected donor to uninfected acceptor cells. We show that chlamydia-infected cells build TNTs through which the intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs) of the chlamydia can pass into uninfected neighboring cells. Our study contributes to the understanding of the function of TNTs in the cell-to-cell transmission of intracellular pathogens and provides new insights into the strategies by which chlamydia spreads among multicellular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Jahnke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Svea Matthiesen
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael R. Knittler
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
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Resnik N, Baraga D, Glažar P, Jokhadar Zemljič Š, Derganc J, Sepčić K, Veranič P, Kreft ME. Molecular, morphological and functional properties of tunnelling nanotubes between normal and cancer urothelial cells: New insights from the in vitro model mimicking the situation after surgical removal of the urothelial tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934684. [PMID: 36601539 PMCID: PMC9806176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) are membranous connections that represent a unique type of intercellular communication in different cell types. They are associated with cell physiology and cancer pathology. The possible existence of tunnelling nanotubes communication between urothelial cancer and normal cells has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we analyzed TNTs formed by T24 cells (human invasive cancer urothelial cells) and normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells, which serve as surrogate models for healthy human urothelial cells. Monocultures and cocultures of NPU and T24 cells were established and analyzed using live-cell imaging, optical tweezers, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. TNTs of NPU cells differed significantly from tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells in number, length, diameter, lipid composition, and elastic properties. Membrane domains enriched in cholesterol/sphingomyelin were present in tunnelling nanotubes of T24 cells but not in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes in T24 cells were also easier to bend than the tunnelling nanotubes in NPU cells. The tunnelling nanotubes of both cell types were predominantly tricytoskeletal, and contained actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, as well as the motor proteins myosin Va, dynein, and kinesin 5B. Mitochondria were transported within tunnelling nanotubes in living cells, and were colocalized with microtubules and the microtubule-associated protein dynamin 2. In cocultures, heterocellular tunnelling nanotubes were formed between NPU cells and T24 cells and vice versa. The presence of connexin 43 at the end of urothelial tunnelling nanotubes suggests a junctional connection and the involvement of tunnelling nanotube in signal transduction. In this study, we established a novel urothelial cancer-normal coculture model and showed cells in the minority tend to form tunnelling nanotubes with cells in the majority. The condition with cancer cells in the minority is an attractive model to mimic the situation after surgical resection with remaining cancer cells and may help to understand cancer progression and recurrence. Our results shed light on the biological activity of tunnelling nanotubes and have the potential to advance the search for anticancer drugs that target tunnelling nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diana Baraga
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Glažar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Jokhadar Zemljič
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Mateja Erdani Kreft,
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Role of Tunneling Nanotubes in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012545. [PMID: 36293396 PMCID: PMC9604327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication and the transfer of information from one cell to another is crucial for cell viability and homeostasis. During the last decade, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted scientific attention, not only as a means of direct intercellular communication, but also as a possible system to transport biological cargo between distant cells. Peculiar TNT characteristics make them both able to increase cellular survival capacities, as well as a potential target of neurodegenerative disease progression. Despite TNT formation having been documented in a number of cell types, the exact mechanisms triggering their formation are still not completely known. In this review, we will summarize and highlight those studies focusing on TNT formation in the nervous system, as well as their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we aim to stress some possible mechanisms and important proteins probably involved in TNT formation in the nervous system.
