1
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Kroll J, Renkawitz J. Principles of organelle positioning in motile and non-motile cells. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2172-2187. [PMID: 38627564 PMCID: PMC11094012 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells are equipped with asymmetrically localised and functionally specialised components, including cytoskeletal structures and organelles. Positioning these components to specific intracellular locations in an asymmetric manner is critical for their functionality and affects processes like immune responses, tissue maintenance, muscle functionality, and neurobiology. Here, we provide an overview of strategies to actively move, position, and anchor organelles to specific locations. By conceptualizing the cytoskeletal forces and the organelle-to-cytoskeleton connectivity, we present a framework of active positioning of both membrane-enclosed and membrane-less organelles. Using this framework, we discuss how different principles of force generation and organelle anchorage are utilised by different cells, such as mesenchymal and amoeboid cells, and how the microenvironment influences the plasticity of organelle positioning. Given that motile cells face the challenge of coordinating the positioning of their content with cellular motion, we particularly focus on principles of organelle positioning during migration. In this context, we discuss novel findings on organelle positioning by anchorage-independent mechanisms and their advantages and disadvantages in motile as well as stationary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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2
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Schatten H. The Impact of Centrosome Pathologies on Ovarian Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Centrosomes as Therapeutic Target. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:37-64. [PMID: 38805124 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The impact of centrosome abnormalities on cancer cell proliferation has been recognized as early as 1914 (Boveri, Zur Frage der Entstehung maligner Tumoren. Jena: G. Fisher, 1914), but vigorous research on molecular levels has only recently started when it became fully apparent that centrosomes can be targeted for new cancer therapies. While best known for their microtubule-organizing capabilities as MTOC (microtubule organizing center) in interphase and mitosis, centrosomes are now further well known for a variety of different functions, some of which are related to microtubule organization and consequential activities such as cell division, migration, maintenance of cell shape, and vesicle transport powered by motor proteins, while other functions include essential roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolic activities, signal transduction, proteolytic activity, and several others that are now heavily being investigated for their role in diseases and disorders (reviewed in Schatten and Sun, Histochem Cell Biol 150:303-325, 2018; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:43-50, 2022a; Schatten, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 235:17-35, 2022b).Cancer cell centrosomes differ from centrosomes in noncancer cells in displaying specific abnormalities that include phosphorylation abnormalities, overexpression of specific centrosomal proteins, abnormalities in centriole and centrosome duplication, formation of multipolar spindles that play a role in aneuploidy and genomic instability, and several others that are highlighted in the present review on ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cell centrosomes, like those in other cancers, display complex abnormalities that in part are based on the heterogeneity of cells in the cancer tissues resulting from different etiologies of individual cancer cells that will be discussed in more detail in this chapter.Because of the critical role of centrosomes in cancer cell proliferation, several lines of research are being pursued to target centrosomes for therapeutic intervention to inhibit abnormal cancer cell proliferation and control tumor progression. Specific centrosome abnormalities observed in ovarian cancer will be addressed in this chapter with a focus on targeting such aberrations for ovarian cancer-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Columbia, MO, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Risteski P, Yang Y, Chen H, Droby G, Walens A, Jayaprakash D, Troester M, Herring L, Chernoff J, Tolić I, Bowser J, Vaziri C. The TRIM69-MST2 signaling axis regulates centrosome dynamics and chromosome segregation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10568-10589. [PMID: 37739411 PMCID: PMC10602929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringent control of centrosome duplication and separation is important for preventing chromosome instability. Structural and numerical alterations in centrosomes are hallmarks of neoplastic cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. We show that a Centrosome Amplification 20 (CA20) gene signature is associated with high expression of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family member E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM69. TRIM69-ablation in cancer cells leads to centrosome scattering and chromosome segregation defects. We identify Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (MST2) as a new direct binding partner of TRIM69. TRIM69 redistributes MST2 to the perinuclear cytoskeleton, promotes its association with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and stimulates MST2 phosphorylation at S15 (a known PLK1 phosphorylation site that is critical for centrosome disjunction). TRIM69 also promotes microtubule bundling and centrosome segregation that requires PRC1 and DYNEIN. Taken together, we identify TRIM69 as a new proximal regulator of distinct signaling pathways that regulate centrosome dynamics and promote bipolar mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gaith Droby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepika Jayaprakash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adam’s School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jessica Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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4
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Theile L, Li X, Dang H, Mersch D, Anders S, Schiebel E. Centrosome linker diversity and its function in centrosome clustering and mitotic spindle formation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109738. [PMID: 37401899 PMCID: PMC10476278 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome linker joins the two interphase centrosomes of a cell into one microtubule organizing center. Despite increasing knowledge on linker components, linker diversity in different cell types and their role in cells with supernumerary centrosomes remained unexplored. Here, we identified Ninein as a C-Nap1-anchored centrosome linker component that provides linker function in RPE1 cells while in HCT116 and U2OS cells, Ninein and Rootletin link centrosomes together. In interphase, overamplified centrosomes use the linker for centrosome clustering, where Rootletin gains centrosome linker function in RPE1 cells. Surprisingly, in cells with centrosome overamplification, C-Nap1 loss prolongs metaphase through persistent activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint indicated by BUB1 and MAD1 accumulation at kinetochores. In cells lacking C-Nap1, the reduction of microtubule nucleation at centrosomes and the delay in nuclear envelop rupture in prophase probably cause mitotic defects like multipolar spindle formation and chromosome mis-segregation. These defects are enhanced when the kinesin HSET, which normally clusters multiple centrosomes in mitosis, is partially inhibited indicating a functional interplay between C-Nap1 and centrosome clustering in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Theile
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS)Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory for Cell Polarity RegulationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Simon Anders
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Li X, Bloomfield M, Bridgeland A, Cimini D, Chen J. A fine balance among key biophysical factors is required for recovery of bipolar mitotic spindle from monopolar and multipolar abnormalities. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar90. [PMID: 37342878 PMCID: PMC10398891 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-10-0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, equal partitioning of chromosomes into two daughter cells requires assembly of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Because the spindle poles are each organized by a centrosome in animal cells, centrosome defects can lead to monopolar or multipolar spindles. However, the cell can effectively recover the bipolar spindle by separating the centrosomes in monopolar spindles and clustering them in multipolar spindles. To interrogate how a cell can separate and cluster centrosomes as needed to form a bipolar spindle, we developed a biophysical model, based on experimental data, which uses effective potential energies to describe key mechanical forces driving centrosome movements during spindle assembly. Our model identified general biophysical factors crucial for robust bipolarization of spindles that start as monopolar or multipolar. These factors include appropriate force fluctuation between centrosomes, balance between repulsive and attractive forces between centrosomes, exclusion of the centrosomes from the cell center, proper cell size and geometry, and a limited centrosome number. Consistently, we found experimentally that bipolar centrosome clustering is promoted as mitotic cell aspect ratio and volume decrease in tetraploid cancer cells. Our model provides mechanistic explanations for many more experimental phenomena and a useful theoretical framework for future studies of spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- BIOTRANS Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Alexandra Bridgeland
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Systems Biology Program, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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6
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Centrosome Amplification Is a Potential Molecular Target in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010154. [PMID: 36612150 PMCID: PMC9818390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of cancer in children, with most cases arising from fetal B cell precursor, termed B-ALL. Here, we use immunofluorescence analysis of B-ALL cells to identify centrosome amplification events that require the centrosome clustering pathway to successfully complete mitosis. Our data reveals that primary human B-ALL cells and immortal B-ALL cell lines from both human and mouse sources show defective bipolar spindle formation, abnormal mitotic progression, and cell death following treatment with centrosome clustering inhibitors (CCI). We demonstrate that CCI-refractory B-ALL cells exhibit markers for increased genomic instability, including DNA damage and micronuclei, as well as activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway. Our analysis of cGAS knock-down B-ALL clones implicates cGAS in the sensitivity of B-ALL cells to CCI treatment. Due to its integral function and specificity to cancer cells, the centrosome clustering pathway presents a powerful molecular target for cancer treatment while mitigating the risk to healthy cells.
