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Young RE, Nelson KM, Hofbauer SI, Vijayakumar T, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Papachristou C, Gleghorn JP, Riley RS. Systematic development of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for placental mRNA delivery using a design of experiments approach. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:125-137. [PMID: 38223537 PMCID: PMC10784148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained attention as mRNA delivery platforms for vaccination against COVID-19 and for protein replacement therapies. LNPs enhance mRNA stability, circulation time, cellular uptake, and preferential delivery to specific tissues compared to mRNA with no carrier platform. However, LNPs are only in the beginning stages of development for safe and effective mRNA delivery to the placenta to treat placental dysfunction. Here, we develop LNPs that enable high levels of mRNA delivery to trophoblasts in vitro and to the placenta in vivo with no toxicity. We conducted a Design of Experiments to explore how LNP composition, including the type and molar ratio of each lipid component, drives trophoblast and placental delivery. Our data revealed that utilizing C12-200 as the ionizable lipid and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as the phospholipid in the LNP design yields high transfection efficiency in vitro. Analysis of lipid molar composition as a design parameter in LNPs displayed a strong correlation between apparent pKa and poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) content, as a reduction in PEG molar amount increases apparent pKa. Further, we present one LNP platform that exhibits the highest delivery of placental growth factor mRNA to the placenta in pregnant mice, resulting in synthesis and secretion of a potentially therapeutic protein. Lastly, our high-performing LNPs have no toxicity to both the pregnant mice and fetuses. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of LNPs as a platform for mRNA delivery to the placenta, and our top LNP formulations may provide a therapeutic platform to treat diseases that originate from placental dysfunction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Katherine M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Samuel I. Hofbauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - Tara Vijayakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Charalampos Papachristou
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science & Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, United States
| | - Rachel S. Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
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Blanot M, Casaroli-Marano RP, Mondéjar-Medrano J, Sallén T, Ramírez E, Segú-Vergés C, Artigas L. Aflibercept Off-Target Effects in Diabetic Macular Edema: An In Silico Modeling Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3621. [PMID: 38612432 PMCID: PMC11011561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) is a treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME), but its mechanism of action (MoA) has not been completely elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore IAI's MoA and its multi-target nature in DME pathophysiology with an in silico (computer simulation) disease model. We used the Therapeutic Performance Mapping System (Anaxomics Biotech property) to generate mathematical models based on the available scientific knowledge at the time of the study, describing the relationship between the modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) by IAI and DME pathophysiological processes. We also undertook an enrichment analysis to explore the processes modulated by IAI, visualized the effectors' predicted protein activity, and specifically evaluated the role of VEGFR1 pathway inhibition on DME treatment. The models simulated the potential pathophysiology of DME and the likely IAI's MoA by inhibiting VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling. The action of IAI through both signaling pathways modulated the identified pathophysiological processes associated with DME, with the strongest effects in angiogenesis, blood-retinal barrier alteration and permeability, and inflammation. VEGFR1 inhibition was essential to modulate inflammatory protein effectors. Given the role of VEGFR1 signaling on the modulation of inflammatory-related pathways, IAI may offer therapeutic advantages for DME through sustained VEGFR1 pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Blanot
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Ricardo Pedro Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery (FMCS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thaïs Sallén
- Bayer Hispania S.L., 08970 Sant Joan Despí, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (T.S.)
| | - Esther Ramírez
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Artigas
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (E.R.); (C.S.-V.); (L.A.)
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Hinman JD, Elahi F, Chong D, Radabaugh H, Ferguson A, Maillard P, Thompson JF, Rosenberg GA, Sagare A, Moghekar A, Lu H, Lee T, Wilcock D, Satizabal CL, Tracy R, Seshadri S, Schwab K, Helmer K, Singh H, Kivisäkk P, Greenberg S, DeCarli C, Kramer J. Placental growth factor as a sensitive biomarker for vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3519-3527. [PMID: 36815663 PMCID: PMC10440207 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-performing biomarkers measuring the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia are lacking. METHODS Using a multi-site observational cohort study design, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of plasma placental growth factor (PlGF) within the MarkVCID Consortium (n = 335; CDR 0-1). Subjects underwent clinical evaluation, cognitive testing, MRI, and blood sampling as defined by Consortium protocols. RESULTS In the prospective population of 335 subjects (72.2 ± 7.8 years of age, 49.3% female), plasma PlGF (pg/mL) shows an ordinal odds ratio (OR) of 1.16 (1.07-1.25; P = .0003) for increasing Fazekas score and ordinal OR of 1.22 (1.14-1.32; P < .0001) for functional cognitive impairment measured by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. We achieved the primary study outcome of a site-independent association of plasma PlGF (pg/mL) with white matter injury and cognitive impairment in two of three study cohorts. Secondary outcomes using the full MarkVCID cohort demonstrated that plasma PlGF can significantly discriminate individuals with Fazekas ≥ 2 and CDR = 0.5 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.74) and CDR = 1 (AUC = 0.89) from individuals with CDR = 0. DISCUSSION Plasma PlGF measured by standardized immunoassay functions as a stable, reliable, diagnostic biomarker for cognitive impairment associated with substantial white matter burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
- Department of Neurology, West Los Angeles Veterans Association Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs
| | - Fanny Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Association Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs
| | - Davis Chong
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Hannah Radabaugh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco
| | - Adam Ferguson
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco Veterans Association Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Sagare
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California
| | | | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Tiffany Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Donna Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio
| | - Russell Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio
| | - Kristin Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Karl Helmer
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Herpreet Singh
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | - Steve Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University
| | | | - Joel Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco
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Young RE, Nelson KM, Hofbauer SI, Vijayakumar T, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Papachristou C, Gleghorn JP, Riley RS. Lipid Nanoparticle Composition Drives mRNA Delivery to the Placenta. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.22.521490. [PMID: 36597546 PMCID: PMC9810215 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.22.521490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained attention as mRNA delivery platforms for vaccination against COVID-19 and for protein replacement therapies. LNPs enhance mRNA stability, circulation time, cellular uptake, and preferential delivery to specific tissues compared to mRNA with no carrier platform. However, LNPs have yet to be developed for safe and effective mRNA delivery to the placenta as a method to treat placental dysfunction. Here, we develop LNPs that enable high levels of mRNA delivery to trophoblasts in vitro and to the placenta in vivo with no toxicity. We conducted a Design of Experiments to explore how LNP composition, including the type and molar ratio of each lipid component, drives trophoblast and placental delivery. Our data revealed that a specific combination of ionizable lipid and phospholipid in the LNP design yields high transfection efficiency in vitro . Further, we present one LNP platform that exhibits highest delivery of placental growth factor mRNA to the placenta in pregnant mice, which demonstrates induced protein synthesis and secretion of a therapeutic protein. Lastly, our high-performing LNPs have no toxicity to both the pregnant mice and fetuses. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of LNPs as a platform for mRNA delivery to the placenta. Our top LNPs may provide a therapeutic platform to treat diseases that originate from placental dysfunction during pregnancy.