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Tozzi A, Mariniello L. Unusual Mathematical Approaches Untangle Nervous Dynamics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102581. [PMID: 36289843 PMCID: PMC9599563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The massive amount of available neurodata suggests the existence of a mathematical backbone underlying neuronal oscillatory activities. For example, geometric constraints are powerful enough to define cellular distribution and drive the embryonal development of the central nervous system. We aim to elucidate whether underrated notions from geometry, topology, group theory and category theory can assess neuronal issues and provide experimentally testable hypotheses. The Monge’s theorem might contribute to our visual ability of depth perception and the brain connectome can be tackled in terms of tunnelling nanotubes. The multisynaptic ascending fibers connecting the peripheral receptors to the neocortical areas can be assessed in terms of knot theory/braid groups. Presheaves from category theory permit the tackling of nervous phase spaces in terms of the theory of infinity categories, highlighting an approach based on equivalence rather than equality. Further, the physical concepts of soft-matter polymers and nematic colloids might shed new light on neurulation in mammalian embryos. Hidden, unexpected multidisciplinary relationships can be found when mathematics copes with neural phenomena, leading to novel answers for everlasting neuroscientific questions. For instance, our framework leads to the conjecture that the development of the nervous system might be correlated with the occurrence of local thermal changes in embryo–fetal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Tozzi
- Center for Nonlinear Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucio Mariniello
- Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Huang L, Zhang J, Wu Z, Zhou L, Yu B, Jing Y, Lin D, Qu J. Revealing the structure and organization of intercellular tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) by STORM imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4258-4262. [PMID: 36321151 PMCID: PMC9552758 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are nanoscale, actin-rich, transient intercellular tubes for cell-to-cell communication, which transport various cargoes between distant cells. The structural complexity and spatial organization of the involved components of TNTs remain unknown. In this work, the STORM super-resolution imaging technique was applied to elucidate the structural organization of microfilaments and microtubules in intercellular TNTs at the nanometer scale. Our results reveal different distributions of microfilaments and intertwined structures of microtubules in TNTs, which promote the knowledge of TNT communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Zekai Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Danying Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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Intercellular communication in the tumour microecosystem: Mediators and therapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166528. [PMID: 36007784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common tumours worldwide, is one of the main causes of mortality in cancer patients. There are still numerous problems hindering its early diagnosis, which lead to late patients receiving treatment, and these problems need to be solved urgently. The tumour microecosystem is a complex network system comprising seven parts: the hypoxia niche, immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, mechanical microenvironment, and microbial microenvironment. Intercellular communication is divided into direct contact and indirect communication. Direct contact communication includes gap junctions, tunneling nanotubes, and receptor-ligand interactions, whereas indirect communication includes exosomes, apoptotic vesicles, and soluble factors. Mechanical communication and cytoplasmic exchange are further means of intercellular communication. Intercellular communication mediates the crosstalk between the tumour microecosystem and the host as well as that between cells and cell-free components in the tumour microecosystem, causing changes in the tumour hallmarks of the HCC microecosystem such as changes in tumour proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammatory response, gene mutation, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we review the role of the above-mentioned intercellular communication in the HCC microecosystem and discuss the advantages of targeted intercellular communication in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Finally, the current problems and prospects are discussed.
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells, Obesity and the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163908. [PMID: 36010901 PMCID: PMC9405791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adipose tissue is the major microenvironment of breast cancer. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs/MSCs) are key players in adipose tissue. ASCs/MSCs, particularly in the obese state, are critical in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and promoting breast cancer progression. In this review, we have addressed the impact of obesity on ASCs/MSCs, summarized the crosstalk between ASCs/MSCs and breast cancer cells, discussed related molecular mechanisms, and highlighted related research perspectives. Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a common cause of cancer-related death in women. It is well recognized that obesity is associated with an enhanced risk of more aggressive breast cancer as well as reduced patient survival. Adipose tissue is the major microenvironment of breast cancer. Obesity changes the composition, structure, and function of adipose tissue, which is associated with inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Interestingly, adipose tissue is rich in ASCs/MSCs, and obesity alters the properties and functions of these cells. As a key component of the mammary stroma, ASCs play essential roles in the breast cancer microenvironment. The crosstalk between ASCs and breast cancer cells is multilateral and can occur both directly through cell–cell contact and indirectly via the secretome released by ASC/MSC, which is considered to be the main effector of their supportive, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory functions. In this narrative review, we aim to address the impact of obesity on ASCs/MSCs, summarize the current knowledge regarding the potential pathological roles of ASCs/MSCs in the development of breast cancer, discuss related molecular mechanisms, underline the possible clinical significance, and highlight related research perspectives. In particular, we underscore the roles of ASCs/MSCs in breast cancer cell progression, including proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell development, immune evasion, therapy resistance, and the potential impact of breast cancer cells on ASCS/MSCs by educating them to become cancer-associated fibroblasts. We conclude that ASCs/MSCs, especially obese ASCs/MSCs, may be key players in the breast cancer microenvironment. Targeting these cells may provide a new path of effective breast cancer treatment.