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7
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Philip R, Fiorino C, Harrison RE. Terminally differentiated osteoclasts organize centrosomes into large clusters for microtubule nucleation and bone resorption. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar68. [PMID: 35511803 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are highly specialized, multinucleated cells responsible for the selective resorption of the dense, calcified bone matrix. Microtubules (MTs) contribute to the polarization and trafficking events involved in bone resorption by osteoclasts, however the origin of these elaborate arrays is less clear. Osteoclasts arise through cell fusion of precursor cells. Previous studies have suggested that centrosome MT nucleation is lost during this process, with the nuclear membrane and its surrounding Golgi serving as the major microtubule organizing centres (MTOCs) in these cells. Here we reveal that precursor cell centrosomes are maintained and functional in the multinucleated osteoclast and interestingly form large MTOC clusters, with the clusters organizing significantly more MTs, compared to individual centrosomes. MTOC cluster formation requires dynamic microtubules and minus-end directed MT motor activity. Inhibition of these centrosome clustering elements had a marked impact on both F-actin ring formation and bone resorption. Together these findings show that multinucleated osteoclasts employ unique centrosomal clusters to organize the extensive microtubules during bone attachment and resorption. [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Philip
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1 × 5
| | - Cara Fiorino
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
| | - Rene E Harrison
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology and the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4
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8
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Farrukh UB, Bilal A, Zahid H, Iqbal M, Manzoor S, Firdous F, Furqan M, Azeem M, Emwas A, Alazmi M, Gao X, Saleem RSZ, Faisal A. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carboxamides Capable of Causing Centrosome Declustering and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usama B. Farrukh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Aishah Bilal
- Department of Biology Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Huda Zahid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Maheen Iqbal
- Department of Biology Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Safia Manzoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Farhat Firdous
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Biology Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Biology Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Abdul‐Hamid Emwas
- Imaging and Characterization Core Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Alazmi
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S. Z. Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore 54792 Pakistan
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9
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Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020442. [PMID: 35053604 PMCID: PMC8774008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis is a vital event orchestrated by formation of bipolar spindle poles. Supernumerary centrosomes, caused by centrosome amplification, deteriorates mitotic processes, resulting in segregation defects leading to chromosomal instability (CIN). Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in various types of cancer and considered as a significant contributor to destabilization of chromosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of causes and consequences of centrosome amplification thoroughly describing molecular mechanisms. Abstract Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers. We have now begun to understand the processes by which these numerical and structural anomalies may lead to cancer, and vice-versa: how key events that occur during carcinogenesis could lead to amplification of centrosomes. Despite the proliferative advantages that having extra centrosomes may confer, their presence can also lead to loss of essential genetic material as a result of segregational errors and cancer cells must deal with these deadly consequences. Here, we review recent advances in the current literature describing the mechanisms by which cancer cells amplify their centrosomes and the methods they employ to tolerate the presence of these anomalies, focusing particularly on centrosomal clustering.
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10
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Tilwani S, Gandhi K, Narayan S, Ainavarapu SRK, Dalal SN. Disruption of desmosome function leads to increased centrosome clustering in 14-3-3γ-knockout cells with supernumerary centrosomes. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2675-2690. [PMID: 34626438 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are conserved, dimeric, acidic proteins that regulate multiple cellular pathways. Loss of either 14-3-3ε or 14-3-3γ leads to centrosome amplification. However, we find that while the knockout of 14-3-3ε leads to multipolar mitoses, the knockout of 14-3-3γ results in centrosome clustering and pseudo-bipolar mitoses. 14-3-3γ knockouts demonstrate compromised desmosome function and a decrease in keratin levels, leading to decreased cell stiffness and an increase in centrosome clustering. Restoration of desmosome function increased multipolar mitoses, whereas knockdown of either plakoglobin or keratin 5 led to decreased cell stiffness and increased pseudo-bipolar mitoses. These results suggest that the ability of the desmosome to anchor keratin filaments maintains cell stiffness, thus inhibiting centrosome clustering, and that phenotypes observed upon 14-3-3 loss reflect the dysregulation of multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Tilwani
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Karan Gandhi
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, TIFR, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sorab Nariman Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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11
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Chatterjee S, Som S, Varshney N, Satyadev P, Sanyal K, Paul R. Mechanics of microtubule organizing center clustering and spindle positioning in budding yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:034402. [PMID: 34654156 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.034402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic process of mitotic spindle assembly depends on multitudes of inter-dependent interactions involving kinetochores (KTs), microtubules (MTs), spindle pole bodies (SPBs), and molecular motors. Before forming the mitotic spindle, multiple visible microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) coalesce into a single focus to serve as an SPB in the pathogenic budding yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans. To explain this unusual phenomenon in the fungal kingdom, we propose a "search and capture" model, in which cytoplasmic MTs (cMTs) nucleated by MTOCs grow and capture each other to promote MTOC clustering. Our quantitative modeling identifies multiple redundant mechanisms mediated by a combination of cMT-cell cortex interactions and inter-cMT coupling to facilitate MTOC clustering within the physiological time limit as determined by time-lapse live-cell microscopy. Besides, we screen various possible mechanisms by computational modeling and propose optimal conditions that favor proper spindle positioning-a critical determinant for timely chromosome segregation. These analyses also reveal that a combined effect of MT buckling, dynein pull, and cortical push maintains spatiotemporal spindle localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subhendu Som
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Neha Varshney
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Pvs Satyadev
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Kaustuv Sanyal
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Raja Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India
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12
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Centrosome, the Newly Identified Passenger through Tunneling Nanotubes, Increases Binucleation and Proliferation Marker in Receiving Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189680. [PMID: 34575851 PMCID: PMC8467045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 tunneling nanotubes (TNTs-1) are long, cytoplasmic protrusions containing actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments that provide a bi-directional road for the transport of various components between distant cells. TNT-1 formation is accompanied by dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization offering mechanical support for intercellular communication. Although the centrosome is the major microtubule nucleating center and also a signaling hub, the relationship between the centrosome and TNTs-1 is still unexplored. We provide here the first evidence of centrosome localization and orientation towards the TNTs-1 protrusion site, which is implicated in TNT-1 formation. We also envision a model whereby synchronized reorientation of the Golgi apparatus along with the centrosome towards TNTs-1 ensures effective polarized trafficking through TNTs-1. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry and live imaging, we observed for the first time the movement of an extra centrosome within TNTs-1. In this regard, we hypothesize a novel role for TNTs-1 as a critical pathway serving to displace extra centrosomes and potentially to either protect malignant cells against aberrant centrosome amplification or contribute to altering cells in the tumor environment. Indeed, we have observed the increase in binucleation and proliferation markers in receiving cells. The fact that the centrosome can be both as the base and the user of TNTs-1 offers new perspectives and new opportunities to follow in order to improve our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms under TNT control.
