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Nani JV, Muotri AR, Hayashi MAF. Peering into the mind: unraveling schizophrenia's secrets using models. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02728-w. [PMID: 39245692 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, including positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive impairments. Despite the extensive research, the underlying neurobiology of SCZ remain elusive. To overcome this challenge, the use of diverse laboratory modeling techniques, encompassing cellular and animal models, and innovative approaches like induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal cultures or brain organoids and genetically engineered animal models, has been crucial. Immortalized cellular models provide controlled environments for investigating the molecular and neurochemical pathways involved in neuronal function, while iPSCs and brain organoids, derived from patient-specific sources, offer significant advantage in translational research by facilitating direct comparisons of cellular phenotypes between patient-derived neurons and healthy-control neurons. Animal models can recapitulate the different psychopathological aspects that should be modeled, offering valuable insights into the neurobiology of SCZ. In addition, invertebrates' models are genetically tractable and offer a powerful approach to dissect the core genetic underpinnings of SCZ, while vertebrate models, especially mammals, with their more complex nervous systems and behavioral repertoire, provide a closer approximation of the human condition to study SCZ-related traits. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse modeling approaches, critically evaluating their strengths and limitations. By synthesizing knowledge from these models, this review offers a valuable source for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders alike. Integrating findings across these different models may allow us to build a more holistic picture of SCZ pathophysiology, facilitating the exploration of new research avenues and informed decision-making for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Nani
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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2
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Xie Y, Cao J, Gan S, Xu L, Zhang D, Qian S, Xu F, Ding Q, Schoggins JW, Fan W. TRIM32 inhibits Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infection by targeting a late step in viral entry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597282. [PMID: 38895352 PMCID: PMC11185716 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are mosquito borne RNA viruses that are a reemerging public health threat. Alphaviruses have a broad host range, and can cause diverse disease outcomes like arthritis, and encephalitis. The host ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays critical roles in regulating cellular processes to control the infections with various viruses, including alphaviruses. Previous studies suggest alphaviruses hijack UPS for virus infection, but the molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In addition, whether certain E3 ubiquitin ligases or deubiquitinases act as alphavirus restriction factors remains poorly understood. Here, we employed a cDNA expression screen to identify E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 as a novel intrinsic restriction factor against alphavirus infection, including VEEV-TC83, SINV, and ONNV. Ectopic expression of TRIM32 reduces alphavirus infection, whereas depletion of TRIM32 with CRISPR-Cas9 increases infection. We demonstrate that TRIM32 inhibits alphaviruses through a mechanism that is independent of the TRIM32-STING-IFN axis. Combining reverse genetics and biochemical assays, we found that TRIM32 interferes with genome translation after membrane fusion, prior to replication of the incoming viral genome. Furthermore, our data indicate that the monoubiquitination of TRIM32 is important for its antiviral activity. Notably, we also show two TRIM32 pathogenic mutants R394H and D487N, related to Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), have a loss of antiviral activity against VEEV-TC83. Collectively, these results reveal that TRIM32 acts as a novel intrinsic restriction factor suppressing alphavirus infection and provides insights into the interaction between alphaviruses and the host UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Gan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdong Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- School of Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenchun Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Wu D, Khan FA, Zhang K, Pandupuspitasari NS, Negara W, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. Retinoic acid signaling in development and differentiation commitment and its regulatory topology. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110773. [PMID: 37977248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the derivative of vitamin A/retinol, is a signaling molecule with important implications in health and disease. It is a well-known developmental morphogen that functions mainly through the transcriptional activity of nuclear RA receptors (RARs) and, uncommonly, through other nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Intracellular RA is under spatiotemporally fine-tuned regulation by synthesis and degradation processes catalyzed by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases and P450 family enzymes, respectively. In addition to dictating the transcription architecture, RA also impinges on cell functioning through non-genomic mechanisms independent of RAR transcriptional activity. Although RA-based differentiation therapy has achieved impressive success in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, RA also has pro-tumor activity. Here, we highlight the relevance of RA signaling in cell-fate determination, neurogenesis, visual function, inflammatory responses and gametogenesis commitment. Genetic and post-translational modifications of RAR are also discussed. A better understanding of RA signaling will foster the development of precision medicine to improve the defects caused by deregulated RA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | | | - Windu Negara
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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4
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Dudley-Fraser J, Rittinger K. It's a TRIM-endous view from the top: the varied roles of TRIpartite Motif proteins in brain development and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1287257. [PMID: 38115822 PMCID: PMC10728303 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1287257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family members have been implicated in a multitude of physiologies and pathologies in different tissues. With diverse functions in cellular processes including regulation of signaling pathways, protein degradation, and transcriptional control, the impact of TRIM dysregulation can be multifaceted and complex. Here, we focus on the cellular and molecular roles of TRIMs identified in the brain in the context of a selection of pathologies including cancer and neurodegeneration. By examining each disease in parallel with described roles in brain development, we aim to highlight fundamental common mechanisms employed by TRIM proteins and identify opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Dudley-Fraser
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Gu J, Chen J, Xiang S, Zhou X, Li J. Intricate confrontation: Research progress and application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immune escape. J Adv Res 2023; 54:147-179. [PMID: 36736694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have more than 80 members and are widely found in various eukaryotic cells. Most TRIM family proteins participate in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system as E3-ubiquitin ligases; therefore, they play pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including tumor immune escape. Due to the diversity of functional domains of TRIM family proteins, they can extensively participate in multiple signaling pathways of tumor immune escape through different substrates. In current research and clinical contexts, immune escape has become an urgent problem. The extensive participation of TRIM family proteins in curing tumors or preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis makes them promising targets. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of the review is to make up for the gap in the current research on TRIM family proteins and tumor immune escape and propose future development directions according to the current progress and problems. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This up-to-date review summarizes the characteristics and biological functions of TRIM family proteins, discusses the mechanisms of TRIM family proteins involved in tumor immune escape, and highlights the specific mechanism from the level of structure-function-molecule-pathway-phenotype, including mechanisms at the level of protein domains and functions, at the level of molecules and signaling pathways, and at the level of cells and microenvironments. We also discuss the application potential of TRIM family proteins in tumor immunotherapy, such as possible treatment strategies for combination targeting TRIM family protein drugs and checkpoint inhibitors for improving cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuaixi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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6
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Jeong SY, Choi JH, Kim J, Woo JS, Lee EH. Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 32 (TRIM32): What Does It Do for Skeletal Muscle? Cells 2023; 12:2104. [PMID: 37626915 PMCID: PMC10453674 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is a member of the tripartite motif family and is highly conserved from flies to humans. Via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM32 mediates and regulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as growth, differentiation, muscle regeneration, immunity, and carcinogenesis. TRIM32 plays multifunctional roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle. Genetic variations in the TRIM32 gene are associated with skeletal muscular dystrophies in humans, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). LGMD2H-causing genetic variations of TRIM32 occur most frequently in the C-terminal NHL (ncl-1, HT2A, and lin-41) repeats of TRIM32. LGMD2H is characterized by skeletal muscle dystrophy, myopathy, and atrophy. Surprisingly, most patients with LGMD2H show minimal or no dysfunction in other tissues or organs, despite the broad expression of TRIM32 in various tissues. This suggests more prominent roles for TRIM32 in skeletal muscle than in other tissues or organs. This review is focused on understanding the physiological roles of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle, the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by TRIM32 genetic variants in LGMD2H patients, and the correlations between TRIM32 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wang S, Atkinson GRS, Hayes WB. SANA: cross-species prediction of Gene Ontology GO annotations via topological network alignment. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:25. [PMID: 35859153 PMCID: PMC9300714 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological network alignment aims to align two networks node-wise in order to maximize the observed common connection (edge) topology between them. The topological alignment of two protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks should thus expose protein pairs with similar interaction partners allowing, for example, the prediction of common Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Unfortunately, no network alignment algorithm based on topology alone has been able to achieve this aim, though those that include sequence similarity have seen some success. We argue that this failure of topology alone is due to the sparsity and incompleteness of the PPI network data of almost all species, which provides the network topology with a small signal-to-noise ratio that is effectively swamped when sequence information is added to the mix. Here we show that the weak signal can be detected using multiple stochastic samples of "good" topological network alignments, which allows us to observe regions of the two networks that are robustly aligned across multiple samples. The resulting network alignment frequency (NAF) strongly correlates with GO-based Resnik semantic similarity and enables the first successful cross-species predictions of GO terms based on topology-only network alignments. Our best predictions have an AUPR of about 0.4, which is competitive with state-of-the-art algorithms, even when there is no observable sequence similarity and no known homology relationship. While our results provide only a "proof of concept" on existing network data, we hypothesize that predicting GO terms from topology-only network alignments will become increasingly practical as the volume and quality of PPI network data increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA
| | - Giles R S Atkinson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA
| | - Wayne B Hayes
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-3435, USA.