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Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
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Pepe A, Pietropaoli S, Vos M, Barba-Spaeth G, Zurzolo C. Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0171. [PMID: 35857849 PMCID: PMC9299553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represent a major issue in long coronavirus disease. How SARS-CoV-2 gains access to the brain and how infection leads to neurological symptoms are not clear because the principal means of viral entry by endocytosis, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, are barely detectable in the brain. We report that human neuronal cells, nonpermissive to infection through the endocytic pathway, can be infected when cocultured with permissive infected epithelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 induces the formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and exploits this route to spread to uninfected cells. In cellulo correlative fluorescence and cryo-electron tomography reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with TNTs between permissive cells. Furthermore, multiple vesicular structures such as double-membrane vesicles, sites of viral replication, are observed inside TNTs between permissive and nonpermissive cells. Our data highlight a previously unknown mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 spreading, likely used as a route to invade nonpermissive cells and potentiate infection in permissive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pepe
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Pietropaoli
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Catalent Pharma Solutions, Strada Provinciale 12 Casilina, 41, 03012 Anagni, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Matthijn Vos
- Plateforme Technologique Nanoimagerie Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Barba-Spaeth
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3569 Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3691, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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Role of pericytes in blood-brain barrier preservation during ischemia through tunneling nanotubes. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:582. [PMID: 35790716 PMCID: PMC9256725 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk mechanisms between pericytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes preserve integrity and function of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions. Long intercellular channels allowing the transfer of small molecules and organelles between distant cells called tunneling nanotubes (TNT) represent a potential substrate for energy and matter exchanges between the tripartite cellular compartments of the BBB. However, the role of TNT across BBB cells under physiological conditions and in the course of BBB dysfunction is unknown. In this work, we analyzed the TNT's role in the functional dialog between human brain endothelial cells, and brain pericytes co-cultured with human astrocytes under normal conditions or after exposure to ischemia/reperfusion, a condition in which BBB breakdown occurs, and pericytes participate in the BBB repair. Using live time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that astrocytes form long TNT with pericytes and endothelial cells and receive functional mitochondria from both cell types through this mechanism. The mitochondrial transfer also occurred in multicellular assembloids of human BBB that reproduce the three-dimensional architecture of the BBB. Under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion, TNT formation is upregulated, and astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation were rescued from apoptosis by healthy pericytes through TNT-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria, an effect that was virtually abolished in the presence of TNT-destroying drugs. The results establish a functional role of TNT in the crosstalk between BBB cells and demonstrate that TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer from pericytes rescues astrocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Our data confirm that the pericytes might play a pivotal role in preserving the structural and functional integrity of BBB under physiological conditions and participate in BBB repair in brain diseases.
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Cruz JVR, Batista C, Afonso BDH, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Dubois LG, Pontes B, Moura Neto V, Mendes FDA. Obstacles to Glioblastoma Treatment Two Decades after Temozolomide. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133203. [PMID: 35804976 PMCID: PMC9265128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of 15 months. Treatment is surgical removal, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Current chemotherapeutics do not kill all the tumor cells and some cells survive, leading to the appearance of a new tumor resistant to the treatment. These treatment-resistant cells are called tumor stem cells. In addition, glioblastoma cells have a high capacity for migration, forming new tumors in areas distant from the original tumor. Studies are now focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and controlling drug entry into the brain to improve drug performance. Another promising therapeutic approach is the use of viruses that specifically destroy glioblastoma cells, preserving the neural tissue around the tumor. In this review, we summarize the main biological features of glioblastoma and the therapeutic targets that are currently under study for new clinical trials. Abstract Glioblastomas are considered the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with an average of 15 months’ survival rate. The treatment is surgery resection, followed by chemotherapy with temozolomide, and/or radiotherapy. Glioblastoma must have wild-type IDH gene and some characteristics, such as TERT promoter mutation, EGFR gene amplification, microvascular proliferation, among others. Glioblastomas have great heterogeneity at cellular and molecular levels, presenting distinct phenotypes and diversified molecular signatures in each tumor mass, making it difficult to define a specific therapeutic target. It is believed that the main responsibility for the emerge of these distinct patterns lies in subcellular populations of tumor stem cells, capable of tumor initiation and asymmetric division. Studies are now focused on understanding molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment, due to hypoxic and necrotic areas, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix remodeling, and in controlling blood brain barrier permeabilization to improve drug delivery. Another promising therapeutic approach is the use of oncolytic viruses that are able to destroy specifically glioblastoma cells, preserving the neural tissue around the tumor. In this review, we summarize the main biological characteristics of glioblastoma and the cutting-edge therapeutic targets that are currently under study for promising new clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Roza Cruz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Carolina Batista
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Bernardo de Holanda Afonso
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Maceio 57072-970, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- UFRJ Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rodovia Washington Luiz, n. 19.593, km 104.5, Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxias 25240-005, Brazil;