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13
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Understanding microcephaly through the study of centrosome regulation in Drosophila neural stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2101-2115. [PMID: 32897294 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcephaly is a rare, yet devastating, neurodevelopmental condition caused by genetic or environmental insults, such as the Zika virus infection. Microcephaly manifests with a severely reduced head circumference. Among the known heritable microcephaly genes, a significant proportion are annotated with centrosome-related ontologies. Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers, and they play fundamental roles in the proliferation of the neuronal progenitors, the neural stem cells (NSCs), which undergo repeated rounds of asymmetric cell division to drive neurogenesis and brain development. Many of the genes, pathways, and developmental paradigms that dictate NSC development in humans are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. As such, studies of Drosophila NSCs lend invaluable insights into centrosome function within NSCs and help inform the pathophysiology of human microcephaly. This mini-review will briefly survey causative links between deregulated centrosome functions and microcephaly with particular emphasis on insights learned from Drosophila NSCs.
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14
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Cutillas V, Johnston CA. Mud binds the kinesin-14 Ncd in Drosophila. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101016. [PMID: 34027137 PMCID: PMC8134030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proper mitotic spindle structure is necessary for error-free chromosome segregation and cell division. Spindle assembly is controlled by force-generating kinesin motors that contribute to its geometry and bipolarity, and balancing motor-dependent forces between opposing kinesins is critical to the integrity of this process. Non-claret dysjunctional (Ncd), a Drosophila kinesin-14 member, crosslinks and slides microtubule minus-ends to focus spindle poles and sustain bipolarity. However, mechanisms that regulate Ncd activity during mitosis are underappreciated. Here, we identify Mushroom body defect (Mud), the fly ortholog of human NuMA, as a direct Ncd binding partner. We demonstrate this interaction involves a short coiled-coil domain within Mud (MudCC) binding the N-terminal, non-motor microtubule-binding domain of Ncd (NcdnMBD). We further show that the C-terminal ATPase motor domain of Ncd (NcdCTm) directly interacts with NcdnMBD as well. Mud binding competes against this self-association and also increases NcdnMBD microtubule binding in vitro. Our results describe an interaction between two spindle-associated proteins and suggest a potentially new mode of minus-end motor protein regulation at mitotic spindle poles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cutillas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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15
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Liu D, Shaukat Z, Hussain R, Khan M, Gregory SL. Drosophila as a model for chromosomal instability. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2015.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) is a common feature of tumours that leads to increased genetic diversity in the tumour and poor clinical outcomes. There is considerable interest in understanding how CIN comes about and how its contribution to drug resistance and metastasis might be counteracted. In the last decade a number of CIN model systems have been developed in Drosophila that offer unique benefits both in understanding the development of CIN in a live animal as well as giving the potential to do genome wide screens for therapeutic candidate genes. This review outlines the mechanisms used in several Drosophila CIN model systems and summarizes some significant outcomes and opportunities that they have produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide S.A. 5006, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide S.A. 5006, Australia
| | - Rashid Hussain
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide S.A. 5006, Australia
| | - Mahwish Khan
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide S.A. 5006, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Gregory
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide S.A. 5006, Australia
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16
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Priyanga J, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Microtubule motors in centrosome homeostasis: A target for cancer therapy? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188524. [PMID: 33582170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a grievous concern to human health, owing to a massive heterogeneity in its cause and impact. Dysregulation (numerical, positional and/or structural) of centrosomes is one of the notable factors among those that promote onset and progression of cancers. In a normal dividing cell, a pair of centrosomes forms two poles, thereby governing the formation of a bipolar spindle assembly. A large number of cancer cells, however, harbor supernumerary centrosomes, which mimic the bipolar arrangement in normal cells by centrosome clustering (CC) into two opposite poles, thus developing a pseudo-bipolar spindle assembly. Manipulation of centrosome homeostasis is the paramount pre-requisite for the evasive strategy of CC in cancers. Out of the varied factors that uphold centrosome integrity, microtubule motors (MiMos) play a critical role. Categorized as dyneins and kinesins, MiMos are involved in cohesion of centrosomes, and also facilitate the maintenance of the numerical, positional and structural integrity of centrosomes. Herein, we elucidate the decisive mechanisms undertaken by MiMos to mediate centrosome homeostasis, and how dysregulation of the same might lead to CC in cancer cells. Understanding the impact of MiMos on CC might open up avenues toward a credible therapeutic target against diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Priyanga
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Goundiam O, Basto R. Centrosomes in disease: how the same music can sound so different? Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:74-82. [PMID: 33186811 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing center of animal cells. Centrosomes contribute to timely bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis and participate in the regulation of other processes such as polarity establishment and cell migration. Centrosome numbers are tightly controlled during the cell cycle to ensure that mitosis is initiated with only two centrosomes. Deviations in centrosome number or structure are known to impact cell or tissue homeostasis and can impact different processes as diverse as proliferation, death or disease. Interestingly, defects in centrosome number seem to culminate with common responses, which depend on p53 activation even in different contexts such as development or cancer. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with essential roles in the maintenance of genetic stability normally stimulated by various cellular stresses. Here, we review current knowledge and discuss how defects in centrosome structure and number can lead to different human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumou Goundiam
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d' Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Lab, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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18
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Cunningham CE, MacAuley MJ, Vizeacoumar FS, Abuhussein O, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. The CINs of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102953. [PMID: 33066048 PMCID: PMC7599805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many alterations specific to cancer cells have been investigated as targets for targeted therapies. Chromosomal instability is a characteristic of nearly all cancers that can limit response to targeted therapies by ensuring the tumor population is not genetically homogenous. Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is often up regulated in cancers and it regulates chromosomal instability extensively. PLK1 has been the subject of much pre-clinical and clinical studies, but thus far, PLK1 inhibitors have not shown significant improvement in cancer patients. We discuss the numerous roles and interactions of PLK1 in regulating chromosomal instability, and how these may provide an avenue for identifying targets for targeted therapies. As selective inhibitors of PLK1 showed limited clinical success, we also highlight how genetic interactions of PLK1 may be exploited to tackle these challenges. Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed near ubiquitously across all cancer types and dysregulation of this enzyme is closely tied to increased chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity. PLK1 is a mitotic kinase with a critical role in maintaining chromosomal integrity through its function in processes ranging from the mitotic checkpoint, centrosome biogenesis, bipolar spindle formation, chromosome segregation, DNA replication licensing, DNA damage repair, and cytokinesis. The relation between dysregulated PLK1 and chromosomal instability (CIN) makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials with PLK1 inhibitors as cancer drugs have generally displayed poor responses or adverse side-effects. This is in part because targeting CIN regulators, including PLK1, can elevate CIN to lethal levels in normal cells, affecting normal physiology. Nevertheless, aiming at related genetic interactions, such as synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) interactions of PLK1 instead of PLK1 itself, can help to avoid the detrimental side effects associated with increased levels of CIN. Since PLK1 overexpression contributes to tumor heterogeneity, targeting SDL interactions may also provide an effective strategy to suppressing this malignant phenotype in a personalized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Mackenzie J. MacAuley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Omar Abuhussein
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
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19
