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Ran B, Ren X, Lin X, Teng Y, Xin F, Ma W, Zhao X, Li M, Wang J, Wang C, Sun L, Zhang J. Glycyrrhetinic acid loaded in milk-derived extracellular vesicles for inhalation therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Control Release 2024; 370:811-820. [PMID: 38754632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and life-threatening lung disease for which treatment options are limited. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid with multiple biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Herein, inhalable milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) encapsulating GA (mEVs@GA) were screened and evaluated for IPF treatment. The results indicated that the loading efficiency of GA in mEVs@GA was 8.65%. Therapeutic effects of inhalable mEVs@GA were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The mEVs@GA demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated MHS cells. Furthermore, repeated noninvasive inhalation delivery of mEVs@GA in bleomycin-induced IPF mice could decrease the levels of transforming growth factors β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3 and inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The mEVs@GA effectively diminished the development of fibrosis and improved pulmonary function in the IPF mice model at a quarter of the dose compared with the pirfenidone oral administration group. Additionally, compared to pirfenidone-loaded mEVs, mEVs@GA demonstrated superior efficacy at the same drug concentration in the pharmacodynamic study. Overall, inhaled mEVs@GA have the potential to serve as an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ran
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xueyuan Lin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Yupu Teng
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Fangyuan Xin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Wuzhen Ma
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Jinghuang Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutiacal University, Shenyang 110016, China; Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Yangtze Delta Drug Advanced Research Institute, Nantong 226126, China.
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2
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Muñoz Forti K, Weisman GA, Jasmer KJ. Cell type-specific transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in the regulation of salivary gland fibrosis and regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:257-272. [PMID: 38559587 PMCID: PMC10979288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland damage and hypofunction result from various disorders, including autoimmune Sjögren's disease (SjD) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as well as a side effect of radiotherapy for treating head and neck cancers. There are no therapeutic strategies to prevent the loss of salivary gland function in these disorders nor facilitate functional salivary gland regeneration. However, ongoing aquaporin-1 gene therapy trials to restore saliva flow show promise. To identify and develop novel therapeutic targets, we must better understand the cell-specific signaling processes involved in salivary gland regeneration. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential to tissue fibrosis, a major endpoint in salivary gland degeneration, which develops in the salivary glands of patients with SjD, IgG4-RD, and radiation-induced damage. Though the deposition and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins are essential to repair salivary gland damage, pathological fibrosis results in tissue hardening and chronic salivary gland dysfunction orchestrated by multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, and lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cell populations. This review is focused on the role of TGF-β signaling in the development of salivary gland fibrosis and the potential for targeting TGF-β as a novel therapeutic approach to regenerate functional salivary glands. The studies presented highlight the divergent roles of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland development and dysfunction and illuminate specific cell populations in damaged or diseased salivary glands that mediate the effects of TGF-β. Overall, these studies strongly support the premise that blocking TGF-β signaling holds promise for the regeneration of functional salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Lu X, Chen H, Kong Y, Rong L, Wang G. The immune regulation and therapeutic potential of the SMAD gene family in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6769. [PMID: 38514720 PMCID: PMC10958012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious threat to human health. The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway is an important pathway involved in the occurrence and development of cancer. The SMAD family genes are responsible for the TGF-β signaling pathway. However, the mechanism by which genes of the SMAD family are involved in breast cancer is still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the biological roles of the SMAD family genes in breast cancer. We downloaded the gene expression data, gene mutation data, and clinical pathological data of breast cancer patients from the UCSC Xena database. We used the Wilcox test to estimate the expression of genes of the SMAD family in cancers. And the biological functions of SMAD family genes using the DAVID website. The Pearson correlation method was used to explore the immune cell infiltration and drug response of SMAD family genes. We conducted in biological experiments vitro and vivo. In this study, we integrated the multi-omics data from TCGA breast cancer patients for analysis. The expression of genes of SMAD family was significantly dysregulated in patients with breast cancer. Except for SMAD6, the expression of other SMAD family genes was positively correlated. We also found that genes of the SMAD family were significantly enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, cell cycle, and cancer-related pathways. In addition, SMAD3, SMAD6, and SMAD7 were lowly expressed in stage II breast cancer, while SMAD4 and SMAD2 were lowly expressed in stage III cancer. Furthermore, the expression of genes of the SMAD family was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration scores. Constructing a xenograft tumor mouse model, we found that SMAD3 knockdown significantly inhibited tumorigenesis. Finally, we analyzed the association between these genes and the IC50 value of drugs. Interestingly, patients with high expression of SMAD3 exhibited significant resistance to dasatinib and staurosporine, while high sensitivity to tamoxifen and auranofin. In addition, SMAD3 knockdown promoted the apoptosis of BT-549 cells and decreased cell activity, and BAY-1161909 and XK-469 increased drug efficacy. In conclusion, genes of the SMAD family play a crucial role in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiran Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Department of Medical Records, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Haping Road No. 150, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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4
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Anila S, Samsonov SA. Benchmarking Water Models in Molecular Dynamics of Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Complexes. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1691-1703. [PMID: 38410841 PMCID: PMC10934818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) made of repeating disaccharide units intricately engage with proteins, playing a crucial role in the spatial organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the transduction of biological signals in cells to modulate a number of biochemical processes. Exploring protein-GAG interactions reveals several challenges for their analysis, namely, the highly charged and periodic nature of GAGs, their multipose binding, and the abundance of the interfacial water molecules in the protein-GAG complexes. Most of the studies on protein-GAG interactions are conducted using the TIP3P water model, and there are no data on the effect of various water models on the results obtained in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of protein-GAG complexes. Hence, it is essential to perform a systematic analysis of different water models in MD simulations for these systems. In this work, we aim to evaluate the properties of the protein-GAG complexes in MD simulations using different explicit: TIP3P, SPC/E, TIP4P, TIP4PEw, OPC, and TIP5P and implicit: IGB = 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8 water models to find out which of them are best suited to study the dynamics of protein-GAG complexes. The FF14SB and GLYCAM06 force fields were used for the proteins and GAGs, respectively. The interactions of several GAG types, such as heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid with basic fibroblast growth factor, cathepsin K, and CD44 receptor, respectively, are investigated. The observed variations in different descriptors used to study the binding in these complexes emphasize the relevance of the choice of water models for the MD simulation of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Anila
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sergey A. Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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5
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Bhat GR, Sethi I, Sadida HQ, Rah B, Mir R, Algehainy N, Albalawi IA, Masoodi T, Subbaraj GK, Jamal F, Singh M, Kumar R, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil ASAS, Haris M, Bhat AA. Cancer cell plasticity: from cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms to tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:197-228. [PMID: 38329598 PMCID: PMC11016008 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease displaying a variety of cell states and phenotypes. This diversity, known as cancer cell plasticity, confers cancer cells the ability to change in response to their environment, leading to increased tumor diversity and drug resistance. This review explores the intricate landscape of cancer cell plasticity, offering a deep dive into the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon. Cancer cell plasticity is intertwined with processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the acquisition of stem cell-like features. These processes are pivotal in the development and progression of tumors, contributing to the multifaceted nature of cancer and the challenges associated with its treatment. Despite significant advancements in targeted therapies, cancer cell adaptability and subsequent therapy-induced resistance remain persistent obstacles in achieving consistent, successful cancer treatment outcomes. Our review delves into the array of mechanisms cancer cells exploit to maintain plasticity, including epigenetic modifications, alterations in signaling pathways, and environmental interactions. We discuss strategies to counteract cancer cell plasticity, such as targeting specific cellular pathways and employing combination therapies. These strategies promise to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatments and mitigate therapy resistance. In conclusion, this review offers a holistic, detailed exploration of cancer cell plasticity, aiming to bolster the understanding and approach toward tackling the challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. As articulated in this review, the delineation of cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms underlying tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance seeks to contribute substantially to the progress in cancer therapeutics and the advancement of precision medicine, ultimately enhancing the prospects for effective cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh Rasool Bhat