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8
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Dissecting the Functional Role of the TRIM8 Protein on Cancer Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092309. [PMID: 35565438 PMCID: PMC9099786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tripartite motif (TRIM) gene family is a large group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that can also have proteasome-independent functions. This review summarizes the structural organization, the biological functions and the mechanisms involved in cancer pathogenesis of TRIM proteins. Furthermore, this paper focuses on TRIM8, a member of the TRIM family proteins, describing its role both as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Abstract TRIM/RBCC are a large family of proteins that include more than 80 proteins, most of which act as E3 ligases and catalyze the direct transfer of Ubiquitin, SUMO and ISG15 on specific protein substrates. They are involved in oncogenesis processes and in cellular immunity. On this topic, we focus on TRIM8 and its multiple roles in tumor pathologies. TRIM8 inhibits breast cancer proliferation through the regulation of estrogen signaling. TRIM8 downregulation in glioma is involved in cell proliferation, and it is related to patients’ survival. Several studies suggested that TRIM8 regulates the p53 suppressor signaling pathway: it is involved in the NF-kB pathway (Nuclear Factor kappa light- chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and in STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) of the JAK-STAT pathway. In this review, we summarize how the association between these different pathways reflects a dual role of TRIM8 in cancer as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene.
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9
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Liu L, Liu TT, Xie GG, Zhu XQ, Wang Y. Ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 promotes dendrite arborization by mediating degradation of the epigenetic factor CDYL. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22087. [PMID: 34888944 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper dendritic morphology is fundamental to nerve signal transmission; thus, revealing the mechanism by which dendrite arborization is regulated is of great significance. Our previous studies have found that the epigenetic molecule chromodomain Y-like (CDYL) negatively regulates dendritic branching. Current research mostly focuses on the processes downstream of CDYL, whereas the upstream regulatory process has not been investigated to date. In this study, we identified an upstream regulator of CDYL, the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32), which promotes dendrite arborization by mediating the ubiquitylation and degradation of CDYL. By using mass spectrometry and biochemistry strategies, we proved that TRIM32 interacted with CDYL and mediated CDYL ubiquitylation modification in vivo and in vitro. Overexpressing TRIM32 decreased the protein level of CDYL, leading to an increase in the dendritic complexity of primary cultured rat neurons. In contrast, knocking down TRIM32 increased the protein level of CDYL and decreased the dendritic complexity. The truncated form of TRIM32 without E3 ligase activity (ΔRING) lost its ability to regulate dendritic complexity. Most importantly, knockdown of CDYL abolished the reduced complexity of dendrites caused by TRIM32 knockdown, indicating that the TRIM32-mediated regulation of dendritic development depends on its regulation of downstream CDYL. Hence, our findings reveal that TRIM32 could promote dendrite arborization by mediating CDYL degradation. This work initially defines a novel biological role of TRIM32 in regulating mechanisms upstream of CDYL and further presents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CDYL-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Guang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhu JW, Jia WQ, Zhou H, Li YF, Zou MM, Wang ZT, Wu BS, Xu RX. Deficiency of TRIM32 Impairs Motor Function and Purkinje Cells in Mid-Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:697494. [PMID: 34421574 PMCID: PMC8377415 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.697494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the cerebellum is crucial to motor balance and coordination in adult mammals. Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, play essential roles in cerebellar motor function. Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in balance activities of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the mammalian brain and in the development of many nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, the role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function has never been examined. In this study we found that motor balance and coordination of mid-aged TRIM32 deficient mice were poorer than those of wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cerebella morphology and TRIM32 expression in PCs. Golgi staining showed that the extent of dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density of PCs were decreased in the absence of TRIM32. The loss of TRIM32 was also associated with a decrease in the number of synapses between parallel fibers and PCs, and in synapses between climbing fibers and PCs. In addition, deficiency of TRIM32 decreased Type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5A) levels in cerebellum. Overall, this study is the first to elucidate a role of TRIM32 in cerebellar motor function and a possible mechanism, thereby highlighting the importance of TRIM32 in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chengdu Children Special Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Shan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhao G, Liu C, Wen X, Luan G, Xie L, Guo X. The translational values of TRIM family in pan-cancers: From functions and mechanisms to clinics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107881. [PMID: 33930453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death across the world. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family, with E3 ubiquitin ligase activities in majority of its members, is reported to be involved in multiple cellular processes and signaling pathways. TRIM proteins have critical effects in the regulation of biological behaviors of cancer cells. Here, we discussed the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRIM proteins regulation of cancer cells. We also comprehensively reviewed published studies on TRIM family members as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the oncogenesis, development, and progression of a variety of types of human cancers. Finally, we highlighted that certain TRIM family members are potential molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Gan Luan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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12
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Kaltezioti V, Foskolou IP, Lavigne MD, Ninou E, Tsampoula M, Fousteri M, Margarity M, Politis PK. Prox1 inhibits neurite outgrowth during central nervous system development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3443-3465. [PMID: 33247761 PMCID: PMC11072475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system (CNS) development, proper and timely induction of neurite elongation is critical for generating functional, mature neurons, and neuronal networks. Despite the wealth of information on the action of extracellular cues, little is known about the intrinsic gene regulatory factors that control this developmental decision. Here, we report the identification of Prox1, a homeobox transcription factor, as a key player in inhibiting neurite elongation. Although Prox1 promotes acquisition of early neuronal identity and is expressed in nascent post-mitotic neurons, it is heavily down-regulated in the majority of terminally differentiated neurons, indicating a regulatory role in delaying neurite outgrowth in newly formed neurons. Consistently, we show that Prox1 is sufficient to inhibit neurite extension in mouse and human neuroblastoma cell lines. More importantly, Prox1 overexpression suppresses neurite elongation in primary neuronal cultures as well as in the developing mouse brain, while Prox1 knock-down promotes neurite outgrowth. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis reveals that Prox1 affects critical pathways for neuronal maturation and neurite extension. Interestingly, Prox1 strongly inhibits many components of Ca2+ signaling pathway, an important mediator of neurite extension and neuronal maturation. In accordance, Prox1 represses Ca2+ entry upon KCl-mediated depolarization and reduces CREB phosphorylation. These observations suggest that Prox1 acts as a potent suppressor of neurite outgrowth by inhibiting Ca2+ signaling pathway. This action may provide the appropriate time window for nascent neurons to find the correct position in the CNS prior to initiation of neurites and axon elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kaltezioti
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosifina P Foskolou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Fousteri
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Marigoula Margarity
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Peng C, Zhao C, Wang P, Yan L, Fan S, Qiu L. TRIM9 is involved in facilitating Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection by inhibition of relish pathway in Penaeus monodon. Mol Immunol 2021; 133:77-85. [PMID: 33636432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 9 (TRIM9) has been demonstrated to exert important roles in regulation of innate immune signaling. In this study, a novel TRIM9 homolog was identified from Penaeus monodon (named PmTRIM9). The open reading frame (ORF) of PmTRIM9 was 2064 bp, which encoding a 687-amino-acid polypeptide. Following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, the expression levels of PmTRIM9 mRNA were significantly down-regulated in tested tissues. RNA interference and recombinant protein injection experiments were performed to explore the function of PmTRIM9, and the results showed it could facilitate V. parahaemolyticus replication and lead P. monodon more vulnerable to V. parahaemolyticus challenge. The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that PmTRIM9 possessed the ability to inhibit the promoter activity in HEK293 T cells. Silencing of PmTRIM9 could increase the expression of the major NF-κB transcription factor, PmRelish. Further studies showed that knockdown of PmRelish promoted the V. parahaemolyticus infection and decreased the expression of specific antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including PmCRU5, PmCRU7, PmALF6, PmALF3, PmLYZ and PmPEN5. However, knockdown of PmTRIM9 increased expression levels of the same AMPs, but except for PmCRU5, indicating that PmTRIM9 may negatively regulate the PmRelish-mediated expression of AMPs. All these results suggest that PmTRIM9 was involved in facilitating V. parahaemolyticus infection by inhibition of Relish pathway in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, China.
