1
|
Cossu G, Tonlorenzi R, Brunelli S, Sampaolesi M, Messina G, Azzoni E, Benedetti S, Biressi S, Bonfanti C, Bragg L, Camps J, Cappellari O, Cassano M, Ciceri F, Coletta M, Covarello D, Crippa S, Cusella-De Angelis MG, De Angelis L, Dellavalle A, Diaz-Manera J, Galli D, Galli F, Gargioli C, Gerli MFM, Giacomazzi G, Galvez BG, Hoshiya H, Guttinger M, Innocenzi A, Minasi MG, Perani L, Previtali SC, Quattrocelli M, Ragazzi M, Roostalu U, Rossi G, Scardigli R, Sirabella D, Tedesco FS, Torrente Y, Ugarte G. Mesoangioblasts at 20: From the embryonic aorta to the patient bed. Front Genet 2022; 13:1056114. [PMID: 36685855 PMCID: PMC9845585 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2002 we published an article describing a population of vessel-associated progenitors that we termed mesoangioblasts (MABs). During the past decade evidence had accumulated that during muscle development and regeneration things may be more complex than a simple sequence of binary choices (e.g., dorsal vs. ventral somite). LacZ expressing fibroblasts could fuse with unlabelled myoblasts but not among themselves or with other cell types. Bone marrow derived, circulating progenitors were able to participate in muscle regeneration, though in very small percentage. Searching for the embryonic origin of these progenitors, we identified them as originating at least in part from the embryonic aorta and, at later stages, from the microvasculature of skeletal muscle. While continuing to investigate origin and fate of MABs, the fact that they could be expanded in vitro (also from human muscle) and cross the vessel wall, suggested a protocol for the cell therapy of muscular dystrophies. We tested this protocol in mice and dogs before proceeding to the first clinical trial on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients that showed safety but minimal efficacy. In the last years, we have worked to overcome the problem of low engraftment and tried to understand their role as auxiliary myogenic progenitors during development and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Benedetti
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Biressi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonfanti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laricia Bragg
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Camps
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Coletta
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute of Gene Theray, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luciana De Angelis
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia F. M. Gerli
- UCL Department of Surgical Biotechnology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz G. Galvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Innocenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Giulia Minasi
- Lavitaminasi, Clinical Nutrition and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - Urmas Roostalu
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), pRED Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Dario Sirabella
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvan Torrente
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sheveleva ON, Payushina OV, Butorina NN, Domaratskaya EI. The Myogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902005009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
3
|
Cacchiarelli D, Qiu X, Srivatsan S, Manfredi A, Ziller M, Overbey E, Grimaldi A, Grimsby J, Pokharel P, Livak KJ, Li S, Meissner A, Mikkelsen TS, Rinn JL, Trapnell C. Aligning Single-Cell Developmental and Reprogramming Trajectories Identifies Molecular Determinants of Myogenic Reprogramming Outcome. Cell Syst 2018; 7:258-268.e3. [PMID: 30195438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming through manipulation of defined factors holds great promise for large-scale production of cell types needed for use in therapy and for revealing principles of gene regulation. However, most reprogramming systems are inefficient, converting only a fraction of cells to the desired state. Here, we analyze MYOD-mediated reprogramming of human fibroblasts to myotubes, a well-characterized model system for direct conversion by defined factors, at pseudotemporal resolution using single-cell RNA-seq. To expose barriers to efficient conversion, we introduce a novel analytic technique, trajectory alignment, which enables quantitative comparison of gene expression kinetics across two biological processes. Reprogrammed cells navigate a trajectory with branch points that correspond to two alternative decision points, with cells that select incorrect branches terminating at aberrant or incomplete reprogramming outcomes. Analysis of these branch points revealed insulin and BMP signaling as crucial molecular determinants of reprogramming. Single-cell trajectory alignment enables rigorous quantitative comparisons between biological trajectories found in diverse processes in development, reprogramming, and other contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cacchiarelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Manfredi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Eliah Overbey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Grimaldi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Jonna Grimsby
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Shuqiang Li
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tarjei S Mikkelsen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rivera-Mulia JC, Schwerer H, Besnard E, Desprat R, Trevilla-Garcia C, Sima J, Bensadoun P, Zouaoui A, Gilbert DM, Lemaitre JM. Cellular senescence induces replication stress with almost no affect on DNA replication timing. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1667-1681. [PMID: 29963964 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1491235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Organismal aging entails a gradual decline of normal physiological functions and a major contributor to this decline is withdrawal of the cell cycle, known as senescence. Senescence can result from telomere diminution leading to a finite number of population doublings, known as replicative senescence (RS), or from oncogene overexpression, as a protective mechanism against cancer. Senescence is associated with large-scale chromatin re-organization and changes in gene expression. Replication stress is a complex phenomenon, defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression and/or DNA synthesis, which has serious implications for genome stability, and consequently in human diseases. Aberrant replication fork structures activate the replication stress response leading to the activation of dormant origins, which is thought to be a safeguard mechanism to complete DNA replication on time. However, the relationship between replicative stress and the changes in the spatiotemporal program of DNA replication in senescence progression remains unclear. Here, we studied the DNA replication program during senescence progression in proliferative and pre-senescent cells from donors of various ages by single DNA fiber combing of replicated DNA, origin mapping by sequencing short nascent strands and genome-wide profiling of replication timing (TRT). We demonstrate that, progression into RS leads to reduced replication fork rates and activation of dormant origins, which are the hallmarks of replication stress. However, with the exception of a delay in RT of the CREB5 gene in all pre-senescent cells, RT was globally unaffected by replication stress during entry into either oncogene-induced or RS. Consequently, we conclude that RT alterations associated with physiological and accelerated aging, do not result from senescence progression. Our results clarify the interplay between senescence, aging and replication programs and demonstrate that RT is largely resistant to replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Schwerer
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Emilie Besnard
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Romain Desprat
- c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | | | - Jiao Sima
- a Department of Biological Science , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Paul Bensadoun
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Anissa Zouaoui
- c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - David M Gilbert
- a Department of Biological Science , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA.,d Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
| | - Jean-Marc Lemaitre