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Itty Sethi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bilal Rah
- Iron Biology Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Farrukh Jamal
- Dr. Rammanohar, Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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6
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Zheng Y, Lebid A, Chung L, Fu J, Wang X, Otrocol A, Zarif JC, Yu H, Llosa NJ, Pardoll DM. Targeting the activin receptor 1C on CD4+ T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2297503. [PMID: 38235319 PMCID: PMC10793694 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2297503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, have been isolated and identified in the endocrine system, but have not been substantially investigated in the context of the immune system and endocrine-unrelated cancers. Here, we demonstrated that tumor-bearing mice had elevated systemic activin levels, which correlated directly with tumor burden. Likewise, cancer patients have elevated plasma activin levels compared to healthy controls. We observed that both tumor and immune cells could be sources of activins. Importantly, our in vitro studies suggest that activins promote differentiation of naïve CD4+ cells into Foxp3-expressing induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly when TGF-beta was limited in the culture medium. Database and qRT-PCR analysis of sorted major immune cell subsets in mice revealed that activin receptor 1c (ActRIC) was uniquely expressed on Tregs and that both ActRIC and ActRIIB (activin receptor 2b) were highly upregulated during iTreg differentiation. ActRIC-deficient naïve CD4+ cells were found to be defective in iTreg generation both in vitro and in vivo. Treg suppression assays were also performed, and ActRIC deficiency did not change the function or stability of iTregs. Mice lacking ActRIC or mice treated with monoclonal anti-ActRIC antibody were more resistant to tumor progression than wild-type controls. This phenotype was correlated with reduced expression of Foxp3 in CD4+ cells in the tumor microenvironment. In light of the information presented above, blocking activin-ActRIC signaling is a promising and disease-specific strategy to impede the accumulation of immunosuppressive iTregs in cancer. Therefore, it is a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andriana Lebid
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam Chung
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan Fu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Otrocol
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jelani C. Zarif
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas J. Llosa
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M. Pardoll
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Xu T, Xu S, Ma G, Chang J, Zhang C, Zhou P, Wang C, Xu P, Yang J, Hu Y, Wu Y. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Regulates the Smad Signaling Pathway by Antagonizing TGF-β in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:188-198. [PMID: 38214358 PMCID: PMC10804236 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230413082909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive bone tumour aggravated by stromal cell proliferation and metastasis. OBJECTIVE We investigated the mechanism of action of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in mediating GCTB proliferation and invasion. METHODS The expression of HCG was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. After the primary stromal cells were isolated and identified, the function of HCG in GCTB was estimated using the cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, scratch experiment, transwell assay, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Moreover, the mechanism of HCG was assessed through western blotting. RESULTS HCG expression was decreased in clinical tissue samples from patients with GCTB. We validated that HCG repressed stromal cell proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted cell apoptosis in GCTB. We also verified that HCG repressed the autophagy and EMT of stromal cells through the Smad signaling axis in GCTB. HCG inhibited the transduction of the Smad signaling pathway by restraining the binding of the TGF-β II receptor to ligand Activin A. CONCLUSION HCG restrained the Smad signaling pathway by antagonizing TGF-β signaling in GCTB. HCG may serve as a useful patent to treat GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangbing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shenglin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guangwen Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230000, Anhui Province, China
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8
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Marcisz M, Anila S, Gaardløs M, Zacharias M, Samsonov SA. Studying specificity in protein-glycosaminoglycan recognition with umbrella sampling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1933-1946. [PMID: 38170083 PMCID: PMC10760462 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) research has been crucial for gaining insights into various physiological, pathological, and therapeutic aspects mediated by the direct interactions between the GAG molecules and diverse proteins. The structural and functional heterogeneities of GAGs as well as their ability to bind specific proteins are determined by the sugar composition of the GAG, the size of the GAG chains, and the degree and pattern of sulfation. A deep understanding of the interactions in protein-GAG complexes is essential to explain their biological functions. In this study, the umbrella sampling (US) approach is used to pull away a GAG ligand from the binding site and then pull it back in. We analyze the binding interactions between GAGs of three types (heparin, desulfated heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate) with three different proteins (basic fibroblast growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and cathepsin K). The main focus of our study was to evaluate whether the US approach is able to reproduce experimentally obtained structures, and how useful it can be for getting a deeper understanding of GAG properties, especially protein recognition specificity and multipose binding. We found that the binding free energy landscape in the proximity of the GAG native binding pose is complex and implies the co-existence of several binding poses. The sliding of a GAG chain along a protein surface could be a potential mechanism of GAG particular sequence recognition by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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9
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Chambers P, Ziminska M, Elkashif A, Wilson J, Redmond J, Tzagiollari A, Ferreira C, Balouch A, Bogle J, Donahue SW, Dunne NJ, McCarthy HO. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of microRNA-26a delivered via a non-viral delivery peptide for bone repair. J Control Release 2023; 362:489-501. [PMID: 37673308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone-related injuries and diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity worldwide. Current bone-regenerative strategies such as auto- and allografts are invasive by nature, with adverse effects such as pain, infection and donor site morbidity. MicroRNA (miRNA) gene therapy has emerged as a promising area of research, with miRNAs capable of regulating multiple gene pathways simultaneously through the repression of post-transcriptional mRNAs. miR-26a is a key regulator of osteogenesis and has been found to be upregulated following bone injury, where it induces osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and facilitates bone formation. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the amphipathic, cell-penetrating peptide RALA can efficiently deliver miR-26a to MSCs in vitro to regulate osteogenic signalling. Transfection with miR-26a significantly increased expression of osteogenic and angiogenic markers at both gene and protein level. Using a rat calvarial defect model with a critical size defect, RALA/miR-26a NPs were delivered via an injectable, thermo-responsive Cs-g-PNIPAAm hydrogel to assess the impact on both rate and quality of bone healing. Critical defects treated with the RALA/miR-26a nanoparticles (NPs) had significantly increased bone volume and bone mineral density at 8 weeks, with increased blood vessel formation and mechanical properties. This study highlights the utility of RALA to deliver miR-26a for the purpose of bone healing within an injectable biomaterial, warranting further investigation of dose-related efficacy of the therapeutic across a range of in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jordan Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Antzela Tzagiollari
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cole Ferreira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Auden Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Jasmine Bogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, United States
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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10
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Ghosh A, Chakraborty P, Biswas D. Fine tuning of the transcription juggernaut: A sweet and sour saga of acetylation and ubiquitination. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194944. [PMID: 37236503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among post-translational modifications of proteins, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination are most extensively studied over the last several decades. Owing to their different target residues for modifications, cross-talk between phosphorylation with that of acetylation and ubiquitination is relatively less pronounced. However, since canonical acetylation and ubiquitination happen only on the lysine residues, an overlap of the same lysine residue being targeted for both acetylation and ubiquitination happens quite frequently and thus plays key roles in overall functional regulation predominantly through modulation of protein stability. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of acetylation and ubiquitination in the regulation of protein stability for the functional regulation of cellular processes with an emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Further, we emphasize our understanding of the functional regulation of Super Elongation Complex (SEC)-mediated transcription, through regulation of stabilization by acetylation, deacetylation and ubiquitination and associated enzymes and its implication in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Poushali Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 32, India.