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14
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Whiteley AM, Prado MA, de Poot SAH, Paulo JA, Ashton M, Dominguez S, Weber M, Ngu H, Szpyt J, Jedrychowski MP, Easton A, Gygi SP, Kurz T, Monteiro MJ, Brown EJ, Finley D. Global proteomics of Ubqln2-based murine models of ALS. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100153. [PMID: 33277362 PMCID: PMC7873701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial neurodegenerative diseases commonly involve mutations that result in either aberrant proteins or dysfunctional components of the proteolytic machinery that act on aberrant proteins. UBQLN2 is a ubiquitin receptor of the UBL/UBA family that binds the proteasome through its ubiquitin-like domain and is thought to deliver ubiquitinated proteins to proteasomes for degradation. UBQLN2 mutations result in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia in humans through an unknown mechanism. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics was used to provide for the first time an unbiased and global analysis of the role of Ubqln2 in controlling the composition of the proteome. We studied several murine models of Ubqln2-linked ALS and also generated Ubqln2 null mutant mice. We identified impacts of Ubqln2 on diverse physiological pathways, most notably serotonergic signaling. Interestingly, we observed an upregulation of proteasome subunits, suggesting a compensatory response to diminished proteasome output. Among the specific proteins whose abundance is linked to UBQLN2 function, the strongest hits were the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 and two retroelement-derived proteins, PEG10 and CXX1B. Cycloheximide chase studies using induced human neurons and HEK293 cells suggested that PEG10 and TRIM32 are direct clients. Although UBQLN2 directs the degradation of multiple proteins via the proteasome, it surprisingly conferred strong protection from degradation on the Gag-like protein CXX1B, which is expressed from the same family of retroelement genes as PEG10. In summary, this study charts the proteomic landscape of ALS-related Ubqln2 mutants and identifies candidate client proteins that are altered in vivo in disease models and whose degradation is promoted by UBQLN2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marissa Ashton
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Dominguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn J Monteiro
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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15
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TRIM proteins in neuroblastoma. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221458. [PMID: 31820796 PMCID: PMC6928532 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Outcome for children with high-risk NB remains unsatisfactory. Accumulating evidence suggests that tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins express diversely in various human cancers and act as regulators of oncoproteins or tumor suppressor proteins. This review summarizes the TRIM proteins involving in NB and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We expect these new insights will provide important implications for the treatment of NB by targeting TRIM proteins.
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16
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Zhao M, Song K, Hao W, Wang L, Patil G, Li Q, Xu L, Hua F, Fu B, Schwamborn JC, Dorf ME, Li S. Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN regulates NF-κB signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:163-175. [PMID: 31504727 PMCID: PMC7181720 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling regulates diverse processes such as cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. The activity of NF-κB is controlled by methionine 1-linked linear polyubiquitin, which is assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3. Recent studies found that the deubiquitinase OTULIN breaks the linear ubiquitin chain, thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Despite the essential role of OTULIN in NF-κB signaling has been established, the regulatory mechanism for OTULIN is not well elucidated. To discover the potential regulators of OTULIN, we analyzed the OTULIN protein complex by proteomics and revealed several OTULIN-binding proteins, including LUBAC and tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32). TRIM32 is known to activate NF-κB signaling, but the mechanism is not clear. Genetic complement experiments found that TRIM32 is upstream of OTULIN and TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on OTULIN. Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain showed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation. Further experiments found that TRIM32 conjugates polyubiquitin onto OTULIN and the polyubiquitin blocks the interaction between HOIP and OTULIN, thereby activating NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which TRIM32-mediated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN impedes the access of OTULIN to the LUBAC and promotes NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Wenzhuo Hao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Girish Patil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Qingmei Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Bishi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Martin E Dorf
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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17
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Xu A, Zhang N, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, He Q, Shao X, Ying M. Post-translational modification of retinoic acid receptor alpha and its roles in tumor cell differentiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Nenasheva VV, Tarantul VZ. Many Faces of TRIM Proteins on the Road from Pluripotency to Neurogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 29:1-14. [PMID: 31686585 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins participate in numerous biological processes. They are the key players in immune system and are involved in the oncogenesis. Moreover, TRIMs are the highly conserved regulators of developmental pathways in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In particular, numerous data point to the participation of TRIMs in the determination of stem cell fate, as well as in the neurogenesis. TRIMs apply various mechanisms to perform their functions. Their common feature is the ability to ubiquitinate proteins mediated by the Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain. Different C-terminal domains of TRIMs are involved in DNA and RNA binding, protein/protein interactions, and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. Mutations and alterations of TRIM expression cause significant disturbances in the stem cells' self-renewal and neurogenesis, which result in the various pathologies of the nervous system (neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and malignant transformation). This review discusses the diverse molecular mechanisms of participation of TRIMs in stem cell maintenance and self-renewal as well as in neural differentiation processes and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina V Nenasheva
- Department of Viral and Cellular Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Z Tarantul
- Department of Viral and Cellular Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Trim32 suppresses cerebellar development and tumorigenesis by degrading Gli1/sonic hedgehog signaling. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1286-1299. [PMID: 31527798 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is crucial for the maintenance of the physiological self-renewal of granule neuron progenitor cells (GNPs) during cerebellar development, and its dysregulation leads to oncogenesis. However, how SHH signaling is controlled during cerebellar development is poorly understood. Here, we show that Trim32, a cell fate determinant, is distributed asymmetrically in the cytoplasm of mitotic GNPs, and that genetic knockout of Trim32 keeps GNPs at a proliferating and undifferentiated state. In addition, Trim32 knockout enhances the incidence of medulloblastoma (MB) formation in the Ptch1 mutant mice. Mechanistically, Trim32 binds to Gli1, an effector of SHH signaling, via its NHL domain and degrades the latter through its RING domain to antagonize the SHH pathway. These findings provide a novel mechanism that Trim32 may be a vital cell fate regulator by antagonizing the SHH signaling to promote GNPs differentiation and a tumor suppressor in MB formation.
