1
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Suzuki E, Fukuda T. Multifaceted Functions of TWSG1: From Embryogenesis to Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12755. [PMID: 36361543 PMCID: PMC9657663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in development. Twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1 (TWSG1) was initially identified as a regulator of the dorsoventral axis formation in Drosophila. The mechanism of BMP signaling modulation by TWSG1 is complex. TWSG1 inhibits BMP signaling by binding to BMP ligands including BMP4, whereas it enhances signaling by interacting with Chordin, a BMP antagonist. Therefore, TWSG1 can act as both a BMP agonist and antagonist. TWSG1 has various functions ranging from embryogenesis to cancer progression. TWSG1 knockout mice showed neural, craniofacial, and mammary defects. TWSG1 also regulated erythropoiesis and thymocyte development. Furthermore, the relationship between TWSG1 and cancer has been elucidated. Allelic loss of TWSG1 was detected in colorectal cancer. TWSG1 expression was upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma and glioblastoma but downregulated in gastric and endometrial cancers. TWSG1 suppressed BMP7-enhanced sphere formation and migration in endometrial cancer cells, indicating its tumor-suppressive role. Further studies are required to clarify the TWSG1 function and its association with BMP signaling in cancer development. Finally, TWSG1 is abundantly expressed in human and mouse ovaries and sustains follicular growth in rodent ovaries. Thus, TWSG1 has various functions ranging from fertility to cancer. Therefore, TWSG1 signaling modulation may be beneficial in treating specific diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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2
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The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126364. [PMID: 34198654 PMCID: PMC8232321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
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3
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Al-Shabrawey M, Hussein K, Wang F, Wan M, Elmasry K, Elsherbiny N, Saleh H, Yu PB, Tawfik A, Ibrahim AS. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Non-Canonical Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:568795. [PMID: 33584642 PMCID: PMC7878387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), are not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated an upregulation of retinal bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in experimental diabetes and in retinas of diabetic human subjects. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of non-canonical inflammatory pathway in BMP2-induced retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier dysfunction. For this purpose, we used RT-PCR and western blotting to evaluate the levels of BMP2 signaling components (BMP2, BMP4, BMP receptors), VEGF, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NFκB, and oxidative stress markers in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to BMP2 (50ng/ml) for up to 24 h. Also, effect of high glucose (HG, 30mM D-glucose) on the expression of BMP2 and its downstream genes was examined in HRECs. H2-DCF is a fluorogenic dye that measures the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was used to measure the pro-oxidative effect of BMP2. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting p38 and VEGF signaling on BMP2-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction by measuring the trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance (TER) using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). We also tested the effect of HG on the integrity of HRECs barrier in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BMP2 signaling. Our data reveals that BMP2 and high glucose upregulates BMP components of the BMP signaling pathway (SMAD effectors, BMP receptors, and TGFβ ligand itself) and induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NFκB with nuclear translocation of NFκB. Inhibition of p38 or NFκB attenuated BMP2-induced VEGF expression and barrier dysfunction in HRECs. Also, inhibition of VEGFR2 attenuated BMP2-induced barrier dysfunction. Moreover, BMP2 induces generation of ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in HRECs. Finally, HG upregulated BMP2 and its downstream genes (SMAD, BMP4, ALKs, and TGF-β) in HRECs and BMP2 inhibitors attenuated HG-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction. Our results suggest that in addition to the regular canonical SMAD signaling BMP2 induces non-canonical inflammatory pathway in HRECs via activation of p38/NFκB pathway that causes the upregulation of VEGF and the disruption of HRECs. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling is a potential therapeutic intervention to preserve endothelial cell barrier function in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Saleh
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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4