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11
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Watanabe M, Yahagi T, Kamikura R, Kotani H, Miyake K, Matsuzaki K. Methoxyflavones isolated from the whole plant of Scutellaria rubropunctata Hayata var. rubropunctata promote osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. J Nat Med 2023; 77:748-760. [PMID: 37329417 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated two new methoxyflavones (1 and 2) and eight known methoxyflavones (3-10) from the whole plant of Scutellaria rubropunctata Hayata var. rubropunctata (SR). Based on spectroscopic analyses, the methoxyflavones were identified as 5,8,2',6'-tetramethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone (1) and 5,2',6'-trimethoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone (2). We reported SR might have effects on promoting osteoblast differentiation and stimulating estrogen receptor (ER) in the previous study. Then, the effects of 1-10 on pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated, and 1, 2, and 9 were observed to promote alkaline phosphatase activity. To evaluate their effect on osteogenesis-related genes, we performed gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR after treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with these compounds. Although 2 was only effective at lower concentrations, 1 and 9 upregulated the mRNA levels of Runx2, Osterix, Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, Smad1, and Smad4. These results indicate that 1 and 9 may induce osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 via the BMP/Smad pathway and may play a central role in the promotion of osteoblast differentiation by SR. The ER agonist activity of 1-10 were tested using a luciferase reporter assay in HEK293 cells. However, none of the compounds exhibited remarkable activity. Thus, SR may contain other compounds that contribute to its ER agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Yahagi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| | - Rina Kamikura
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
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12
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Park HN, Song MJ, Choi YE, Lee DH, Chung JH, Lee ST. LRG1 Promotes ECM Integrity by Activating the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12445. [PMID: 37569820 PMCID: PMC10418909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) mediates skin repair and fibrosis by stimulating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LRG1 on extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity in fibroblasts, as well as on skin aging. The treatment of dermal fibroblasts with purified recombinant human LRG1 increased type I collagen secretion and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion. Additionally, LRG1 promoted SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation in a pattern similar to that of TGF-β1 treatment. An inhibitor of TGF-β receptor 1 abolished LRG1-induced SMAD2 phosphorylation. RNA sequencing identified "extracellular region", "extracellular space", and "extracellular matrix" as the main Gene Ontology terms in the differentially expressed genes of fibroblasts treated with or without LRG1. LRG1 increased TGF-β1 mRNA levels, suggesting that LRG1 partially transactivates the expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, an increased expression of type I collagen was also observed in fibroblasts grown in three-dimensional cultures on a collagen gel mimicking the dermis. LRG1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in elderly human skin tissues with weakened ECM integrity compared to in young human skin tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that LRG1 could retard skin aging by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway, increasing ECM deposition while decreasing its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (H.N.P.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Young Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (H.N.P.); (Y.E.C.)
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (H.N.P.); (Y.E.C.)
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13
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Marcisz M, Samsonov SA. Solvent Model Benchmark for Molecular Dynamics of Glycosaminoglycans. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2147-2157. [PMID: 36989082 PMCID: PMC10091405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In computational studies of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a group of anionic, periodic linear polysaccharides, so far there has been very little discussion about the role of solvent models in the molecular dynamics simulations of these molecules. Predominantly, the TIP3P water model is commonly used as one of the most popular explicit water models in general. However, there are numerous alternative explicit and implicit water models that are neglected in the computational research of GAGs. Since solvent-mediated interactions are particularly important for GAG dynamic and structural properties, it would be of great interest for the GAG community to establish the solvent model that is suited the best in terms of the quality of theoretically obtained GAG parameters and, at the same time, would be reasonably demanding in terms of computational resources required. In this study, heparin (HP) was simulated using five implicit and six explicit solvent models with the aim to find out how different solvent models influence HP's molecular descriptors in the molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we initiate the search for the most appropriate solvent representation for GAG systems and we hope to encourage other groups to contribute to this highly relevant subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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15
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Clark AG, Bertrand FE, Sigounas G. A potential requirement for Smad3 phosphorylation in Notch-mediated EMT in colon cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100957. [PMID: 36739740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a challenging disease to treat due to several factors including stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dysfunctional signaling pathways such as Notch and TGF-β contribute to these phenomena. We previously found that cells expressing constitutively active Notch1 also had increased expression of Smad3, an important member of the TGF-β signaling pathway. We hypothesized that Smad3, mediates the Notch-induced stemness and EMT observed in CRC cells. The human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116, stably transduced with constitutively active Notch-1 (ICN) or a GFP-vector control was treated with different combinations of TGF-β1, DAPT (a Notch inhibitor), or SIS3 (a Smad3 inhibitor). Western blot analysis was performed to determine the effects of Smad3 stimulation and inhibition on Notch and potential downstream EMT-related targets, CD44, Slug and Snail. Smad3 inhibition induced a decrease in Notch1 and Notch3 receptor expression and effectively inhibited CD44, Slug, and Snail expression. Colosphere forming ability was also reduced in cells with inhibited Smad3. These results indicate a key role of TGF-β signaling in Notch1-induced tumorigenesis, and suggest a potential use for Smad3 inhibitors in combination with Notch1 inhibitors that are already in use for CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Clark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Fred E Bertrand
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - George Sigounas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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16
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Marcisz M, Maszota-Zieleniak M, Samsonov SA. Repulsive Scaling Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics in Modeling Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:153-167. [PMID: 36662469 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are long linear periodic anionic polysaccharides consisting of disaccharide units exhibiting different sulfation patterns forming a highly heterogeneous group of molecules. Due to their flexibility, length, high charge, and periodicity, they are challenging for computational approaches. Despite their biological significance in terms of the important role in various diseases (e.g., Alzheimer, cancer, SARS-CoV-2) and proper cell functioning (e.g., proliferation, maturation), there is a lack of effective molecular docking tools designed specifically for glycosaminoglycans due to their challenging physical-chemical nature. In this chapter we present protocols for the Repulsive Scaling Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (RS-REMD) methods to dock glycosaminoglycans with both implicit and explicit solvent models implemented. This novel molecular dynamics-based replica exchange technique should help to elevate our current knowledge on the complexes and interactions between glycosaminoglycans and their protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Nouri N, Shareghi-Oskoue O, Aghebati-Maleki L, Danaii S, Ahmadian Heris J, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Kamrani A, Yousefi M. Role of miRNAs interference on ovarian functions and premature ovarian failure. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:198. [PMID: 36564840 PMCID: PMC9783981 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure is a to some extent unknown and intricate problem with diverse causes and clinical manifestations. The lack of ovarian sex hormones presumably is effective in the occurrence of ovarian failure. Our progress in this field has been very little despite undertaken scientific research endeavors; scholars still are trying to understand the explanation of this dilemmatic medical condition. In contrast, the practice of clinical medicine has made meaningful strides in providing assurance to the women with premature ovarian insufficiency that their quality of life as well as long-term health can be optimized through timely intervention. Very recently Scientists have investigated the regulating effects of small RNA molecules on steroidogenesis apoptosis, ovulation, gonadal, and corpus luteum development of ovaries. In this literature review, we tried to talk over the mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating gene expression after transcription in the ovary. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Nouri
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Olduz Shareghi-Oskoue
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 516-6615573, Tabriz, Iran ,grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Ye Z, Kilic G, Dabelsteen S, Marinova IN, Thøfner JF, Song M, Rudjord-Levann AM, Bagdonaite I, Vakhrushev SY, Brakebusch CH, Olsen JV, Wandall HH. Characterization of TGF-β signaling in a human organotypic skin model reveals that loss of TGF-βRII induces invasive tissue growth. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo2206. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling regulates various aspects of cell growth and differentiation and is often dysregulated in human cancers. We combined genetic engineering of a human organotypic three-dimensional (3D) skin model with global quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics to dissect the importance of essential components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including the ligands TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, the receptor TGF-βRII, and the intracellular effector SMAD4. Consistent with the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β signaling, the loss of TGF-β1 or SMAD4 promoted cell cycling and delayed epidermal differentiation. The loss of TGF-βRII, which abrogates both SMAD4-dependent and SMAD4-independent downstream signaling, more strongly affected cell proliferation and differentiation than did loss of SMAD4, and it induced invasive growth. TGF-βRII knockout reduced cell-matrix interactions, and the production of matrix proteins increased the production of cancer-associated cell-cell adhesion proteins and proinflammatory mediators and increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Inhibiting the activation of the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways blocked the development of the invasive phenotype upon the loss of TGF-βRII. This study provides a framework for exploring TGF-β signaling pathways in human epithelial tissue homeostasis and transformation using genetic engineering, 3D tissue models, and high-throughput quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gülcan Kilic