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5
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Awobajo FO, Medobi EF, Abdul MW, Aminu BB, Ojimma CT, Dada OG. The effect of genistein on IGF-1, PlGF, sFLT-1 and fetoplacental development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 329:114122. [PMID: 36063867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which genistein, a phytoestrogen, affects fetoplacental development adversely are still poorly understood. It is reported that genistein ingestion modulates thyroid functions, leptin hormone, C-reactive protein, and thyroxin kinase activities. In this study, we evaluated changes in serum and placental insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) in pregnant rats exposed to genistein using ELISA. According to the treatments, Rats were divided into control, 2 mg genistein, and 4 mg genistein groups. Genistein groups were administered with the doses orally from gestational day (GD) one onwards until sacrifice, while the control group received an equal volume of distilled water the vehicle. At GD-12, GD-16, and GD-20, serum samples and placenta homogenates were prepared from maternal blood samples and the placenta and were analysed to determine the concentration of IGF-1, sFLT-1, and PIGF. Serum IGF-1 and PIGF were both increased in all genistein groups at GD-12 and GD-16, and at GD-20 in the 4 mg group. However, serum IGF-1and PIGF levels were decreased in the placenta from all genistein groups at GD-20. Placenta sFLT-1 levels increased at both GD-16 and GD-20 in genistein-treated rat serum. An initial decrease in placental sFLT-1 at GD-12 was followed by an increase at GD-16 and finally a decrease at GD-20 in all genistein-treated rats. The sFL-1/PlGF ratio in placenta samples of genistein-exposed rats was decreased at GD-16 and increased at GD-20, while the reverse was recorded in the serum sample at the same gestational periods. The fetoplacental growth disruption mechanism of genistein can be partly explained by its interference with placental growth factor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Awobajo
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - E F Medobi
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - M W Abdul
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B B Aminu
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C T Ojimma
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O G Dada
- Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Wu M, Shi Y, Zhu L, Chen L, Zhao X, Xu C. Macrophages in Glioblastoma Development and Therapy: A Double-Edged Sword. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081225. [PMID: 36013403 PMCID: PMC9409650 DOI: 10.3390/life12081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the leading lethal tumors, featuring aggressive malignancy and poor outcome to current standard temozolomide (TMZ) or radio-based therapy. Developing immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, have improved patient outcomes in other solid tumors but remain fatigued in GBM patients. Emerging evidence has shown that GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs), comprising brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages, act critically in boosting tumor progression, altering drug resistance, and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. Based on its crucial role, evaluations of the safety and efficacy of GAM-targeted therapy are ongoing, with promising (pre)clinical evidence updated. In this review, we summarized updated literature related to GAM nature, the interplay between GAMs and GBM cells, and GAM-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwan Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Luyi Zhu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoyi Chen
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Placental growth factor stabilizes VEGF receptor-2 protein in retinal pigment epithelial cells by downregulating glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102378. [PMID: 35970387 PMCID: PMC9478399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins that participate in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Anti-VEGF therapy has become the standard treatment for ocular angiogenic disorders in ophthalmological practice. However, there is emerging evidence that anti-VEGF treatment may increase the risk of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is important for the homeostasis of retinal tissue. Whereas the cytoprotective role of VEGF family molecules, particularly that of VEGF A (VEGFA) through its receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), has been recognized, the physiological role of PlGF in the retina is still unknown. In this study, we explored the role of PlGF in the RPE using PlGF-knockdown RPE cells generated by retrovirus-based PlGF-shRNA transduction. We show that VEGFA reduced apoptosis induced by serum starvation in RPE cells, whereas the antiapoptotic effect of VEGFA was abrogated by VEGFR-2 knockdown. Furthermore, PlGF knockdown increased serum starvation–induced cell apoptosis and unexpectedly reduced the protein level of VEGFR-2 in the RPE. The antiapoptotic effect of VEGFA was also diminished in PlGF-knockdown RPE cells. In addition, we found that glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity was involved in proteasomal degradation of VEGFR-2 in RPE cells and inactivated by PlGF via AKT phosphorylation. Overall, the present data demonstrate that PlGF is crucial for RPE cell viability and that PlGF supports VEGFA/VEGFR-2 signaling by stabilizing the VEGFR-2 protein levels through glycogen synthase kinase 3 inactivation.
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Du X, He X, Liu Q, Di R, Liu Q, Chu M. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals the Key lncRNA and mRNA of Sunite Sheep Adrenal Gland Affecting Seasonal Reproduction. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:816241. [PMID: 35464356 PMCID: PMC9024317 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.816241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays an important role in the growth and development of mammals. Recently, lncRNA transcripts have emerged as an area of importance in sheep photoperiod and seasonal estrus studies. This research aims to identify lncRNA and mRNA that are differentially expressed in the sheep adrenal gland in long (LP) or short (SP) photoperiods using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis based on the OVX + E2 (Bilateral ovariectomy and estradiol-implanted) model. We found significant differences in the expression of lncRNAs in LP42 (where LP is for 42 days) vs. SP-LP42 (where SP is for 42 days followed by LP for 42 days) (n = 304), SP42 (where SP is for 42 days) vs. SP-LP42 (n = 1,110) and SP42 vs. LP42 (n = 928). Cluster analysis and enrichment analysis identified SP42 vs. LP42 as a comparable group of interest and found the following candidate genes related to reproductive phenotype: FGF16, PLGF, CDKN1A, SEMA7A, EDG1, CACNA1C and ADCY5. FGF16 (Up-regulated lncRNA MSTRG.242136 and MSTRG.236582) is the only up-regulated gene that is closely related to oocyte maturation. However, EDG1 (Down-regulated lncRNA MSTRG.43609) and CACNA1C may be related to precocious puberty in sheep. PLGF (Down-regulated lncRNA MSTRG.146618 and MSTRG.247208) and CDKN1A (Up-regulated lncRNA MSTRG.203610 and MSTRG.129663) are involved in the growth and differentiation of placental and retinal vessels, and SEMA7A (Up-regulated lncRNA MSTRG.250579) is essential for the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. These results identify novel candidate genes that may regulate sheep seasonality and may lead to new methods for the management of sheep reproduction. This study provides a basis for further explanation of the basic molecular mechanism of the adrenal gland, but also provides a new idea for a comprehensive understanding of seasonal estrus characteristics in Sunite sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxing Chu
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9
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Krebs R, Tikkanen JM, Raissadati A, Hollmén M, Dhaygude K, Lemström KB. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Attenuates Natural Killer Cell and Innate Immune Responses in an Experimental Model for Obliterative Bronchiolitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 192:254-269. [PMID: 34774518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation is a nonreversible, life-threatening complication. We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 in the development of obliterative airway disease (OAD), an experimental model for OB. The nonimmunosuppressed recipients underwent transplantation with fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched heterotopic tracheal allografts and received VEGFR-1 and -2-specific monoclonal antibodies either alone or in combination or rat IgG as a control. The treatment with VEGFR-1- or -2-blocking antibody significantly decreased intragraft mRNA expression of natural killer cell activation markers early after transplantation. This was followed by reduced infiltration of CD11b+ cells and CD4+ T cells as well as down-regulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory chemokines and profibrotic growth factors. However, blocking of both VEGFR-1 and -2 was necessary to reduce luminal occlusion. Furthermore, concomitant inhibition of the calcineurin activation pathway almost totally abolished the development of OAD. This study proposes that blocking of VEGF receptors blunted natural killer cell and innate immune responses early after transplantation and attenuated the development of OAD. The results of this study suggest that further studies on the role of VEGFR-1 and -2 blocking in development of obliterative airway lesions might be rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Krebs
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jussi M Tikkanen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hollmén
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kishor Dhaygude
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl B Lemström
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Uemura A, Fruttiger M, D'Amore PA, De Falco S, Joussen AM, Sennlaub F, Brunck LR, Johnson KT, Lambrou GN, Rittenhouse KD, Langmann T. VEGFR1 signaling in retinal angiogenesis and microinflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100954. [PMID: 33640465 PMCID: PMC8385046 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Five vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) ligands (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and placental growth factor [PlGF]) constitute the VEGF family. VEGF-A binds VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1/2), whereas VEGF-B and PlGF only bind VEGFR1. Although much research has been conducted on VEGFR2 to elucidate its key role in retinal diseases, recent efforts have shown the importance and involvement of VEGFR1 and its family of ligands in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and microinflammatory cascades within the retina. Expression of VEGFR1 depends on the microenvironment, is differentially regulated under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions, and it has been detected in retinal and choroidal endothelial cells, pericytes, retinal and choroidal mononuclear phagocytes (including microglia), Müller cells, photoreceptor cells, and the retinal pigment epithelium. Whilst the VEGF-A decoy function of VEGFR1 is well established, consequences of its direct signaling are less clear. VEGFR1 activation can affect vascular permeability and induce macrophage and microglia production of proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators. However the ability of the VEGFR1 ligands (VEGF-A, PlGF, and VEGF-B) to compete against each other for receptor binding and to heterodimerize complicates our understanding of the relative contribution of VEGFR1 signaling alone toward the pathologic processes seen in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusions, retinopathy of prematurity, and age-related macular degeneration. Clinically, anti-VEGF drugs have proven transformational in these pathologies and their impact on modulation of VEGFR1 signaling is still an opportunity-rich field for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; ANBITION S.r.l., Via Manzoni 1, 80123, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, and Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lynne R Brunck
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kristian T Johnson
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - George N Lambrou
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kay D Rittenhouse