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Chatterjee S, Sarkar A, Zhu J, Khodjakov A, Mogilner A, Paul R. Mechanics of Multicentrosomal Clustering in Bipolar Mitotic Spindles. Biophys J 2020; 119:434-447. [PMID: 32610087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To segregate chromosomes in mitosis, cells assemble a mitotic spindle, a molecular machine with centrosomes at two opposing cell poles and chromosomes at the equator. Microtubules and molecular motors connect the poles to kinetochores, specialized protein assemblies on the centromere regions of the chromosomes. Bipolarity of the spindle is crucial for the proper cell division, and two centrosomes in animal cells naturally become two spindle poles. Cancer cells are often multicentrosomal, yet they are able to assemble bipolar spindles by clustering centrosomes into two spindle poles. Mechanisms of this clustering are debated. In this study, we computationally screen effective forces between 1) centrosomes, 2) centrosomes and kinetochores, 3) centrosomes and chromosome arms, and 4) centrosomes and cell cortex to understand mechanics that determines three-dimensional spindle architecture. To do this, we use the stochastic Monte Carlo search for stable mechanical equilibria in the effective energy landscape of the spindle. We find that the following conditions have to be met to robustly assemble the bipolar spindle in a multicentrosomal cell: 1) the strengths of centrosomes' attraction to each other and to the cell cortex have to be proportional to each other and 2) the strengths of centrosomes' attraction to kinetochores and repulsion from the chromosome arms have to be proportional to each other. We also find that three other spindle configurations emerge if these conditions are not met: 1) collapsed, 2) monopolar, and 3) multipolar spindles, and the computational screen reveals mechanical conditions for these abnormal spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apurba Sarkar
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Jie Zhu
- Gerber Technology, Tolland, Connecticut
| | - Alexei Khodjakov
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Raja Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
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20
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Microtubule Organization in Striated Muscle Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061395. [PMID: 32503326 PMCID: PMC7349303 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinctly organized microtubule networks contribute to the function of differentiated cell types such as neurons, epithelial cells, skeletal myotubes, and cardiomyocytes. In striated (i.e., skeletal and cardiac) muscle cells, the nuclear envelope acts as the dominant microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) and the function of the centrosome—the canonical MTOC of mammalian cells—is attenuated, a common feature of differentiated cell types. We summarize the mechanisms known to underlie MTOC formation at the nuclear envelope, discuss the significance of the nuclear envelope MTOC for muscle function and cell cycle progression, and outline potential mechanisms of centrosome attenuation.
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21
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Goupil A, Nano M, Letort G, Gemble S, Edwards F, Goundiam O, Gogendeau D, Pennetier C, Basto R. Chromosomes function as a barrier to mitotic spindle bipolarity in polyploid cells. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133854. [PMID: 32328633 PMCID: PMC7147111 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ploidy variations such as genome doubling are frequent in human tumors and have been associated with genetic instability favoring tumor progression. How polyploid cells deal with increased centrosome numbers and DNA content remains unknown. Using Drosophila neuroblasts and human cancer cells to study mitotic spindle assembly in polyploid cells, we found that most polyploid cells divide in a multipolar manner. We show that even if an initial centrosome clustering step can occur at mitotic entry, the establishment of kinetochore-microtubule attachments leads to spatial chromosome configurations, whereby the final coalescence of supernumerary poles into a bipolar array is inhibited. Using in silico approaches and various spindle and DNA perturbations, we show that chromosomes act as a physical barrier blocking spindle pole coalescence and bipolarity. Importantly, microtubule stabilization suppressed multipolarity by improving both centrosome clustering and pole coalescence. This work identifies inhibitors of bipolar division in polyploid cells and provides a rationale to understand chromosome instability typical of polyploid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Goupil
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Maddalena Nano
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, UMR7241/U1050, Paris, France
| | - Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Frances Edwards
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Oumou Goundiam
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Gogendeau
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Carole Pennetier
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, Paris Science et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
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22
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Marthiens V, Basto R. Centrosomes: The good and the bad for brain development. Biol Cell 2020; 112:153-172. [PMID: 32170757 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes nucleate and organise the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells. These membraneless organelles are key structures for tissue organisation, polarity and growth. Centrosome dysfunction, defined as deviation in centrosome numbers and/or structural integrity, has major impact on brain size and functionality, as compared with other tissues of the organism. In this review, we discuss the contribution of centrosomes to brain growth during development. We discuss in particular the impact of centrosome dysfunction in Drosophila and mammalian neural stem cell division and fitness, which ultimately underlie brain growth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Marthiens
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, 75005, France
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23
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Vandervore LV, Schot R, Kasteleijn E, Oegema R, Stouffs K, Gheldof A, Grochowska MM, van der Sterre MLT, van Unen LMA, Wilke M, Elfferich P, van der Spek PJ, Heijsman D, Grandone A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Schaaf GJ, Masius RG, van Essen AJ, Rump P, van Haeringen A, Peeters E, Altunoglu U, Kalayci T, Poot RA, Dobyns WB, Bahi-Buisson N, Verheijen FW, Jansen AC, Mancini GMS. Heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and cerebral malformations reflected by rotatin cellular dynamics. Brain 2019; 142:867-884. [PMID: 30879067 PMCID: PMC6439326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in RTTN, encoding the protein rotatin, were originally identified as cause of polymicrogyria, a cortical malformation. With time, a wide variety of other brain malformations has been ascribed to RTTN mutations, including primary microcephaly. Rotatin is a centrosomal protein possibly involved in centriolar elongation and ciliogenesis. However, the function of rotatin in brain development is largely unknown and the molecular disease mechanism underlying cortical malformations has not yet been elucidated. We performed both clinical and cell biological studies, aimed at clarifying rotatin function and pathogenesis. Review of the 23 published and five unpublished clinical cases and genomic mutations, including the effect of novel deep intronic pathogenic mutations on RTTN transcripts, allowed us to extrapolate the core phenotype, consisting of intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, lissencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria and other malformations. We show that the severity of the phenotype is related to residual function of the protein, not only the level of mRNA expression. Skin fibroblasts from eight affected individuals were studied by high resolution immunomicroscopy and flow cytometry, in parallel with in vitro expression of RTTN in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that rotatin regulates different phases of the cell cycle and is mislocalized in affected individuals. Mutant cells showed consistent and severe mitotic failure with centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation, leading to aneuploidy and apoptosis, which could relate to depletion of neuronal progenitors often observed in microcephaly. We confirmed the role of rotatin in functional and structural maintenance of primary cilia and determined that the protein localized not only to the basal body, but also to the axoneme, proving the functional interconnectivity between ciliogenesis and cell cycle progression. Proteomics analysis of both native and exogenous rotatin uncovered that rotatin interacts with the neuronal (non-muscle) myosin heavy chain subunits, motors of nucleokinesis during neuronal migration, and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bipolar mature neurons rotatin localizes at the centrosome in the leading edge. This illustrates the role of rotatin in neuronal migration. These different functions of rotatin explain why RTTN mutations can lead to heterogeneous cerebral malformations, both related to proliferation and migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Vandervore
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Kasteleijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Bio-informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martyna M Grochowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne L T van der Sterre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Elfferich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daphne Heijsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy G Masius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J van Essen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Juliana Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Els Peeters
- Department of Medical genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Millet Cd, 34093 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tugba Kalayci
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR-1163, Laboratory Genetics and Embryology of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Institut des Maladies Génétiques 24, Boulevard de Montparnasse, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Vanhaesebroeck B, Bilanges B, Madsen RR, Dale KL, Lau E, Vladimirou E. Perspective: Potential Impact and Therapeutic Implications of Oncogenic PI3K Activation on Chromosomal Instability. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E331. [PMID: 31374965 PMCID: PMC6723836 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic activation of the class I PI3K pathway is very common in cancer. This mostly results from oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed PI3Kα catalytic subunit, or from inactivation of the PTEN tumour suppressor, a lipid phosphatase that opposes class I PI3K signalling. The clinical impact of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumours, aimed at dampening cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, has thus far been limited. Challenges include poor drug tolerance, incomplete pathway inhibition and pre-existing or inhibitor-induced resistance. The principle of pharmacologically targeting cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity also assumes that all cancer-promoting effects of PI3K activation are reversible, which might not be the case. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic PI3K pathway activation can induce and/or allow cells to tolerate chromosomal instability, which-even if occurring in a low fraction of the cell population-might help to facilitate and/or drive tumour evolution. While it is clear that such genomic events cannot be reverted pharmacologically, a role for PI3K in the regulation of chromosomal instability could be exploited by using PI3K pathway inhibitors to prevent those genomic events from happening and/or reduce the pace at which they are occurring, thereby dampening cancer development or progression. Such an impact might be most effective in tumours with clonal PI3K activation and achievable at lower drug doses than the maximum-tolerated doses of PI3K inhibitors currently used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katie L Dale