- b Laboratory of Genome and Stem Cell Plasticity in Development and Aging , Institute of Regenerative Medicine, U1183, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France.,c Stem cell Core Facility SAFE-iPS INGESTEM , CHU Montpellier, Saint Eloi Hospital , Montpellier Cedex , France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pizza FX, Martin RA, Springer EM, Leffler MS, Woelmer BR, Recker IJ, Leaman DW. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 augments myoblast adhesion and fusion through homophilic trans-interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5094. [PMID: 28698658 PMCID: PMC5506053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall objective of the study was to identify mechanisms through which intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) augments the adhesive and fusogenic properties of myogenic cells. Hypotheses were tested using cultured myoblasts and fibroblasts, which do not constitutively express ICAM-1, and myoblasts and fibroblasts forced to express full length ICAM-1 or a truncated form lacking the cytoplasmic domain of ICAM-1. ICAM-1 mediated myoblast adhesion and fusion were quantified using novel assays and cell mixing experiments. We report that ICAM-1 augments myoblast adhesion to myoblasts and myotubes through homophilic trans-interactions. Such adhesive interactions enhanced levels of active Rac in adherent and fusing myoblasts, as well as triggered lamellipodia, spreading, and fusion of myoblasts through the signaling function of the cytoplasmic domain of ICAM-1. Rac inhibition negated ICAM-1 mediated lamellipodia, spreading, and fusion of myoblasts. The fusogenic property of ICAM-1-ICAM-1 interactions was restricted to myogenic cells, as forced expression of ICAM-1 by fibroblasts did not augment their fusion to ICAM-1+ myoblasts/myotubes. We conclude that ICAM-1 augments myoblast adhesion and fusion through its ability to self-associate and initiate Rac-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis X Pizza
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
| | - Ryan A Martin
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Evan M Springer
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Maxwell S Leffler
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryce R Woelmer
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Isaac J Recker
- School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas W Leaman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Wright State University, 4035 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Suite 300, Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Veiseh M, Leith SJ, Tolg C, Elhayek SS, Bahrami SB, Collis L, Hamilton S, McCarthy JB, Bissell MJ, Turley E. Uncovering the dual role of RHAMM as an HA receptor and a regulator of CD44 expression in RHAMM-expressing mesenchymal progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:63. [PMID: 26528478 PMCID: PMC4606125 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of hyaluronan (HA) with mesenchymal progenitor cells impacts trafficking and fate after tissue colonization during wound repair and these events contribute to diseases such as cancer. How this interaction occurs is poorly understood. Using 10T½ cells as a mesenchymal progenitor model and fluorescent (F-HA) or gold-labeled HA (G-HA) polymers, we studied the role of two HA receptors, RHAMM and CD44, in HA binding and uptake in non-adherent and adherent mesenchymal progenitor (10T½) cells to mimic aspects of cell trafficking and tissue colonization. We show that fluorescent labeled HA (F-HA) binding/uptake was high in non-adherent cells but dropped over time as cells became increasingly adherent. Non-adherent cells displayed both CD44 and RHAMM but only function-blocking anti-RHAMM and not anti-CD44 antibodies significantly reduced F-HA binding/uptake. Adherent cells, which also expressed CD44 and RHAMM, primarily utilized CD44 to bind to F-HA since anti-CD44 but not anti-RHAMM antibodies blocked F-HA uptake. RHAMM overexpression in adherent 10T½ cells led to increased F-HA uptake but this increased binding remained CD44 dependent. Further studies showed that RHAMM-transfection increased CD44 mRNA and protein expression while blocking RHAMM function reduced expression. Collectively, these results suggest that cellular microenvironments in which these receptors function as HA binding proteins differ significantly, and that RHAMM plays at least two roles in F-HA binding by acting as an HA receptor in non-attached cells and by regulating CD44 expression and display in attached cells. Our findings demonstrate adhesion-dependent mechanisms governing HA binding/ uptake that may impact development of new mesenchymal cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Veiseh
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA ; Palo Alto Research Center (a Xerox Company) Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sean J Leith
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia Tolg
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sallie S Elhayek
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - S Bahram Bahrami
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Collis
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Hamilton
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eva Turley
- Departments of Oncology/Biochemistry/Surgery, Western Schulich School of Medicine, London Regional Cancer Program, Western University London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cacchiarelli D, Trapnell C, Ziller MJ, Soumillon M, Cesana M, Karnik R, Donaghey J, Smith ZD, Ratanasirintrawoot S, Zhang X, Ho Sui SJ, Wu Z, Akopian V, Gifford CA, Doench J, Rinn JL, Daley GQ, Meissner A, Lander ES, Mikkelsen TS. Integrative Analyses of Human Reprogramming Reveal Dynamic Nature of Induced Pluripotency. Cell 2015; 162:412-424. [PMID: 26186193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotency is a promising avenue for disease modeling and therapy, but the molecular principles underlying this process, particularly in human cells, remain poorly understood due to donor-to-donor variability and intercellular heterogeneity. Here, we constructed and characterized a clonal, inducible human reprogramming system that provides a reliable source of cells at any stage of the process. This system enabled integrative transcriptional and epigenomic analysis across the human reprogramming timeline at high resolution. We observed distinct waves of gene network activation, including the ordered re-activation of broad developmental regulators followed by early embryonic patterning genes and culminating in the emergence of a signature reminiscent of pre-implantation stages. Moreover, complementary functional analyses allowed us to identify and validate novel regulators of the reprogramming process. Altogether, this study sheds light on the molecular underpinnings of induced pluripotency in human cells and provides a robust cell platform for further studies. PAPERCLIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cacchiarelli
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Magali Soumillon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcella Cesana
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rahul Karnik
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julie Donaghey
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Zachary D Smith
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sutheera Ratanasirintrawoot
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhaoting Wu
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veronika Akopian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Tarjei S Mikkelsen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Poliakova K, Adebola A, Leung CL, Favre B, Liem RKH, Schepens I, Borradori L. BPAG1a and b associate with EB1 and EB3 and modulate vesicular transport, Golgi apparatus structure, and cell migration in C2.7 myoblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107535. [PMID: 25244344 PMCID: PMC4171495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BPAG1a and BPAG1b (BPAG1a/b) constitute two major isoforms encoded by the dystonin (Dst) gene and show homology with MACF1a and MACF1b. These proteins are members of the plakin family, giant multi-modular proteins able to connect the intermediate filament, microtubule and microfilament cytoskeletal networks with each other and to distinct cell membrane sites. They also serve as scaffolds for signaling proteins that modulate cytoskeletal dynamics. To gain better insights into the functions of BPAG1a/b, we further characterized their C-terminal region important for their interaction with microtubules and assessed the role of these isoforms in the cytoskeletal organization of C2.7 myoblast cells. Our results show that alternative splicing does not only occur at the 5′ end of Dst and Macf1 pre-mRNAs, as previously reported, but also at their 3′ end, resulting in expression of additional four mRNA variants of BPAG1 and MACF1. These isoform-specific C-tails were able to bundle microtubules and bound to both EB1 and EB3, two microtubule plus end proteins. In the C2.7 cell line, knockdown of BPAG1a/b had no major effect on the organization of the microtubule and microfilament networks, but negatively affected endocytosis and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus structure, which became dispersed. Finally, knockdown of BPAG1a/b caused a specific decrease in the directness of cell migration, but did not impair initial cell adhesion. These data provide novel insights into the complexity of alternative splicing of Dst pre-mRNAs and into the role of BPAG1a/b in vesicular transport, Golgi apparatus structure as well as in migration in C2.7 myoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Poliakova