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Dabelsteen
- Section of Oral Biology and Immunopathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N. Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F. B. Thøfner
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ming Song
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asha M. Rudjord-Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Biomedical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H. Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Shukla N, Naik A, Moryani K, Soni M, Shah J, Dave H. TGF-β at the crossroads of multiple prognosis in breast cancer, and beyond. Life Sci 2022; 310:121011. [PMID: 36179816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a pluripotent cytokine and a multifunctional growth factor has a crucial role in varied biological mechanisms like invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, wound healing, and immunosuppression. Moreover, it also has an imperative role both in normal mammary gland development as well as breast carcinogenesis. TGF-β has shown to have a paradoxical role in breast carcinogenesis, by transitioning from a growth inhibitor to a growth promoter with the disease advancement. The inter-communication and crosstalk of TGF-β with different signaling pathways has strengthened the likelihood to explore it as a comprehensive biomarker. In the last two decades, TGF-β has been studied extensively and has been found to be a promising biomarker for early detection, disease monitoring, treatment selection, and tumor progression making it beneficial for disease management. In this review, we focus on the signaling pathways and biological activities of the TGF-β family in breast cancer pathogenesis and its role as a circulatory and independent biomarker for breast cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, this review highlights TGF-β as a drug target, and the underlying mechanisms through which it is involved in tumorigenesis that will aid in the development of varied therapies targeting the different stages of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Shukla
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Ankit Naik
- Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 390009, India
| | - Kamlesh Moryani
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Molisha Soni
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Heena Dave
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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20
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Xia W, Sun L, Du Y, Zhang Y, Jia Z. Role of USP13 in physiology and diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:977122. [PMID: 36188217 PMCID: PMC9515447 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.977122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease (USP)-13 is a deubiquitinase that removes ubiquitin from substrates to prevent protein degradation by the proteasome. Currently, the roles of USP13 in physiology and pathology have been reported. In physiology, USP13 is highly associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, myoblast differentiation, quality control of the endoplasmic reticulum, and autophagy. In pathology, it has been reported that USP13 is important in the pathogenesis of infection, inflammation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. This mini-review summarizes the most recent advances in USP13 studies involving its pathophysiological roles in different conditions and provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of relevant diseases, as well as further research on USP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Sun
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Sun
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhang, ; Zhanjun Jia,
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhang, ; Zhanjun Jia,
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21
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Watanabe M, Yahagi T, Shirayama T, Miyake K, Kotani H, Ogawa T, Matsuzaki K. Effects of a Whole Plant Extract of Scutellaria rubropunctata var. rubropunctata on Bone Metabolism with Estrogen Receptor Activation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162075. [PMID: 36015379 PMCID: PMC9412382 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We screened natural resources for estrogen receptor (ER)-activating and bone metabolism-promoting activities with the aim of finding potential treatments for osteoporosis. A screen of 1531 extracts from Ryukyu Arc plants using a luciferase reporter assay identified an 80% MeOH extract of Scutellaria rubropunctata var. rubropunctata (SRE) with dose-dependent ER transcription-promoting activity. Importantly, SRE had no proliferative effect on human breast cancer cells. SRE enhanced the ALP activity of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells after 72 h in culture and slightly enhanced mineralization at 14 and 21 d. SRE did not significantly affect the TRAP activity of RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression analysis in MC3T3-E1 cells by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that SRE upregulated the mRNA levels of Runx2, Osterix (Osx), Osteopontin (Opn), Osteocalcin (Ocn), Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 at 72 h, and those of Runx2, Osx, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 at 21 d of osteogenic induction. Analysis of the expression levels of osteogenic markers suggested that SRE may promote osteogenic differentiation by acting at the early stage of differentiation rather than at the late stage of differentiation. These results indicate that SRE activates ER and induces osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 and Osx through the BMP/Smad pathway, suggesting that SRE may be useful for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Yahagi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Takahiro Shirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (K.M.)
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22
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Wang Z, Chen J, Wang S, Sun Z, Lei Z, Zhang HT, Huang J. RGS6 suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancers via a novel mechanism dependent on its interaction with SMAD4. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:656. [PMID: 35902557 PMCID: PMC9334288 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor that has been shown to be protective in development of various cancers such as breast cancer and bladder cancer. But the mechanisms underlying these tumor-suppressing functions of RGS6 are not fully understood. Here, we discover a novel function of RGS6 in suppressing TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in vivo NSCLC metastasis. Using both bioinformatics and experimental tools, we showed that RGS6 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to noncancerous counterparts, and low expression of RGS6 was associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Overexpression of RGS6 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in vitro and TGF-β-promoted metastasis in vivo, by impairing gene expression of downstream effectors induced by the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling. The ability of RGS6 to suppress TGF-β-SMAD-mediated gene expression relied on its binding to SMAD4 to prevent complex formation between SMAD4 and SMAD2/3, but independent of its regulation of the G-protein signaling. Interaction between RGS6 and SMAD4 caused less nuclear entry of p-SMAD3 and SMAD4, resulting in inefficient SMAD3-mediated gene expression. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel and noncanonical role of RGS6 in regulation of TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis of NSCLC and identify RGS6 as a prognostic marker and a potential novel target for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jun Chen
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006 China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Basic Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000 China
| | - Zelong Sun
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhe Lei
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China ,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123 China
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23
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Ju N, Hayashi H, Shimamura M, Baba S, Yoshida S, Morishita R, Rakugi H, Nakagami H. Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by a RANKL peptide in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12474. [PMID: 35864207 PMCID: PMC9304352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent therapeutic developments for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, its prognosis is still not well controlled, and a novel therapeutic agent is needed. Recently, the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis has been reported; however, the effects of multiple TLR signaling inhibition are still unknown. Here, we examined how the inhibition of multiple TLRs affects pulmonary fibrosis using a novel synthetic receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) partial peptide, MHP1-AcN, which could suppress TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 signaling through CD14 and RANK. When MHP1-AcN was administered in the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, reduced collagen deposition was observed, with suppressed fibrosis-related gene expression including Col1a1, Col1a2, Acta2, Tgfb1 and Tgfbr2. MHP1-AcN also decreased proinflammatory M1 and profibrotic M2 macrophage marker expression. Furthermore, MHP1-AcN treatment inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF-β)-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and myofibroblast differentiation in human fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. This effect was associated with decreased TGF-β receptor levels and the upregulated Bmp7 and Smad7 expression. These findings suggest that MHP1-AcN protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. MHP1-AcN might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ju
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. .,Department of Health Development and Medicine and Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Centre of Medical Innovation and Translational Research (6Th Floor, Room 0612B), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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24
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Xie F, Zhou X, Li H, Su P, Liu S, Li R, Zou J, Wei X, Pan C, Zhang Z, Zheng M, Liu Z, Meng X, Ovaa H, Ten Dijke P, Zhou F, Zhang L. USP8 promotes cancer progression and extracellular vesicle-mediated CD8+ T cell exhaustion by deubiquitinating the TGF-β receptor TβRII. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108791. [PMID: 35811497 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling is a key player in tumor progression and immune evasion, and is associated with poor response to cancer immunotherapies. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) as a metastasis enhancer and a highly active deubiquitinase in aggressive breast tumors. USP8 acts both as a cancer stemness-promoting factor and an activator of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. USP8 directly deubiquitinates and stabilizes the type II TGF-β receptor TβRII, leading to its increased expression in the plasma membrane and in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs). Increased USP8 activity was observed in patients resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapies. USP8 promotes TGF-β/SMAD-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. USP8 expression also enables TβRII+ circulating extracellular vesicles (crEVs) to induce T cell exhaustion and chemoimmunotherapy resistance. Pharmacological inhibition of USP8 antagonizes TGF-β/SMAD signaling, and reduces TβRII stability and the number of TβRII+ crEVs to prevent CD8+ T cell exhaustion and to reactivate anti-tumor immunity. Our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism whereby USP8 regulates the cancer microenvironment but also demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of engineering USP8 inhibitors to simultaneously suppress metastasis and improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heyu Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Su