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Jeon BM, Yeon GB, Goo HG, Lee KE, Kim DS. PVDF Nanofiber Scaffold Coated with a Vitronectin Peptide Facilitates the Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Dev Reprod 2020; 24:135-147. [PMID: 32734130 PMCID: PMC7375977 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2020.24.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a stable and biocompatible material that has been broadly used in biomedical applications. Due to its piezoelectric property, the electrospun nanofiber of PVDF has been used to culture electroactive cells, such as osteocytes and cardiomyocytes. Here, taking advantage of the piezoelectric property of PVDF, we have fabricated a PVDF nanofiber scaffolds using an electrospinning technique for differentiating human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into neural precursors (NPs). Surface coating with a peptide derived from vitronectin enables hESCs to firmly adhere onto the nanofiber scaffolds and differentiate into NPs under dual-SMAD inhibition. Our nanofiber scaffolds supported the differentiation of hESCs into SOX1-positive NPs more significantly than Matrigel. The NPs generated on the nanofiber scaffolds could give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursors. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the variable expressions of 27 genes in the nanofiber scaffold groups, several of which are highly related to the biological processes required for neural differentiation. These results suggest that a PVDF nanofiber scaffold coated with a vitronectin peptide can serve as a highly efficient and defined culture platform for the neural differentiation of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Min Jeon
- Dept. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyu-Bum Yeon
- Dept. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | | | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advance Analysis Center, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Dept. of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
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5
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Ma B, Jing R, Liu J, Qi T, Pei C. Gremlin is a potential target for posterior capsular opacification. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1714-1726. [PMID: 31234714 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the role of gremlin during the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: The activation, roles and relationships of the BMPs/Smad1/5, MAPK, FAK and AKT signaling pathways in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) after gremlin induction were detected by western blotting and real-time PCR. Wound-healing, transwell, capsular bag models and rat PCO models assays were used to test the effects of gremlin on HLECs' migration, proliferation, EMT-specific protein α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and development of PCO in rats. Results: Our data showed that knockdown of the gremlin inhibited the development of PCO and reduced expression of α-SMA in rats. While gremlin did not alter the migration of HLECs, it increased the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT. Knockout of Smad2 or Smad3 inhibited the expression of p-ERK and p-AKT proteins induced by gremlin. Gremlin also reduced BMP4-induced expression of the p-Smad1/5 protein. Finally, knockout of Smad1/5 increased gremlin-induced expression of α-SMA, fibronectin and type I collagen (COL-1) in HLECs. Conclusion: These results suggested that gremlin contributed to the development of PCO by promoting LEC proliferation, activation of TGF-β/Smad, ERK and AKT signaling and inhibition of BMPs/Smad1/5 signaling. Furthermore, inhibiting gremlin effectively impaired both PCO development in rats and EMT in the lens capsule. Thus, our data suggest that gremlin might be a potential target for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ruihua Jing
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jie Liu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Cheng Pei
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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6
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Endoglin is a conserved regulator of vasculogenesis in zebrafish - implications for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182320. [PMID: 31064821 PMCID: PMC6527926 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a progressive vascular disease with high mortality and prevalence. There is no effective treatment of HHT due to the lack of comprehensive knowledge of its underlying pathological mechanisms. The majority of HHT1 patients carry endoglin (ENG) mutations. Here, we used Danio rerio (zebrafish) as an in vivo model to investigate the effects of endoglin knockdown on vascular development. According to phylogenetic analyses and amino acid sequence similarity analyses, we confirmed that endoglin is conserved in vertebrates and descended from a single common ancestor. Endoglin is highly expressed in the vasculature beginning at the segmentation period in zebrafish. Upon endoglin knockdown by morpholinos, we observed disruption in the intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and decreased expression of several vascular markers. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results implied that the BMP-binding endothelial regulator (bmper) is a gene affected by endoglin knockdown. Rescue experiments demonstrated that overexpression of bmper significantly increased the number of endothelial cells (ECs) and reduced the defects at ISVs in zebrafish. Moreover, there was enhanced tube formation in ENG mutant ECs derived from a HHT patient after human recombinant BMPER (hrBMPER) stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest that bmper, a potential downstream gene of ENG, could be targeted to improve vascular integrity in HHT.