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adijat Adebola
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Conrad L. Leung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bertrand Favre
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald K. H. Liem
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Schepens
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Borradori
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muir LA, Nguyen QG, Hauschka SD, Chamberlain JS. Engraftment potential of dermal fibroblasts following in vivo myogenic conversion in immunocompetent dystrophic skeletal muscle. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14025. [PMID: 25558461 PMCID: PMC4280788 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autologous dermal fibroblasts (dFbs) are promising candidates for enhancing muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to their ease of isolation, immunological compatibility, and greater proliferative potential than DMD satellite cells. We previously showed that mouse fibroblasts, after MyoD-mediated myogenic reprogramming in vivo, engraft in skeletal muscle and supply dystrophin. Assessing the therapeutic utility of this system requires optimization of conversion and transplantation conditions and quantitation of engraftment so that these parameters can be correlated with possible functional improvements. Here, we derived dFbs from transgenic mice carrying mini-dystrophin, transduced them by lentivirus carrying tamoxifen-inducible MyoD, and characterized their myogenic and engraftment potential. After cell transplantation into the muscles of immunocompetent dystrophic mdx4cv mice, tamoxifen treatment drove myogenic conversion and fusion into myofibers that expressed high levels of mini-dystrophin. Injecting 50,000 cells/µl (1 × 106 total cells) resulted in a peak of ~600 mini-dystrophin positive myofibers in tibialis anterior muscle single cross-sections. However, extensor digitorum longus muscles with up to 30% regional engraftment showed no functional improvements; similar limitations were obtained with whole muscle mononuclear cells. Despite the current lack of physiological improvement, this study suggests a viable initial strategy for using a patient-accessible dermal cell population to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration in DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Muir
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington ; Department of Neurology, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington ; Department of Medicine, University of Washington
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miceli M, Franci G, Dell'Aversana C, Ricciardiello F, Petraglia F, Carissimo A, Perone L, Maruotti GM, Savarese M, Martinelli P, Cancemi M, Altucci L. MePR: a novel human mesenchymal progenitor model with characteristics of pluripotency. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2368-83. [PMID: 23597129 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryo stem cells or adult tissues are excellent models for discovery and characterization of differentiation processes. The aims of regenerative medicine are to define the molecular and physiological mechanisms that govern stem cells and differentiation. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types under controlled conditions both in vivo and in vitro, and they have the remarkable ability of self-renewal. hMSCs derived from amniotic fluid and characterized by the expression of Oct-4 and Nanog, typical markers of pluripotent cells, represent an excellent model for studies on stemness. Unfortunately, the limited amount of cells available from each donation and, above all, the limited number of replications do not allow for detailed studies. Here, we report on the immortalization and characterization of novel mesenchymal progenitor (MePR) cell lines from amniotic fluid-derived hMSCs, whose biological properties are similar to primary amniocytes. Our data indicate that MePR cells display the multipotency potential and differentiation rates of hMSCs, thus representing a useful model to study both mechanisms of differentiation and pharmacological approaches to induce selective differentiation. In particular, MePR-2B cells, which carry a bona fide normal karyotype, might be used in basic stem cell research, leading to the development of new approaches for stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miceli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli , Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uezato T, Sato E, Miura N. Screening of natural medicines that efficiently activate neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in C2C12-cultured medium. Biomed Res 2012; 33:25-33. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.33.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Collins-Hooper H, Luke G, Cranfield M, Otto WR, Ray S, Patel K. Efficient myogenic reprogramming of adult white fat stem cells and bone marrow stem cells by freshly isolated skeletal muscle fibers. Transl Res 2011; 158:334-43. [PMID: 22061041 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells that can be directed to differentiate into specific cell types offer the prospect of a renewable source of replacement cells to treat diseases. This study evaluates the reprogramming of 2 readily available stem cell populations into skeletal muscle. We show for the first time that freshly isolated muscle fibers reprogram bone marrow or white fat stem cells far more efficiently than muscle cell lines. In addition, we show that the ability of muscle fibers to reprogram stem cells can be almost doubled through the use of chromatin remodeling reagents such as trichostatin A. This novel approach permits the generation of myogenic cells that could be used to treat a range of muscle-wasting diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gentile A, Toietta G, Pazzano V, Tsiopoulos VD, Giglio AF, Crea F, Pompilio G, Capogrossi MC, Di Rocco G. Human epicardium-derived cells fuse with high efficiency with skeletal myotubes and differentiate toward the skeletal muscle phenotype: a comparison study with stromal and endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:581-92. [PMID: 21209317 PMCID: PMC3046056 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-06-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EPDCs fuse with skeletal myotubes with higher efficiency when compared to MSCs and endothelial cells. Independently from the cell origin, all nuclei recruited inside myotubes express muscle-specific genes. VCAM1 expression in nonmuscle cells is induced by soluble factors secreted by myotubes, and its function is required for fusion to occur. Recent studies have underscored a role for the epicardium as a source of multipotent cells. Here, we investigate the myogenic potential of adult human epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) and analyze their ability to undergo skeletal myogenesis when cultured with differentiating primary myoblasts. Results are compared to those obtained with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and with endothelial cells, another mesodermal derivative. We demonstrate that EPDCs spontaneously fuse with pre-existing myotubes with an efficiency that is significantly higher than that of other cells. Although at a low frequency, endothelial cells may also contribute to myotube formation. In all cases analyzed, after entering the myotube, nonmuscle nuclei are reprogrammed to express muscle-specific genes. The fusion competence of nonmyogenic cells in vitro parallels their ability to reconstitute dystrophin expression in mdx mice. We additionally show that vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression levels of nonmuscle cells are modulated by soluble factors secreted by skeletal myoblasts and that VCAM1 function is required for fusion to occur. Finally, treatment with interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-13, two cytokines released by differentiating myotubes, increases VCAM1 expression and enhances the rate of fusion of EPDCs and MSCs, but not that of endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Gentile