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Chen W, Shen L, Jiang J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Pan J, Ni C, Chen Z. Antiangiogenic therapy reverses the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 34294146 PMCID: PMC8296533 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis induces local hypoxia and recruits immunosuppressive cells, whereas hypoxia subsequently promotes tumor angiogenesis. Immunotherapy efficacy depends on the accumulation and activity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Antangiogenic therapy could improve local perfusion, relieve tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia, and reverse the immunosuppressive state. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy might represent a promising option for the treatment of breast cancer. This article discusses the immunosuppressive characteristics of the breast cancer TME and outlines the interaction between the tumor vasculature and the immune system. Combining antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy could interrupt abnormal tumor vasculature-immunosuppression crosstalk, increase effector immune cell infiltration, improve immunotherapy effectiveness, and reduce the risk of immune-related adverse events. In addition, we summarize the preclinical research and ongoing clinical research related to the combination of antiangiogenic therapy with immunotherapy, discuss the underlying mechanisms, and provide a view for future developments. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast cancer to promote tumor vasculature normalization and increase the efficiency of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Lee WS, Yang H, Chon HJ, Kim C. Combination of anti-angiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint blockade normalizes vascular-immune crosstalk to potentiate cancer immunity. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1475-1485. [PMID: 32913278 PMCID: PMC8080646 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a formidable barrier that severely impairs the efficacy of ICIs. While the crosstalk between tumor vessels and immune cells determines the nature of anti-tumor immunity, it is skewed toward a destructive cycle in growing tumors. First, the disorganized tumor vessels hinder CD8+ T cell trafficking into the TME, disable effector functions, and even kill T cells. Moreover, VEGF, the key driver of angiogenesis, interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells, thereby suppressing T cell priming, and VEGF also induces TOX-mediated exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the malformation of tumor vessels. Protumoral M2-like macrophages as well as TH2 and Treg cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors that accelerate uncontrolled angiogenesis and promote vascular immaturity. While CD8+ T and CD4+ TH1 cells suppress angiogenesis and induce vascular maturation by secreting IFN-γ, they are unable to infiltrate the TME due to malformed tumor vessels. These findings led to preclinical studies that demonstrated that simultaneous targeting of tumor vessels and immunity is a viable strategy to normalize aberrant vascular-immune crosstalk and potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, this combination strategy has been evidently demonstrated through recent pivotal clinical trials, granted approval from FDA, and is now being used in patients with kidney, liver, lung, or uterine cancer. Overall, combining anti-angiogenic therapy and ICI is a valid therapeutic strategy that can enhance cancer immunity and will further expand the landscape of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Silva AT, Rouf F, Semola OA, Payton ME, Lovern PC. Placental growth factor levels in quadriceps muscle are reduced by a Western diet in association with advanced glycation end products. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H851-H866. [PMID: 31397166 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00511.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), atherosclerotic occlusion chronically impairs limb blood flow. Arteriogenesis (collateral artery remodeling) is a vital adaptive response to PAD that protects tissue from ischemia. People with type II diabetes have a high risk of developing PAD and would benefit from arteriogenesis. However, arteriogenesis is suppressed in people with diabetes by a multifaceted mechanism which remains incompletely defined. Upregulation of placental growth factor (PLGF) is a key early step in arteriogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that metabolic dysfunction would impair PLGF expression in skeletal muscle. We tested this hypothesis in C57BL/6J and ApoE-/- mice of both sexes fed a Western diet (WD) for 24 wk. We first assessed baseline levels of PLGF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), and VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) protein in hindlimb skeletal muscle. Only PLGF was consistently decreased by the WD. We next investigated the effect of 24 wk of the WD on the response of PLGF, VEGF-A, VEGFR1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) to the physiological stimulus of vascular occlusion. Hindlimb ischemia was induced in mice by gradual femoral artery occlusion using an ameroid constrictor. Growth factor levels were measured 3-28 days postsurgery. In C57BL/6J mice, the WD decreased and delayed upregulation of PLGF and abolished upregulation of VEGF-A and VEGFR1 but had no effect on MCP-1. In ApoE-/- mice fed either diet, all factors tested failed to respond to occlusion. Metabolic phenotyping of mice and in vitro studies suggest that an advanced glycation end product/TNFα-mediated mechanism could contribute to the effects observed in vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we tested the effect of a Western diet on expression of the arteriogenic growth factor placental growth factor (PLGF) in mouse skeletal muscle. We provide the first demonstration that a Western diet interferes with both baseline expression and hindlimb ischemia-induced upregulation of PLGF. We further identify a potential role for advanced glycation end product/TNFα signaling as a negative regulator of PLGF. These studies provide insight into one possible mechanism by which type II diabetes may limit collateral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asitha T Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Farzana Rouf
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Oluwayemisi A Semola
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Mark E Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Pamela C Lovern
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Veith AP, Henderson K, Spencer A, Sligar AD, Baker AB. Therapeutic strategies for enhancing angiogenesis in wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:97-125. [PMID: 30267742 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of wound healing has been a goal of medical practitioners for thousands of years. The development of chronic, non-healing wounds is a persistent medical problem that drives patient morbidity and increases healthcare costs. A key aspect of many non-healing wounds is the reduced presence of vessel growth through the process of angiogenesis. This review surveys the creation of new treatments for healing cutaneous wounds through therapeutic angiogenesis. In particular, we discuss the challenges and advancement that have been made in delivering biologic, pharmaceutical and cell-based therapies as enhancers of wound vascularity and healing.
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the major intraocular malignancy in adults, of which the molecular biology is still unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the aqueous concentrations of angiogenic, inflammatory, and chemotactic cytokines in eyes with UM.Aqueous humor samples were collected from 38 patients with UM and 22 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Interleukin 6, 8 (IL-6, IL-8, respectively), interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), placental growth factor1 (PIGF1), regulated on activation, normal T Cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelia growth factor A (VEGF-A) were assessed by multiplex bead assay.In the study group, significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 (P = .006), IL-8 (P = .018), IP-10 (P = .004), RANTES (P = .008), MCP-1 (P = .02), NGF-β (P = .013), EGF (P < .001), PIGF1 (P = .01), bFGF (P = .016), and VEGF (P = .017) were measured, when compared with the control group.Several angiogenic, inflammatory, and chemotactic cytokines are highly expressed in the aqueous humor of the UM eyes, which provides new insights into the pathophysiology of UM and could be potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jianhong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center
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Potential effect on molecular pathways in different targeted genes in the VEGF family in retina - From the genomic point of view. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:78-87. [PMID: 29944851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study's goal is to determine similarities and differences in the molecular pathways or potential functions of the various targeted regions or genes of the Vegf family-VegfA, VegfB, VegfC, and Pgf-using the BXD genetic reference panel. Data from whole genome expression profiles of retinas from the well-characterized mouse recombinant inbred (RI) strain population derived from C57BL/6J X DBA/2J (BXD) were analyzed. Multiple analytical tools and statistical strategies were used to investigate the expression level. The expression Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) of these probes were mapped and compared. Our data showed that VegfA2 has the highest expression levels among all probes of Vegf genes. The expression levels of Vegf family genes are not significantly correlated. In the overall comparison, expression levels of VegfA1 and VegfA2 are positively correlated (R = 0.540). The expression levels of VegfB and VegfC are weakly correlated (R = 0.360). VegfC is also weakly correlated with the expression levels of Pgf (R = 0.324). The interaction of VegfB- and VegfA2-associated 50a2 genes was very weak (R50 ab = 0.3129). The interaction of top VegfB-associated 50b genes with VegfA2 has a reciprocal negative impact (R50ba = -0.42758). The VegfC-associated top 50c genes are strongly correlated with VegfB (R50 cb = 0.8159), while they are negatively correlated with VegfA2 (R50ca = -0.1450). Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis suggested that the regulatory mechanisms for the expression levels of these genes in the Vegf family are different from each other. The expression level of VegfA associates with a group of genes that are not associated with other genes in the Vegf family.
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Induction of hemangiosarcoma in mice after chronic treatment with S1P-modulator siponimod and its lack of relevance to rat and human. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1877-1891. [PMID: 29556671 PMCID: PMC5962627 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A high incidence of hemangiosarcoma (HSA) was observed in mice treated for 2 years with siponimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) functional antagonist, while no such tumors were observed in rats under the same treatment conditions. In 3-month rat (90 mg/kg/day) and 9-month mouse (25 and 75 mg/kg/day) in vivo mechanistic studies, vascular endothelial cell (VEC) activation was observed in both species, but VEC proliferation and persistent increases in circulating placental growth factor 2 (PLGF2) were only seen in the mouse. In mice, these effects were sustained over the 9-month study duration, while in rats increased mitotic gene expression was present at day 3 only and PLGF2 was induced only during the first week of treatment. In the mouse, the persistent VEC activation, mitosis induction, and PLGF2 stimulation likely led to sustained neo-angiogenesis which over life-long treatment may result in HSA formation. In rats, despite sustained VEC activation, the transient mitotic and PLGF2 stimuli did not result in the formation of HSA. In vitro, the mouse and rat primary endothelial cell cultures mirrored their respective in vivo findings for cell proliferation and PLGF2 release. Human VECs, like rat cells, were unresponsive to siponimod treatment with no proliferative response and no release of PLGF2 at all tested concentrations. Hence, it is suggested that the human cells also reproduce a lack of in vivo response to siponimod. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms leading to siponimod-induced HSA in mice are considered species specific and likely irrelevant to humans.