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zou
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Marcisz M, Gaardløs M, Bojarski KK, Siebenmorgen T, Zacharias M, Samsonov SA. Explicit solvent repulsive scaling replica exchange molecular dynamics (RS-REMD) in molecular modeling of protein-glycosaminoglycan complexes. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1633-1640. [PMID: 35796487 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglcyans (GAGs), linear anionic periodic polysaccharides, are crucial for many biologically relevant functions in the extracellular matrix. By interacting with proteins GAGs mediate processes such as cancer development, cell proliferation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this eminent importance of GAGs, they still represent a limited focus for the computational community in comparison to other classes of biomolecules. Therefore, there is a lack of modeling tools designed specifically for docking GAGs. One has to rely on existing docking software developed mostly for small drug molecules substantially differing from GAGs in their basic physico-chemical properties. In this study, we present an updated protocol for docking GAGs based on the Repulsive Scaling Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics (RS-REMD) that includes explicit solvent description. The use of this water model improved docking performance both in terms of its accuracy and speed. This method represents a significant computational progress in GAG-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Universuty of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof K Bojarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Till Siebenmorgen
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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26
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Rayat S, Ramezanidoraki N, Kazemi N, Modarressi MH, Falah M, Zardadi S, Morovvati S. Association study between polymorphisms in MIA3, SELE, SMAD3 and CETP genes and coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:298. [PMID: 35768776 PMCID: PMC9245199 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease. Several studies have shown association between some polymorphism in different genes with CAD. Finding this association can be used in order to early diagnosis and prevention of CAD. Method 101 CAD patients with ≥ 50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel as case group and 111 healthy individuals as control group were selected. the polymorphisms were evaluated by ARMS-PCR and RFLP-PCR methods. Result The results of this study show that there is no significant association between rs17228212, rs17465637, and rs708272 and risk of CAD. But there is significant association between risk of CAD and rs5355 (p-value = 0.022) and rs3917406 (p-value = 0.006) in total cases, and rs5882 (p-value = 0.001) in male cases. Conclusions Our findings revealed a significant interaction between CETP SNPs and CETP activity for affecting HDL-C levels. The SELE gene is a known cell adhesion molecule with a significant role in inflammation. Studies about possible linkage between SELE gene polymorphisms and the development of CAD are conflicting. We have found a significant association between polymorphisms of SELE gene and risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rayat
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Ramezanidoraki
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Kazemi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Modarressi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Zardadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Cadena-Suárez AR, Hernández-Hernández HA, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Rangel-Escareño C, Sommer B, Negrete-García MC. Role of MicroRNAs in Signaling Pathways Associated with the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Focus on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126613. [PMID: 35743055 PMCID: PMC9224458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive disease with high mortality and unclear etiology. Previous evidence supports that the origin of this disease is associated with epigenetic alterations, age, and environmental factors. IPF initiates with chronic epithelial lung injuries, followed by basal membrane destruction, which promotes the activation of myofibroblasts and excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Due to miRNAs’ role as regulators of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell interaction processes, some studies have involved miRNAs in the biogenesis and progression of IPF. In this context, the analysis and discussion of the probable association of miRNAs with the signaling pathways involved in the development of IPF would improve our knowledge of the associated molecular mechanisms, thereby facilitating its evaluation as a therapeutic target for this severe lung disease. In this work, the most recent publications evaluating the role of miRNAs as regulators or activators of signal pathways associated with the pathogenesis of IPF were analyzed. The search in Pubmed was made using the following terms: “miRNAs and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)”; “miRNAs and IPF and signaling pathways (SP)”; and “miRNAs and IPF and SP and IPF pathogenesis”. Additionally, we focus mainly on those works where the signaling pathways involved with EMT, fibroblast differentiation, and synthesis of ECM components were assessed. Finally, the importance and significance of miRNAs as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools for the treatment of IPF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruth Cadena-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
| | - Hilda Arely Hernández-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Rangel-Escareño
- Departamento de Genomica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Epigmenio González 500, San Pablo 76130, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Cristina Negrete-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calz. Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.C.-S.); (H.A.H.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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Cao S, Xiao Y, Huang R, Zhao D, Xu W, Li S, Tang J, Qu F, Jin J, Xie S, Liu Z. Dietary Supplementation With Hydroxyproline Enhances Growth Performance, Collagen Synthesis and Muscle Quality of Carassius auratus Triploid. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913800. [PMID: 35721560 PMCID: PMC9198714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An eight-week experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary hydroxyproline (Hyp) supplementation on growth performance, collagen synthesis, muscle quality of an improved triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus Triploid) (ITCC). Six isonitrogenous (340 g/kg diet), isolipidic (60 g/kg diet) and isocaloric (17.80 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated containing a certain amount of Hyp: 0.09% (the control group), 0.39, 0.76, 1.14, 1.53 and 1.90%. Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks and each group was fed two times daily until apparent satiation. The results showed that growth performance and feed utilization of ITCC were significantly improved with the dietary Hyp level was increased from 0.09 to 0.76%. Crude protein, threonine and arginine content in the dorsal muscle in 0.76% hydroxyproline group were significantly higher than those in basic diet group (p < 0.05). The muscle textural characteristics increased remarkably with the amount of Hyp in the diet rising from 0.09 to 1.53% (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the contents of type I collagen (Col I) and Pyridinium crosslink (PYD) in the muscle of fish were significantly increased by dietary Hyp (p < 0.05). The muscle fiber diameter and density of the fish were significantly increased when fed with 0.76% Hyp (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with an appropriate concentration of Hyp substantially increased the expression of genes involved in collagen synthesis (col1a1, col1a2, p4hα1, p4hβ, smad4, smad5, smad9, and tgf-β) and muscle growth (igf-1, tor, myod, myf5, and myhc) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Hyp can enhance fish growth performance, collagen production, muscle textural characteristics and muscle growth of ITCC. According to the SGR broken-line analysis, the recommended supplementation level of Hyp was 0.74% in the diet for ITCC, corresponding to 2.2% of dietary protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenping Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangbo Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Dafang Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Shitao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Liu,
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Delay of Feed Post-Hatch Causes Changes in Expression of Immune-Related Genes and Their Correlation with Components of Gut Microbiota, but Does Not Affect Protein Expression. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101316. [PMID: 35625162 PMCID: PMC9138158 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newly hatched chicks do not have access to feed until between 48 and 72 h post-hatch based on standard practices in the poultry industry. How these practices affect the chicken’s immune system in not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of a delay in access to feed for 48 h in newly hatched chicks on the expression of various immune-related genes in the ileum and analyzed the correlation between these genes and the components of the ileal microbiota. The results suggest that several immune-related genes were affected by delayed access to feed and the age of the birds; however, these changes were transient, occurring mostly within 48 h of the return of birds to feed. In the correlation analysis between gene expression and components of the ileal microbiota, an increased number of significant correlations between immune-related genes and the genera Clostridium, Enterococcus, and the species Clostridium perfringens suggests a perturbation of the immune response and ileal microbiota in response to lack of feed immediately post-hatch. These results point out the complexity of the interplay between microbiota and the immune response and will help further explain the negative effects of delay in access to feed on production parameters in chickens. Abstract Because the delay of feed post-hatch (PH) has been associated with negative growth parameters, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of delayed access to feed in broiler chicks on the expression of immune-related genes and select proteins. In addition, an analysis of the correlation between gene expression and components of the gut microbiota was carried out. Ross 708 eggs were incubated and hatched, and hatchlings were divided into FED and NONFED groups. The NONFED birds did not have access to feed until 48 h PH, while FED birds were given feed immediately PH. The ileum from both groups (n = 6 per group) was sampled at embryonic day 19 (e19) and day 0 (wet chicks), and 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, and 336 h PH. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out to measure the expression of avian interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, and avian β-defensins (AvBD) I, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Protein expression of IL-10, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-18 were measured using ELISAs. A correlation analysis was carried out to determine whether any significant association existed between immune gene expression and components of the ileal luminal and mucosal microbiota. Expression of several immune-related genes (TGF-β, TLR4, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and AvBDs 8 and 9) were significantly affected by the interaction between feed status and age. The effects were transient and occurred between 48 and 96 h PH. The rest of the genes and four proteins were significantly affected by age, with a decrease in expression noted over time. Correlation analysis indicated that stronger correlations exist among gene expression and microbiota in NONFED birds. The data presented here indicates that delay in feed PH can affect genes encoding components of the immune system. Additionally, the correlation analysis between immune gene expression and microbiota components indicates that a delay in feed has a significant effect on the interaction between the immune system and the microbiota.