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Osonoi M, Iwanuma O, Kikuchi A, Abe S. Fibroblasts have plasticity and potential utility for cell therapy. Hum Cell 2011; 24:30-4. [PMID: 21547693 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts exist in the interstices of various organs as a component of connective tissue and are one of several types of somatic cells that have been well established in culture. They have been reported to undergo myogenic conversion and to induce the expression of genes associated with pluripotency. However, their own plasticity with regard to direct differentiation has scarcely been described. Here, we show that human fibroblasts are able to differentiate directly to all three germ layer derivatives. The results indicate that human dermal fibroblasts have more plasticity than has been generally thought and that fibroblasts have potential utility as a source for cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Osonoi
- Oral Health Science Center hrc7, Tokyo Dental College, Mihama-ku, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wakabayashi M, Ito Y, Hamazaki TS, Okochi H. Efficient Myogenic Differentiation of Murine Dermal Sca-1 (−) Cells via Initial Aggregation Culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3251-9. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Wakabayashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo S. Hamazaki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boonen KJ, Post MJ. The Muscle Stem Cell Niche: Regulation of Satellite Cells During Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:419-31. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2008.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel J.M. Boonen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Post
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scardigli R, Gargioli C, Tosoni D, Borello U, Sampaolesi M, Sciorati C, Cannata S, Clementi E, Brunelli S, Cossu G. Binding of sFRP-3 to EGF in the extra-cellular space affects proliferation, differentiation and morphogenetic events regulated by the two molecules. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2471. [PMID: 18560570 PMCID: PMC2424011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background sFRP-3 is a soluble antagonist of Wnts, widely expressed in developing embryos. The Wnt gene family comprises cysteine-rich secreted ligands that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, organogenesis and oncogenesis of different organisms ranging from worms to mammals. In the canonical signal transduction pathway Wnt proteins bind to the extracellular domain of Frizzled receptors and consequently recruit Dishevelled (Dsh) to the cell membrane. In addition to Wnt membrane receptors belonging to the Frizzled family, several other molecules have been described which share homology in the CRD domain and lack the putative trans-membrane domain, such as sFRP molecules (soluble Frizzled Related Protein). Among them, sFRP-3 was originally isolated from bovine articular cartilage and also as a component of the Spemann organizer. sFRP-3 blocks Wnt-8 induced axis duplication in Xenopus embryos and binds to the surface of cells expressing a membrane-anchored form of Wnt-1. Injection of sFRP-3 mRNA blocks expression of XMyoD mRNA and leads to embryos with enlarged heads and shortened trunks. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we report that sFRP-3 specifically blocks EGF-induced fibroblast proliferation and foci formation. Over-expression of sFRP-3 reverts EGF-mediated inhibition of hair follicle development in the mouse ectoderm while its ablation in Xenopus maintains EGF-mediated inhibition of ectoderm differentiation. Conversely, over-expression of EGF reverts the inhibition of somitic myogenesis and axis truncation in Xenopus and mouse embryos caused by sFRP-3. In vitro experiments demonstrated a direct binding of EGF to sFRP-3 both on heparin and on the surface of CHO cells where the molecule had been membrane anchored. Conclusions/Significance sFRP-3 and EGF reciprocally inhibit their effects on cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis and indeed are expressed in contiguous domains of the embryo, suggesting that in addition to their canonical ligands (Wnt and EGF receptor, respectively) these molecules bind to each other and regulate their activities during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Scardigli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, II° Medical School, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, II° Medical School, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, II° Medical School, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Borello
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, II° Medical School, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- Stem Cell Research Institute, H. “S. Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Interdepartemental Stem Cell Research Institute, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Stem Cell Research Institute, H. “S. Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cannata
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Stem Cell Research Institute, H. “S. Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, University of Milan, and E. Medea Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- Stem Cell Research Institute, H. “S. Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza (Milan), Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, San Raffaele Biomedical Science Park of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Stem Cell Research Institute, H. “S. Raffaele”, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Genovese JA, Spadaccio C, Langer J, Habe J, Jackson J, Patel AN. Electrostimulation induces cardiomyocyte predifferentiation of fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 370:450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Kimura E, Han JJ, Li S, Fall B, Ra J, Haraguchi M, Tapscott SJ, Chamberlain JS. Cell-lineage regulated myogenesis for dystrophin replacement: a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2507-17. [PMID: 18511457 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized in skeletal muscle by cycles of myofiber necrosis and regeneration leading to loss of muscle fibers and replacement with fibrotic connective and adipose tissue. The ongoing activation and recruitment of muscle satellite cells for myofiber regeneration results in loss of regenerative capacity in part due to proliferative senescence. We explored a method whereby new myoblasts could be generated in dystrophic muscles by transplantation of primary fibroblasts engineered to express a micro-dystrophin/enhanced green fluorescent protein (muDys/eGFP) fusion gene together with a tamoxifen-inducible form of the myogenic regulator MyoD [MyoD-ER(T)]. Fibroblasts isolated from mdx(4cv) mice, a mouse model for DMD, were efficiently transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing muDys/eGFP and MyoD-ER(T) and underwent myogenic conversion when exposed to tamoxifen. These cells could also be induced to differentiate into muDys/eGFP-expressing myocytes and myotubes. Transplantation of transduced mdx(4cv) fibroblasts into mdx(4cv) muscles enabled tamoxifen-dependent regeneration of myofibers that express muDys. This lineage control method therefore allows replenishment of myogenic stem cells using autologous fibroblasts carrying an exogenous dystrophin gene. This strategy carries several potential advantages over conventional myoblast transplantation methods including: (i) the relative simplicity of culturing fibroblasts compared with myoblasts, (ii) a readily available cell source and ease of expansion and (iii) the ability to induce MyoD gene expression in vivo via administration of a medication. Our study provides a proof of concept for a novel gene/stem cell therapy technique and opens another potential therapeutic approach for degenerative muscle disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En Kimura