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EFFICACY OF INTRAVITREAL AFLIBERCEPT IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 1 IS LINKED TO THE OCULAR ANGIOGENIC PROFILE. Retina 2018; 37:2226-2237. [PMID: 28002269 PMCID: PMC5732636 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate intravitreal aflibercept in macular telangiectasia Type 1 (MacTel 1) patients and measure their ocular angiogenic profile. METHODS Eight subjects with MacTel 1 refractory to bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or laser therapy and switched to aflibercept were included. Best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness, and cystic areas quantified on optical coherence tomography B-scans were assessed during 12 months. Perifoveal capillary densities were measured on optical coherence tomography angiography. Aqueous humor was sampled from six patients and eight control subjects undergoing cataract extraction. Growth factors were quantified using a multiarray immunoassay. RESULTS Over 12 months, patients received 6.6 ± 1.4 (range, 5-8) intravitreal aflibercept injections. Twelve months after switching to aflibercept, best-corrected visual acuity increased by ≥5 letters in 5 of 8 patients, compared with preaflibercept levels. Mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 79.6 (∼20/50) to 88.0 (∼20/35) Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (P = 0.042), and central macular thickness decreased from 434 ± 98 μm to 293 ± 59 μm (P = 0.014). Compared with control subjects, the profile of angiogenic factors in MacTel 1 eyes revealed no difference in vascular endothelial growth factor-A levels but significantly higher levels of placental growth factor (P = 0.029), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFlt-1; P = 0.013), vascular endothelial growth factor-D (P = 0.050), and Tie-2 (P = 0.019). Placental growth factor levels inversely correlated with both superficial and deep capillary plexus densities on optical coherence tomography angiography (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The clinical response to aflibercept coupled to the angiogenic profile of MacTel 1 eyes support the implication of the placental growth factor/Flt-1 pathway in MacTel 1.
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Failla CM, De Luca N, Zaccaria ML, De Domenico E, Avitabile S, Tatangelo L, Rossiter H, Tschachler E, Odorisio T. Mice over-expressing placenta growth factor in the skin exhibit increased vascularization and vessel permeability independently of VEGF-A. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 90:93-96. [PMID: 29366525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi De Luca
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Activated Transcription Factor 3 in Association with Histone Deacetylase 6 Negatively Regulates MicroRNA 199a2 Transcription by Chromatin Remodeling and Reduces Endothelin-1 Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2838-2854. [PMID: 27573019 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00345-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that high levels of placenta growth factor (PlGF) correlated with increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, in sickle cell disease (SCD). PlGF-mediated transcription of the ET-1 gene occurs by activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and posttranscriptionally by microRNA 199a2 (miR-199a2), which targets the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HIF-1α mRNA. However, relatively less is known about how PlGF represses the expression of miR-199a2 located in the DNM3 opposite strand (DNM3os) transcription unit. Here, we show that PlGF induces the expression of activated transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which, in association with accessory proteins (c-Jun dimerization protein 2 [JDP2], ATF2, and histone deacetylase 6 [HDAC6]), as determined by proteomic analysis, binds to the DNM3os promoter. Furthermore, we show that association of HDAC6 with ATF3 at its binding site in this promoter was correlated with repression of miR-199a2 transcription, as shown by DNM3os transcription reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Tubacin, an inhibitor of HDAC6, antagonized PlGF-mediated repression of DNM3os/pre-miR-199a2 transcription with a concomitant reduction in ET-1 levels in cultured endothelial cells. Analysis of lung tissues from Berkeley sickle (BK-SS) mice showed increased levels of ATF3 and increased expression of ET-1. Delivery of tubacin to BK-SS mice significantly attenuated plasma ET-1 and PlGF levels. Our studies demonstrated that ATF3 in conjunction with HDAC6 acts as a transcriptional repressor of the DNM3os/miR-199a2 locus.
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Expression and Function of Placenta Growth Factor: Implications for Abnormal Placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Byon CH, Heath JM, Chen Y. Redox signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology: A focus on hydrogen peroxide and vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2016; 9:244-253. [PMID: 27591403 PMCID: PMC5011184 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a critical impact on the development and progression of vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, oxidative stress also regulates physiological signaling processes. As a cell permeable ROS generated by cellular metabolism involved in intracellular signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts tremendous impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Under pathological conditions, increased oxidase activities and/or impaired antioxidant systems results in uncontrolled production of ROS. In a pro-oxidant environment, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic changes which can lead to the development of vascular dysfunction such as vascular inflammation and calcification. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders induced by oxidative stress. This review mainly focuses on the role of H2O2 in regulating physiological and pathological signals in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Heath
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Vilsmaier T, Rack B, Janni W, Jeschke U, Weissenbacher T. Angiogenic cytokines and their influence on circulating tumour cells in sera of patients with the primary diagnosis of breast cancer before treatment. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:547. [PMID: 27464822 PMCID: PMC4964055 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been found to be a prognostic marker for reduced disease free survival, breast cancer–specific survival, and overall survival before the start of systemic treatment. Methods A total of 200 patients’ sera were included in this study, 100 patients being CTC positive and 100 patients being CTC negative. Matching criteria were histo-pathological grading, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status, TNM classification and survived breast cancer patients vs. deceased tumor associated patients. A multi cytokine/chemokine array was used to screen the sera for the angiogenic markers. Results Statistical significant correlation was exposed for sFlt1 values in regard to the CTC-Status. CTC negative patients displayed increased sFlt1 expression opposed to CTC positive breast cancer patients. Furthermore, significant enhanced PIGF values were also disclosed in CTC negative patients compared to patients being CTC positive. Analyzing the living patient collective we found significant differences in sFlt1 and PlGF values in regard to CTC negative and CTC positive patients. Conclusion Both vascular markers showed enhanced expression in the CTC negative patient collective. To continue, the collective graded G2 showed significantly enhanced sFlt1 expressions amongst patients with no CTCs. Moreover, the patient collective with no lymph node metastasis and CTC negativity indicated statistically significant increased sFlt1 values. A functional interaction of sFlt1 and PlGF was found, suggesting that their overexpression in tumour cells inhibits CTCs entering the peripheral blood. Furthermore, in regard to CTC negativity, sFlt1 and PlGF values may potentially serve as predictive markers. Trial registration The TRN of this study is NCT02181101 and the date of registration was the 4th of June 2014. The study was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Vilsmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Weissenbacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
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Makris A, Yeung KR, Lim SM, Sunderland N, Heffernan S, Thompson JF, Iliopoulos J, Killingsworth MC, Yong J, Xu B, Ogle RF, Thadhani R, Karumanchi SA, Hennessy A. Placental Growth Factor Reduces Blood Pressure in a Uteroplacental Ischemia Model of Preeclampsia in Nonhuman Primates. Hypertension 2016; 67:1263-72. [PMID: 27091894 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in the angiogenesis axis during pregnancy manifests as clinical preeclampsia because of endothelial dysfunction. Circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) increases and placental growth factor (PlGF) reduces before and during disease. We investigated the clinical and biochemical effects of replenishing the reduced circulating PlGF with recombinant human PlGF (rhPlGF) and thus restoring the angiogenic balance. Hypertensive proteinuria was induced in a nonhuman primate (Papio hamadryas) by uterine artery ligation at 136 days gestation (of a 182-day pregnancy). Two weeks after uteroplacental ischemia, rhPlGF (rhPlGF, n=3) or normal saline (control, n=4) was administered by subcutaneous injection (100 μg/kg per day) for 5 days. Blood pressure was monitored by intra-arterial radiotelemetry and sFLT-1 and PlGF by ELISA. Uteroplacental ischemia resulted in experimental preeclampsia evidenced by increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and endotheliosis on renal biopsy and elevated sFLT-1. PlGF significantly reduced after uteroplacental ischemia. rhPlGF reduced systolic blood pressure in the treated group (-5.2±0.8 mm Hg; from 132.6±6.6 mm Hg to 124.1±7.6 mm Hg) compared with an increase in systolic blood pressure in controls (6.5±3 mm Hg; from 131.3±1.5 mm Hg to 138.6±1.5 mm Hg). Proteinuria reduced in the treated group (-72.7±55.7 mg/mmol) but increased in the control group. Circulating levels of total sFLT-1 were not affected by the administration of PlGF; however, a reduction in placental sFLT-1 mRNA expression was demonstrated. There was no significant difference between the weights or lengths of the neonates in the rhPlGF or control group; however, this study was not designed to assess fetal safety or outcomes. Increasing circulating PlGF by the administration of rhPlGF improves clinical parameters in a primate animal model of experimental preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Makris
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.).