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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25
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Leone M, Engel FB. Pseudo-bipolar spindle formation and cell division in postnatal binucleated cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 134:69-73. [PMID: 31301302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of adult human, mouse and rat cardiomyocytes is not diploid mononucleated. Nevertheless, the current literature on heart regeneration based on cardiomyocyte proliferation focuses mainly on the proliferation capacity of diploid mononucleated cardiomyocytes, instead of the more abundant mononucleated polyploid or binucleated cardiomyocytes. Here, we aimed at a better understanding of the process of mitosis and cell division in postnatal binucleated cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Postnatal rat binucleated cardiomyocytes were stimulated to re-enter the cell cycle either by fetal bovine serum or a combination of fibroblast growth factor 1 and p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. Phase-contrast videos revealed that binucleated cardiomyocytes form one metaphase plate and preferentially undergo afterwards cytokinesis failure. The maximum rate of cell division of video-recorded binucleated cardiomyocytes was around 6%. Immunofluorescence analyses of centriole number in mitotic binucleated cardiomyocytes revealed that these cells contain more than four centrioles, which can be paired as well as unpaired. In agreement with multiple and/or unpaired centrioles, multipolar spindle formation was observed in mitotic binucleated cardiomyocytes using fluorescence live imaging of tubulin-GFP. Multipoles were transient and resolved into pseudo-bipolar spindles both in case of cell division and cytokinesis failure. Notably, centrioles were in most cases unevenly distributed among daughter cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that postnatal binucleated cardiomyocytes upon stimulation can enter mitosis, cope with their multiple and/or unpaired centrioles by forming pseudo-bipolar spindles, and divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leone
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Muscle Research Center (Erlangen (MURCE)), Germany.
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26
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Nanjundappa R, Kong D, Shim K, Stearns T, Brody SL, Loncarek J, Mahjoub MR. Regulation of cilia abundance in multiciliated cells. eLife 2019; 8:e44039. [PMID: 31025935 PMCID: PMC6504233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCC) contain hundreds of motile cilia used to propel fluid over their surface. To template these cilia, each MCC produces between 100-600 centrioles by a process termed centriole amplification. Yet, how MCC regulate the precise number of centrioles and cilia remains unknown. Airway progenitor cells contain two parental centrioles (PC) and form structures called deuterosomes that nucleate centrioles during amplification. Using an ex vivo airway culture model, we show that ablation of PC does not perturb deuterosome formation and centriole amplification. In contrast, loss of PC caused an increase in deuterosome and centriole abundance, highlighting the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Quantification of centriole abundance in vitro and in vivo identified a linear relationship between surface area and centriole number. By manipulating cell size, we discovered that centriole number scales with surface area. Our results demonstrate that a cell-intrinsic surface area-dependent mechanism controls centriole and cilia abundance in multiciliated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Nanjundappa
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Dong Kong
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Steven L Brody
- Pulmonary Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Nephrology Division, Department of MedicineWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington UniversitySt LouisUnited States
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27
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Uzquiano A, Francis F. Rotatin' the phenotypes. Brain 2019; 142:834-838. [PMID: 30946475 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uzquiano
- Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1270, F-75005, Paris.,Inserm U 1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1270, F-75005, Paris.,Inserm U 1270, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, Paris, France
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28
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Kneissig M, Bernhard S, Storchova Z. Modelling chromosome structural and copy number changes to understand cancer genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 54:25-32. [PMID: 30921673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells differ from healthy cells by genetic information that is massively altered not only by point mutations and small insertions and deletions, but also by large scale changes such as chromosomal rearrangements as well as gains and losses of individual chromosomes or entire chromosome sets. How exactly large-scale chromosomal abnormalities contribute to tumorigenesis has been difficult to study. Remarkable progress has been recently made thanks to in vitro models that mimic large-scale chromosomal aberrations and allow their systematic analysis. The obtained findings reveal that genomic alterations strongly affect the cellular physiology and, importantly, instigate further genomic instability. This suggests that these model systems might provide novel insights by recapitulating the processes that occur during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kneissig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sara Bernhard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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29
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Dionne LK, Shim K, Hoshi M, Cheng T, Wang J, Marthiens V, Knoten A, Basto R, Jain S, Mahjoub MR. Centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and causes cystogenesis. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2485-2501. [PMID: 29895697 PMCID: PMC6028550 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrosomes are commonly observed in cystic kidneys, but whether they are a cause or consequence of cystogenesis is unknown. Dionne et al. demonstrate that centrosome amplification disrupts renal development and is sufficient to induce cystogenesis in vivo. Centrosome number is tightly controlled to ensure proper ciliogenesis, mitotic spindle assembly, and cellular homeostasis. Centrosome amplification (the formation of excess centrosomes) has been noted in renal cells of patients and animal models of various types of cystic kidney disease. Whether this defect plays a causal role in cystogenesis remains unknown. Here, we investigate the consequences of centrosome amplification during kidney development, homeostasis, and after injury. Increasing centrosome number in vivo perturbed proliferation and differentiation of renal progenitors, resulting in defective branching morphogenesis and renal hypoplasia. Centrosome amplification disrupted mitotic spindle morphology, ciliary assembly, and signaling pathways essential for the function of renal progenitors, highlighting the mechanisms underlying the developmental defects. Importantly, centrosome amplification was sufficient to induce rapid cystogenesis shortly after birth. Finally, we discovered that centrosome amplification sensitized kidneys in adult mice, causing cystogenesis after ischemic renal injury. Our study defines a new mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of renal cystogenesis, and identifies a potentially new cellular target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Kuan Dionne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tao Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Amanda Knoten
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renata Basto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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30
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Baudoin NC, Cimini D. A guide to classifying mitotic stages and mitotic defects in fixed cells. Chromosoma 2018; 127:215-227. [PMID: 29411093 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is fundamental to life and its perturbation can disrupt organismal development, alter tissue homeostasis, and cause disease. Analysis of mitotic abnormalities provides insight into how certain perturbations affect the fidelity of cell division and how specific cellular structures, molecules, and enzymatic activities contribute to the accuracy of this process. However, accurate classification of mitotic defects is instrumental for correct interpretation of data and formulation of new hypotheses. In this article, we provide guidelines for identifying specific mitotic stages and for classifying normal and deviant mitotic phenotypes. We hope this will clarify confusion about how certain defects are classified and help investigators avoid misnomers, misclassification, and/or misinterpretation, thus leading to a unified and standardized system to classify mitotic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C Baudoin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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31
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Curigliano G. Targeting DNA Repair. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 249:161-180. [PMID: 30341723 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a characteristic of most human cancers and plays critical roles in both cancer development and progression. There are various forms of genomic instability arising from many different pathways, such as DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, centrosome amplification, telomere damage, and epigenetic modifications. DNA-repair pathways can enable tumor cells to survive DNA damage. The failure to respond to DNA damage is a characteristic associated with genomic instability. Understanding of genomic instability in cancer is still very limited, but the further understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the DNA damage response (DDR) operates, in combination with the elucidation of the genetic interactions between DDR pathways and other cell pathways, will provide therapeutic opportunities for the personalized medicine of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Curigliano
- Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy Division, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435 20141, Milan, Italy.