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duangsuwan P, Phoungpetchara I, Tinikul Y, Poljaroen J, Wanichanon C, Sobhon P. Histological and three dimensional organizations of lymphoid tubules in normal lymphoid organ of Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 24:426-435. [PMID: 18272398 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The normal lymphoid organ of Penaeus monodon (which tested negative for WSSV and YHV) was composed of two parts: lymphoid tubules and interstitial spaces, which were permeated with haemal sinuses filled with large numbers of haemocytes. There were three permanent types of cells present in the wall of lymphoid tubules: endothelial, stromal and capsular cells. Haemocytes penetrated the endothelium of the lymphoid tubule's wall to reside among the fixed cells. The outermost layer of the lymphoid tubule was covered by a network of fibers embedded in a PAS-positive extracellular matrix, which corresponded to a basket-like network that covered all the lymphoid tubules as visualized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Argyrophilic reticular fibers surrounded haemal sinuses and lymphoid tubules. Together they formed the scaffold that supported the lymphoid tubule. Using vascular cast and SEM, the three dimensional structure of the subgastric artery that supplies each lobe of the lymphoid organ was reconstructed. This artery branched into highly convoluted and blind-ending terminal capillaries, each forming the lumen of a lymphoid tubule around which haemocytes and other cells aggregated to form a cuff-like wall. Stromal cells which form part of the tubular scaffold were immunostained for vimentin. Examination of the whole-mounted lymphoid organ, immunostained for vimentin, by confocal microscopy exhibited the highly branching and convoluted lymphoid tubules matching the pattern of the vascular cast observed in SEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornsawan Duangsuwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kamochi H, Kurokawa MS, Yoshikawa H, Ueda Y, Masuda C, Takada E, Watanabe K, Sakakibara M, Natuki Y, Kimura K, Beppu M, Aoki H, Suzuki N. Transplantation of Myocyte Precursors Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells Transfected with IGFII Gene in a Mouse Model of Muscle Injury. Transplantation 2006; 82:516-26. [PMID: 16926596 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000229388.97549.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of skeletal muscle tissue is hampered by the lack of availability of functional substitution of the tissue. METHODS Embryonic stem (ES) cells were transfected with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II gene and were selected with G418. The resultant cell clones were analyzed regarding their myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The cells expressed early and late myogenic differentiation markers, including myoD, myogenin, and dystrophin in vitro. They had phosphorylated Akt within the cells, suggesting their activation by the secreted IGFII. Transplantation of the cells to injured anterior tibial muscle of mice significantly improved their motor functions compared to injured mice transplanted with undifferentiated ES cells and injured mice given vehicle alone. The transfected cells adapted to the injured muscle, formed myofibers positive for dystrophin and negative for MyoD and myogenin. Trichrome staining and toluidine blue staining support myofiber formation in vivo. The enzymatic activity of acetylcholine esterase suggested the functional activity of the regenerated motor units. The evoked electromyogram of anterior tibial muscle transplanted with the transfected cells showed significantly higher potentials compared to that transplanted with undifferentiated ES cells and that injected with phosphate-buffered saline (control injury). Electron microscopic examination confirmed the myofiber formation in the cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Transfection of IGFII gene into ES cells may be applicable for transplantation therapy of muscle damage due to injury and myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Kamochi
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chan J, O'Donoghue K, Gavina M, Torrente Y, Kennea N, Mehmet H, Stewart H, Watt DJ, Morgan JE, Fisk NM. Galectin-1 induces skeletal muscle differentiation in human fetal mesenchymal stem cells and increases muscle regeneration. Stem Cells 2006; 24:1879-91. [PMID: 16675596 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy for degenerative muscle diseases such as the muscular dystrophies requires a source of cells with the capacity to participate in the formation of new muscle fibers. We investigated the myogenic potential of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) using a variety of stimuli. The use of 5-azacytidine or steroids did not produce skeletal muscle differentiation, whereas myoblast-conditioned medium resulted in only 1%-2% of hfMSCs undergoing muscle differentiation. However, in the presence of galectin-1, 66.1% +/- 5.7% of hfMSCs, but not adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, assumed a muscle phenotype, forming long, multinucleated fibers expressing both desmin and sarcomeric myosin via activation of muscle regulatory factors. Continuous exposure to galectin-1 resulted in more efficient muscle differentiation than pulsed exposure (62.3% vs. 39.1%; p < .001). When transplanted into regenerating murine muscle, galectin-1-exposed hfMSCs formed fourfold more human muscle fibers than nonstimulated hfMSCs (p = .008), with similar results obtained in a scid/mdx dystrophic mouse model. These data suggest that hfMSCs readily undergo muscle differentiation in response to galectin-1 through a stepwise progression similar to that which occurs during embryonic myogenesis. The high degree of myogenic conversion achieved by this method has relevance for the development of therapies for muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Fetal Stem Cells/cytology
- Fetal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Fetal Stem Cells/physiology
- Galectin 1/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/therapy
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Regeneration/physiology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chan
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rufaut NW, Goldthorpe NT, Wildermoth JE, Wallace OAM. Myogenic differentiation of dermal papilla cells from bovine skin. J Cell Physiol 2006; 209:959-66. [PMID: 16972246 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cells from the dermal papilla and dermal sheath of hair follicles exhibit pronounced plasticity in vitro, being capable of adopting fat, bone, hematopoietic, and nerve cell phenotypes. In this study, we show that bovine dermal papilla cells (DPC) are also capable of undergoing skeletal muscle differentiation. DiI labeled DPC incorporated into myotubes when co-cultured with differentiating C(2)C(12) myoblasts. Bovine-specific PCR assays showed that the muscle markers MyoD and myogenin were up-regulated, confirming that the DPC had adopted a myogenic gene expression program. Nine clonal lines of DPC underwent both adipogenic and myogenic differentiation, demonstrating the multipotency of individual cells. Primary populations of both DPC and extra-follicular dermal fibroblasts were also capable of both adipogenic and myogenic differentiation. However, on myogenic differentiation, cells derived from dermal papillae expressed higher levels of myogenin than primary fibroblasts derived from extra-follicular dermis, suggesting that papilla cells undergo myogenesis more efficiently. This result shows that populations of fibroblastic cells derived from different anatomical sites within the skin are not equivalent with respect to their plasticity. Cultured DPC and dermal fibroblasts both expressed Pax3, a marker for the dermomyotome which represents a common embryological origin of muscle and dermis. Quantitative PCR showed that Pax3 expression levels before myogenic induction correlated with myogenin expression levels after myogenesis. These results suggest that a degree of dedifferentiation may underlie the plasticity of dermal cells in vitro, and that this plasticity may be predicted, at least in part, by levels of Pax3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N W Rufaut
- Growth & Development Section, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dolgikh MS, Grigor'eva AY, Zhigulin AO, Zaidenov VA, Rasulov MF, Potapov IV, Krasheninnikov ME, Onishchenko NA. Use of recombinant AdSV40-BetaGal adenoviral construction for monitoring of transplanted cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2005; 140:127-31. [PMID: 16254638 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-005-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Original recombinant adenoviral construction carrying E. coli beta-galactosidase LacZ gene designed by the authors is convenient for labeling and monitoring of bone marrow mesenchymal (stromal) progenitor cells and myocardial and skin fetal cells transplanted in damaged rat tissues (in the perinecrotic zone of the myocardium and onto burnt skin surface) for their reparation. This genetic construction after pre-inactivation of endogenous beta-galactosidase allows to detect transplanted cells in the foci of injury; positive effects of transplantation on tissue reparation processes can be attributed to the presence of transplanted cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Dolgikh