| | - Kristen R Yeung
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Shirlene M Lim
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Neroli Sunderland
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Scott Heffernan
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - John F Thompson
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Jim Iliopoulos
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Murray C Killingsworth
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Jim Yong
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Bei Xu
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Robert F Ogle
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Ravi Thadhani
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - S Ananth Karumanchi
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
| | - Annemarie Hennessy
- From the Medicine Faculty, Western Sydney University and Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., J.I., M.C.K., B.X., A.H.); Medicine Faculty, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., M.C.K., J.Y.); Nephrology Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (A.M., J.I.); Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia (A.M., K.R.Y., S.M.L., B.X., A.H.); Nephrology Department (N.S., S.H.), Melanoma Unit (J.F.T.), and Obstetrics Department (R.F.O.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.F.T.); Anatomical Pathology Department (M.C.K., J.Y.) and Vascular Surgery Department (J.I.), Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.T.); and Centre for Vascular Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA (S.A.K.)
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Lan X, Sun W, Zhang P, He L, Dong W, Wang Z, Liu S, Zhang H. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA NONHSAT037832 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6117-23. [PMID: 26611646 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA that is longer than 200 nucleotides with limited or no protein-coding potential. Studies have proved that lncRNAs play important regulatory roles in gene expression and contribute to oncogenesis and cancer metastasis. However, the expression level of lncRNAs and their clinicopathologic significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the expression level of a novel lncRNA NONHSAT037832 in PTC and paired noncancerous thyroid tissues as well as some cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The association between the expression level of NONHSAT037832 and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with PTC was further analyzed. Three receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) were established to evaluate the diagnostic value of NONHSAT037832. The results suggested that the expression level of NONHSAT037832 was significantly decreased in PTC compared with paired noncancerous tissues (P < 0.01). And, NONHSAT037832 was also significantly downregulated in two PTC cell lines (K1 and IHH-4) compared to normal thyroid follicular epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 (P < 0.01). Downregulated NONHSAT037832 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015) and tumor size (P = 0.032). The ROCs revealed that NONHSAT037832 had a high diagnostic value for differentiating between PTC and noncancerous diseases as well as identifying PTC with lymph node metastasis and larger tumors (≥3 cm). The area under curve was up to 0.897 (95%CI = 0.852-0.942, P = 0.000), 0.641 (95%CI = 0.519-0.762, P = 0.033), and 0.702 (95%CI = 0.567-0.827, P = 0.008), respectively. This study indicated that NONHSAT037832 might serve as a potential biomarker of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabin Lan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Avitabile S, Odorisio T, Madonna S, Eyerich S, Guerra L, Eyerich K, Zambruno G, Cavani A, Cianfarani F. Interleukin-22 Promotes Wound Repair in Diabetes by Improving Keratinocyte Pro-Healing Functions. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2862-2870. [PMID: 26168231 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Impaired re-epithelialization, imbalanced expression of cytokines and growth factors, and vascular disease contribute to healing impairment in diabetes. IL-22, a pro-inflammatory cytokine mediating a cross-talk between immune system and epithelial cells, has been shown to have a role in repair processes. In this study we aimed to investigate IL-22 regenerative potential in the poor healing context of diabetic wounds. By using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, we demonstrated that IL-22 wound treatment significantly accelerated the healing process, by promoting re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization. Improved re-epithelialization was associated with increased keratinocyte proliferation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. We showed that endogenous IL-22 content was reduced at both mRNA and protein level during the inflammatory phase of diabetic wounds, with fewer IL-22-positive cells infiltrating the granulation tissue. We demonstrated that IL-22 treatment promoted proliferation and injury repair of hyperglycemic keratinocytes and induced activation of STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase transduction pathways in keratinocytes grown in hyperglycemic condition or isolated from diabetic patients. Finally, we demonstrated that IL-22 treatment was able to inhibit diabetic keratinocyte differentiation while promoting vascular endothelial growth factor release. Our data indicate a pro-healing role of IL-22 in diabetic wounds, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this cytokine in diabetic ulcer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Avitabile
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Odorisio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cianfarani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Chen S, Zhou M, Wang W, Wu H, Yu X, Huang W, Gao X, Wang J, Li X, Du S, Ding X, Zhang X. Levels of angiogenesis-related vascular endothelial growth factor family in neovascular glaucoma eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e556-60. [PMID: 25783445 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the angiogenesis-related factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family in the aqueous humour of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). METHODS This study involved 22 eyes of 22 patients with advanced NVG requiring antiglaucomatous surgery and 20 control subjects with cataracts. The NVG eyes received an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) treatment before antiglaucomatous surgery. Aqueous humour and blood were collected at the time of IVR and cataract surgery. Protein concentration of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placenta growth factor (PlGF) in aqueous humour and plasma was determined by ELISA tests. RESULTS The mean concentration (standard deviation) of VEGF-A and PlGF in the aqueous humour of patients with NVG were 3037 (2387) pg/ml and 1078 (712) pg/ml, respectively; both were significantly higher than the control group (both p < 0.001). However, levels of VEGF-A and PlGF in the serum of NVG and control subjects remained low. High concentrations of VEGF-A were closely correlated with high levels of PlGF in patients with NVG (r = 0.593, p = 0.004). Concentrations of VEGF-B in aqueous humour and serum remained unchanged (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION There were high concentrations of angiogenesis factors of the VEGF family, with the exception of VEGF-B, in the aqueous humour of patients with NVG, and there was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and PlGF. High PlGF levels in patients with NVG may provide another potential target for treatment of NVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiling Yu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shaolin Du
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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Rashdan NA, Lloyd PG. Fluid shear stress upregulates placental growth factor in the vessel wall via NADPH oxidase 4. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1655-66. [PMID: 26408539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00408.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PLGF), a potent stimulator of arteriogenesis, is upregulated during outward arterial remodeling. Increased fluid shear stress (FSS) is a key physiological stimulus for arteriogenesis. However, the role of FSS in regulating PLGF expression is unknown. To test the hypothesis that FSS regulates PLGF expression in vascular cells and to identify the signaling pathways involved, human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were cultured on either side of porous Transwell inserts. HCAEC were then exposed to pulsatile FSS of 0.07 Pa ("normal," mimicking flow through quiescent collaterals), 1.24 Pa ("high," mimicking increased flow in remodeling collaterals), or 0.00 Pa ("static") for 2 h. High FSS increased secreted PLGF protein ∼1.4-fold compared with static control (n = 5, P < 0.01), while normal FSS had no significant effect on PLGF. Similarly, high flow stimulated PLGF mRNA expression nearly twofold in isolated mouse mesenteric arterioles. PLGF knockdown using siRNA revealed that HCAEC were the primary source of PLGF in cocultures (n = 5, P < 0.01). Both H2O2 and nitric oxide production were increased by FSS compared with static control (n = 5, P < 0.05). N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (100 μM) had no significant effect on the FSS-induced increase in PLGF. In contrast, both catalase (500 U/ml) and diphenyleneiodonium (5 μM) attenuated the effects of FSS on PLGF protein in cocultures. Diphenyleneiodonium also blocked the effect of high flow to upregulate PLGF mRNA in isolated arterioles. Further studies identified NADPH oxidase 4 as a source of reactive oxygen species for this pathway. We conclude that FSS regulates PLGF expression via NADPH oxidase 4 and reactive oxygen species signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Rashdan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Pamela G Lloyd
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
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Sanchis EG, Cristofolini AL, Merkis CI. Porcine placental immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placenta growth factor, Flt-1 and Flk-1. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:486-94. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1019927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Angiogenesis is induced and wound size is reduced by electrical stimulation in an acute wound healing model in human skin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124502. [PMID: 25928356 PMCID: PMC4415761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for wound healing. Insufficient angiogenesis can result in impaired wound healing and chronic wound formation. Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to enhance angiogenesis. We previously showed that ES enhanced angiogenesis in acute wounds at one time point (day 14). The aim of this study was to further evaluate the role of ES in affecting angiogenesis during the acute phase of cutaneous wound healing over multiple time points. We compared the angiogenic response to wounding in 40 healthy volunteers (divided into two groups and randomised), treated with ES (post-ES) and compared them to secondary intention wound healing (control). Biopsy time points monitored were days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14. Objective non-invasive measures and H&E analysis were performed in addition to immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB). Wound volume was significantly reduced on D7, 10 and 14 post-ES (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p<0.001 respectively), surface area was reduced on days 10 (p = 0.001) and 14 (p<0.001) and wound diameter reduced on days 10 (p = 0.009) and 14 (p = 0.002). Blood flow increased significantly post-ES on D10 (p = 0.002) and 14 (p = 0.001). Angiogenic markers were up-regulated following ES application; protein analysis by IHC showed an increase (p<0.05) in VEGF-A expression by ES treatment on days 7, 10 and 14 (39%, 27% and 35% respectively) and PLGF expression on days 3 and 7 (40% on both days), compared to normal healing. Similarly, WB demonstrated an increase (p<0.05) in PLGF on days 7 and 14 (51% and 35% respectively). WB studies showed a significant increase of 30% (p>0.05) on day 14 in VEGF-A expression post-ES compared to controls. Furthermore, organisation of granulation tissue was improved on day 14 post-ES. This randomised controlled trial has shown that ES enhanced wound healing by reduced wound dimensions and increased VEGF-A and PLGF expression in acute cutaneous wounds, which further substantiates the role of ES in up-regulating angiogenesis as observed over multiple time points. This therapeutic approach may have potential application for clinical management of delayed and chronic wounds.