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Lockhart-Cairns MP, Lim KTW, Zuk A, Godwin ARF, Cain SA, Sengle G, Baldock C. Internal cleavage and synergy with twisted gastrulation enhance BMP inhibition by BMPER. Matrix Biol 2019; 77:73-86. [PMID: 30125619 PMCID: PMC6456722 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are essential signalling molecules involved in developmental and pathological processes and are regulated in the matrix by secreted glycoproteins. One such regulator is BMP-binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER) which can both inhibit and enhance BMP signalling in a context and concentration-dependent manner. Twisted gastrulation (Tsg) can also promote or ablate BMP activity but it is unclear whether Tsg and BMPER directly interact and thereby exert a synergistic function on BMP signalling. Here, we show that human BMPER binds to Tsg through the N-terminal BMP-binding region which alone more potently inhibits BMP-4 signalling than full-length BMPER. Additionally, BMPER and Tsg cooperatively inhibit BMP-4 signalling suggesting a synergistic function to dampen BMP activity. Furthermore, full-length BMPER is targeted to the plasma membrane via binding of its C-terminal region to cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycans but the active cleavage fragment is diffusible. Small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy show that BMPER has an elongated conformation allowing the N-terminal BMP-binding and C-terminal cell-interactive regions to be spatially separated. To gain insight into the regulation of BMPER bioavailability by internal cleavage, a disease-causing BMPER point mutation, P370L, previously identified in the acid-catalysed cleavage site, was introduced. The mutated protein was secreted but the mutation prevented intracellular cleavage resulting in a lack of bioactive cleavage fragment. Furthermore, mutant BMPER was extracellularly cleaved at a downstream site presumably becoming available due to the mutation. This susceptibility to extracellular proteases and loss of bioactive N-terminal cleavage fragment may result in loss of BMPER function in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Lockhart-Cairns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Karen Tzia Wei Lim
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Alexandra Zuk
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
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8
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Kithcart AP, MacRae CA. Zebrafish assay development for cardiovascular disease mechanism and drug discovery. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:126-131. [PMID: 30518489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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9
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Esser JS, Steiner RE, Deckler M, Schmitt H, Engert B, Link S, Charlet A, Patterson C, Bode C, Zhou Q, Moser M. Extracellular bone morphogenetic protein modulator BMPER and twisted gastrulation homolog 1 preserve arterial-venous specification in zebrafish blood vessel development and regulate Notch signaling in endothelial cells. FEBS J 2018; 285:1419-1436. [PMID: 29473997 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway plays a central role during vasculature development. Mutations or dysregulation of the BMP pathway members have been linked to arteriovenous malformations. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the BMP modulators bone morphogenetic protein endothelial precursor-derived regulator (BMPER) and twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1 (TWSG1) on arteriovenous specification during zebrafish development and analyzed downstream Notch signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Silencing of bmper and twsg1b in zebrafish embryos by morpholinos resulted in a pronounced enhancement of venous ephrinB4a marker expression and concomitant dysregulated arterial ephrinb2a marker expression detected by in situ hybridization. As arteriovenous specification was disturbed, we assessed the impact of BMPER and TWSG1 protein stimulation on the Notch signaling pathway on endothelial cells from different origin. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis showed increased expression of Notch target gene hairy and enhancer of split, HEY1/2 and EPHRINB2. Consistently, silencing of BMPER in endothelial cells by siRNAs decreased Notch signaling and downstream effectors. BMP receptor antagonist DMH1 abolished BMPER and BMP4 induced Notch signaling pathway activation. In conclusion, we found that in endothelial cells, BMPER and TWSG1 are necessary for regular Notch signaling activity and in zebrafish embryos BMPER and TWSG1 preserve arteriovenous specification to prevent malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Susanne Esser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rahel Elisabeth Steiner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meike Deckler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmitt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Engert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Link
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Charlet
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cam Patterson
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, Germany
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Goumans MJ, Zwijsen A, Ten Dijke P, Bailly S. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Vascular Homeostasis and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031989. [PMID: 28348038 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), angiopoietin, and ephrin signaling. It has become clear that signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which have a long history of studies in bone and early heart development, are also essential for regulating vascular function. Indeed, mutations that cause deregulated BMP signaling are linked to two human vascular diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These observations are corroborated by data obtained with vascular cells in cell culture and in mouse models. BMPs are required for normal endothelial cell differentiation and for venous/arterial and lymphatic specification. In adult life, BMP signaling orchestrates neo-angiogenesis as well as vascular inflammation, remodeling, and calcification responses to shear and oxidative stress. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of BMPs in the vascular system, based on studies of mouse models and human vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Mécale (INSERM), U1036, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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11