- Institute of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shi D, Reinecke H, Murry CE, Torok-Storb B. Myogenic fusion of human bone marrow stromal cells, but not hematopoietic cells. Blood 2004; 104:290-4. [PMID: 15010375 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following marrow transplantation in both patients and animals, cells containing donor nuclei have been detected in a variety of nonhematopoietic tissue. Whether this phenomenon represents transdifferentiation of marrow-derived cells, infiltration of blood cells, or cell fusion is still controversial. In muscle, where cell fusion occurs during normal myogenesis, fusion of marrow-derived cells with resident myotubes is a likely explanation. We tested 8 subpopulations of human bone marrow for their ability to fuse with mouse C2C12 myoblast cells. Relatively high fusion efficiency was observed with marrow stromal cells whereas hematopoietic cells, including populations enriched for stem cells, progenitor cells, and monocytes were refractory to fusion. Mouse myotubes containing human nuclei also contained transcripts for human muscle-specific genes. Injection in vivo of human stromal cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the regenerating tibialis anterior muscle of nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) beta 2m(-/-) mice resulted in regenerating mouse muscle fibers expressing GFP. These data suggest that marrow-derived cells contribute to myogenesis through fusion and that stromal cells are better fusion partners than hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Shi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research, and Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cusella De Angelis MG, Balconi G, Bernasconi S, Zanetta L, Boratto R, Galli D, Dejana E, Cossu G. Skeletal myogenic progenitors in the endothelium of lung and yolk sac. Exp Cell Res 2003; 290:207-16. [PMID: 14567980 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(03)00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that clonable skeletal myogenic cells can be derived from the embryonic aorta but become very rare in the more mature and structured fetal aorta. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, during fetal and postnatal development, these myogenic progenitors progressively disappear or may rather associate with the microvascular district, being thus distributed to virtually all tissues. To test this hypothesis, we used F1 embryos (or mice) from a transgenic line expressing a striated muscle-specific reporter gene (LacZ) crossed with a transgenic line expressing a different endothelial-specific reporter genes (GFP). Endothelial cells were isolated from yolk sac (at E11) and lung (at E11, E17, P1, P10, and P60), two organs embryologically unrelated to paraxial mesoderm, rich in vessels, and devoid of skeletal muscle. Endothelial cells, purified by magnetic bead selection (CD31/PECAM-1(+)) or cell sorting (Tie2-GFP(+)) were then challenged for their skeletal myogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that both yolk sac and lung contain progenitor cells, which express endothelial markers and are endowed with a skeletal myogenic potential that they reveal when in the presence of differentiating myoblasts, in vitro, and regenerating muscle, in vivo. The number (or potency to generate skeletal muscle) of these vessels associated cells decreases rapidly with age and is very low in mature animals, possibly correlating with reduced regenerative capacity of adult mammalian tissues.
Collapse
|
27
|
Grounds MD, White JD, Rosenthal N, Bogoyevitch MA. The role of stem cells in skeletal and cardiac muscle repair. J Histochem Cytochem 2002; 50:589-610. [PMID: 11967271 DOI: 10.1177/002215540205000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In postnatal muscle, skeletal muscle precursors (myoblasts) can be derived from satellite cells (reserve cells located on the surface of mature myofibers) or from cells lying beyond the myofiber, e.g., interstitial connective tissue or bone marrow. Both of these classes of cells may have stem cell properties. In addition, the heretical idea that post-mitotic myonuclei lying within mature myofibers might be able to re-form myoblasts or stem cells is examined and related to recent observations for similar post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. In adult hearts (which previously were not considered capable of repair), the role of replicating endogenous cardiomyocytes and the recruitment of other (stem) cells into cardiomyocytes for new cardiac muscle formation has recently attracted much attention. The relative contribution of these various sources of precursor cells in postnatal muscles and the factors that may enhance stem cell participation in the formation of new skeletal and cardiac muscle in vivo are the focus of this review. We concluded that, although many endogenous cell types can be converted to skeletal muscle, the contribution of non-myogenic cells to the formation of new postnatal skeletal muscle in vivo appears to be negligible. Whether the recruitment of such cells to the myogenic lineage can be significantly enhanced by specific inducers and the appropriate microenvironment is a current topic of intense interest. However, dermal fibroblasts appear promising as a realistic alternative source of exogenous myoblasts for transplantation purposes. For heart muscle, experiments showing the participation of bone marrow-derived stem cells and endothelial cells in the repair of damaged cardiac muscle are encouraging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda D Grounds
- Department of Anatomy & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gerhart J, Bast B, Neely C, Iem S, Amegbe P, Niewenhuis R, Miklasz S, Cheng PF, George-Weinstein M. MyoD-positive myoblasts are present in mature fetal organs lacking skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:381-92. [PMID: 11684706 PMCID: PMC2150848 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epiblast of the chick embryo gives rise to the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm during gastrulation. Previous studies revealed that MyoD-positive cells were present throughout the epiblast, suggesting that skeletal muscle precursors would become incorporated into all three germ layers. The focus of the present study was to examine a variety of organs from the chicken fetus for the presence of myogenic cells. RT-PCR and in situ hybridizations demonstrated that MyoD-positive cells were present in the brain, lung, intestine, kidney, spleen, heart, and liver. When these organs were dissociated and placed in culture, a subpopulation of cells differentiated into skeletal muscle. The G8 antibody was used to label those cells that expressed MyoD in vivo and to follow their fate in vitro. Most, if not all, of the muscle that formed in culture arose from cells that expressed MyoD and G8 in vivo. Practically all of the G8-positive cells from the intestine differentiated after purification by FACS. This population of ectopically located cells appears to be distinct from multipotential stem cells and myofibroblasts. They closely resemble quiescent, stably programmed skeletal myoblasts with the capacity to differentiate when placed in a permissive environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gerhart
- Department of Anatomy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goldring K, Jones GE, Watt DJ. A factor implicated in the myogenic conversion of nonmuscle cells derived from the mouse dermis. Cell Transplant 2000; 9:519-29. [PMID: 11038068 DOI: 10.1177/096368970000900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the mdx mouse model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy we have shown that a cell population residing in the dermis of C57B1/10ScSn mouse skin is capable of converting to a myogenic lineage when implanted into the mdx muscle environment. It was important to determine the characteristics of the converting cell. A previous in vitro study indicated that 10% of cells underwent conversion but only when the cells were grown in medium previously harvested from a myogenic culture. In the present study we cloned cells derived from the dermis to identify the converting cells. Clones grown in normal growth medium showed no conversion, but when grown in medium conditioned by muscle cells around 40% conversion was achieved in several individual clones. We investigated whether the protein beta-galactoside binding protein (betaGBP), which is secreted by myoblasts and acts as a cell growth regulator of fibroblasts. could be a candidate factor responsible for conversion. Medium harvested from COS-1 cells infected with a construct containing betaGBP has been used for this investigation. Growth of dermal fibroblasts in medium enriched with this factor showed a high rate of conversion to cells expressing muscle-specific factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Goldring
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