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Zang G, Gustafsson K, Jamalpour M, Hong J, Genové G, Welsh M. Vascular dysfunction and increased metastasis of B16F10 melanomas in Shb deficient mice as compared with their wild type counterparts. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:234. [PMID: 25885274 PMCID: PMC4392795 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shb is a signaling protein downstream of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and Shb deficiency has been found to restrict tumor angiogenesis. The present study was performed in order to assess metastasis in Shb deficiency using B16F10 melanoma cells. Methods B16F10 melanoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously on wild type or Shb +/− mice. Primary tumors were resected and lung metastasis determined after tumor relapse. Lung metastasis was also assessed after bone marrow transplantation of wild type bone marrow to Shb +/− recipients and Shb +/− bone marrow to wild type recipients. Primary tumors were subject to immunofluorescence staining for CD31, VE-cadherin, desmin and CD8, RNA isolation and isolation of vascular fragments for further RNA isolation. RNA was used for real-time RT-PCR and microarray analysis. Results Numbers of lung metastases were increased in Shb +/− or −/− mice and this coincided with reduced pericyte coverage and increased vascular permeability. Gene expression profiling of vascular fragments isolated from primary tumors and total tumor RNA revealed decreased expression of different markers for cytotoxic T cells in tumors grown on Shb +/− mice, suggesting that vascular aberrations caused altered immune responses. Conclusions It is concluded that a unique combinatorial response of increased vascular permeability and reduced recruitment of cytotoxic CD8+ cells occurs as a consequence of Shb deficiency in B16F10 melanomas. These changes may promote tumor cell intravasation and metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1269-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Zang
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Present address: Department of Medical Bioscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - JongWook Hong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Guillem Genové
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Xiang L, Varshney R, Rashdan NA, Shaw JH, Lloyd PG. Placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor a have differential, cell-type specific patterns of expression in vascular cells. Microcirculation 2015; 21:368-79. [PMID: 24410720 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PLGF, a VEGF-A related protein, mediates collateral enlargement via monocytes but plays little role in capillary proliferation. In contrast, VEGF-A mediates both collateral enlargement and capillary proliferation. PLGF has been less thoroughly studied than VEGF-A, and questions remain regarding its regulation and function. Therefore, our goal was to characterize the expression of PLGF by vascular cells. We hypothesized that vascular SMC would express more PLGF than EC, since VEGF-A is primarily expressed by non-EC. METHODS We compared PLGF and VEGF-A across eight EC and SMC lines, then knocked down PLGF and evaluated cell function. We also assessed the effect of hypoxia on PLGF expression and promoter activity. RESULTS PLGF was most highly expressed in EC, whereas VEGF-A was most highly expressed in SMC. PLGF knockdown did not affect EC number, migration, or tube formation, but reduced monocyte migration toward EC. Monocyte migration was rescued by exogenous PLGF. Hypoxia increased PLGF protein without activating PLGF gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS PLGF and VEGF-A have distinct patterns of expression in vascular cells. EC derived PLGF may function primarily in communication between EC and circulating cells. Hypoxia increases EC PLGF expression posttranscriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjin Xiang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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Gene expression alterations in chronic hypoxic MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Genomics 2014; 104:477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Glucose, insulin, and oxygen interplay in placental hypervascularisation in diabetes mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:145846. [PMID: 25258707 PMCID: PMC4167234 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The placental vasculature rapidly expands during the course of pregnancy in order to sustain the growing needs of the fetus. Angiogenesis and vascular growth are stimulated and regulated by a variety of growth factors expressed in the placenta or present in the fetal circulation. Like in tumors, hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis because of its ability to stimulate expression of various proangiogenic factors. Chronic fetal hypoxia is often found in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes as a result of fetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia. Both are associated with altered levels of hormones, growth factors, and proinflammatory cytokines, which may act in a proangiogenic manner and, hence, affect placental angiogenesis and vascular development. Indeed, the placenta in diabetes is characterized by hypervascularisation, demonstrating high placental plasticity in response to diabetic metabolic derangements. This review describes the major regulators of placental angiogenesis and how the diabetic environment in utero alters their expression. In the light of hypervascularized diabetic placenta, the focus was placed on proangiogenic factors.
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Hudson N, Powner MB, Sarker MH, Burgoyne T, Campbell M, Ockrim ZK, Martinelli R, Futter CE, Grant MB, Fraser PA, Shima DT, Greenwood J, Turowski P. Differential apicobasal VEGF signaling at vascular blood-neural barriers. Dev Cell 2014; 30:541-52. [PMID: 25175707 PMCID: PMC4160345 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium operates in a highly polarized environment, but to date there has been little exploration of apicobasal polarization of its signaling. We show that VEGF-A, histamine, IGFBP3, and LPA trigger unequal endothelial responses when acting from the circulation or the parenchymal side at blood-neural barriers. For VEGF-A, highly polarized receptor distribution contributed to distinct signaling patterns: VEGFR2, which was found to be predominantly abluminal, mediated increased permeability via p38; in contrast, luminal VEGFR1 led to Akt activation and facilitated cytoprotection. Importantly, such differential apicobasal signaling and VEGFR distribution were found in the microvasculature of brain and retina but not lung, indicating that endothelial cells at blood-neural barriers possess specialized signaling compartments that assign different functions depending on whether an agonist is tissue or blood borne. At blood-neural barriers, only abluminal (tissue-side) VEGF-A induces permeability Most VEGFR1 is localized on the luminal face of neural microvascular endothelium Most VEGFR2 is localized on the abluminal face of neural microvascular endothelium Luminal VEGFR1 stimulates Akt; abluminal VEGFR2 induces permeability via p38
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hudson
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Michael B Powner
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mosharraf H Sarker
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoyne
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Neurovascular Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Lincoln Place Gate, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zoe K Ockrim
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Roberta Martinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Clare E Futter
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Maria B Grant
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Paul A Fraser
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - David T Shima
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Patric Turowski
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Gacche RN, Meshram RJ. Angiogenic factors as potential drug target: Efficacy and limitations of anti-angiogenic therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:161-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhou AY, Bai YJ, Zhao M, Yu WZ, Huang LZ, Li XX. Placental growth factor expression is reversed by antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy under hypoxic conditions. World J Pediatr 2014; 10:262-70. [PMID: 25124978 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials have revealed that the antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are effective in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). But the low level of VEGF was necessary as a survival signal in healthy conditions, and endogenous placental growth factor (PIGF) is redundant for development. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the PIGF expression under hypoxia as well as the influence of anti-VEGF therapy on PIGF. METHODS CoCl2-induced hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for an in vitro study, and oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice models were used for an in vivo study. The expression patterns of PIGF under hypoxic conditions and the influence of anti-VEGF therapy on PIGF were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). The retinal avascular areas and neovascularization (NV) areas of anti-VEGF, anti-PIGF and combination treatments were calculated. Retina PIGF concentration was evaluated by ELISA after treatment. The vasoactive effects of exogenous PIGF on HUVECs were investigated by proliferation and migration studies. RESULTS PIGF mRNA expression was reduced by hypoxia in OIR mice, in HUVECs under hypoxia and anti-VEGF treatment. However, PIGF expression was reversed by anti-VEGF therapy in the OIR model and in HUVECs under hypoxia. Exogenous PIGF significantly inhibited HUVECs proliferation and migration under normal conditions, but it stimulated cell proliferation and migration under hypoxia. Anti-PIGF treatment was effective for neovascular tufts in OIR mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The finding that PIGF expression is iatrogenically up-regulated by anti-VEGF therapy provides a consideration to combine it with anti-PIGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Bry M, Kivelä R, Leppänen VM, Alitalo K. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-B in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:779-94. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), discovered over 15 years ago, has long been seen as one of the more ambiguous members of the VEGF family. VEGF-B is produced as two isoforms: one that binds strongly to heparan sulfate in the pericellular matrix and a soluble form that can acquire binding via proteolytic processing. Both forms of VEGF-B bind to VEGF-receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) coreceptor, which are expressed mainly in blood vascular endothelial cells. VEGF-B-deficient mice and rats are viable without any overt phenotype, and the ability of VEGF-B to induce angiogenesis in most tissues is weak. This has been a puzzle, as the related placenta growth factor (PlGF) binds to the same receptors and induces angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in a variety of tissues. However, it seems that VEGF-B is a vascular growth factor that is more tissue specific and can have trophic and metabolic effects, and its binding to VEGFR-1 shows subtle but important differences compared with that of PlGF. VEGF-B has the potential to induce coronary vessel growth and cardiac hypertrophy, which can protect the heart from ischemic damage as well as heart failure. In addition, VEGF-B is abundantly expressed in tissues with highly active energy metabolism, where it could support significant metabolic functions. VEGF-B also has a role in neuroprotection, but unlike other members of the VEGF family, it does not have a clear role in tumor progression. Here we review what is hitherto known about the functions of this growth factor in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Bry