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McGarvey AC, Rybtsov S, Souilhol C, Tamagno S, Rice R, Hills D, Godwin D, Rice D, Tomlinson SR, Medvinsky A. A molecular roadmap of the AGM region reveals BMPER as a novel regulator of HSC maturation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3731-3751. [PMID: 29093060 PMCID: PMC5716029 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Through transcriptional profiling of the mouse AGM region, McGarvey et al. identify potential niche regulators of HSC development. They show a new function of BMPER in regulating HSC maturation, likely via its modulation of BMP signalling. In the developing embryo, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, but the molecular regulation of this process is poorly understood. Recently, the progression from E9.5 to E10.5 and polarity along the dorso-ventral axis have been identified as clear demarcations of the supportive HSC niche. To identify novel secreted regulators of HSC maturation, we performed RNA sequencing over these spatiotemporal transitions in the AGM region and supportive OP9 cell line. Screening several proteins through an ex vivo reaggregate culture system, we identify BMPER as a novel positive regulator of HSC development. We demonstrate that BMPER is associated with BMP signaling inhibition, but is transcriptionally induced by BMP4, suggesting that BMPER contributes to the precise control of BMP activity within the AGM region, enabling the maturation of HSCs within a BMP-negative environment. These findings and the availability of our transcriptional data through an accessible interface should provide insight into the maintenance and potential derivation of HSCs in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McGarvey
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Tamagno
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ritva Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Hills
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Duncan Godwin
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Rice
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon R Tomlinson
- Stem Cell Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells Group, Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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12
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Sardella C, Winkler C, Quignodon L, Hardman JA, Toffoli B, Giordano Attianese GMP, Hundt JE, Michalik L, Vinson CR, Paus R, Desvergne B, Gilardi F. Delayed Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Hair Follicle Dystrophy in a Lipoatrophy Mouse Model of Pparg Total Deletion. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:500-510. [PMID: 28964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PPARγ regulates multiple aspects of skin physiology, including sebocyte differentiation, keratinocyte proliferation, epithelial stem cell survival, adipocyte biology, and inflammatory skin responses. However, the effects of its global deletion, namely of nonredundant key functions of PPARγ signaling in mammalian skin, are yet unknown because of embryonic lethality. Here, we describe the skin and hair phenotype of a whole-body PPARγ-null mouse (PpargΔ/Δ), obtained by preserving PPARγ expression in the placenta. PpargΔ/Δ mice exhibited total lipoatrophy and complete absence of sebaceous glands. Right after birth, hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis was transiently delayed, along with reduced expression of HF differentiation markers and of transcriptional regulators necessary for HF development. Later, adult PpargΔ/Δ mice developed scarring alopecia and severe perifollicular inflammation. Skin analyses in other models of lipodystrophy, AZIPtg/+ and Adipoq-Cretg/+Ppargfl/fl mice, coupled with skin graft experiments, showed that the early defects observed in hair morphogenesis were caused by the absence of adipose tissue. In contrast, the late alteration of HF cycle and appearance of inflammation were observed only in PpargΔ/Δ mice and likely were due to the lack sebaceous glands. Our findings underscore the increasing appreciation for the importance of adipose tissue-mediated signals in HF development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sardella
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Winkler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Quignodon
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan A Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Toffoli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liliane Michalik
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles R Vinson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Metabolism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Béatrice Desvergne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federica Gilardi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Pallotta I, Sun B, Lallos G, Terrenoire C, Freytes DO. Contributions of bone morphogenetic proteins in cardiac repair cells in three-dimensional in vitro models and angiogenesis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:349-359. [PMID: 28482139 DOI: 10.1002/term.