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Vivaldo Moura Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil; (J.V.R.C.); (C.B.); (B.d.H.A.); (B.P.); (V.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Eugenin E, Camporesi E, Peracchia C. Direct Cell-Cell Communication via Membrane Pores, Gap Junction Channels, and Tunneling Nanotubes: Medical Relevance of Mitochondrial Exchange. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6133. [PMID: 35682809 PMCID: PMC9181466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of direct cell-cell communication has evolved in several small steps. First discovered in the 1930s in invertebrate nervous systems, it was thought at first to be an exception to the "cell theory", restricted to invertebrates. Surprisingly, however, in the 1950s, electrical cell-cell communication was also reported in vertebrates. Once more, it was thought to be an exception restricted to excitable cells. In contrast, in the mid-1960s, two startling publications proved that virtually all cells freely exchange small neutral and charged molecules. Soon after, cell-cell communication by gap junction channels was reported. While gap junctions are the major means of cell-cell communication, in the early 1980s, evidence surfaced that some cells might also communicate via membrane pores. Questions were raised about the possible artifactual nature of the pores. However, early in this century, we learned that communication via membrane pores exists and plays a major role in medicine, as the structures involved, "tunneling nanotubes", can rescue diseased cells by directly transferring healthy mitochondria into compromised cells and tissues. On the other hand, pathogens/cancer could also use these communication systems to amplify pathogenesis. Here, we describe the evolution of the discovery of these new communication systems and the potential therapeutic impact on several uncurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Enrico Camporesi
- Department of Surgery and TEAM Health Anesthesia, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Camillo Peracchia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
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Kit O, Frantsiyants E, Neskubina I, Shikhlyarova A, Kaplieva I. Mitochondrial therapy: a vision of the outlooks for treatment of main twenty-first-century diseases. CARDIOMETRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles which constantly change their shape, size, and location within the cells. Mitochondrial dynamics is associated with mesenchymal metabolism or epithelial-mesenchymal transition to regulate the stem cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The transfer of mitochondria from one cell to another is necessary to improve and maintain homeostasis in an organism. Mitochondrial transplantation is a therapeutic approach that involves an introduction of healthy mitochondria into damaged organs. Recent evidence data have shown that the physiological properties of healthy mitochondria provide their ability to replace damaged mitochondria, with suggesting that replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria may protect cells from further damage. Moreover, mitochondria can also be actively released into the extracellular space and potentially be transferred between the cells in the central nervous system. This increased interest in mitochondrial therapy calls for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, which build the basis for mitochondrial transfer, uptake, and cellular defense. In this review, questions related to the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of cancer will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid to mitochondrial transplantation as a therapeutic approach to treat the mitochondrial dysfunction under some pathological conditions.
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Couteaudier M, Montange T, Njouom R, Bilounga-Ndongo C, Gessain A, Buseyne F. Plasma antibodies from humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy virus do not inhibit cell-to-cell transmission of the virus despite binding to the surface of infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010470. [PMID: 35605011 PMCID: PMC9166401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic simian foamy viruses (SFV) establish lifelong infection in their human hosts. Despite repeated transmission of SFV from nonhuman primates to humans, neither transmission between human hosts nor severe clinical manifestations have been reported. We aim to study the immune responses elicited by chronic infection with this retrovirus and previously reported that SFV-infected individuals generate potent neutralizing antibodies that block cell infection by viral particles. Here, we assessed whether human plasma antibodies block SFV cell-to-cell transmission and present the first description of cell-to-cell spreading of zoonotic gorilla SFV. We set-up a microtitration assay to quantify the ability of plasma samples from 20 Central African individuals infected with gorilla SFV and 9 uninfected controls to block cell-associated transmission of zoonotic gorilla SFV strains. We used flow-based cell cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to study envelope protein (Env) localization and the capacity of plasma antibodies to bind to infected cells. We visualized the cell-to-cell spread of SFV by real-time live imaging of a GFP-expressing prototype foamy virus (CI-PFV) strain. None of the samples neutralized cell-associated SFV infection, despite the inhibition of cell-free virus. We detected gorilla SFV Env in the perinuclear region, cytoplasmic vesicles and at the cell surface. We found that plasma antibodies bind to Env located at the surface of cells infected with primary gorilla SFV strains. Extracellular labeling of SFV proteins by human plasma samples showed patchy staining at the base of the cell and dense continuous staining at the cell apex, as well as staining in the intercellular connections that formed when previously connected cells separated from each other. In conclusion, SFV-specific antibodies from infected humans do not block cell-to-cell transmission, at least in vitro, despite their capacity to bind to the surface of infected cells. Trial registration: Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03225794/. Foamy viruses are the oldest known retroviruses and have been mostly described to be nonpathogenic in their natural animal hosts. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) can be transmitted to humans, in whom they establish persistent infection, as have the simian viruses that led to the emergence of two major human pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Such cross-species transmission of SFV is ongoing in many parts of the world where humans have contact with nonhuman primates. We previously showed high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of most SFV-infected individuals. These antiviral antibodies can inhibit cell-free virus entry. However, SFV efficiently spread from one cell to another. Here, we demonstrate that plasma antibodies do not block such cell-to-cell transmission, despite their capacity to bind to the surface of infected cells. In addition, we document for the first time the cell-to-cell spread of primary zoonotic gorilla SFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Couteaudier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Montange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Buseyne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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