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Chen J, Chang R. Association of TGF-β Canonical Signaling-Related Core Genes With Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissections. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888563. [PMID: 35517795 PMCID: PMC9065418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is essential for the maintenance of the normal structure and function of the aorta. It includes SMAD-dependent canonical pathways and noncanonical signaling pathways. Accumulated genetic evidence has shown that TGF-β canonical signaling-related genes have key roles in aortic aneurysms (AAs) and aortic dissections and many gene mutations have been identified in patients, such as those for transforming growth factor-beta receptor one TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and SMAD6. Aortic specimens from patients with these mutations often show paradoxically enhanced TGF-β signaling. Some hypotheses have been proposed and new AA models in mice have been constructed to reveal new mechanisms, but the role of TGF-β signaling in AAs is controversial. In this review, we focus mainly on the role of canonical signaling-related core genes in diseases of the aorta, as well as recent advances in gene-mutation detection, animal models, and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Chen
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Chang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094831. [PMID: 35563220 PMCID: PMC9102299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.
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Qiu JL, Zhang GF, Chai YN, Han XY, Zheng HT, Li XF, Duan F, Chen LY. Ligustrazine attenuates liver fibrosis by targeting miR-145 mediated TGF-β/Smad signaling in an animal model of biliary atresia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:257-265. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Xue L, Xu J, Lu W, Fu J, Liu Z. Iguratimod alleviates tubulo-interstitial injury in mice with lupus. Ren Fail 2022; 44:636-647. [PMID: 35387545 PMCID: PMC9004506 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2058962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tubulo-interstitial injury is a poor prognostic factor for lupus nephritis (LN). Here, we tested whether iguratimod could inhibit tubulo-interstitial injury in LN. METHODS MRL/lpr mice, an animal model of lupus, were treated with iguratimod or vehicle solution. Pathological changes of kidney were evaluated blindly by the same pathologist. Renal type I collagen (COL-I), IgG, E-cadherin, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining or quantitative real-time PCR. After treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and iguratimod, E-cadherin, fibronectin, Smad2/3, p38 MAPK, p-Smad2/3, and p-p38 MAPK, β-catenin and TGF-β type II receptor (TGFβRII) in HK2 cells were measured by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR or immunofluorescence. RESULTS Iguratimod reduced immune deposition along the tubular basement membrane, inhibited the tubulo-interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, and alleviated tubular injury in MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, Iguratimod eased the tubulo-interstitial deposition of collagen fibers, which was confirmed by decreased expression of COL-I. Furthermore, iguratimod suppressed the expression of FSP-1 and increased that of E-cadherin in renal tubular epithelial cells. In HK2 cells cultured with TGF-β1, iguratimod treatment not only reversed cellular morphological changes, but also prevented E-cadherin downregulation and fibronectin upregulation. In addition, iguratimod inhibited phosphorylation of TGFβRII, Smad2/3 and p38 MAPK in HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1, and also blocked nuclear translocation of β-catenin. CONCLUSION Iguratimod eased tubulo-interstitial lesions in LN, especially tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, and might have potential as a drug for inhibiting the progression of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixi Xue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentian Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhichun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mwaura AN, Riaz MA, Maoga JB, Mecha E, Omwandho COA, Scheiner-Bobis G, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. Role of Betaglycan in TGF-β Signaling and Wound Healing in Human Endometriotic Epithelial Cells and in Endometriosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040513. [PMID: 35453712 PMCID: PMC9027931 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrium most often in the pelvis. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily is also involved in the pathogenesis; however, betaglycan (BG, syn. TGF-β type III receptor) as an important co-receptor was not studied. We analyzed mainly BG ectodomain shedding because released soluble BG (sBG) often antagonizes TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, we studied the role of TGF-βs and BG in wound healing and evaluated the suitability of BG measurements in serum and endocervical mucus for non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Evaluation of the BG shedding and signaling pathways involved as well as wound healing was performed with enzyme-linked immune assays (ELISAs), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown, and scratch assays with human endometriotic epithelial cells. TGF-β1/2 stimulation resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction in BG shedding in endometriotic cells, which was TGF-β/activin receptor-like kinase-5 (ALK-5)/mother against decapentaplegic homolog3 (SMAD3)- but not SMAD2-dependent. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using the pan-MMP inhibitor GM6001 and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP3) equally attenuated BG shedding, signifying the involvement of MMPs in shedding. Likewise, recombinant BG moderately reduced the secretion of TGF-β1/2 and wound healing of endometriotic cells. TGF-β1 significantly enhanced the secretion of MMP2 and MMP3 and moderately promoted wound healing. In order to evaluate the role of BG in endometriosis, serum (n = 238) and mucus samples (n = 182) were analyzed. Intriguingly, a significant reduction in the levels of sBG in endocervical mucus but not in the serum of endometriosis patients compared to controls was observed. Collectively, these observations support a novel role for BG in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes N. Mwaura
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstr. 10-12, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (J.B.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Muhammad A. Riaz
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstr. 10-12, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (J.B.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Jane B. Maoga
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstr. 10-12, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (J.B.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ezekiel Mecha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | | | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstr. 10-12, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (J.B.M.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Center of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Feulgenstr. 10-12, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.N.M.); (M.A.R.); (J.B.M.); (I.M.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-641-985-45282
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Afrin S, Ali M, El Sabeh M, Yang Q, Al‐Hendy A, Borahay MA. Simvastatin inhibits stem cell proliferation in human leiomyoma via TGF-β3 and Wnt/β-Catenin pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1684-1698. [PMID: 35118811 PMCID: PMC8899165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common gynaecologic tumour, affecting an estimated 70 to 80% of women. Leiomyomas develop from the transformation of myometrial stem cells into leiomyoma stem (or tumour-initiating) cells. These cells undergo self-renewal and differentiation to mature cells, both are necessary for the maintenance of tumour stem cell niche and tumour growth, respectively. Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/SMAD pathways, both overactive in UL, promote stem cell self-renewal, crosstalk between stem and mature cells, cellular proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and drive overall UL growth. Recent evidence suggests that simvastatin, an antihyperlipidemic drug, may have anti-leiomyoma properties. Herein, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on UL stem cells. We isolated leiomyoma stem cells by flow cytometry using DyeCycle Violet staining and Stro-1/CD44 surface markers. We found that simvastatin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in UL stem cells. In addition, it also suppressed the expression of the stemness markers Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2. Simvastatin significantly decreased the production of the key ECM proteins, collagen 1 and fibronectin. Finally, it inhibited genes and/or proteins expression of TGF-β1, 2 and 3, SMAD2, SMAD4, Wnt4, β-Catenin, LRP6, AXIN2 and Cyclin D1 in UL stem cells, all are key drivers of the TGF-β3/SMAD2 and Wnt4/β-Catenin pathways. Thus, we have identified a novel stem cell-targeting anti-leiomyoma simvastatin effect. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity of Chicago School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Ayman Al‐Hendy
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity of Chicago School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mostafa A. Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
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Li Y, Fan W, Link F, Wang S, Dooley S. Transforming growth factor β latency: A mechanism of cytokine storage and signalling regulation in liver homeostasis and disease. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100397. [PMID: 35059619 PMCID: PMC8760520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent effector in the liver, which is involved in a plethora of processes initiated upon liver injury. TGF-β affects parenchymal, non-parenchymal, and inflammatory cells in a highly context-dependent manner. Its bioavailability is critical for a fast response to various insults. In the liver – and probably in other organs – this is made possible by the deposition of a large portion of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix as an inactivated precursor form termed latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β). Several matrisomal proteins participate in matrix deposition, latent complex stabilisation, and activation of L-TGF-β. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was recently identified as a critical factor in maintaining the latency of deposited L-TGF-β in the healthy liver. Indeed, its depletion causes spontaneous TGF-β signalling activation with deleterious effects on liver architecture and function. This review article presents the current knowledge on intracellular L-TGF-β complex formation, secretion, matrix deposition, and activation and describes the proteins and processes involved. Further, we emphasise the therapeutic potential of toning down L-TGF-β activation in liver fibrosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213835595.