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the main efforts in myocardial tissue engineering is towards designing cardiac tissues able to rescue the reduction in heart function once implanted at the site of myocardial infarction. To date, the efficiency of this approach in preclinical applications is limited in part by our incomplete understanding of the inflammatory environment known to be present at the site of myocardial infarct and by poor vascularization. It was recently reported that polarized macrophages known to be present at the site of myocardial infarction secrete bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-2 and -4 causing changes in the expression of cardiac proteins in a 2D in vitro model. Here, these findings were extended towards cardiac tissues composed of human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes embedded in collagen gel. By preconditioning cardiac tissues with BMPs, constructs were obtained with enhanced expression of cardiac markers. Additionally, after BMP preconditioning, the resulting cardiac-tissues were able to sustain diffusion of the BMPs with the added benefit of supporting human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation. Here, a model is proposed of cardiac tissues preconditioned with BMPs that results in stimulation of cardiomyocyte function and diffusion of BMPs able to support angiogenesis. This platform represents a step towards the validation of more complex bioengineered constructs for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pallotta
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce Sun
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Lallos
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecile Terrenoire
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/ University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
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14
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Esser JS, Saretzki E, Pankratz F, Engert B, Grundmann S, Bode C, Moser M, Zhou Q. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126-5p in control of endothelial cell function in angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:734-749. [PMID: 28124060 DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Several microRNAs have been described to regulate the process of angiogenesis. Previously, we have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased the pro-angiogenic activity of endothelial cells. In this project, we now investigated how the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect is mediated by microRNAs. First, we performed a microRNA array with BMP4-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the top-regulated microRNAs, we detected a decreased expression of miR-494 and increased expression of miR-126-5p. Next, we analysed the canonical Smad and alternative signalling pathways, through which BMP4 would regulate miR-126-5p and miR-494 expression. Furthermore, the functional effect of miR-494 and miR-126-5p on endothelial cells was investigated. MicroRNA-494 overexpression decreased endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprout formation. Consistently, miR-494 inhibition increased endothelial cell function. As potential miR-494 targets, bFGF and BMP endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER) were identified and confirmed by western blot. Luciferase assays showed direct miR-494 binding in BMPER 3'UTR. In contrast, miR-126-5p overexpression increased pro-angiogenic endothelial cell behaviour and, accordingly, miR-126-5p inhibition decreased endothelial cell function. As a direct miR-126-5p target we identified the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 which was confirmed by western blot analysis and luciferase assays. In the Matrigel plug assay application of antagomiR-494 increased endothelial cell ingrowth, whereas antagomiR-126-5p treatment decreased cell ingrowth in vivo. Taken together, through differential regulation of the anti-angiomiR-494 and the angiomiR-126-5p by BMP4 both microRNAs contribute to the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Esser
- Jennifer Susanne Esser, PhD, University Heart Center Freiburg, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Cardiovascular Biology Group, Breisacher Str. 33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 76127070440, Fax: +49 76127070450, E-mail:
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15
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Esser JS, Charlet A, Schmidt M, Heck S, Allen A, Lother A, Epting D, Patterson C, Bode C, Moser M. The neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 is a strong inducer of sprouting angiogenesis and tip cell formation. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:222-223. [PMID: 28082451 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Regarding branching morphogenesis, neurogenesis and angiogenesis share common principle mechanisms and make use of the same molecules. Therefore, the investigation of neuronal molecules involved in vascular morphogenesis provides new possibilities for pro-angiogenic approaches in cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of the neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal transcription factor NPAS4 is expressed in endothelial cells of different origin using reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. To investigate how NPAS4 affects endothelial cell function, NPAS4 was overexpressed by plasmid transfection or depleted from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by specific siRNAs. In vitro HUVEC sprouting assays showed that sprouting and branching of endothelial cells was enhanced by NPAS4 overexpression. Consistently, silencing of NPAS4 resulted in reduced HUVEC sprouting and branching. Mechanistically, we identified as target gene vascular endothelial adhesion molecule VE-cadherin to be involved in the pro-angiogenic function of NPAS4. In endothelial cell mosaic spheroid sprouting assays, NPAS4 was involved in tip cell formation. In vivo experiments in mouse and zebrafish confirmed our in vitro findings. NPAS4-deficient mice displayed reduced ingrowth of endothelial cells in the Matrigel plug assay. Consistent with a regulatory role of NPAS4 in endothelial cell function silencing of NPAS4 in zebrafish by specific morpholinos resulted in perturbed intersegmental vessels growth. CONCLUSIONS NPAS4 is expressed in endothelial cells, regulates VE-cadherin expression and regulates sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Susanne Esser
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Charlet
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mei Schmidt
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Heck
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anita Allen