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20
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Zhou L, Deng ZZ, Li HY, Jiang N, Wei ZS, Hong MF, Chen XD, Wang JH, Zhang MX, Shi YH, Lu ZQ, Huang XM. TRIM31 promotes glioma proliferation and invasion through activating NF-κB pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2289-2297. [PMID: 30988633 PMCID: PMC6441556 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most lethal primary brain tumor, the survival rate still isn't improved in the past decades. It's essential to study the regulatory mechanism of glioma progression, hoping to find new therapy targets or methods. The family of tripartite motif (TRIM) containing proteins are E3 ubiquitination ligases, which play critical role in various tumor progression. METHODS Cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed by colony formation assay, soft agar growth assay, BrdU incorporation assay and transwell invasion assay. Luciferase reporter analysis was used to analyze NF-κB pathway activity. RESULTS We found TRIM31 was upregulated in glioma cells and tissues, its overexpression significantly promoted glioma cell proliferation and invasion, while its knockdown significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanism analysis found TRIM31 promoted NF-κB pathway activity and increased its targets expression. NF-κB inhibition reversed the phenotype caused by TRIM31, confirming TRIM31 promoted glioma progression through activating NF-κB pathway. Using clinical specimens found TRIM31 expression was positively correlative with NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION This study found TRIM31 promoted glioma proliferation and invasion through activating NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China, ,
| | - Zhe-Zhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China,
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China,
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming-Fan Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Dang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China,
| | - Ji-Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China,
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China, ,
| | - Yi-Hua Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China, ,
| | - Zheng-Qi Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China, ,
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China,
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China, ,
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21
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Sugrue KF, Sarkar AA, Leatherbury L, Zohn IE. The ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 promotes retinoic acid signaling required for development of the aortic arch. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036491. [PMID: 30578278 PMCID: PMC6361158 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the aortic arch is a complex process that involves remodeling of the bilaterally symmetrical pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) into the mature asymmetric aortic arch. Retinoic acid signaling is a key regulator of this process by directing patterning of the second heart field (SHF), formation of the caudal PAAs and subsequent remodeling of the PAAs to form the aortic arch. Here, we identify the HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase as a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during this process. Hectd1opm/opm homozygous mutant embryos show a spectrum of aortic arch abnormalities that occur following loss of 4th PAAs and increased SHF marker expression. This sequence of defects is similar to phenotypes observed in mutant mouse models with reduced retinoic acid signaling. Importantly, HECTD1 binds to and influences ubiquitination of the retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA). Furthermore, reduced activation of a retinoic acid response element (RARE) reporter is detected in Hectd1 mutant cells and embryos. Interestingly, Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos exhibit reduced retinoic acid signaling, along with intermediate increased expression of SHF markers; however, heterozygotes show normal development of the aortic arch. Decreasing retinoic acid synthesis by reducing Raldh2 (also known as Aldh1a2) gene dosage in Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos reveals a genetic interaction. Double heterozygous embryos show hypoplasia of the 4th PAA and increased incidence of a benign aortic arch variant, in which the transverse arch between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries is shortened. Together, our data establish that HECTD1 is a novel regulator of retinoic acid signaling required for proper aortic arch development. Editor's choice: The HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase is a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during aortic arch development and provides a model for complex interactions underlying variations in aortic arch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey F Sugrue
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Linda Leatherbury
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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22
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Kim J, Kim JW, Kim DG, Nam BH, Kim YO, Park JY, Kong HJ. Molecular characterization of Rhodeus uyekii tripartite motif protein 1 (TRIM1) involved in IFN-γ/LPS-induced NF-κB signaling. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:42-51. [PMID: 29747011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, and the role of TRIM1 in immunity has been explored. However, fundamental studies on fish TRIM1 are lacking. In this study, we cloned and characterized TRIM1 cDNA from the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (RuTRIM1). Two RuTRIM1 isoforms (RuTRIM1-X1 and RuTRIM1-X2) were identified. The coding sequence (CDS) of RuTRIM1-X1 comprised 2157 bp encoding a 718-aa protein, and the CDS of RuTRIM1-X2 comprised 1929 bp encoding a 642-aa protein. Both RuTRIM1 isoforms contained a RING finger domain, B-box 1, B-box 2, coiled-coil domain, COS box, FN3 motif, and PRY/SPRY domain. The deduced RuTRIM1-X1 and RuTRIM1-X2 proteins had high amino acid identity (76.27-98.89%) with orthologs from various other species, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. RuTRIM1-X1 and RuTRIM1-X2 mRNA were expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression levels detected in the hepatopancreas. During early development, RuTRIM1-X1 and RuTRIM1-X2 mRNA levels changed differently from the gastrula period to the first feeding stage. An in vivo ubiquitination assay showed that RuTRIM1 exhibited RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, mainly by comparing RuTRIM1-X2 to RuTRIM1-X1. The subcellular localization of the two RuTRIM1 protein isoforms was characterized, revealing that they formed aggregates in cytoplasmic bodies in Raw264.7 cells. Interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor-κB signaling was negatively regulated by RuTRIM1-X1 and RuTRIM1-X2, and the negative effect was reversed in RING deletion mutants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize fish TRIM1, which may play a role in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Zhang ZB, Xiong LL, Lu BT, Zhang HX, Zhang P, Wang TH. Suppression of Trim32 Enhances Motor Function Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with Antiapoptosis. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1276-1285. [PMID: 28933219 PMCID: PMC5657740 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717716510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of Trim32 in traumatic brain injury (TBI), adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and mice were randomly divided into sham (n = 6) and TBI groups ( n = 24), respectively. Then, mice were assigned into Trim32 knockout mice (Trim32-KO [+/-]) and wild-type (WT) littermates. The TBI model used was the Feeney free-falling model, and neurological function was evaluated after TBI using a neurological severity score (NSS). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression of Trim32 in the damaged cortex. Cell apoptosis in the cortex was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Moreover, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice were used to determine the effect of Trim in neurological repair after TBI. Results showed the NSS scores in TBI rats were significantly increased from day 1 to day 11 postoperation, compared with the sham group. Trim32 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cortex was significantly increased at 7 d after TBI, while the level of Tnr and cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide 5A mRNA didn't exhibit significant changes. In addition, Western blot was used to detect the level of Trim32 protein in the cortex. Trim32 expression was significantly increased at 7 d after TBI, and immunoreactive Trim32-positive cells were mainly neurons. Moreover, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice with TBI had lower NSS scores than those in the WT group from day 1 to day 11 postoperation. Meanwhile, Trim32-KO (+/-) mice had a decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the control group at 3 d postoperation. Protein 73 (p73) decreased at 7 d postoperation in Trim32-KO (+/-) mice with TBI, when compared with WT mice with TBI. Our study is the first to confirm that suppression of Trim32 promotes the recovery of neurological function after TBI and to demonstrate that the underlying mechanism is associated with antiapoptosis, which may be associated with p73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Bin Zhang
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin-Tuan Lu
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Zhang