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32
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Bijnsdorp IV, Hodzic J, Lagerweij T, Westerman B, Krijgsman O, Broeke J, Verweij F, Nilsson RJA, Rozendaal L, van Beusechem VW, van Moorselaar JA, Wurdinger T, Geldof AA. miR-129-3p controls centrosome number in metastatic prostate cancer cells by repressing CP110. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16676-87. [PMID: 26918338 PMCID: PMC4941343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome plays a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, it is unclear how abnormal centrosome numbers are regulated when prostate cancer (PCa) cells become metastatic. CP110 was previously described for its contribution of centrosome amplification (CA) and early development of aggressive cell behaviour. However its regulation in metastatic cells remains unclear. Here we identified miR-129-3p as a novel metastatic microRNA. CP110 was identified as its target protein. In PCa cells that have metastatic capacity, CP110 expression was repressed by miR-129-3p. High miR-129-3p expression levels increased cell invasion, while increasing CP110 levels decreased cell invasion. Overexpression of CP110 in metastatic PCa cells resulted in a decrease in the number of metastasis. In tissues of PCa patients, low CP110 and high miR-129-3p expression levels correlated with metastasis, but not with the expression of genes related to EMT. Furthermore, overexpression of CP110 in metastatic PCa cells resulted in excessive-CA (E-CA), and a change in F-actin distribution which is in agreement with their reduced metastatic capacity. Our data demonstrate that miR-129-3p functions as a CA gatekeeper in metastatic PCa cells by maintaining pro-metastatic centrosome amplification (CA) and preventing anti-metastatic E-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene V Bijnsdorp
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmina Hodzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Broeke
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Verweij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Jonas A Nilsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lawrence Rozendaal
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert A Geldof
- Department of Urology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Rhys AD, Monteiro P, Smith C, Vaghela M, Arnandis T, Kato T, Leitinger B, Sahai E, McAinsh A, Charras G, Godinho SA. Loss of E-cadherin provides tolerance to centrosome amplification in epithelial cancer cells. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:195-209. [PMID: 29133484 PMCID: PMC5748979 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome clustering is essential for the survival of cells containing supernumerary centrosomes. Rhys et al. show that centrosome clustering is a two-step mechanism in which increased cortical contractility, driven by loss of E-cadherin, restricts centrosome movement, facilitating HSET-mediated clustering. Centrosome amplification is a common feature of human tumors. To survive, cancer cells cluster extra centrosomes during mitosis, avoiding the detrimental effects of multipolar divisions. However, it is unclear whether clustering requires adaptation or is inherent to all cells. Here, we show that cells have varied abilities to cluster extra centrosomes. Epithelial cells are innately inefficient at clustering even in the presence of HSET/KIFC1, which is essential but not sufficient to promote clustering. The presence of E-cadherin decreases cortical contractility during mitosis through a signaling cascade leading to multipolar divisions, and its knockout promotes clustering and survival of cells with multiple centrosomes. Cortical contractility restricts centrosome movement at a minimal distance required for HSET/KIFC1 to exert its function, highlighting a biphasic model for centrosome clustering. In breast cancer cell lines, increased levels of centrosome amplification are accompanied by efficient clustering and loss of E-cadherin, indicating that this is an important adaptation mechanism to centrosome amplification in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Rhys
- Barts Cancer Institute-CRUK Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, England, UK
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Barts Cancer Institute-CRUK Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, England, UK
| | - Christopher Smith
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Malti Vaghela
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Teresa Arnandis
- Barts Cancer Institute-CRUK Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, England, UK
| | - Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Birgit Leitinger
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Andrew McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Division of Biomedical Science, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, England, UK
| | - Susana A Godinho
- Barts Cancer Institute-CRUK Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, England, UK
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34
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Darling S, Fielding AB, Sabat-Pośpiech D, Prior IA, Coulson JM. Regulation of the cell cycle and centrosome biology by deubiquitylases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1125-1136. [PMID: 28900014 PMCID: PMC5652225 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins by ubiquitylation is increasingly recognised as a highly complex code that contributes to the regulation of diverse cellular processes. In humans, a family of almost 100 deubiquitylase enzymes (DUBs) are assigned to six subfamilies and many of these DUBs can remove ubiquitin from proteins to reverse signals. Roles for individual DUBs have been delineated within specific cellular processes, including many that are dysregulated in diseases, particularly cancer. As potentially druggable enzymes, disease-associated DUBs are of increasing interest as pharmaceutical targets. The biology, structure and regulation of DUBs have been extensively reviewed elsewhere, so here we focus specifically on roles of DUBs in regulating cell cycle processes in mammalian cells. Over a quarter of all DUBs, representing four different families, have been shown to play roles either in the unidirectional progression of the cell cycle through specific checkpoints, or in the DNA damage response and repair pathways. We catalogue these roles and discuss specific examples. Centrosomes are the major microtubule nucleating centres within a cell and play a key role in forming the bipolar mitotic spindle required to accurately divide genetic material between daughter cells during cell division. To enable this mitotic role, centrosomes undergo a complex replication cycle that is intimately linked to the cell division cycle. Here, we also catalogue and discuss DUBs that have been linked to centrosome replication or function, including centrosome clustering, a mitotic survival strategy unique to cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Darling
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Andrew B Fielding
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Dorota Sabat-Pośpiech
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Ian A Prior
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
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35
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DDX3 localizes to the centrosome and prevents multipolar mitosis by epigenetically and translationally modulating p53 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9411. [PMID: 28842590 PMCID: PMC5573351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 plays divergent roles in tumorigenesis, however, its function in mitosis is unclear. Immunofluorescence indicated that DDX3 localized to centrosome throughout the cell cycle and colocalized with centrosome-associated p53 during mitosis in HCT116 and U2OS cells. DDX3 depletion promoted chromosome misalignment, segregation defects and multipolar mitosis, eventually leading to G2/M delay and cell death. DDX3 prevented multipolar mitosis by inactivation and coalescence of supernumerary centrosomes. DDX3 silencing suppressed Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 which is required for p53 centrosomal localization. Additionally, knockout of p53 dramatically diminished the association of DDX3 with centrosome, which was rescued by overexpression of the centrosomal targeting-defective p53 S15A mutant, indicating that centrosomal localization of DDX3 is p53 dependent but not through centrosomal location of p53. Furthermore, DDX3 knockdown suppressed p53 transcription through activation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) along with hypermethylation of p53 promoter and promoting the binding of repressive histone marks to p53 promoter. Moreover, DDX3 modulated p53 mRNA translation. Taken together, our study suggests that DDX3 regulates epigenetic transcriptional and translational activation of p53 and colocalizes with p53 at centrosome during mitosis to ensure proper mitotic progression and genome stability, which supports the tumor-suppressive role of DDX3.