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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A role of placental growth factor in hair growth. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 74:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chiron M, Bagley RG, Pollard J, Mankoo PK, Henry C, Vincent L, Geslin C, Baltes N, Bergstrom DA. Differential antitumor activity of aflibercept and bevacizumab in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1636-44. [PMID: 24688047 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant fusion protein aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept in the United States) binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF). The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab binds VEGF-A. Recent studies hypothesized that dual targeting of VEGF/PlGF is more beneficial than targeting either ligand. We compared activity of aflibercept versus bevacizumab in 48 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) colorectal cancer models. Nude mice engrafted subcutaneously with PDX colorectal cancer tumors received biweekly aflibercept, bevacizumab, or vehicle injections. Differential activity between aflibercept and bevacizumab, determined by mouse (m), human (h), VEGF-A, and PlGF levels in untreated tumors, was measured. Aflibercept induced complete tumor stasis in 31 of 48 models and bevacizumab in 2 of 48. Based on statistical analysis, aflibercept was more active than bevacizumab in 39 of 48 models; in 9 of 39 of these models, bevacizumab was considered inactive. In 9 of 48 remaining models, aflibercept and bevacizumab had similar activity. Tumor levels of hVEGF-A (range 776-56,039 pg/mg total protein) were ∼16- to 1,777-fold greater than mVEGF-A (range 8-159 pg/mg total protein). Tumor levels of mPlGF (range 104-1,837 pg/mg total protein) were higher than hPlGF (range 0-543 pg/mg total protein) in 47 of 48 models. Tumor cells were the major source of VEGF; PlGF was primarily produced by tumor stroma. Because tumor levels of hVEGF-A were far greater than mVEGF-A, bevacizumab's inability to bind mVEGF-A is unlikely to explain higher and more consistent aflibercept activity. Neutralizing PlGF and VEGFR-1 activation may be a factor and should be investigated in future studies. In these colorectal cancer PDX models, aflibercept demonstrated greater antitumor activity than bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Chiron
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca G Bagley
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jack Pollard
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Parminder K Mankoo
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Henry
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Loïc Vincent
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Geslin
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Baltes
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Donald A Bergstrom
- Authors' Affiliations: Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine; Sanofi Oncology, Pharmacology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France; Sanofi Oncology, Clinical Development; Sanofi Oncology, Translational & Experimental Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Oncotest GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
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Linzke N, Schumacher A, Woidacki K, Croy BA, Zenclussen AC. Carbon monoxide promotes proliferation of uterine natural killer cells and remodeling of spiral arteries in pregnant hypertensive heme oxygenase-1 mutant mice. Hypertension 2013; 63:580-8. [PMID: 24366077 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its metabolite carbon monoxide (CO) promote implantation and placentation. Pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are linked to both HO-1 diminution and impaired remodeling of maternal spiral arteries (SAs). Here, we investigated whether CO is able to prevent preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction through the modulation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells that are necessary for initiation of SA remodeling. Hmox1(+/-) or Hmox1(-/-) implantations presented fewer uNK cell numbers and lower expression of uNK-related angiogeneic factors compared with Hmox1(+/+) sites. Quantitative histology revealed that Hmox1(+/-) and Hmox1(-/-) implantations had shallow SA development that was accompanied by intrauterine growth restriction and gestational hypertension. Application of CO at low dose during early to midgestation prevented intrauterine growth restriction in Hmox1(+/-) mothers, this being associated with enhanced in situ proliferation of uNK cells and normalization of angiogenic parameters. Most importantly, CO improved SA remodeling and normalized blood pressure, ensuring a proper fetal growth. Thus, CO emerges as a key molecular player in pregnancy success by modulating uNK cells, which results in promotion of SA remodeling, adequate fetal support/growth, and prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Linzke
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Strasse 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany.
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42
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Ma C, Wang Y, Shen T, Zhang C, Ma J, Zhang L, Liu F, Zhu D. Placenta growth factor mediates angiogenesis in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:159-68. [PMID: 24001991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have proved that hypoxia enhances the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) expression and increases endogenous 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) production to promote pulmonary vascular remodeling and angiogenesis, while the mechanisms of how hypoxia regulates 15-LO expression in endothelium is still unknown. As placenta growth factor (PlGF) promotes pathological angiogenesis by acting on the growth, migration and survival of endothelial cells, there may be some connections between PlGF and 15-LO in hypoxia induced endothelial cells proliferation. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry, pulmonary artery endothelial cells migration and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation to determine the role of PlGF in pulmonary remodeling induced by hypoxia. Our results showed that hypoxia up-regulated PlGF expression, which was mediated by 15-LO/15-HETE pathway. Furthermore, we found that PlGF had a positive feedback regulation with 15-LO expression and 15-HETE generation. The interaction in hypoxia between 15-HETE and PlGF created a PlGF-15-LO-15-HETE loop, leading to endothelial dysfunction. Thus, these findings suggest a new therapeutic agent in combination with the blockade of PlGF as well as 15-LO in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
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43
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Cui XB, Guo X, Chen SY. Response gene to complement 32 deficiency causes impaired placental angiogenesis in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:632-9. [PMID: 23695833 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this study are to determine the role of response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) in the placental angiogenesis during pregnancy and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS RGC-32-deficient (RGC32(-/-)) mice were generated from C57BL/6 embryonic stem cells with deletion of exon 2 and 3 of the RGC-32 gene. Most of the RGC32(-/-) mice can survive. However, their body sizes were much smaller compared with their wild-type littermates when they were born. By examining the embryo development and placentas at 16.5 days post-coitum, we found that RGC32(-/-) embryos and foetal placentas were significantly smaller than the wild-type. Further analysis showed that the labyrinth zone of RGC32(-/-) placenta was smaller with defective angiogenesis. Mechanistically, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were significantly down-regulated in RGC32(-/-) placentas, suggesting that VEGFR2 and PlGF may mediate RGC-32 function in placental angiogenesis. Indeed, knockdown of RGC-32 by shRNA inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation while blocking VEGFR2 expression. RGC-32 appeared to regulate VEGFR2 expression via activation of NF-kB. Moreover, RGC-32 regulated trophoblasts proliferation via control of PlGF expression. CONCLUSION Absence of RGC-32 caused foetal growth restriction through interrupting the placental angiogenesis, which was due to the decrease in VEGFR2 expression through the NF-kB-dependent pathway in endothelial cells and PlGF expression in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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44
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Richter GHS, Fasan A, Hauer K, Grunewald TGP, Berns C, Rössler S, Naumann I, Staege MS, Fulda S, Esposito I, Burdach S. G-Protein coupled receptor 64 promotes invasiveness and metastasis in Ewing sarcomas through PGF and MMP1. J Pathol 2013; 230:70-81. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther HS Richter
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Annette Fasan
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Kristina Hauer
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas GP Grunewald
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Colette Berns
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Sabine Rössler
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
| | - Ivonne Naumann
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics; Goethe-University Frankfurt; 60528 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Martin S. Staege