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- 2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- 1 Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,2 Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Fu Q, Zou MM, Zhu JW, Zhang Y, Chen WJ, Cheng M, Liu CF, Ma QH, Xu RX. TRIM32 affects the recovery of motor function following spinal cord injury through regulating proliferation of glia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45380-45390. [PMID: 28514764 PMCID: PMC5542194 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the extrinsic environmental factors and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms limit the axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we identify tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is barely detected in glial cells in the normal uninjured spinal cord, exhibits strong expression in both astrocytes and microglia following SCI. We further observe that deficiency of TRIM32 results in increased numbers of astrocytes and microglia, which is accompanied by enhanced proliferation of both cells and increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-10. The axonal regeneration is impaired in the spinal cord of TRIM32-/- mice following SCI, which is indicated by increased distances of the corticospinal tracts (CST) fiber to the lesion site and less axonal sprouting. We further show that deficiency of TRIM32 results in delay motor recovery following SCI. Therefore, TRIM32 is a novel essential positive factor modulating axonal regeneration and the recovery of motor function following SCI, possibly through suppressing proliferation of glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The 251st Hospital of P.L.A., Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wen-Jin Chen
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.,Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.,Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, P.L.A. Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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25
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Gonzalez-Cano L, Menzl I, Tisserand J, Nicklas S, Schwamborn JC. Parkinson's Disease-Associated Mutant LRRK2-Mediated Inhibition of miRNA Activity is Antagonized by TRIM32. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3490-3498. [PMID: 28508149 PMCID: PMC5842508 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Accumulating evidences suggest that PD might have a strong neurodevelopmental component. Among the genetic cases, mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are well known to be disease causing. Although the molecular mechanism of the pathogenic LRRK2 function is not fully clear, inhibition of microRNA (miRNA) activity has been suggested to be among the pathogenic LRRK2 targets. Here, we demonstrate that the miRNA activity inhibition function of pathogenic LRRK2 is directly antagonized by the neuronal cell fate determinant TRIM32. These findings suggest that TRIM32 might be a modifier for PD and could be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez-Cano
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ingeborg Menzl
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Johan Tisserand
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Nicklas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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26
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Berkowicz SR, Giousoh A, Bird PI. Neurodevelopmental MACPFs: The vertebrate astrotactins and BRINPs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:171-181. [PMID: 28506896 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrotactins (ASTNs) and Bone morphogenetic protein/retinoic acid inducible neural-specific proteins (BRINPs) are two groups of Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily proteins that show overlapping expression in the developing and mature vertebrate nervous system. ASTN(1-2) and BRINP(1-3) genes are found at conserved loci in humans that have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here we review the tissue distribution and cellular localization of these proteins, and discuss recent studies that provide insight into their structure and interactions. We highlight the genetic relationships and co-expression of Brinps and Astns; and review recent knock-out mouse phenotypes that indicate a possible overlap in protein function between ASTNs and BRINPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Berkowicz
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800, Australia.
| | - Aminah Giousoh
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip I Bird
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 3800, Australia
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27
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Yu Y, Huang X, Liu J, Zhang J, Hu Y, Yang Y, Huang Y, Qin Q. Fish TRIM32 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against iridovirus and nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:33-43. [PMID: 27847343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 32 (TRIM32) has been demonstrated to pay vital roles in cancer, genetic disorders and antiviral immunity. However, the molecular functions of fish TRIM32 still remained largely unknown. Here, a novel TRIM32 gene from orange spotted grouper (EcTRIM32) was cloned and characterized. EcTRIM32 encoded a 685-aa protein which showed 93%, and 60% identity to large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and human (Homo sapiens), respectively. Amino acid alignment showed that EcTRIM32 contained a conserved RING-finger domain, a BBOX domain and NHL domain. In healthy grouper, the transcript of EcTRIM32 was predominantly detected in brain, liver, intestine, spleen and skin. After injection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and polyI:C, the relative expression of EcTRIM32 in grouper spleen was differently regulated, suggested that EcTRIM32 was involved in antiviral immune response. In transfected grouper spleen (GS) cells, EcTRIM32 displayed bright fluorescence aggregates or spots in the cytoplasm. Notably, the deletion RING domain altered its precise localization and distributed throughout the cytoplasm in GS cells. In EcTRIM32 overexpressing cells, the replication of SGIV or red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) was significantly inhibited compared to the vector control cells. Moreover, the overexpression of EcTRIM32 positively regulated the interferon immune response, evidenced by the significant increase of the expression level of interferon related signaling molecules, including interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), interferon-induced 35-kDa protein (IFP35), MXI, TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). Further studies showed that overexpression of EcTRIM32 significantly enhanced the MDA5-mediated interferon immune response, but decreased stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated interferon immune response. Meanwhile, the expression levels of pro-inflammation cytokines, including TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8 were up-regulated by the ectopic expression of EcTRIM32. We speculated that the regulation of IRF7, and pro-inflammation cytokines by EcTRIM32 overexpression might contribute critical roles in SGIV infection. In addition, the deletion of RING domain not only significantly weakened the antiviral roles of EcTRIM32, but also obviously affected the regulatory effects of EcTRIM32 on interferon immune and inflammation response. Together, our results firstly demonstrated that fish TRIM32 acted as an antiviral factor against both DNA and RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Wu W, Yang H, Zhou Z, Zhu X, Sun C, Liu Y, Yu Z, Chen Y, Wang Y. Upregulated Expression of TRIM32 Is Involved in Schwann Cell Differentiation, Migration and Neurite Outgrowth After Sciatic Nerve Crush. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1084-1095. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Lazzari E, Meroni G. TRIM32 ubiquitin E3 ligase, one enzyme for several pathologies: From muscular dystrophy to tumours. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 79:469-477. [PMID: 27458054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIM32 is a member of the TRIpartite Motif family characterised by the presence of an N-terminal three-domain-module that includes a RING domain, which confers E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, one or two B-box domains and a Coiled-Coil region that mediates oligomerisation. Several TRIM32 substrates were identified including muscular proteins and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cell motility. As ubiquitination is a versatile post-translational modification that can affect target turnover, sub-cellular localisation or activity, it is likely that diverse substrates may be differentially affected by TRIM32-mediated ubiquitination, reflecting its multi-faceted roles in muscle physiology, cancer and immunity. With particular relevance for muscle physiology, mutations in TRIM32 are associated with autosomal recessive Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2H, a muscle-wasting disease with variable clinical spectrum ranging from almost asymptomatic to wheelchair-bound patients. In this review, we will focus on the ability of TRIM32 to mark specific substrates for proteasomal degradation discussing how the TRIM32-proteasome axis may (i) be important for muscle homeostasis and for the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy; and (ii) define either an oncogenic or tumour suppressive role for TRIM32 in the context of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste and Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste and Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
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30
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Trim69 regulates zebrafish brain development by ap-1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24034. [PMID: 27050765 PMCID: PMC4822136 DOI: 10.1038/srep24034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the TRIM family have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes such as apoptosis, differentiation, neurogenesis, muscular physiology and innate immune responses. Trim69, previously identified as a novel gene cloned from a human testis cDNA library, has a homologous gene in zebrafish and this study focused on investigating the function of trim69 in zebrafish neurogenesis. Trim69 was found to be expressed in zebrafish embryo brain at the early stages. Knockdown of trim69 led to deformed brain development, obvious signs of apoptosis present in the head, and decreased expression of neuronal differentiation and stem cell markers. This phenotype was rescued upon co-injection of human mRNA together along with the trim69 knockdown. Results of this study also showed an interaction between TRIM69 and c-Jun in human cells, and upon TRIM69 knock down c-Jun expression subsequently increased, whereas the over-expression of TRIM69 led to the down-regulation of c-Jun. Additionally, knockdown both c-Jun and trim69 can rescue the deformed brain, evident cellular apoptosis in the head and decreased expression of neuronal differentiation and stem cell markers. Overall, our results support a role for trim69 in the development of the zebrafish brain through ap-1 pathway.