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36
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Amplified centrosomes and mitotic index display poor concordance between patient tumors and cultured cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43984. [PMID: 28272508 PMCID: PMC5341055 DOI: 10.1038/srep43984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome aberrations (CA) and abnormal mitoses are considered beacons of malignancy. Cancer cell doubling times in patient tumors are longer than in cultures, but differences in CA between tumors and cultured cells are uncharacterized. We compare mitoses and CA in patient tumors, xenografts, and tumor cell lines. We find that mitoses are rare in patient tumors compared with xenografts and cell lines. Contrastingly, CA is more extensive in patient tumors and xenografts (~35–50% cells) than cell lines (~5–15%), although CA declines in patient-derived tumor cells over time. Intratumoral hypoxia may explain elevated CA in vivo because exposure of cultured cells to hypoxia or mimicking hypoxia pharmacologically or genetically increases CA, and HIF-1α and hypoxic gene signature expression correlate with CA and centrosomal gene signature expression in breast tumors. These results highlight the importance of utilizing low-passage-number patient-derived cell lines in studying CA to more faithfully recapitulate in vivo cellular phenotypes.
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37
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Leoni M, Manyuhina OV, Bowick MJ, Marchetti MC. Defect driven shapes in nematic droplets: analogies with cell division. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1257-1266. [PMID: 28102411 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02584f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Building on the striking similarity between the structure of the spindle during mitosis in living cells and nematic textures in confined liquid crystals, we use a continuum model of two-dimensional nematic liquid crystal droplets to examine the physical aspects of cell division. The model investigates the interplay between bulk elasticity of the microtubule assembly, described as a nematic liquid crystal, and surface elasticity of the cell cortex, modeled as a bounding flexible membrane, in controlling cell shape and division. The centrosomes at the spindle poles correspond to the cores of the topological defects required to accommodate nematic order in a closed geometry. We map out the progression of both healthy bipolar and faulty multi-polar division as a function of an effective parameter that incorporates active processes and controls centrosome separation. A robust prediction, independent of energetic considerations, is that the transition from a single cell to daughters cells occurs at critical value of this parameter. Our model additionally suggests that microtubule anchoring at the cell cortex may play an important role for successful bipolar division. This can be tested experimentally by regulating microtubule anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leoni
- Physics Department and Soft Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. and Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Oksana V Manyuhina
- Physics Department and Soft Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Mark J Bowick
- Physics Department and Soft Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106- 4030, USA
| | - M Cristina Marchetti
- Physics Department and Soft Matter Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Centromeric chromatin undergoes major changes in composition and architecture during each cell cycle. These changes in specialized chromatin facilitate kinetochore formation in mitosis to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Thus, proper orchestration of centromeric chromatin dynamics during interphase, including replication in S phase, is crucial. We provide the current view concerning the centromeric architecture associated with satellite repeat sequences in mammals and its dynamics during the cell cycle. We summarize the contributions of deposited histone variants and their chaperones, other centromeric components - including proteins and their post-translational modifications, and RNAs - and we link the expression and deposition timing of each component during the cell cycle. Because neocentromeres occur at ectopic sites, we highlight how cell cycle processes can go wrong, leading to neocentromere formation and potentially disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3664, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3664, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR3664, F-75005 Paris, France
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39
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Dividing with Extra Centrosomes: A Double Edged Sword for Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:47-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Locatelli M, Curigliano G. Targeting Genome Instability and DNA Repair. Breast Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48848-6_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The centrosome is the main microtubule organizing center of animal cells. It contributes to spindle assembly and orientation during mitosis and to ciliogenesis in interphase. Numerical and structural defects in this organelle are known to be associated with developmental disorders such as dwarfism and microcephaly, but only recently, the molecular mechanisms linking centrosome aberrations to altered physiology are being elucidated. Defects in centrosome number or structure have also been described in cancer. These opposite clinical outcomes--arising from reduced proliferation and overproliferation respectively--can be explained in light of the tissue- and developmental-specific requirements for centrosome functions. The pathological outcomes of centrosome deficiencies have become clearer when considering its consequences. Among them, there are genetic instability (mainly aneuploidy, a defect in chromosome number), defects in the symmetry of cell division (important for cell fate specification and tissue architecture) and impaired ciliogenesis. In this review, we discuss the origins and the consequences of centrosome flaws, with particular attention on how they contribute to developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
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42
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14-3-3γ Prevents Centrosome Amplification and Neoplastic Progression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26580. [PMID: 27253419 PMCID: PMC4890593 DOI: 10.1038/srep26580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 80% of malignant tumors show centrosome amplification and clustering. Centrosome amplification results from aberrations in the centrosome duplication cycle, which is strictly coordinated with DNA-replication-cycle. However, the relationship between cell-cycle regulators and centrosome duplicating factors is not well understood. This report demonstrates that 14-3-3γ localizes to the centrosome and 14-3-3γ loss leads to centrosome amplification. Loss of 14-3-3γ results in the phosphorylation of NPM1 at Thr-199, causing early centriole disjunction and centrosome hyper-duplication. The centrosome amplification led to aneuploidy and increased tumor formation in mice. Importantly, an increase in passage of the 14-3-3γ-knockdown cells led to an increase in the number of cells containing clustered centrosomes leading to the generation of pseudo-bipolar spindles. The increase in pseudo-bipolar spindles was reversed and an increase in the number of multi-polar spindles was observed upon expression of a constitutively active 14-3-3-binding-defective-mutant of cdc25C (S216A) in the 14-3-3γ knockdown cells. The increase in multi-polar spindle formation was associated with decreased cell viability and a decrease in tumor growth. Our findings uncover the molecular basis of regulation of centrosome duplication by 14-3-3γ and inhibition of tumor growth by premature activation of the mitotic program and the disruption of centrosome clustering.