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Epting
- Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cam Patterson
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, Payson 118, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Cardiovascular Biology Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str.33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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16
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Duan M, Xing Y, Guo J, Chen H, Zhang R. Borneol increases blood-tumour barrier permeability by regulating the expression levels of tight junction-associated proteins. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3009-3018. [PMID: 27431008 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1199044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selectively opening the blood-tumour barrier (BTB) is critical to deliver antitumour drugs from blood to tumour tissues. The BTB problem is attributed to the tight junctions (TJs), which consist of several transmembrane proteins. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether borneol could open the BTB by affecting TJ-associated proteins ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5 and F-actin in the rat model of C6 glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plasma and brain tissue of C6 glioma rats were collected at different points after rats were administered with 35 or 140 mg/kg borneol and 0.5% CMC-Na, respectively. The permeability of BTB was assessed by cisplatin extravasation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TJ-associated proteins were determined by QPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The cisplatin bioavailability in the brain tissue of C6 glioma rats administered either 35 or 140 mg/kg borneol and 0.5% CMC-Na were 415.07, 227.04 and 192.07 (mg/mL/h), respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ZO-1 and F-actin began to decrease from the time point of 2 min; the lowest levels in the borneol high-dose (46.7% decrease for ZO-1 and 63.3% for F-actin compared with control) and low-dose groups (54.3% for ZO-1; 77.9% for F-actin) appeared at the time points of 30 and 45 min, respectively. Thereafter, the levels were gradually restored to the level of borneol at 0 h. Occludin and claudin-5 expression levels were not significantly modified. CONCLUSION Borneol could selectively open the BTB and consequently increase BTB permeability, and this mechanism is associated with the down-regulation of ZO-1 and F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Duan
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Xing
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Junqia Guo
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , P.R. China
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17
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Morrell NW, Bloch DB, ten Dijke P, Goumans MJTH, Hata A, Smith J, Yu PB, Bloch KD. Targeting BMP signalling in cardiovascular disease and anaemia. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:106-20. [PMID: 26461965 PMCID: PMC4886232 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors, known to be essential regulators of embryonic patterning and organogenesis, are also critical for the regulation of cardiovascular structure and function. In addition to their contributions to syndromic disorders including heart and vascular development, BMP signalling is increasingly recognized for its influence on endocrine-like functions in postnatal cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis. In this Review, we discuss several critical and novel aspects of BMP signalling in cardiovascular health and disease, which highlight the cell-specific and context-specific nature of BMP signalling. Based on advancing knowledge of the physiological roles and regulation of BMP signalling, we indicate opportunities for therapeutic intervention in a range of cardiovascular conditions including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as for anaemia of inflammation. Depending on the context and the repertoire of ligands and receptors involved in specific disease processes, the selective inhibition or enhancement of signalling via particular BMP ligands (such as in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively) might be beneficial. The development of selective small molecule antagonists of BMP receptors, and the identification of ligands selective for BMP receptor complexes expressed in the vasculature provide the most immediate opportunities for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medicine Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medicine Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jim Smith
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Paul B Yu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Anaesthesia Centre for Critical Care Research, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M. Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 76:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Associations between allelic polymorphism of the BMP Binding Endothelial Regulator and phenotypic variation of cattle. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:358-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Ye L, Jiang WG. Bone morphogenetic proteins in tumour associated angiogenesis and implication in cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:586-597. [PMID: 26639195 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, more than 20 BMPs have been identified in humans. BMPs play a critical role in embryonic and postnatal development, and also in maintaining homeostasis in different organs and tissues by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and motility. They play important roles in the development and progression of certain malignancies, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Recently, more evidence shows that BMPs are also involved in tumour associated angiogenesis. For example BMP can either directly regulate the functions of vascular endothelial cells or indirectly influence the angiogenesis via regulation of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Such crosstalk can also be reflected in the interaction with other angiogenic factors, like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). All these factors are involved in the orchestration of the angiogenic process during tumour development and progression. Review of the relevant studies will provide a comprehensive prospective on current understanding and shed light on the corresponding therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Metastasis & Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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21