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213833768;
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Esposito P, Picciotto D, Battaglia Y, Costigliolo F, Viazzi F, Verzola D. Myostatin: Basic biology to clinical application. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:181-234. [PMID: 35152972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. It is expressed by animal and human skeletal muscle cells where it limits muscle growth and promotes protein breakdown. Its effects are influenced by complex mechanisms including transcriptional and epigenetic regulation and modulation by extracellular binding proteins. Due to its actions in promoting muscle atrophy and cachexia, myostatin has been investigated as a promising therapeutic target to counteract muscle mass loss in experimental models and patients affected by different muscle-wasting conditions. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that myostatin, beyond to regulate skeletal muscle growth, may have a role in many physiologic and pathologic processes, such as obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. In this chapter, we review myostatin biology, including intracellular and extracellular regulatory pathways, and the role of myostatin in modulating physiologic processes, such as muscle growth and aging. Moreover, we discuss the most relevant experimental and clinical evidence supporting the extra-muscle effects of myostatin. Finally, we consider the main strategies developed and tested to inhibit myostatin in clinical trials and discuss the limits and future perspectives of the research on myostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Costigliolo
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Sconocchia T, Sconocchia G. Regulation of the Immune System in Health and Disease by Members of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Family. Front Immunol 2021; 12:802346. [PMID: 34925388 PMCID: PMC8674571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potent signaling molecules initially described as osteopromoting proteins. BMPs represent one of the members of the larger TGFβ family and today are recognized for their important role in numerous processes. Among the wide array of functions recently attributed to them, BMPs were also described to be involved in the regulation of components of the innate and adaptive immune response. This review focuses on the signaling pathway of BMPs and highlights the effects of BMP signaling on the differentiation, activation, and function of the main cell types of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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40
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Cho SS, Lee JH, Kim KM, Park EY, Ku SK, Cho IJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. REDD1 attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:246-256. [PMID: 34614448 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by repetitive hepatic injury. Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) gene is induced by various stresses and has been studied in cell proliferation and survival. However, the role of REDD1 in hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrogenesis has not yet been investigated. In the current study, we examined the effect of REDD1 on hepatic fibrogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism. REDD1 protein was upregulated in the activated primary hepatic stellate cells and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated LX-2 cells. REDD1 mRNA levels were also elevated by TGF-β treatment. TGF-β signaling is primarily transduced via the activation of the Smad transcription factor. However, TGF-β-mediated REDD1 induction was not Smad-dependent. Thus, we investigated the transcription factors that influence the REDD1 expression by TGF-β. We found that c-JUN, a component of AP-1, upregulated the REDD1 expression that was specifically suppressed by p38 inhibitor. In silico analysis of the REDD1 promoter region showed putative AP-1-binding sites; additionally, its deletion mutants demonstrated that the AP-1-binding site between -716 and -587 bp within the REDD1 promoter is critical for TGF-β-mediated REDD1 induction. Moreover, REDD1 overexpression markedly inhibited TGF-β-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression and Smad phosphorylation. REDD1 adenovirus infection inhibited CCl4-induced hepatic injury in mice, which was demonstrated by reduced ALT/AST levels and collagen accumulation. In addition, we observed that REDD1 inhibited CCl4-induced fibrogenic gene induction and restored GSH and malondialdehyde levels. Our findings implied that REDD1 has the potential to inhibit HSC activation and protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Exploring the Effect of Jiawei Buguzhi Pills on TGF- β-Smad Pathway in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Based on Integrated Pharmacological Strategy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5556653. [PMID: 34754316 PMCID: PMC8572597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of Jiawei Buguzhi Pills (JWBGZP) on the TGF-β-Smad pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) based on integrated pharmacological strategy. Method The ETCM database was used to collect JWBGZP. GeneCards and OMIM databases were utilized to obtain PMO-related genes. Cytoscape was used for network construction and analysis, and DAVID was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets. Animal experiments and cell experiments were conducted to further explore the mechanism. The bone mass density was detected by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer. The TGF-β1 and Smad4 mRNA in bone tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. The TGF-β1 and Smad4 protein in bone tissue were detected by the western blot. The TGF-β1 and Smad4 protein in osteoblasts were determined by immunohistochemistry. Result A total of 721 JWBGZP potential targets and 385 PMO-related genes were obtained. The enrichment analysis showed that JWBGZP may regulate the TGF-beta signaling pathway, oxidation-reduction process, aging, response to hypoxia, response to ethanol, negative regulation of cell proliferation, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways. The animal experiments showed that compared with the model group, the femoral bone mineral density and lumbar bone mineral density of the JWBGZP group increased (P < 0.05); the expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad mRNA and proteins in the JWBGZP group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The cell experiment results showed a large number of osteoblast stained blue-purple and orange-red calcified nodules. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad proteins in the JWBGZP group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group and the sham operation group, and the protein expression levels in the model group were the lowest (P < 0.05). Conclusion JWBGZP may be involved in PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, estrogen, prolactin, and other signaling pathways and regulate MAPK1, AKT1, PIK3CA, JAK2, and other gene targets, regulate bone metabolism, and thereby treat PMO.
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Liu Z, Ren Y, Meng L, Li L, Beatson R, Deng J, Zhang T, Liu J, Han X. Epigenetic Signaling of Cancer Stem Cells During Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772211. [PMID: 34722553 PMCID: PMC8554148 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a great challenge to human health, which has led to many studies increasingly elucidating the tumorigenic process. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have profound impacts on tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between inflammation and CSCs but the mechanism underlying this relationship has not been fully elucidated. Inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation activate signaling pathways that regulate the generation of CSCs through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the effects of inflammation on cancer stem cells, particularly the role of signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, STAT3 pathway and Smad pathway involved in regulating epigenetic changes. We hope to provide a novel perspective for improving strategies for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Henan Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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RGS5-TGFβ-Smad2/3 axis switches pro- to anti-apoptotic signaling in tumor-residing pericytes, assisting tumor growth. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3052-3076. [PMID: 34012071 PMCID: PMC8564526 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulator-of-G-protein-signaling-5 (RGS5), a pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative protein, is a signature molecule of tumor-associated pericytes, highly expressed in several cancers, and is associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis. Surprisingly, despite the negative influence of intrinsic RGS5 expression on pericyte survival, RGS5highpericytes accumulate in progressively growing tumors. However, responsible factor(s) and altered-pathway(s) are yet to report. RGS5 binds with Gαi/q and promotes pericyte apoptosis in vitro, subsequently blocking GPCR-downstream PI3K-AKT signaling leading to Bcl2 downregulation and promotion of PUMA-p53-Bax-mediated mitochondrial damage. However, within tumor microenvironment (TME), TGFβ appeared to limit the cytocidal action of RGS5 in tumor-residing RGS5highpericytes. We observed that in the presence of high RGS5 concentrations, TGFβ-TGFβR interactions in the tumor-associated pericytes lead to the promotion of pSmad2-RGS5 binding and nuclear trafficking of RGS5, which coordinately suppressed RGS5-Gαi/q and pSmad2/3-Smad4 pairing. The RGS5-TGFβ-pSmad2 axis thus mitigates both RGS5- and TGFβ-dependent cellular apoptosis, resulting in sustained pericyte survival/expansion within the TME by rescuing PI3K-AKT signaling and preventing mitochondrial damage and caspase activation. This study reports a novel mechanism by which TGFβ fortifies and promotes survival of tumor pericytes by switching pro- to anti-apoptotic RGS5 signaling in TME. Understanding this altered RGS5 signaling might prove beneficial in designing future cancer therapy.