De Angelis L, Berghella L, Coletta M, Lattanzi L, Zanchi M, Gabriella M, Ponzetto C, Cossu G. Skeletal myogenic progenitors originating from embryonic dorsal aorta coexpress endothelial and myogenic markers and contribute to postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. J Cell Biol 1999; 147:869-78. [PMID: 10562287 PMCID: PMC2156164 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.147.4.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in vertebrates is derived from somites, epithelial structures of the paraxial mesoderm, yet many unrelated reports describe the occasional appearance of myogenic cells from tissues of nonsomite origin, suggesting either transdifferentiation or the persistence of a multipotent progenitor. Here, we show that clonable skeletal myogenic cells are present in the embryonic dorsal aorta of mouse embryos. This finding is based on a detailed clonal analysis of different tissue anlagen at various developmental stages. In vitro, these myogenic cells show the same morphology as satellite cells derived from adult skeletal muscle, and express a number of myogenic and endothelial markers. Surprisingly, the latter are also expressed by adult satellite cells. Furthermore, it is possible to clone myogenic cells from limbs of mutant c-Met-/- embryos, which lack appendicular muscles, but have a normal vascular system. Upon transplantation, aorta-derived myogenic cells participate in postnatal muscle growth and regeneration, and fuse with resident satellite cells.The potential of the vascular system to generate skeletal muscle cells may explain observations of nonsomite skeletal myogenesis and raises the possibility that a subset of satellite cells may derive from the vascular system.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Aorta/embryology
- Aorta/transplantation
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryonic and Fetal Development
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/transplantation
- Extremities/transplantation
- Fetal Tissue Transplantation
- Genes, Reporter
- Mesoderm/cytology
- Mesoderm/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Development
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Regeneration
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/physiology
- beta-Galactosidase/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Angelis
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Coletta
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lattanzi
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Malvina Zanchi
- Clinica Dermosifilopatica, Policlinico S. Orsola, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Gabriella
- Istituto di Anatomia Umana, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carola Ponzetto
- Dipartimento Scienze Mediche, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borello U, Coletta M, Tajbakhsh S, Leyns L, De Robertis EM, Buckingham M, Cossu G. Transplacental delivery of the Wnt antagonist Frzb1 inhibits development of caudal paraxial mesoderm and skeletal myogenesis in mouse embryos. Development 1999; 126:4247-55. [PMID: 10477293 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.19.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Axial structures (neural tube/notochord) and surface ectoderm activate myogenesis in the mouse embryo; their action can be reproduced, at least in part, by several molecules such as Sonic hedgehog and Wnts. Recently, soluble Wnt antagonists have been identified. Among those examined only Frzb1 was found to be expressed in the presomitic mesoderm and newly formed somites and thus its possible role in regulating myogenesis was investigated in detail. When presomitic mesoderm or newly formed somites were cultured with axial structures and surface ectoderm on a feeder layer of C3H10T1/2 cells expressing Frzb1, myogenesis was abolished or severely reduced in presomitic mesoderm and the three most recently formed somites. In contrast, no effect was observed on more mature somites. Inhibition of myogenesis did not appear to be associated with increased cell death since the final number of cells in the explants grown in the presence of Frzb1 was only slightly reduced in comparison with controls. In order to examine the possible function of Frzb1 in vivo, we developed a method based on the overexpression of the soluble antagonist by transient transfection of WOP cells with a Frzb1 expression vector and injection of transfected cells into the placenta of pregnant females before the onset of maternofoetal circulation. Frzb1, secreted by WOP cells, accumulated in the embryo and caused a marked reduction in size of caudal structures. Myogenesis was strongly reduced and, in the most severe cases, abolished. This was not due to a generalized toxic effect since only several genes downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway such as En1, Noggin and Myf5 were downregulated; in contrast, Pax3 and Mox1 expression levels were not affected even in embryos exhibiting the most severe phenotypes. Taken together, these results suggest that Wnt signals may act by regulating both myogenic commitment and expansion of committed cells in the mouse mesoderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Borello
- Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Via A. Scarpa 14, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
L'ecuyer TJ, Schutte BC, Mendel KA, Morris E, Fulton AB. Muscle-specific transcription factors in fibroblasts expressing the alpha-striated tropomyosin 3' untranslated region. Mol Genet Metab 1999; 67:213-26. [PMID: 10381329 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1999.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-striated tropomyosin 3' untranslated region (TM UTR) promotes differentiation of fibroblasts into cells resembling skeletal muscle. To investigate the mechanism of this observation, RNA harvested from transfected primary fibroblasts was used for semiquantitative RT-PCR with primers specific for muscle transcription factors, showing that myoD and myogenin transcripts are detected in these cells, but that differentiation after TM UTR expression is independent of a detectable increase in these transcripts. Double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to myoD family members and to titin confirms that muscle differentiation in TM UTR-transfected fibroblasts is independent of production of any transcription factor in this family. In contrast, the muscle transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (mef-2) is strongly expressed after transfection of fibroblasts with the TM UTR. The increase in mef-2 protein is due to an increase in the steady-state level of its mRNA, as shown by Northern analysis. The expression of p21 ordinarily observed in skeletal myogenesis before the expression of muscle-specific proteins is not seen in fibroblasts induced to differentiate by the TM UTR. These results demonstrate that post-transcriptional regulation of myoD family members is seen in fibroblasts, and that the TM UTR induces muscle differentiation independent of the myoD transcription factors and without expressing proteins characteristic of terminal withdrawal from the cell cycle. Finally, an increase in the steady-state level of mef-2 transcripts appears in the proximal pathway of myogenic activation in response to expression of the TM UTR. These results imply that fibroblasts can utilize an additional differentiation route upon TM UTR expression resulting in mature muscle other than that requiring myoD family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J L'ecuyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University College of Medicine, Cardiology Division, 3901 Beaubien Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kessler PD, Byrne BJ. Myoblast cell grafting into heart muscle: cellular biology and potential applications. Annu Rev Physiol 1999; 61:219-42. [PMID: 10099688 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys a wide range of cellular and molecular approaches to strengthening the injured or weakened heart, focusing on strategies to replace dysfunctional, necrotic, or apoptotic cardiomyocytes with new cells of mesodermal origin. A variety of cell types, including myogenic cell lines, adult skeletal myoblasts, immoratalized atrial cells, embryonic and adult cardiomyocytes, embryonic stem cells, tetratoma cells, genetically altered fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and bone marrow-derived cells have all been proposed as useful cells in cardiac repair and may have the capacity to perform cardiac work. We focus on the implantation of mesodermally derived cells, the best developed of the options. We review the developmental and cell biology that have stimulated these studies, examine the limitations of current knowledge, and identify challenges for the future, which we believe are considerable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Kessler