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31
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Tripartite motif 32 prevents pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:813-28. [PMID: 26884348 PMCID: PMC4847158 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first evidence that TRIM32 protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing Akt-dependent signalling pathways. Therefore TRIM32 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. TRIM32 (tripartite motif 32) is widely accepted to be an E3 ligase that interacts with and eventually ubiquitylates multiple substrates. TRIM32 mutants have been associated with LGMD-2H (limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2H). However, whether TRIM32 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by biomechanical stresses and neurohumoral mediators remains unclear. We generated mice and isolated NRCMs (neonatal rat cardiomyocytes) that overexpressed or were deficient in TRIM32 to investigate the effect of TRIM32 on AB (aortic banding) or AngII (angiotensin II)-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiography and both pathological and molecular analyses were used to determine the extent of cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent fibrosis. Our results showed that overexpression of TRIM32 in the heart significantly alleviated the hypertrophic response induced by pressure overload, whereas TRIM32 deficiency dramatically aggravated pathological cardiac remodelling. Similar results were also found in cultured NRCMs incubated with AngII. Mechanistically, the present study suggests that TRIM32 exerts cardioprotective action by interruption of Akt- but not MAPK (mitogen-dependent protein kinase)-dependent signalling pathways. Additionally, inactivation of Akt by LY294002 offset the exacerbated hypertrophic response induced by AB in TRIM32-deficient mice. In conclusion, the present study indicates that TRIM32 plays a protective role in AB-induced pathological cardiac remodelling by blocking Akt-dependent signalling. Therefore TRIM32 could be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Abstract
TRIM-NHL proteins are key regulators of developmental transitions, for example promoting differentiation, while inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, in stem and progenitor cells. Abnormalities in these proteins have been also associated with human diseases, particularly affecting muscular and neuronal functions, making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic and comprehensive summary on the most studied TRIM-NHL proteins, highlighting examples where connections were established between structural features, molecular functions and biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tocchini
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rafal Ciosk
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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33
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Tripartite containing motif 32 modulates proliferation of human neural precursor cells in HIV-1 neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:776-86. [PMID: 26586575 PMCID: PMC4832097 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to glial cells, HIV-1 infection occurs in multipotent human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) and induces quiescence in NPCs. HIV-1 infection of the brain alters hNPC stemness, leading to perturbed endogenous neurorestoration of the CNS following brain damage by HIV-1, compounding the severity of dementia in adult neuroAIDS cases. In pediatric neuroAIDS cases, HIV-1 infection of neural stem cell can lead to delayed developmental milestones and impaired cognition. Using primary cultures of human fetal brain-derived hNPCs, we gained novel insights into the role of a neural stem cell determinant, tripartite containing motif 32 (TRIM32), in HIV-1 Tat-induced quiescence of NPCs. Acute HIV-1 Tat treatment of hNPCs resulted in proliferation arrest but did not induce differentiation. Cellular localization and levels of TRIM32 are critical regulators of stemness of NPCs. HIV-1 Tat exposure increased nuclear localization and levels of TRIM32 in hNPCs. The in vitro findings were validated by studying TRIM32 localization and levels in frontal cortex of HIV-1-seropositive adult patients collected at post mortem as well as by infection of hNPCs by HIV-1. We observed increased percentage of cells with nuclear localization of TRIM32 in the subventricular zone (SVZ) as compared with age-matched controls. Our quest for probing into the mechanisms revealed that TRIM32 is targeted by miR-155 as downregulation of miR-155 by HIV-1 Tat resulted in upregulation of TRIM32 levels. Furthermore, miR-155 or siRNA against TRIM32 rescued HIV-1 Tat-induced quiescence in NPCs. Our findings suggest a novel molecular cascade involving miR-155 and TRIM32 leading to HIV-1 Tat-induced attenuated proliferation of hNPCs. The study also uncovered an unidentified role for miR-155 in modulating human neural stem cell proliferation, helping in better understanding of hNPCs and diseased brain.
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Weng YH, Chen CY, Lin KJ, Chen YL, Yeh TH, Hsiao IT, Chen IJ, Lu CS, Wang HL. (R1441C) LRRK2 induces the degeneration of SN dopaminergic neurons and alters the expression of genes regulating neuronal survival in a transgenic mouse model. Exp Neurol 2015; 275 Pt 1:104-15. [PMID: 26363496 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common genetic cause of both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) cases. Several mutations in LRRK2 gene were reported in PD patients. R1441 is the second most frequent site of LRRK2 mutation. We generated (R1441C) LRRK2 transgenic mice that displayed motor deficits at the age of 16 months. Compared with wild-type mice, 16-month-old (R1441C) LRRK2 mice exhibited a significant reduction in the number of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. To elucidate molecular pathogenic pathways involved in (R1441C) LRRK2-induced death of SN dopaminergic neurons, we performed microarray analysis to visualize altered mRNA expressions in the SN of (R1441C) LRRK2 mouse. In the SN of (R1441C) LRRK2 transgenic mouse, the mRNA expression of three genes that promote cell death was upregulated, while the mRNA expression of seven genes that contribute to neurogenesis/neuroprotection was significantly downregulated. Our results suggest that altered expression of these genes involved in regulating neuronal survival may contribute to the pathogenesis of (R1441C) LRRK2-induced PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kun-Jun Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ling Chen
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ing-Jou Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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35
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Fu B, Wang L, Ding H, Schwamborn JC, Li S, Dorf ME. TRIM32 Senses and Restricts Influenza A Virus by Ubiquitination of PB1 Polymerase. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004960. [PMID: 26057645 PMCID: PMC4461266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) is the catalytic core of the influenza A virus (IAV) RNA polymerase complex essential for viral transcription and replication. Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms which block PB1 function could stimulate development of new anti-influenza therapeutics. Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) was used to identify host factors interacting with PB1. Among PB1 interactors, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 interacts with PB1 proteins derived from multiple IAV strains. TRIM32 senses IAV infection by interacting with PB1 and translocates with PB1 to the nucleus following influenza infection. Ectopic TRIM32 expression attenuates IAV infection. Conversely, RNAi depletion and knockout of TRIM32 increase susceptibility of tracheal and lung epithelial cells to IAV infection. Reconstitution of trim32-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts with TRIM32, but not a catalytically inactive mutant, restores viral restriction. Furthermore, TRIM32 directly ubiquitinates PB1, leading to PB1 protein degradation and subsequent reduction of polymerase activity. Thus, TRIM32 is an intrinsic IAV restriction factor which senses and targets the PB1 polymerase for ubiquitination and protein degradation. TRIM32 represents a model of intrinsic immunity, in which a host protein directly senses and counters viral infection in a species specific fashion by directly limiting viral replication. Influenza A virus presents a continued threat to global health with considerable economic and social impact. Vaccinations against influenza are not always effective, and many influenza strains have developed resistance to current antiviral drugs. Thus, it is imperative to find new strategies for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a multifunctional protein essential for both transcription and replication of the viral genome. However, we have little understanding of the mechanisms regulating viral RNA polymerase activity or the innate cellular defenses against this critical viral enzyme. We describe how the E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM32, inhibits the activity of the influenza RNA polymerase and defends respiratory epithelial cells against infection with influenza A viruses. TRIM32 directly senses the PB1 subunit of the influenza virus RNA polymerase complex and targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby reducing viral polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishi Fu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Shitao Li