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Mirahmadi Y, Nabavi R, Taheri F, Samadian MM, Ghale-Noie ZN, Farjami M, Samadi-khouzani A, Yousefi M, Azhdari S, Salmaninejad A, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3408937. [PMID: 34721577 PMCID: PMC8553480 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3408937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic cancer-related mortality. Regardless of outstanding advances, which have been made for improving the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, the majority of the patients will die of the disease. Late-stage diagnosis and the occurrence of recurrent cancer after treatment are the most important causes of the high mortality rate observed in ovarian cancer patients. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer may help find new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional stage, through binding to mRNA targets and inducing translational repression or degradation of target via the RNA-induced silencing complex. Over the last two decades, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, including ovarian cancer, has been documented in multiple studies. Consequently, these small RNAs could be considered as reliable markers for prognosis and early diagnosis. Furthermore, given the function of miRNAs in various cellular pathways, including cell survival and differentiation, targeting miRNAs could be an interesting approach for the treatment of human cancers. Here, we review our current understanding of the most updated role of the important dysregulation of miRNAs and their roles in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we meticulously discuss the significance of miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Lastly, we mention the opportunities and the efforts made for targeting ovarian cancer through inhibition and/or stimulation of the miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Mirahmadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Fourough Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Samadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Farjami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Samadi-khouzani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Marcisz M, Zacharias M, Samsonov SA. Modeling Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Complexes: Does the Size Matter? J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4475-4485. [PMID: 34494837 PMCID: PMC8479808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Docking glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has been challenging because
of the complex nature of these long periodic linear and negatively
charged polysaccharides. Although standard docking tools like Autodock3
are successful when docking GAGs up to hexameric length, they experience
challenges to properly dock longer GAGs. Similar limitations concern
other docking approaches typically developed for docking ligands of
limited size to proteins. At the same time, most of more advanced
docking approaches are challenging for a user who is inexperienced
with complex in silico methodologies. In this work,
we evaluate the binding energies of complexes with different lengths
of GAGs using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Based on this
analysis, we propose a new docking protocol for long GAGs that consists
of conventional docking of short GAGs and further elongation with
the use of a coarse-grained representation of the GAG parts not being
in direct contact with its protein receptor. This method automated
by a simple script is straightforward to use within the Autodock3
framework but also useful in combination with other standard docking
tools. We believe that this method with some minor case-specific modifications
could also be used for docking other linear charged polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marcisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.,Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of UG and MUG, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center of Functional Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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46
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The Protein-Independent Role of Phosphate in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070503. [PMID: 34357974 PMCID: PMC8310030 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors contribute to renal-function decline in CKD patients, and the role of phosphate content in the diet is still a matter of debate. This study aims to analyze the mechanism by which phosphate, independent of protein, is associated with the progression of CKD. Adult Munich-Wistar rats were submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), fed with a low-protein diet, and divided into two groups. Only phosphate content (low phosphate, LoP, 0.2%; high phosphate, HiP, 0.95%) differentiated diets. After sixty days, biochemical parameters and kidney histology were analyzed. The HiP group presented worse renal function, with higher levels of PTH, FGF-23, and fractional excretion of phosphate. In the histological analysis of the kidney tissue, they also showed a higher percentage of interstitial fibrosis, expression of α-actin, PCNA, and renal infiltration by macrophages. The LoP group presented higher expression of beclin-1 in renal tubule cells, a marker of autophagic flux, when compared to the HiP group. Our findings highlight the action of phosphate in the induction of kidney interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to the progression of renal disease. A possible effect of phosphate on the dysregulation of the renal cell autophagy mechanism needs further investigation with clinical studies.
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Liu X, Chen JY, Chien Y, Yang YP, Chen MT, Lin LT. Overview of the molecular mechanisms of migration and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:669-677. [PMID: 34029218 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most devastating cancers, with an approximate median survival of only 16 months. Although some new insights into the fantastic heterogeneity of this kind of brain tumor have been revealed in recent studies, all subclasses of GBM still demonstrate highly aggressive invasion properties to the surrounding parenchyma. This behavior has become the main obstruction to current curative therapies as invasive GBM cells migrate away from these foci after surgical therapies. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a relatively comprehensive study of GBM invasion mechanisms, which contains an intricate network of interactions and signaling pathways with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these related molecules, TGF-β, the ECM, Akt, and microRNAs are most significant in terms of cellular procedures related to GBM motility and invasion. Moreover, we also review data indicating that Musashi-1 (MSI1), a neural RNA-binding protein (RBP), regulates GBM motility and invasion, maintains stem cell populations in GBM, and promotes drug-resistant GBM phenotypes by stimulating necessary oncogenic signaling pathways through binding and regulating mRNA stability. Importantly, these necessary oncogenic signaling pathways have a close connection with TGF-β, ECM, and Akt. Thus, it appears promising to find MSI-specific inhibitors or RNA interference-based treatments to prevent the actions of these molecules despite using RBPs, which are known as hard therapeutic targets. In summary, this review aims to provide a better understanding of these signaling pathways to help in developing novel therapeutic approaches with better outcomes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ju-Yu Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Education & Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Transforming growth factor-β2-mediated mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells is repressed in the absence of RAGE. Biochem J 2021; 478:2285-2296. [PMID: 34143864 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2)-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lens epithelial cells (LECs) has been implicated in fibrosis associated with secondary cataracts. In this study, we investigated whether the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a role in TGFβ2-mediated EMT in LECs. Unlike in the LECs from wild-type mice, TGFβ2 failed to elicit an EMT response in LECs from RAGE knockout mice. The lack of RAGE also diminished TGFβ2-mediated Smad signaling. In addition, treatment with TGFβ2 increased IL-6 levels in LECs from wild-type mice but not in those from RAGE knockout mice. Treatment of human LECs with the RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1 reduced TGFβ2-mediated Smad signaling and the EMT response. Unlike that in wild-type lenses, the removal of fiber cell tissue in RAGE knockout lenses did not result in elevated levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), and integrin β1 in capsule-adherent LECs. Taken together, these results suggest that TGFβ2 signaling is intricately linked to RAGE. Targeting RAGE could be explored as a therapeutic strategy against secondary cataracts.
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Liu M, López de Juan Abad B, Cheng K. Cardiac fibrosis: Myofibroblast-mediated pathological regulation and drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:504-519. [PMID: 33831476 PMCID: PMC8299409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in heart diseases. After initial injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) that are major mediator cells in the pathological remodeling. MyoFbs exhibit proliferative and secretive characteristics, and contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, collagen deposition. The persistent functions of myoFbs lead to fibrotic scars and cardiac dysfunction. The anti-fibrotic treatment is hindered by the elusive mechanism of fibrosis and lack of specific targets on myoFbs. In this review, we will outline the progress of cardiac fibrosis and its contributions to the heart failure. We will also shed light on the role of myoFbs in the regulation of adverse remodeling. The communication between myoFbs and other cells that are involved in the heart injury and repair respectively will be reviewed in detail. Then, recently developed therapeutic strategies to treat fibrosis will be summarized such as i) chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy with an optimal target on myoFbs, ii) direct reprogramming from stem cells to quiescent CFs, iii) "off-target" small molecular drugs. The application of nano/micro technology will be discussed as well, which is involved in the construction of cell-based biomimic platforms and "pleiotropic" drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Liu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Blanca López de Juan Abad
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, NC, USA; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA.
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50
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Morita W, Snelling SJB, Wheway K, Watkins B, Appleton L, Murphy RJ, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. Comparison of Cellular Responses to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 Between Healthy and Torn Tendons. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:1892-1903. [PMID: 34081556 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211011158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons heal by fibrotic repair, increasing the likelihood of reinjury. Animal tendon injury and overuse models have identified transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) as growth factors actively involved in the development of fibrosis, by mediating extracellular matrix synthesis and cell differentiation. PURPOSE To understand how TGF-β and BMPs contribute to fibrotic processes using tendon-derived cells isolated from healthy and diseased human tendons. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Tendon-derived cells were isolated from patients with a chronic rotator cuff tendon tear (large to massive, diseased) and healthy hamstring tendons of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament repair. Isolated cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) or BMP-2 (100 ng/mL) for 3 days. Gene expression was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell signaling pathway activation was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment induced ACAN mRNA expression in both cell types but less in the diseased compared with healthy cells (P < .05). BMP-2 treatment induced BGN mRNA expression in healthy but not diseased cells (P < .01). In the diseased cells, TGF-β1 treatment induced increased ACTA2 mRNA expression (P < .01) and increased small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling (P < .05) compared with those of healthy cells. Moreover, BMP-2 treatment induced ACTA2 mRNA expression in the diseased cells only (P < .05). CONCLUSION Diseased tendon-derived cells show reduced expression of the proteoglycans aggrecan and biglycan in response to TGF-β1 and BMP-2 treatments. These same treatments induced enhanced fibrotic differentiation and canonical SMAD cell signaling in diseased compared with healthy cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that diseased tendon-derived cells respond differently than healthy cells in the presence of TGF-β1 and BMP-2. The altered responses of diseased cells may influence fibrotic repair processes during tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Morita
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Appleton
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Murphy
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Brighton and Sussex University NHS Trust, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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