- Department of Paediatrics; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; 06097 Halle Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics; Goethe-University Frankfurt; 60528 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology; Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Institute of Pathology; Technische Universität München; Ismaningerstr. 22 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Children's Cancer Research Center and Department of Paediatrics, Roman Herzog Comprehensive Cancer Research Center and Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; 81664 Munich Germany
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Wittko-Schneider IM, Schneider FT, Plate KH. Brain homeostasis: VEGF receptor 1 and 2-two unequal brothers in mind. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1705-25. [PMID: 23475067 PMCID: PMC3632714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), initially thought to act specifically on the vascular system, exert trophic effects on neural cells during development and adulthood. Therefore, the VEGF system serves as a promising therapeutic target for brain pathologies, but its simultaneous action on vascular cells paves the way for harmful side effects. To circumvent these deleterious effects, many studies have aimed to clarify whether VEGFs directly affect neural cells or if the effects are mediated secondarily via other cell types, like vascular cells. A great number of reports have shown the expression and function of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), mainly VEGFR-1 and -2, in neural cells, where VEGFR-2 has been described as the major mediator of VEGF-A signals. This review aims to summarize and compare the divergent roles of VEGFR-1 and -2 during CNS development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Wittko-Schneider
- Neuroscience Center, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Heinrich-Hoffmann Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Szentpéteri I, Rab A, Kornya L, Kovács P, Joó JG. Gene expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in human placenta from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:984-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.766702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kalamatianos T, Stavrinou LC, Koutsarnakis C, Psachoulia C, Sakas DE, Stranjalis G. PlGF and sVEGFR-1 in chronic subdural hematoma: implications for hematoma development. J Neurosurg 2013; 118:353-7. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.10.jns12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Object
A considerable body of evidence indicates that inflammation and angiogenesis play a significant role in the development and progression of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). While various experimental and clinical studies have implicated placental growth factor (PlGF) in the processes that underpin pathological angiogenesis, no study has thus far investigated its expression in CSDH. The actions of PlGF and its related proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are antagonized by a high-affinity soluble receptor, namely soluble VEGF receptor–1 (sVEGFR-1), and thus the ratio between sVEGFR-1 and angiogenic factors provides an index of angiogenic capacity.
Methods
In the present study, using an automated electrochemiluminescence assay, levels of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 were quantified in serum and hematoma fluid obtained in 16 patients with CSDH.
Results
Levels of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 were significantly higher in hematoma fluid than in serum (p < 0.0001). In serum, levels of sVEGFR-1 were higher than those of PlGF (p < 0.0001), whereas in hematoma fluid this difference was not apparent. Furthermore, the ratio of sVEGFR-1 to PlGF was significantly lower in hematoma fluid than in serum (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Given previous evidence indicating a role for PlGF in promoting angiogenesis, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and stimulation, as well as its ability to amplify VEGF-driven signaling under conditions favoring pathological angiogenesis, enhanced expression of PlGF in hematoma fluid suggests the involvement of this factor in the mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis in CSDH. Furthermore, a reduced ratio of sVEGFR-1 to PlGF in hematoma fluid is consistent with the proangiogenic capacity of CSDH. Future studies are warranted to clarify the precise role of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 in CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosis Kalamatianos
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - Lampis C. Stavrinou
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | | | - Damianos E. Sakas
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - George Stranjalis
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
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Tumor cell-derived placental growth factor sensitizes antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of anti-VEGF drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:654-9. [PMID: 23267058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209310110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in modulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth remains an enigma. Furthermore, anti-PlGF therapy in tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth remains controversial in preclinical tumor models. Here we show that in both human and mouse tumors, PlGF induced the formation of dilated and normalized vascular networks that were hypersensitive to anti-VEGF and anti-VEGFR-2 therapy, leading to dormancy of a substantial number of avascular tumors. Loss-of-function using plgf shRNA in a human choriocarcinoma significantly accelerated tumor growth rates and acquired resistance to anti-VEGF drugs, whereas gain-of-function of PlGF in a mouse tumor increased anti-VEGF sensitivity. Further, we show that VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1 blocking antibodies displayed opposing effects on tumor angiogenesis. VEGFR-1 blockade and genetic deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR-1 resulted in enhanced tumor angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate that tumor-derived PlGF negatively modulates tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth and may potentially serve as a predictive marker of anti-VEGF cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular disease that reduces blood flow capacity to the legs of patients. PAD leads to exercise intolerance that can progress in severity to greatly limit mobility, and in advanced cases leads to frank ischemia with pain at rest. It is estimated that 12 to 15 million people in the United States are diagnosed with PAD, with a much larger population that is undiagnosed. The presence of PAD predicts a 50% to 1500% increase in morbidity and mortality, depending on severity. Treatment of patients with PAD is limited to modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors, pharmacological intervention, surgery, and exercise therapy. Extended exercise programs that involve walking approximately five times per week, at a significant intensity that requires frequent rest periods, are most significant. Preclinical studies and virtually all clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of exercise therapy, including improved walking tolerance, modified inflammatory/hemostatic markers, enhanced vasoresponsiveness, adaptations within the limb (angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and mitochondrial synthesis) that enhance oxygen delivery and metabolic responses, potentially delayed progression of the disease, enhanced quality of life indices, and extended longevity. A synthesis is provided as to how these adaptations can develop in the context of our current state of knowledge and events known to be orchestrated by exercise. The benefits are so compelling that exercise prescription should be an essential option presented to patients with PAD in the absence of contraindications. Obviously, selecting for a lifestyle pattern that includes enhanced physical activity prior to the advance of PAD limitations is the most desirable and beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Haas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, Muscle Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Haghighi Poodeh S, Salonurmi T, Nagy I, Koivunen P, Vuoristo J, Räsänen J, Sormunen R, Vainio S, Savolainen MJ. Alcohol-induced premature permeability in mouse placenta-yolk sac barriers in vivo. Placenta 2012; 33:866-73. [PMID: 22884851 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute alcohol exposure induces malformation and malfunction of placenta-yolk sac tissues in rodents, reducing the labyrinth zone in the placenta and altering the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. During normal mouse placentation the cells line up in an optimal way to form a hemotrichorial placenta where layers II and III are connected through gap junctions. These act as molecular sieves that limit the passage of large molecules. PlGF is a developmentally regulated protein that controls the passage of molecules in the vasculosyncytial membranes and media of large blood vessels in the placental villi. In addition to the chorioallontoic placenta, rodents also have another type of placenta that consists of Reichert's membrane within the trophoblast cell layer on the maternal side and the parietal endodermal cells on the embryonic site. This forms a separate materno-fetal transport system. We study here whether alcohol affects these two placental barriers, leading to placental malfunction that in turn diminishes the nutrient supply to the embryo. STUDY DESIGN CD-1 mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 3 g/kg ethanol at 4 h intervals at 8.75 days post coitum (dpc). The placentas were collected on 9.5, 11.5 and 14.5 dpc and used for histopathological protein studies. Hemotrichorial cell layer structure interactions through connective tissue and gap junction were analyzed by electron microscopy. The permeability of the feto-maternal barrier was visualized with Evans Blue. RESULTS VEGF, a permeability inducer, was found to be up-regulated in the mouse placenta after acute alcohol exposure, and permeability was also affected by altered structures in the barriers that separate the feto-maternal blood circulation which destroyed the gap junctions in the hemotrichorial cell layer, reduced the thickness of Reichert's membrane and interfered with with Reichert's trophoblast/Reichert's parietal interaction. These defects together could have caused the permeability malfunction of the placenta-yolk sac tissues as visualized and quantified here by Evans Blue leakage. CONCLUSIONS An altered PlGF/VEGF ratio together with barrier malformation may contribute to placental malfunction by altering the permeability of the feto-maternal barriers. Further studies are needed in order to show whether premature permeability is involved in the intrauterine growth restriction observed in human FAS embryos.
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