- Peter Belfer Cardiac Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development requires the formation of myoblasts that can fuse with each other to form multinucleate myofibers. Distinct primary and secondary, slow and fast, populations of myofibers form by the time of birth. At embryonic, fetal, and perinatal stages of development, temporally distinct lineages of myogenic cells arise and contribute to the formation of these multiple types of myofibers. In addition, spatially distinct lineages of myogenic cells arise and form the anterior head muscles, limb (hypaxial) muscles, and dorsal (epaxial) muscles. There is strong evidence that myoblasts are produced from muscle stem cells, which are self-renewing cells that do not themselves terminally differentiate but produce progeny that are capable of becoming myoblasts and myofibers. Muscle stem cells, which may be multipotent, appear to be distinguishable from myoblasts by a number of indirect and direct criteria. Muscle stem cells arise either in unsegmented paraxial mesoderm (anterior head muscle progenitors) or in segmented mesoderm of the somites (epaxial and hypaxial muscle progenitors). These initial stages of myogenesis are regulated by positive and negative signals, including Wnt, BMP, and Shh family members, from nearby notochord, neural tube, ectoderm, and lateral mesoderm tissues. The formation of skeletal muscles, therefore, depends on the generation of spatially and temporally distinct lineages of myogenic cells. Myogenic cell lineages begin with muscle stem cells which produce the myoblasts that fuse to form myofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Miller
- Neuromuscular Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huard C, Moisset PA, Dicaire A, Merly F, Tardif F, Asselin I, Tremblay JP. Transplantation of dermal fibroblasts expressing MyoD1 in mouse muscles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:648-54. [PMID: 9703980 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of normal myoblasts into dystrophic muscles is a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, the success of such grafts is limited by the immune system responses. To avoid rejection problems, autologous transplantation of the patient's corrected myoblasts has been proposed. Regretfully, the low proliferative capacity of DMD myoblasts in culture (due to their premature senescence) limits such procedure. On the other hand, modification of dermal fibroblasts leading to the myogenic pathway using a master regulatory gene for myogenesis is an interesting alternative approach. In this study, the retrovirally encoded MyoD1 cDNA was introduced in dermal fibroblasts of TnI LacZ mice to provoke their conversion into myoblast-like cells. In vitro and in vivo assays were done and the results were compared to those obtained with uninfected fibroblasts and myoblasts. Some MyoD1-expressing fibroblasts were able to fuse and to express beta-galactosidase (under the transcriptional control of the Troponin I promoter), dystrophin and desmin in vitro. Thirty days following implantation of these modified fibroblasts in muscles of mdx mice, an average of 7 beta-Gal+/Dys-muscle fibers were observed. No beta-Gal+ fibers were observed after the transplantation of uninfected fibroblasts. Our results indicate that the successful implantation of myoblasts obtained from genetically modified fibroblasts is indeed feasible. However, the in vitro conversion rate and the in vivo fusion of genetically modified fibroblasts must be largely increased to consider this approach as a potential therapy for DMD and other myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Huard
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jimena I, Peña J, Luque E, Ayuso F, Vaamonde R. Myotrophic effects of muscle extracts obtained at different intervals after denervation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1998; 24:217-23. [PMID: 9717187 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1998.00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A study was made of the myotrophic effects of denervated muscle extracts on normal Wistar rat soleus muscle. Extracts obtained 1 h, 2, 4 and 7 days after sectioning of the sciatic nerve were administered intraperitoneally over five consecutive days. Soleus muscles were routinely processed for morphological and morphometrical analysis using light microscopic techniques. Quantitative differences were observed in the effects of different extracts on total muscle area, fibre cross-sectional area, mean minimum diameter and number of fibres/ area. The greatest myotrophic response was elicited by extracts obtained at 2 and 4 days; differences with respect to controls and extracts obtained at 1 day were significant (P < 0.05) for all parameters studied. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were also recorded for fibre cross-sectional area and mean minimum diameter between the 2- and 4-day groups and the 7-day group. It may thus be concluded that the time elapsing between denervation and extract obtention influences the effect of the extract on normal rat muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Jimena
- Department of Morphological Sciences (Section of Histology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferrari G, Cusella-De Angelis G, Coletta M, Paolucci E, Stornaiuolo A, Cossu G, Mavilio F. Muscle regeneration by bone marrow-derived myogenic progenitors. Science 1998; 279:1528-30. [PMID: 9488650 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5356.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1865] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth and repair of skeletal muscle are normally mediated by the satellite cells that surround muscle fibers. In regenerating muscle, however, the number of myogenic precursors exceeds that of resident satellite cells, implying migration or recruitment of undifferentiated progenitors from other sources. Transplantation of genetically marked bone marrow into immunodeficient mice revealed that marrow-derived cells migrate into areas of induced muscle degeneration, undergo myogenic differentiation, and participate in the regeneration of the damaged fibers. Genetically modified, marrow-derived myogenic progenitors could potentially be used to target therapeutic genes to muscle tissue, providing an alternative strategy for treatment of muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ferrari
- H. San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wise CJ, Watt DJ, Jones GE. Conversion of dermal fibroblasts to a myogenic lineage is induced by a soluble factor derived from myoblasts. J Cell Biochem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19960601)61:3<363::aid-jcb4>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
39
|
Wise CJ, Watt DJ, Jones GE. Conversion of dermal fibroblasts to a myogenic lineage is induced by a soluble factor derived from myoblasts. J Cell Biochem 1996; 61:363-74. [PMID: 8761941 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19960601)61:3%3c363::aid-jcb4%3e3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The limb and axial skeletal muscles of mammals originate from somitic dermomyotome, which during early development separates to form two discrete structures, the dermatome and the myotome. The latter cell mass gives rise to the muscle-forming lineage while cells of the dermatome will form the skin dermal fibroblast population of the dorsal regions of the body. It has been generally accepted for some time that myotome-derived myoblasts were the sole source of muscle fibre nuclei, but evidence has recently been presented from several laboratories that fibroblasts can fuse with myoblasts to contribute active nuclei to the resulting myotubes. We report here an investigation into the myogenic capacity of fibroblasts. Confluent monocultures of mouse dermal fibroblasts, muscle fibroblasts, and C2C12 myoblasts each retain their individual phenotype when maintained for periods up to 7 days in culture. We also grew isolated colonies of fibroblasts and myoblasts in an arrangement which allowed free exchange of tissue culture medium between the 2 cell types. We found evidence of the conversion of dermal fibroblasts to a myogenic lineage as measured by the appearance of MyoD-positive cells expressing the muscle-specific intermediate filament desmin. In addition, dermal fibroblast cultures contained multinucleate syncytia positive for MyoD and containing sarcomeric myosin heavy chain. In contrast, muscle-derived fibroblasts showed no evidence of myogenic conversion when maintained in identical culture conditions. We prepared conditioned medium from confluent cultures of C2C12 myoblasts and added this material to confluent monocultures of either dermal or muscle fibroblasts. While muscle fibroblasts showed no phenotypic alterations, cultures of dermal fibroblasts responded to myoblast conditioned medium by converting to a myogenic lineage as judged by expression of MyoD and desmin. We conclude that a proportion of dermal fibroblasts retain a myogenic capacity into stages well beyond their early association with myoblasts in the dermomyotome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Wise
- Randall Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|