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Brazil DP, Church RH, Surae S, Godson C, Martin F. BMP signalling: agony and antagony in the family. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:249-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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22
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Longitudinal analysis of osteogenic and angiogenic signaling factors in healing models mimicking atrophic and hypertrophic non-unions in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124217. [PMID: 25910190 PMCID: PMC4409381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired bone healing can have devastating consequences for the patient. Clinically relevant animal models are necessary to understand the pathology of impaired bone healing. In this study, two impaired healing models, a hypertrophic and an atrophic non-union, were compared to physiological bone healing in rats. The aim was to provide detailed information about differences in gene expression, vascularization and histology during the healing process. The change from a closed fracture (healing control group) to an open osteotomy (hypertrophy group) led to prolonged healing with reduced mineralized bridging after 42 days. RT-PCR data revealed higher gene expression of most tested osteogenic and angiogenic factors in the hypertrophy group at day 14. After 42 days a significant reduction of gene expression was seen for Bmp4 and Bambi in this group. The inhibition of angiogenesis by Fumagillin (atrophy group) decreased the formation of new blood vessels and led to a non-healing situation with diminished chondrogenesis. RT-PCR results showed an attempt towards overcoming the early perturbance by significant up regulation of the angiogenic regulators Vegfa, Angiopoietin 2 and Fgf1 at day 7 and a further continuous increase of Fgf1, -2 and Angiopoietin 2 over time. However µCT angiograms showed incomplete recovery after 42 days. Furthermore, lower expression values were detected for the Bmps at day 14 and 21. The Bmp antagonists Dan and Twsg1 tended to be higher expressed in the atrophy group at day 42. In conclusion, the investigated animal models are suitable models to mimic human fracture healing complications and can be used for longitudinal studies. Analyzing osteogenic and angiogenic signaling patterns, clear changes in expression were identified between these three healing models, revealing the importance of a coordinated interplay of different factors to allow successful bone healing.
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Cornejo M, Cho S, Giannarelli C, Iatridis J, Purmessur D. Soluble factors from the notochordal-rich intervertebral disc inhibit endothelial cell invasion and vessel formation in the presence and absence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:487-96. [PMID: 25534363 PMCID: PMC4411226 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain can be associated with the pathological ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves into intervertebral discs (IVDs). The notochord patterns the IVD during development and is a source of anti-angiogenic soluble factors such as Noggin and Chondroitin sulfate (CS). These factors may form the basis for a new minimally invasive strategy to target angiogenesis in the IVD. OBJECTIVE To examine the anti-angiogenic potential of soluble factors from notochordal cells (NCs) and candidates Noggin and CS under healthy culture conditions and in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators. DESIGN NC conditioned media (NCCM) was generated from porcine NC-rich nucleus pulposus tissue. To assess the effects of NCCM, CS and Noggin on angiogenesis, cell invasion and tubular formation assays were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ± tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα [10 ng/ml]). vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, MMP-7, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 mRNA levels were assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS NCCM (10 & 100%), CS (10 and 100 μg) and Noggin (10 and 100 ng) significantly decreased cell invasion of HUVECs with and without TNFα. NCCM 10% and Noggin 10 ng inhibited tubular formation with and without TNFα and CS 100 μg inhibited tubules in Basal conditions whereas CS 10 μg inhibited tubules with TNFα. NCCM significantly decreased VEGF-A, MMP-7 and IL-6 mRNA levels in HUVECs with and without TNFα. CS and Noggin had no effects on gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that soluble factors from NCs can inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF signaling. Notochordal-derived ligands are a promising minimally invasive strategy targeting neurovascular ingrowth and pain in the degenerated IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Cornejo
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - S.K. Cho
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C. Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - J.C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D. Purmessur
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: D. Purmessur, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1188, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: 1-212-241-1531