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43
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Milunović-Jevtić A, Mooney P, Sulerud T, Bisht J, Gatlin JC. Centrosomal clustering contributes to chromosomal instability and cancer. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 40:113-118. [PMID: 27046071 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cells assemble mitotic spindles during each round of division to insure accurate segregation of their duplicated genome. In animal cells, stereotypical spindles have two poles, each containing one centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated. By contrast, many cancer cells often contain more than two centrosomes and form transient multipolar spindle structures with more than two poles. In order to divide and produce viable progeny, the multipolar spindle intermediate must be reshaped into a pseudo-bipolar structure via a process called centrosomal clustering. Pseudo-bipolar spindles appear to function normally during mitosis, but they occasionally give rise to aneuploid and transformed daughter cells. Agents that inhibit centrosomal clustering might therefore work as a potential cancer therapy, specifically targeting mitosis in supernumerary centrosome-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Mooney
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - T Sulerud
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - J Bisht
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States
| | - J C Gatlin
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, United States.
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44
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Chavali PL, Chandrasekaran G, Barr AR, Tátrai P, Taylor C, Papachristou EK, Woods CG, Chavali S, Gergely F. A CEP215-HSET complex links centrosomes with spindle poles and drives centrosome clustering in cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11005. [PMID: 26987684 PMCID: PMC4802056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerical centrosome aberrations underlie certain developmental abnormalities and may promote cancer. A cell maintains normal centrosome numbers by coupling centrosome duplication with segregation, which is achieved through sustained association of each centrosome with a mitotic spindle pole. Although the microcephaly- and primordial dwarfism-linked centrosomal protein CEP215 has been implicated in this process, the molecular mechanism responsible remains unclear. Here, using proteomic profiling, we identify the minus end-directed microtubule motor protein HSET as a direct binding partner of CEP215. Targeted deletion of the HSET-binding domain of CEP215 in vertebrate cells causes centrosome detachment and results in HSET depletion at centrosomes, a phenotype also observed in CEP215-deficient patient-derived cells. Moreover, in cancer cells with centrosome amplification, the CEP215-HSET complex promotes the clustering of extra centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar spindles, thereby ensuring viable cell division. Therefore, stabilization of the centrosome-spindle pole interface by the CEP215-HSET complex could promote survival of cancer cells containing supernumerary centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra L. Chavali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Chris Taylor
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Evaggelia K. Papachristou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - C. Geoffrey Woods
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sreenivas Chavali
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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45
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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46
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Stepanenko A, Dmitrenko V. HEK293 in cell biology and cancer research: phenotype, karyotype, tumorigenicity, and stress-induced genome-phenotype evolution. Gene 2015; 569:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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47
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Chandrasekaran G, Tátrai P, Gergely F. Hitting the brakes: targeting microtubule motors in cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:693-8. [PMID: 26180922 PMCID: PMC4559828 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of therapies that target cancer-specific pathways, cytotoxic treatments remain important clinical tools. The rationale for targeting cell proliferation by chemotherapeutic agents stems from the assumption that tumours harbour a greater fraction of actively dividing cells than normal tissues. One such group of cytotoxic drugs impair microtubule polymers, which are cytoskeletal components of cells essential for many processes including mitosis. However, in addition to their antimitotic action, these agents cause debilitating and dose-limiting neurotoxicity because of the essential functions of microtubules in neurons. To overcome this limitation, drugs against mitosis-specific targets have been developed over the past decade, albeit with variable clinical success. Here we review the key lessons learnt from antimitotic therapies with a focus on inhibitors of microtubule motor proteins. Furthermore, based on the cancer genome data, we describe a number of motor proteins with tumour type-specific alterations, which warrant further investigation in the quest for cytotoxic targets with increased cancer specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Péter Tátrai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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48
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Quartuccio SM, Schindler K. Functions of Aurora kinase C in meiosis and cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:50. [PMID: 26347867 PMCID: PMC4542505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes three Aurora kinase protein family members: A, B, and C. While Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and B (AURKB) are found in cells throughout the body, significant protein levels of Aurora kinase C (AURKC) are limited to cells that undergo meiosis (sperm and oocyte). Despite its discovery nearly 20 years ago, we know little about the function of AURKC compared to that of the other 2 Aurora kinases. This lack of understanding can be attributed to the high sequence homology between AURKB and AURKC preventing the use of standard approaches to understand non-overlapping and meiosis I (MI)-specific functions of the two kinases. Recent evidence has revealed distinct functions of AURKC in meiosis and may aid in our understanding of why chromosome segregation during MI often goes awry in oocytes. Many cancers aberrantly express AURKC, but because we do not fully understand AURKC function in its normal cellular context, it is difficult to predict the biological significance of this expression on the disease. Here, we consolidate and update what is known about AURKC signaling in meiotic cells to better understand why it has oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Quartuccio
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Piscataway, NJ, USA
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49
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Godinho SA, Pellman D. Causes and consequences of centrosome abnormalities in cancer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0467. [PMID: 25047621 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancer. However, despite significant progress in recent years, we are still far from understanding how centrosome amplification affects tumorigenesis. Boveri's hypothesis formulated more than 100 years ago was that aneuploidy induced by centrosome amplification promoted tumorigenesis. Although the hypothesis remains appealing 100 years later, it is also clear that the role of centrosome amplification in cancer is more complex than initially thought. Here, we review how centrosome abnormalities are generated in cancer and the mechanisms cells employ to adapt to centrosome amplification, in particular centrosome clustering. We discuss the different mechanisms by which centrosome amplification could contribute to tumour progression and the new advances in the development of therapies that target cells with extra centrosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Godinho
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - D Pellman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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50
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Telentschak S, Soliwoda M, Nohroudi K, Addicks K, Klinz FJ. Cytokinesis failure and successful multipolar mitoses drive aneuploidy in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2001-8. [PMID: 25625503 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent human brain tumor and is associated with a poor prognosis. Multipolar mitosis and spindles have occasionally been observed in cultured glioblastoma cells and in glioblastoma tissues, but their mode of origin and relevance have remained unclear. In the present study, we investigated a novel GB cell line (SGB4) exhibiting mitotic aberrations and established a functional link between cytokinesis failure, centrosome amplification, multipolar mitosis and aneuploidy in glioblastoma. Long-term live cell imaging showed that >3% of mitotic SGB4 cells underwent multipolar mitosis (tripolar>tetrapolar>pentapolar). A significant amount of daugther cells generated by multipolar mitosis were viable and completed several rounds of mitosis. Pedigree analysis of mitotic events revealed that in many cases a bipolar mitosis with failed cytokinesis occurred prior to a multipolar mitosis. Additionally, we observed that SGB4 cells were also able to undergo a bipolar mitosis after failed cytokinesis. Colchicine-induced mitotic arrest and metaphase spreads demonstrated that SGB4 cells had a modal chromosome number of 58 ranging from 23 to 170. Approximately 82% of SGB4 cells were hyperdiploid (47-57 chromosomes) or hypotriploid (58-68 chromosomes). In conclusion, SGB4 cells passed through multipolar cell divisions and generated viable progeny by reductive mitoses. Our results identified cytokinesis failure occurring before and after multipolar or bipolar mitoses as important mechanisms to generate chromosomal heterogeneity in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Telentschak
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark Soliwoda
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Addicks
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Klinz
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
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