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SL); (MED)
| | - Martin E. Dorf
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SL); (MED)
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Ruan CS, Wang SF, Shen YJ, Guo Y, Yang CR, Zhou FH, Tan LT, Zhou L, Liu JJ, Wang WY, Xiao ZC, Zhou XF. Deletion of TRIM32 protects mice from anxiety- and depression-like behaviors under mild stress. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2680-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Shu-Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Chun-Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- School of Medical Science; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Fiona H. Zhou
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
| | - Li-Tao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Wen-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
- Division of Health Sciences; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA 5000 Australia
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Sato T, Takahashi H, Hatakeyama S, Iguchi A, Ariga T. The TRIM-FLMN protein TRIM45 directly interacts with RACK1 and negatively regulates PKC-mediated signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:1280-91. [PMID: 24681954 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1), a scaffolding protein that participates in the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, has an important role in shuttling active PKCs to its substrate. Indeed, recent studies have revealed that RACK1 has an important role in tumorigenesis and that enhancement of the feed-forward mechanism of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-Jun pathway via RACK1 is associated with constitutive activation of MEK (MAPK-ERK kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling in human melanoma cells. Taken together, RACK1 additionally has a very important role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Here, we show that one of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family ubiquitin ligases, TRIM45, is a novel RACK1-interacting protein and downregulates MAPK signal transduction. Importantly, the expression of TRIM45 is induced when growth-promoting extracellular stimuli activate the MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in attenuation of activation of the MAPK pathway. These findings suggest that TRIM45 functions as a member of the negative feedback loop of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan [2] Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - T Ariga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Manocha GD, Mishra R, Sharma N, Kumawat KL, Basu A, Singh SK. Regulatory role of TRIM21 in the type-I interferon pathway in Japanese encephalitis virus-infected human microglial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:24. [PMID: 24485101 PMCID: PMC3922089 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection leads to Japanese encephalitis (JE) in humans. JEV is transmitted through mosquitoes and maintained in a zoonotic cycle. This cycle involves pigs as the major reservoir, water birds as carriers and mosquitoes as vectors. JEV invasion into the central nervous system (CNS) may occur via antipodal transport of virions or through the vascular endothelial cells. Microglial cells get activated in response to pathogenic insults. JEV infection induces the innate immune response and triggers the production of type I interferons. The signaling pathway of type I interferon production is regulated by a number of molecules. TRIM proteins are known to regulate the expression of interferons; however, the involvement of TRIM genes and their underlying mechanism during JEV infection are not known. Methods Human microglial cells (CHME3) were infected with JEV to understand the role of TRIM21 in JEV infection and its effect on type I interferon (IFN-β) production. Cells were infected in presence and absence of exogenous TRIM21 as well as after knocking down the TRIM21 mRNA. Levels of activated IRF3 expression were measured through Western blot analyses of anti-p-IRF3 antibody, and IFN-β production was measured by using IFN-β real-time PCR and luciferase activity analyses. Results JEV infection increased expression of TRIM21 in CHME3 cells. JEV induced an innate immune response by increasing production of IFN-β via IRF3 activation and phosphorylation. Overexpression of TRIM21 resulted in downregulation of p-IRF3 and IFN-β, while silencing led to increased production of p-IRF3 and IFN-β in JEV-infected CHME3 cells. Conclusion This report demonstrates TRIM21 as a negative regulator of interferon-β (IFN-β) production mediated by IRF-3 during JEV infection in human microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunit K Singh
- Laboratory of Neurovirology and Inflammation Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), New R&D Building-1st Floor, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Lionel AC, Tammimies K, Vaags AK, Rosenfeld JA, Ahn JW, Merico D, Noor A, Runke CK, Pillalamarri VK, Carter MT, Gazzellone MJ, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Fagerberg C, Laulund LW, Pellecchia G, Lamoureux S, Deshpande C, Clayton-Smith J, White AC, Leather S, Trounce J, Melanie Bedford H, Hatchwell E, Eis PS, Yuen RKC, Walker S, Uddin M, Geraghty MT, Nikkel SM, Tomiak EM, Fernandez BA, Soreni N, Crosbie J, Arnold PD, Schachar RJ, Roberts W, Paterson AD, So J, Szatmari P, Chrysler C, Woodbury-Smith M, Brian Lowry R, Zwaigenbaum L, Mandyam D, Wei J, Macdonald JR, Howe JL, Nalpathamkalam T, Wang Z, Tolson D, Cobb DS, Wilks TM, Sorensen MJ, Bader PI, An Y, Wu BL, Musumeci SA, Romano C, Postorivo D, Nardone AM, Monica MD, Scarano G, Zoccante L, Novara F, Zuffardi O, Ciccone R, Antona V, Carella M, Zelante L, Cavalli P, Poggiani C, Cavallari U, Argiropoulos B, Chernos J, Brasch-Andersen C, Speevak M, Fichera M, Ogilvie CM, Shen Y, Hodge JC, Talkowski ME, Stavropoulos DJ, Marshall CR, Scherer SW. Disruption of the ASTN2/TRIM32 locus at 9q33.1 is a risk factor in males for autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2752-68. [PMID: 24381304 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare copy number variants (CNVs) disrupting ASTN2 or both ASTN2 and TRIM32 have been reported at 9q33.1 by genome-wide studies in a few individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The vertebrate-specific astrotactins, ASTN2 and its paralog ASTN1, have key roles in glial-guided neuronal migration during brain development. To determine the prevalence of astrotactin mutations and delineate their associated phenotypic spectrum, we screened ASTN2/TRIM32 and ASTN1 (1q25.2) for exonic CNVs in clinical microarray data from 89 985 individuals across 10 sites, including 64 114 NDD subjects. In this clinical dataset, we identified 46 deletions and 12 duplications affecting ASTN2. Deletions of ASTN1 were much rarer. Deletions near the 3' terminus of ASTN2, which would disrupt all transcript isoforms (a subset of these deletions also included TRIM32), were significantly enriched in the NDD subjects (P = 0.002) compared with 44 085 population-based controls. Frequent phenotypes observed in individuals with such deletions include autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), speech delay, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The 3'-terminal ASTN2 deletions were significantly enriched compared with controls in males with NDDs, but not in females. Upon quantifying ASTN2 human brain RNA, we observed shorter isoforms expressed from an alternative transcription start site of recent evolutionary origin near the 3' end. Spatiotemporal expression profiling in the human brain revealed consistently high ASTN1 expression while ASTN2 expression peaked in the early embryonic neocortex and postnatal cerebellar cortex. Our findings shed new light on the role of the astrotactins in psychopathology and their interplay in human neurodevelopment.