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Asnani A, Peterson RT. The zebrafish as a tool to identify novel therapies for human cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:763-7. [PMID: 24973746 PMCID: PMC4073266 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the zebrafish has become an increasingly popular animal model for the study of human cardiovascular disease. Because zebrafish embryos are transparent and their genetic manipulation is straightforward, the zebrafish has been used to recapitulate a number of cardiovascular disease processes ranging from congenital heart defects to arrhythmia to cardiomyopathy. The use of fluorescent reporters has been essential to identify two discrete phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation necessary for normal cardiac development in the zebrafish. These phases are analogous to the differentiation of the two progenitor heart cell populations in mammals, termed the first and second heart fields. The small size of zebrafish embryos has enabled high-throughput chemical screening to identify small-molecule suppressors of fundamental pathways in vasculogenesis, such as the BMP axis, as well as of common vascular defects, such as aortic coarctation. The optical clarity of zebrafish has facilitated studies of valvulogenesis as well as detailed electrophysiological mapping to characterize the early cardiac conduction system. One unique aspect of zebrafish larvae is their ability to oxygenate through diffusion alone, permitting the study of mutations that cause severe cardiomyopathy phenotypes such as silent heart and pickwickm171, which mimic titin mutations observed in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Above all, the regenerative capacity of zebrafish presents a particularly exciting opportunity to discover new therapies for cardiac injury, including scar formation following myocardial infarction. This Review will summarize the current state of the field and describe future directions to advance our understanding of human cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Asnani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Esser JS, Rahner S, Deckler M, Bode C, Patterson C, Moser M. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Endothelial Cells Is Activated by BMPER to Promote Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:358-67. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Esser
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
| | - Susanne Rahner
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
| | - Meike Deckler
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
| | - Cam Patterson
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
| | - Martin Moser
- From the Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center University of Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (J.S.E., S.R., M.D., C.B., M.M.); UNC McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (C.P.); and New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY (C.P.)
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Koketsu K, Yoshida D, Kim K, Ishii Y, Tahara S, Teramoto A, Morita A. Gremlin, a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, is a crucial angiogenic factor in pituitary adenoma. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:834137. [PMID: 25834571 PMCID: PMC4365323 DOI: 10.1155/2015/834137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gremlin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and a major driving force in skeletal modeling in the fetal stage. Several recent reports have shown that Gremlin is also involved in angiogenesis of lung cancer and diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Gremlin in tumor angiogenesis in pituitary adenoma. Double fluorescence immunohistochemistry of Gremlin and CD34 was performed in pituitary adenoma tissues obtained during transsphenoidal surgery in 45 cases (7 PRLoma, 17 GHoma, 2 ACTHoma, and 2 TSHoma). Gremlin and microvascular density (MVD) were detected by double-immunofluorescence microscopy in CD34-positive vessels from tissue microarray analysis of 60 cases of pituitary adenomas (6 PRLoma, 23 GHoma, 22 NFoma, 5 ACTHoma, and 4 TSHoma). In tissue microarray analysis, MVD was significantly correlated with an increased Gremlin level (linear regression: P < 0.005, r (2) = 0.4958). In contrast, Gremlin expression showed no correlation with tumor subtype or Knosp score. The high level of expression of Gremlin in pituitary adenoma tissue with many CD34-positive vessels and the strong coherence of these regions indicate that Gremlin is associated with angiogenesis in pituitary adenoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Koketsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- *Kenta Koketsu:
| | - Daizo Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kyongsong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yudo Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Teramoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Angiogenesis in zebrafish. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu Z, Sun W, Zhao Y, Xu C, Fu Y, Li Y, Chen J. The effect of variants in the promoter of BMPER on the intramuscular fat deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs. Gene 2014; 542:168-72. [PMID: 24667095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of BMPER promoter SNPs to the gene expression and intramuscular fat content in longissimus dorsi muscle. Firstly the promoter region of BMPER was comparatively scanned by direct sequencing with pool DNA of two groups (n=15 for each group) with high (H) or low (L) IMF content. Two SNPs, c.-1423A>G and c.-1344A>C, were found to have reverse allele distribution in the two groups. Genotyping by PCR-SSCP in a larger population revealed that the two SNPs interlock completely to form only A-A or G-C haplotype. The IMF content and BMPER expression level of A-A/A-A genotype were higher than G-C/G-C genotype, and luciferase assay revealed that A-A haplotype promoter activity was also higher than G-C haplotype. Putative transcription factor prediction suggested that c.-1344 A>C mutation might shift the promoter binding affinity with GATAs. We concluded that BMPER promoter polymorphisms have an effect on IMF content, and A-A haplotype could be used as a candidate genetic marker for preferable IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenxing Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yongyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chunying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yingying Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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