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Hillje AL, Pavlou MAS, Beckmann E, Worlitzer MMA, Bahnassawy L, Lewejohann L, Palm T, Schwamborn JC. TRIM32-dependent transcription in adult neural progenitor cells regulates neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e976. [PMID: 24357807 PMCID: PMC3877558 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells in the subventricular zone continuously generate new neurons for the olfactory bulb. Cell fate commitment in these adult neural stem cells is regulated by cell fate-determining proteins. Here, we show that the cell fate-determinant TRIM32 is upregulated during differentiation of adult neural stem cells into olfactory bulb neurons. We further demonstrate that TRIM32 is necessary for the correct induction of neuronal differentiation in these cells. In the absence of TRIM32, neuroblasts differentiate slower and show gene expression profiles that are characteristic of immature cells. Interestingly, TRIM32 deficiency induces more neural progenitor cell proliferation and less cell death. Both effects accumulate in an overproduction of adult-generated olfactory bulb neurons of TRIM32 knockout mice. These results highlight the function of the cell fate-determinant TRIM32 for a balanced activity of the adult neurogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Hillje
- 1] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany [2] Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - M A S Pavlou
- 1] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany [2] Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - E Beckmann
- 1] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany [2] Department of Behavioural Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Badestrasse 13, Muenster D-48149, Germany
| | - M M A Worlitzer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - L Bahnassawy
- 1] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany [2] Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - L Lewejohann
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Badestrasse 13, Muenster D-48149, Germany
| | - T Palm
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - J C Schwamborn
- 1] Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, Münster D-48149, Germany [2] Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
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Kim PY, Rahmanto AS, Tan O, Norris MD, Haber M, Marshall GM, Cheung BB. TRIM16 overexpression induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2013; 18:639-51. [PMID: 23404198 PMCID: PMC3618413 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRIM16 exhibits tumour suppressor functions by interacting with cytoplasmic vimentin and nuclear E2F1 proteins in neuroblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells, reducing cell migration and replication. Reduced TRIM16 expression in a range of human primary malignant tissues correlates with increased malignant potential. TRIM16 also induces apoptosis in breast and lung cancer cells, by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that overexpression of TRIM16 induces apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF7) and neuroblastoma (BE(2)-C) cells, but not in non-malignant HEK293 cells. TRIM16 increased procaspase-2 protein levels in MCF7 and induced caspase-2 activity in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells. We show that TRIM16 and caspase-2 proteins directly interact in both MCF7 and BE(2)-C cells and co-localise in MCF7 cells. Most importantly, the induction of caspase-2 activity is required for TRIM16 to initiate apoptosis. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which TRIM16 can promote apoptosis by directly modulating caspase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Kim
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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Asymmetric cell division of stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 71:575-97. [PMID: 23771628 PMCID: PMC3901929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and produce differentiated progeny. A fine balance between these processes is achieved through controlled asymmetric divisions and is necessary to generate cellular diversity during development and to maintain adult tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this balance may result in premature depletion of the stem/progenitor cell pool, or abnormal growth. In many tissues, including the brain, dysregulated asymmetric divisions are associated with cancer. Whether there is a causal relationship between asymmetric cell division defects and cancer initiation is as yet not known. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate asymmetric cell divisions in the neural lineage and discuss the potential connections between this regulatory machinery and cancer.
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Uchil PD, Hinz A, Siegel S, Coenen-Stass A, Pertel T, Luban J, Mothes W. TRIM protein-mediated regulation of inflammatory and innate immune signaling and its association with antiretroviral activity. J Virol 2013; 87:257-72. [PMID: 23077300 PMCID: PMC3536418 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01804-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of E3 ligases are emerging as critical regulators of innate immunity. To identify new regulators, we carried out a screen of 43 human TRIM proteins for the ability to activate NF-κB, AP-1, and interferon, hallmarks of many innate immune signaling pathways. We identified 16 TRIM proteins that induced NF-κB and/or AP-1. We found that one of these, TRIM62, functions in the TRIF branch of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Knockdown of TRIM62 in primary macrophages led to a defect in TRIF-mediated late NF-κB, AP-1, and interferon production after lipopolysaccharide challenge. We also discovered a role for TRIM15 in the RIG-I-mediated interferon pathway upstream of MAVS. Knockdown of TRIM15 limited virus/RIG-I ligand-induced interferon production and enhanced vesicular stomatitis virus replication. In addition, most TRIM proteins previously identified to inhibit murine leukemia virus (MLV) demonstrated an ability to induce NF-κB/AP-1. Interfering with the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling induced by the antiretroviral TRIM1 and TRIM62 proteins rescued MLV release. In contrast, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression was increased by TRIM proteins that induce NF-κB. HIV-1 resistance to inflammatory TRIM proteins mapped to the NF-κB sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) U3 and could be transferred to MLV. Thus, our work identifies new TRIM proteins involved in innate immune signaling and reinforces the striking ability of HIV-1 to exploit innate immune signaling for the purpose of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angelika Hinz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven Siegel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Coenen-Stass
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Pertel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Zhang J, Hu MM, Wang YY, Shu HB. TRIM32 protein modulates type I interferon induction and cellular antiviral response by targeting MITA/STING protein for K63-linked ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28646-55. [PMID: 22745133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.362608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection activates several transcription factors including NF-κB and IRF3, which collaborate to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and innate antiviral response. MITA (also called STING) is a critical adaptor protein that links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 activation upon infection by both RNA and DNA pathogens. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif protein 32 (TRIM32) ubiquitinated MITA and dramatically enhanced MITA-mediated induction of IFN-β. Overexpression of TRIM32 potentiated virus-triggered IFNB1 expression and cellular antiviral response. Consistently, knockdown of TRIM32 had opposite effects. TRIM32 interacted with MITA, and was located at the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. TRIM32 targeted MITA for K63-linked ubiquitination at K20/150/224/236 through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which promoted the interaction of MITA with TBK1. These findings suggest that TRIM32 is an important regulatory protein for innate immunity against both RNA and DNA viruses by targeting MITA for K63-linked ubiquitination and downstream activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Petrera F, Meroni G. TRIM proteins in development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 770:131-41. [PMID: 23631005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5398-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRIM proteins play important roles in several patho-physiological processes. Their common activity within the ubiquitylation pathway makes them amenable to a number of diverse biological roles. Many of the TRIM genes are highly and sometimes specifically expressed during embryogenesis, it is therefore not surprising that several of them might be involved in developmental processes. Here, we primarily discuss the developmental implications of two subgroups of TRIM proteins that conserved domain composition and functions from their invertebrate ancestors. The two groups are: the TRIM-NHL proteins implicated in miRNA processing regulation and the TRIM-FN3 proteins involved in ventral midline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Petrera
- Cluster in Biomedicine, CBMS.c.r.l., AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM/RBCC) protein family are thought to be important regulators of carcinogenesis. This is not surprising as the TRIM proteins are involved in several biological processes, such as cell growth, development and cellular differentiation and alteration of these proteins can affect transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In particular, four TRIM family genes are frequently translocated to other genes, generating fusion proteins implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Among these the most famous is the promyelocytic leukaemia gene PML, which encodes the protein TRIM19. PML is involved in the t(15;17) translocation that specifically occurs in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APL), resulting in a PML-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARalpha) fusion protein. Other members of the TRIM family are linked to cancer development without being involved in chromosomal re-arrangements, possibly through ubiquitination or loss of tumour suppression functions. This chapter discusses the biological functions of TRIM proteins in cancer.
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Sato T, Okumura F, Iguchi A, Ariga T, Hatakeyama S. TRIM32 promotes retinoic acid receptor α-mediated differentiation in human promyelogenous leukemic cell line HL60. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:594-600. [PMID: 22182411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, one of the posttranslational modifications, appears to be involved in the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors including retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). We previously reported that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM32, interacts with several important proteins including RARα and enhances transcriptional activity of RARα in mouse neuroblastoma cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. Retinoic acid (RA), which acts as a ligand to nuclear receptors including RARα, plays crucial roles in development, differentiation, cell cycles and apoptosis. In this study, we found that TRIM32 enhances RARα-mediated transcriptional activity even in the absence of RA and stabilizes RARα in the human promyelogenous leukemic cell line HL60. Moreover, we found that overexpression of TRIM32 in HL60 cells suppresses cellular proliferation and induces granulocytic differentiation even in the absence of RA. These findings suggest that TRIM32 functions as one of the coactivators for RARα-mediated transcription in acute promyelogenous leukemia (APL) cells, and thus TRIM32 may become a potentially therapeutic target for APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Abstract
Emerging clinical evidence shows that the deregulation of ubiquitin-mediated degradation of oncogene products or tumour suppressors is likely to be involved in the aetiology of carcinomas and leukaemias. Recent studies have indicated that some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins (one of the subfamilies of the RING type E3 ubiquitin ligases) function as important regulators for carcinogenesis. This Review focuses on TRIM proteins that are involved in tumour development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Animal Experimentation, and Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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